Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Decane traps'

New major, minor, and trace element data for the Chakhla- Delakari sill and three nearby lava flows in the proximal area of Tamia are presented. Based on abundances of trace elements, it is inferred that the sill was the feeder of the two uppermost lava flows which tapped magmas from a LREE-, Rb-enriched source. The oldest (lowermost) flow shows greater affinity with the western Deccan lavas. The association of the feeder sill with a large network of parallel trending sills and dikes, and the elongate Satpura Dome, is taken to infer that a major locus of eruption of the Deccan Trap lavas existed in the eastern part of the province. A model is presented for the evolution of the magma source of the sill and the two uppermost flows in a chamber beneath the Satpura Dome in the easternmost Deccan Traps. Results of equilibrium crystallization experiments at 6.35 kbars conducted on two compositions which represent probable near primary liquids are presented. One of these starting compositions has 9.5% MgO and the other 13% MgO. The sequence of crystallization in both starting liquids at 6.35 kbars is as follows: olivine; olivine + Ca- clinopyroxene; ol + Ca-clinopyroxene + Ca-poor clinopyroxene; olivine + Ca-clinopyroxene + Ca-poor clinopyroxene + plagioclase. Based on the present experimental data, it is inferred that typical Deccan magmas (MgO 5-9%) are produced by early fractionation of olivine, pyroxene (Ca-augite and pigeonite), and late fractionation of plagioclase. Deccan basalts with MgO 9-10% appear to have crystallized from melts lower in Ti02 than the starting materials of this study which fractionated olivine and plagioclase. Basalts with MgO2source which has fractionated olivine and plagioclase will produce of the bulk of Deccan basalts.

The Deccan Trap basalts are the remnants of a massive series of lava flows that erupted at the K/T boundary and covered 1-2 million km2 of west-central India. This eruptive event is of global interest because of its possible link to the major mass extinction event, and there is much debate about the duration of this massive volcanic event. In contrast to isotopic or paleomagnetic dating methods, I explore an alternative approach to determine the lifecycle of the magma chambers that supplied the lavas, and extend the concept to obtain a tighter constraint on Deccan’s duration. My method relies on extracting time information from elemental and isotopic diffusion across zone boundary in an individual crystal. I determined elemental and Sr-isotopic variations across abnormally large (2-5 cm) plagioclase crystals from the Thalghat and Kashele “Giant Plagioclase Basalts” from the lowermost Jawhar and Igatpuri Formations respectively in the thickest Western Ghats section near Mumbai. I also obtained bulk rock major, trace and rare earth element chemistry of each lava flow from the two formations. Thalghat flows contain only 12% zoned crystals, with 87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.7096 in the core and 0.7106 in the rim, separated by a sharp boundary. In contrast, all Kashele crystals have a wider range of 87Sr/86Sr values, with multiple zones. Geochemical modeling of the data suggests that the two types of crystals grew in distinct magmatic environments. Modeling intracrystalline diffusive equilibration between the core and rim of Thalghat crystals led me to obtain a crystal growth rate of 2.03x10-10 cm/s and a residence time of 780 years for the crystals in the magma chamber(s). Employing some assumptions based on field and geochronologic evidence, I extrapolated this residence time to the entire Western Ghats and obtained an estimate of 25,000 – 35,000 years for the duration of Western Ghats volcanism. This gave an eruptive rate of 30 – 40 km3/yr, which is much higher than any presently erupting volcano. This result will remain speculative until a similarly detailed analytical-modeling study is performed for the rest of the Western Ghats formations.

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Elias David Morales Martínez
Coorientador: Prof. Dr. Freddy Jesús Ruiz Herrera
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Humanas e Sociais, São Bernardo do Campo, 2018.
Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo principal analisar as imbricações entre trabalho decente e população trans, por meio do estudo do programa TransCidadania implementado na cidade de São Paulo nos anos 2015 e 2016. Isso foi possível por meio da discussão teórica dos diferentes entrelaçamentos entre a teoria queer, o direito ao trabalho, o trabalho sexual e as pessoas trans; a identificação das noções de Trabalho Decente e a implementação do conceito dentro das narrativas trans; e a avaliação do programa TransCidadania à luz da teoria do Trabalho Decente. Para cumprir com esses objetivos, foram utilizadas a estratégia de avaliação qualitativa e a perspectiva de observação participante, assim como as abordagens metodológicas de estudo de caso e avaliação de políticas públicas. Durante a revisão bibliográfica do quadro teórico, abordou-se o debate entre essencialismo e construtivismo das identidades trans; a teoria queer decolonial; as tecnologias de poder de Foucault; as teorias do sujeito e performatividade de Butler; as implicações da corporeidade trans na esfera do trabalho em geral; e o trabalho sexual em particular. Também foram estudadas as noções do trabalho decente no que diz respeito à relação com a informalidade, às pessoas LGBTIQ+ e ao trabalho sexual, além de estabelecer as convergências entre os pilares do Trabalho Decente com as narrativas trans. Para assim, no terceiro capítulo, avaliar o projeto do programa TransCidadania a partir da inclusão dos elementos do conceito do trabalho decente no desenho, teorização e estrutura programática dessa política pública municipal. Concluímos que, o programa TransCidadania corresponde enormemente com as recomendações da OIT no que diz respeito à melhora das condições que propiciem o acesso e permanência das pessoas trans em situação de vulnerabilidade ao Trabalho Decente.
This research had as main objective to analyse the imbrications between decent work and trans people, through the study of the program TransCidadania implemented in São Paulo in 2015-2016. This, through the theoretical discussion of the different interweaving between queer theory, the right to work, sex work and trans people; the identification of Decent work's notions and the implementation of the concept within trans narratives; and the evaluation of the TransCidadania program implemented in São Paulo during the years 2015 and 2016 in light of the theory of Decent work. To fulfil these objectives, the qualitative evaluation strategy and the perspective of participant observation were used, as well as the methodological approaches of case study and evaluation of public policies. During the bibliographic review of the theoretical framework, the debate between essentialism and constructivism of trans identities, queer decolonial theory, Foucault's power technologies, Butler's subject and performativity theories, and the implications of trans corporeity in the sphere of work in general, and sex work in particular, was discussed. Also, the notions of decent work were studied in terms of its relationship with informality, LGBTIQ + persons and sex work, as well as establishing the connexion between the pillars of Decent work and trans narratives. Thus, in the third chapter, the project of TransCidadania's program was evaluated around the inclusion of the elements from the concept of decent work in the design, theorization and programmatic structure of this municipal public policy. In conclusion, the TransCidadania program is in line with the recommendations of the ILO, regarding the improvement of the conditions to access and permanence to Decent work for the people in vulnerability situations.

Cette thèse s'appuie sur les travaux d'Alexander V. Sobolev sur le recyclage de matériel crustal dans le manteau terrestre en lien avec les processus de mise en place des provinces magmatiques et des iles océaniques. Il s'agit d'utiliser des outils pétrologiques et géochimiques couplés à des données de paléomagnétisme haute résolution, et à de la modélisation thermomécanique dans le but de contraindre les processus profonds à l'origine des Trapps du Deccan et leurs conséquences au niveau planétaire (extinction de masse). Dans un premier temps, cette thèse propose une réinterprétation des diverses contraintes temporelles sur la durée de l'éruption des Trapps du Deccan (datations radiochronologiques, paleomagnétisme, profiles d'altérations, et données paléo-environnementales) et suggère un scénario temporel pour la mise en place de cette province magmatique, le tout principalement basé sur des données paléomagnétiques de hautes résolution de Chenet et al (2008, 2009). Ce scénario implique que la phase principale de l'éruption des Trapps du Deccan s'est produite peu de temps avant la limite Crétacé-Paléogène et qu'elle correspond à la mise en place d'environ 1.106km3 de laves en 50ka. Ces chiffres sont équivalents à 150-200 fois le taux d'éruption actuel de l'ile volcanique d'Hawaii. Ce scénario temporel a ensuite été couplé à des données géochimiques élémentaires qui ont permis de mettre en évidence 1) une origine profonde pour la grande majorité des liquides primaires et 2) d'importantes variations de l'assimilation crustale au cours du temps, notamment juste avant la limite Crétacé-Paléogène. Ces phénomènes sont compatibles avec un unique épisode d'érosion lithosphérique de la plaque indienne par les processus magmatiques dans le manteau sous-jacent. Les données relatives aux Trapps du Deccan peuvent être comparées à celles des Trapps de Sibérie et révèlent notamment que l'importante érosion lithosphérique identifiée dans celles-ci n'ait pas eu lieu dans le cas des Trapps du Deccan malgré des caractéristiques mantelliques similaires. Cette différence peut être attribuée à la plus grande épaisseur de la plaque indienne, ainsi qu'à l'existence de zones de faiblesses, liées à l'héritage tectonique du bouclier indien. Ces zones de faiblesses auraient facilité le passage des magmas à travers la plaque de manière à ce qu'une faible proportion d'entre eux seulement ait été impliquée dans les processus de délamination lithospherique. Un ensemble de données géochimiques sur olivine ainsi que de modélisation des liquides magmatiques primaires et de leur source pour les Trapps du Deccan nous ont permis de montrer 1) l'importante contribution d'une source pyroxenitique à la composition des liquide magmatiques primaires (65%), 2) que la gamme de températures potentielles de ces mêmes sources avait due être de l'ordre de 1600°C et 3) que ces dernières contenaient environ 15% de matériel crustal recyclé. Des mesures et calculs similaires appliquées aux laves de la Réunion ont, par ailleurs, montrés des résultats très différents : 50% de liquides pyroxenitiques dans les liquides magmatiques primaires, une température potentielle mantellique de l'ordre de 1500°C et une teneur des sources magmatiques en matériel crustal recyclé de l'ordre de 7%. Ces résultats sont compatibles avec le modèle de panache matellique pour la mise en place des provinces magmatiques et des iles océaniques ainsi qu'avec l'hypothèse du refroidissement séculaire de ces mêmes panaches. Nous en concluons que l'éruption des Trapps du Deccan fut un événement d'une rapidité exceptionnelle et que son implication dans la crise biologique de la fin du Crétacé fut sans doute particulièrement importante
This PhD aims to build on the previous work by Alexander V. Sobolev and colleagues on crustal recycling within the Earth mantle and LIPs/ocean island magmatism. The PhD focus will be to apply petrology and geochemistry coupled with high-resolution paleomagnetism, and thermo-mechanical modelling in order to constrain the deep processes behind the Deccan Traps (mantle melting and crustal recycling) as well as the consequences at the surface of the Earth (eruption rates and related degassing). Upon revisiting published time constraints on the Deccan eruptions (radiometric dating, paleomagnetism, inter-flow weathering profiles and paleoenvironmental data), we propose a new, paleomagnetism-based (Chenet et al., 2008, 2009), eruption scenario for the Main Deccan Province (Western Ghats). We suggest that the main phase of volcanic activity occurred just before and ended at the Cretaceous-Palaeogene boundary and was responsible for the emplacement of about 1.106km3 of lavas in ~50kyr. This is equivalent to 150 to 200 times present-day eruption rates in Hawaii. Coupling of the paleomagnetism-based timeframe with bulk-rock trace element concentrations revealed that Western Ghats lavas feature 1) a strong garnet signature (Heavy Rare Earth Element depletion), indicative of a deep origin and 2) significant temporal variations in the intensity of crustal assimilation undergone by the rising melts, especially just before the Cretaceous-Palaeogene boundary. We suggest that these excursions are part of a single and localized plume-induced lithospheric erosion event of the Indian lithosphere by the Deccan plume. A comparison of the Deccan Traps with the Siberian Traps exposes significant geodynamical differences. Most notably, the widespread and extensive lithospheric erosion observed in the Siberian Traps did not take place in the Deccan Traps, despite similar mantle characteristics. This difference is attributed to 1) a thicker Indian lithosphere and 2) to the existence of weaknesses in the form of pre-existing structural lineaments. These pre-existing structures facilitated the passage of deep mantle-derived magmas and thus precluded or limited their involvement in a freezing-delamination process. Olivine geochemistry and olivine-based primary melt and source modelling in Deccan Traps lavas showed 1) large contributions of pyroxenite-derived melts (65%) to the primary melts, 2) high potential temperatures of the mantle sources (~1590-1600°C) and 3) that the mantle sources of Deccan Traps magmas contained ~15% of recycled crustal material. These observations contrast with those obtained from Réunion Island lavas (50% of pyroxenite-derived melts, mantle potential temperatures of 1490-1500°C and 7% of recycled crustal material in the sources of Réunion Island magmas. Our results are compatible with the plume model for LIPs and ocean island magmatism as well as with a secular cooling of mantle plumes. We conclude, along with many authors, that the emplacement of the Deccan Traps was a remarkably swift and catastrophic event at the end of the Cretaceous and that it likely played a significant role in the end-Cretaceous mass extinction

This thesis aims to challenge the conventional assumption about the irreversibility of the decline of the textile industry in developed countries. It is argued that the decline can be reversed if mature textile firms can break away from their traditional routines and practices and radically and continuously change their technologies, markets and organisational structure to adapt to the rapidly changing business environment. Using the European textile industry as a case study, this thesis shows that a number of European countries, including Germany and The Netherlands, have managed to bypass the maturity-trap -a phenomenon commonly found in large mature firms because of an inability to adapt to changing external conditions- through industrial reconfiguration from the 1960s onwards. The majority of the industry, however, has been in relative decline over the past decade as the market has become much more competitive and consequently made their old strategies obsolete. Under such circumstances there is an urgent need to turn the industry around. Learning from the failure of the Courtaulds (UK) and the success of Ten Cate (NL) and Freudenberg (DE), the thesis illustrates how the maturity-trap can take hold and how the process of de-maturity can be initiated at the firm level. The case study of Marzotto highlights how the danger of the maturity-trap is now no longer just a British phenomenon. This once highly successful firm is now in great danger of falling into the maturity-trap. The issue at stake is the long-term survival of the European textile industry and how rapidly its long-term competitiveness can be restored.

Une eetude magnetostratigraphique de la limite jurassique/cretace au maroc permet de discuter les possibilites de correlation stratigraphique en l'absence d'une biostratigraphie bien etablie. Avec des donnees du forage de cony, on met en evidence des series triasiques et permiennes. Les resultats paleomagnetiques permettent de preciser la derive des poles magnetiques de l'eurasie. On modelise aussi le champ magnetique a l'interieur d'un forage

Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) specifically targets mRNAs with premature translation termination codons for rapid degradation. NMD is a highly conserved translation-dependent mRNA decay pathway, and its core Upf factors are thought to be recruited to prematurely terminating mRNP complexes, possibly through the release factors that orchestrate translation termination. Upf1 is the central regulator of NMD and recent studies have challenged the notion that this protein is specifically targeted to aberrant, nonsense-containing mRNAs. Rather, it has been proposed that Upf1 binds to most mRNAs in a translation-independent manner. In this thesis, I investigated the nature of Upf1 association with its substrates in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Using biochemical and genetic approaches, the basis for Upf1 interaction with ribosomes was evaluated to determine the specificity of Upf1 association with ribosomes, and the extent to which such binding is dependent on prior association of Upf1’s interacting partners. I discovered that Upf1 is specifically associated with Rps26 of the 40S ribosomal subunit, and that this association requires the N-terminal Upf1 CH domain. In addition, using selective ribosome profiling, I investigated when during translation Upf1 associates with ribosomes and showed that Upf1 binding was not limited to polyribosomes that were engaged in translating NMD substrate mRNAs. Rather, Upf1 associated with translating ribosomes on most mRNAs, binding preferentially as ribosomes approached the 3’ ends of open reading frames. Collectively, these studies provide new mechanistic insights into NMD and the dynamics of Upf1 during translation.

Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) specifically targets mRNAs with premature translation termination codons for rapid degradation. NMD is a highly conserved translation-dependent mRNA decay pathway, and its core Upf factors are thought to be recruited to prematurely terminating mRNP complexes, possibly through the release factors that orchestrate translation termination. Upf1 is the central regulator of NMD and recent studies have challenged the notion that this protein is specifically targeted to aberrant, nonsense-containing mRNAs. Rather, it has been proposed that Upf1 binds to most mRNAs in a translation-independent manner. In this thesis, I investigated the nature of Upf1 association with its substrates in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Using biochemical and genetic approaches, the basis for Upf1 interaction with ribosomes was evaluated to determine the specificity of Upf1 association with ribosomes, and the extent to which such binding is dependent on prior association of Upf1’s interacting partners. I discovered that Upf1 is specifically associated with Rps26 of the 40S ribosomal subunit, and that this association requires the N-terminal Upf1 CH domain. In addition, using selective ribosome profiling, I investigated when during translation Upf1 associates with ribosomes and showed that Upf1 binding was not limited to polyribosomes that were engaged in translating NMD substrate mRNAs. Rather, Upf1 associated with translating ribosomes on most mRNAs, binding preferentially as ribosomes approached the 3’ ends of open reading frames. Collectively, these studies provide new mechanistic insights into NMD and the dynamics of Upf1 during translation.

With only two ingredients, atomic nuclei exhibit a rich structure depending on the ordering of the different proton- and neutron-occupied states. This ordering can give rise to excited states with exceptionally long half-lives, also known as isomers, especially near shell closures. On-line mass spectrometry can often be compromised by the existence of such states that may even be produced in higher proportion than the ground state. This thesis presents the first results obtained from a nuclear spectroscopy setup coupled with the high-resolution Penning-trap mass spectrometer ISOLTRAP, at CERN’s radioactive ion beam facility ISOLDE. The isomerism in the neutron-deficient thallium isotopes was investigated. The data on 184,190,193−195 Tl allow an improvement of existing mass values as well as a mass-spin-state assignment in 190,193,194 Tl. Due to the presence of the ground and isomeric state for 194 Tl the excitation energy of the latter was determined for the first time experimentally. Systematic trends in the vicinity of the Z = 82 shell closure have been discussed.

La future installation SPIRAL2 du GANIL, à Caen, permettra de produire une gamme étendue de noyaux exotiques avec des intensités très importantes. Cependant, ces faisceaux ne pourront pas être directement utilisés pour réaliser certaines études de haute précision et devront d'abord être purifiés. C'est pour réaliser ce travail que des équipes du CENBG, du MPIK (Heidelberg), du CSNSM, du LPC Caen, du GANIL et de l'IPNO développent un double-piège de Penning dans le cadre du projet PIPERADE. Ce double-piège nécessitant un travail de mise en forme préalable du faisceau (diminution de l'émittance transverse et mise en paquet), le CENBG est en charge de la réalisation d'un refroidisseur-regroupeur quadripolaire radiofréquence : le GPIB. C'est ce développement qui a constitué la majeure partie de mon travail de thèse, notamment en ce qui concerne les simulations de ce refroidisseur-regroupeur dont les résultats ont permis de trouver une méthode innovante pour la mise en paquet et de valider sa conception mécanique. Nous disposons également d'une source d'ions afin de pouvoir tester le GPIB et le double-piège et il m'a fallu la remonter, la comprendre et la caractériser pour que ces tests soient ensuite possibles. Dans un second temps j'ai aussi participer à l'analyse de l'expérience E622S menée au GANIL et qui avait pour but de déterminer précisément la demi-vie de 17F. Ce travail n'a pas permis d'améliorer la précision sur la demi-vie de 17F mais nous avons cependant quelques doutes sur les 2 précédentes mesures et sur leur détermination du taux de contamination de leurs échantillons
The future SPIRAL2 installation of GANIL, at Caen, will produce large range of exotic nuclei with very high intensities. Nevertheless, these beams could not be used directly for some high precision studies and will have to be purified first. To achieve this work, teams of CENBG, MPIK (Heidelberg), CSNSM, LPC Caen, GANIL and IPNO develop a double Penning trap in the framework of the PIPERADE project. Because this double Penning-trap needs some shaping work (reduction of transverse emittance and bunching), the CENBG team is in charge of the realisation of a radio-frequency quadrupole cooler and buncher : the GPIB. This developpement work was the main part of my PhD work, especially for the simulations of this cooler buncher whose results lead us to find a new bunching method and allowed us to approve its mechanical design. We also have an ion source to be able to test both GPIB and Penning trap and I had to reassemble it, to understand it and to characterise it before these tests could be achieved. In a second time I also took part to the analysis of the E622S experiment which aimed to determined precisely the 17F half-life. This work did not lead to a more precise determination of this half-life but we now have some doubts concerning the 2 last measurements and their way to determine the contamination rate of their radioactive samples

The several million years preceding the Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary has been the focus of many studies. Changes in ocean circulation and sea level, extinctions, and major volcanic events have all been documented for this interval. Important research questions these changes raise include the climate dynamics during the warm, but not hot, time after the decay of the Late Cretaceous greenhouse interval and the stability of ecosystems prior to the mass extinctions at the end-Cretaceous. I document several biotic perturbations as well as changes in ocean circulation during the Maastrichtian stage of the latest Cretaceous that question whether the biosphere was being preconditioned for the end-Cretaceous extinction. The first event at Shatsky Rise in the tropical North Pacific was the brief acme of inoceramid clams at ~71 Ma, followed by their abrupt extinction during the “mid-Maastrichtian event” at 70.1 Ma. The second is an intriguing dissolution event that began ~67.8 Ma at Ocean Drilling Program Site 1209 (2387 m). The dissolution event is marked by very poor planktic foraminiferal preservation and sharply reduced calcareous plankton diversity. The shift into the dissolution interval was initially gradual, then rapid. Within the late Maastrichtian dissolution interval, the planktic/benthic (P/B) ratio is low, planktic foraminifera are highly fragmented, larger taxa are mostly absent, small taxa are relatively abundant, and planktic foraminifera and nannofossil species richness are low. The event is followed by an abrupt recovery in carbonate preservation ~300 kyr prior to the K/Pg boundary. Was the dissolution event caused by a change in deep water circulation, migration of the site out of the high productivity tropical belt, or ocean acidification associated with Deccan Traps volcanism? Our data show that changing deep water masses, coupled with reduced productivity and associated decrease in pelagic carbonate flux was responsible for the dissolution interval, while Deccan Traps volcanism may have caused surface ocean acidification ~200-kyr prior to the K/Pg mass extinction event.

Retail services are a main contributor to municipal budget and are an activity that affects perceived quality-of-life, especially for those with mobility difficulties (e.g. the elderly, low income citizens). However, there is evidence of a decline in some of the services market towns provide to their citizens. In market towns, this decline has been reported all over the western world, from North America to Australia. The aim of this research was to understand retail decline and enlighten on some ways of addressing this decline, using a case study, Thornbury, a small town in the Southwest of England. Data collected came from two participatory approaches: photo-surveys and multicriteria mapping. The interpretation of data came from using participants as analysts, but also, using systems thinking (systems diagramming and social trap theory) for theory building. This research moves away from mainstream economic and town planning perspectives by making use of different methods and concepts used in anthropology and visual sociology (photo-surveys), decision-making and ecological economics (multicriteria mapping and social trap theory). In sum, this research has experimented with different methods, out of their context, to analyse retail decline in a small town. This research developed a conceptual model for retail decline and identified the existence of conflicting goals and interests and their implications for retail decline, as well as causes for these. Most of the potential causes have had little attention in the literature. This research also identified that some of the measures commonly used for dealing with retail decline may be contributing to the causes of retail decline itself. Additionally, this research reviewed some of the measures that can be used to deal with retail decline, implications for policy-making and reflected on the use of the data collection and analysis methods in the context of small to medium towns.
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) - SFRH/BD/18535/2004/2853

Tese de mestrado em Ciências Geofísicas, apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Ciências, 2010
A crise do Cretácico-Paleogénico foi uma das maiores crises biológicas que afectaram a Terra durante o Fanerozóico. Actualmente, ainda existe um forte debate sobre a natureza e origem desta extinção em massa: a ideia de que um grande impacto de meteorito poderia causar uma extinção em massa opõe-se à de uma origem terrestre ligada às erupções vulcânicas de basaltos continentais de uma vasta região na Índia (Deccan traps). Apesar de já existir uma considerável quantidade de dados geológicos desta altura, o sincronismo entre extinções de massa e o impacto de meteorito e/ou as erupções vulcânicas ainda não está comprovado. Estas limitações surgem devido à escassez de secções geológicas marítimas completas e à dificuldade em correlacionar sequências separadas, onde os marcadores de impactos apenas existem em níveis estratigráficos extremamente finos. Neste trabalho testou-se uma abordagem original, combinando a susceptibilidade magnética de alta resolução (uma amostra por cada cm de sedimentos), a mineralogia magnética, a análise espectral e a quimioestratigrafia, nos sedimentos do Cretácico-Paleogénico da Bacia Cantábrica, na Espanha e França, para estudar as alterações ambientais, antes e depois da fronteira Cretácico-Paleogénico. A variação da susceptibilidade magnética ao longo de um perfil estratigráfico geralmente reflecte os ciclos climáticos (i.e. ciclos de Milankovitch), enquanto os eventos brutais como o impacto de um meteorito, ou grandes erupções vulcânicas são registados por um sinal “anómalo” (acíclico), facilmente detectável através de análises espectrais ao sinal magnético. Por outro lado, atendendo ao facto de que os sedimentos marinhos registam as condições da água do mar durante a fase de deposição, os dados de quimiostratigrafia podem fornecer pistas importantes sobre o impacto catastrófico desses eventos na biosfera. Os nossos resultados revelaram que a fronteira do K/Pg é caracterizada por uma abruta anomalia positiva da susceptibilidade magnética interpretada como sendo o resultado de um aumento súbito do fluxo de detritos terrígenos para o ambiente marítimo, essencialmente, devido ao aumento de erosão continental induzida pelo impacto em Chicxulub. As várias anomalias de susceptibilidade magnética verificadas antes e depois da fronteira estão correlacionadas com alterações significativas nos índices de diversidade biológica, sugerindo que esses eventos geradores destas anomalias na susceptibilidade magnética tiveram um impacto considerável na biosfera. Particularmente, verificámos uma mudança abruta nos valores de susceptibilidade e de χARM, abaixo da fronteira Cretácico-Paleogénico, a cerca de 14 ka, que também foi observada noutras secções distantes da nossa, por exemplo em Gubbio (Itália) e em Abat (Oman), corroborando com a hipótese de um impacto global pré-Chixculub. Adicionalmente, um aumento registado neste nível dos elementos sensíveis às condições redox, leva a supor que o oceano já se encontrava anóxico antes de o impacto acontecer. Mesmo que a natureza exacta do evento responsável por esta anomalia pré-K/Pg ainda esteja por desvendar (impacto/traps), estes resultados preliminares são a favor de um cenário de múltiplas causas para a extinção em massa do Cretácico-Paleogénico.
The Cretaceous-Paleogene crisis is one of the major biological crises that affected the Earth at Phanerozoic times. There is still an acrimonious debate about the nature and origin of this mass extinction: proponents of the idea that large bolide impact caused the mass extinctions are opposed to those who are in favour of a terrestrial origin linked to continental flood basalt eruptions of the Deccan Traps. Despite the availability of considerable geological databases, the synchronism between mass extinctions and meteorite impact and/or volcanic eruptions is not yet proven. Limitations arise in part from the paucity of continuous marine sections and to the difficulty in correlating separated sequences where ejecta markers only exist within very thin stratigraphic levels. Here we have tested a new and original approach combining high-resolution (1sample/cm) magnetostratigraphy susceptibility, magnetic mineralogy, spectral analysis and chemostratigraphy on the Cretaceous-Paleogene sediments of the Basque Cantabric Basin, Spain and France to study the environmental changes before and after the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary. The variation of magnetic susceptibility along a stratigraphic profile is usually reflects climate cycles (i.e., Milankovitch cycles), while catastrophic events as meteorite impact or large volcanic eruptions are recorded by an "anomalous" (acyclic) signal that can be easily detected by spectral analysis of the magnetic signal. On the other hand, because marine sediments are known to record paleonvironnmental conditions of the seawater at deposition time, chemostratigraphic data can provide better constrains of the impact of these catastrophic event on the biosphere. Our results show that the K-Pg boundary is characterized by an abrupt positive shift in magnetic susceptibility values interpreted to result from a rapid and sudden flux into the marine environment of a detrital component due to terrestrial erosion driven by the Chicxulub impact. Several magnetic susceptibility anomalies below and after the boundary are correlated to significant shifts in the biodiversity indexes suggesting that the events that generated these magnetic anomalies had a notable impact on the biosphere. Particularly, an abrupt shift of magnetic susceptibility values and χARM values is located just below the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, at around 14 kyr, and is also present in other distant sections, such as the Gubbio (Italy) and Abat (Oman) sections suggesting the existence of a global pre-KT event. In addition, increase of redox sensitive elements at this level indicates that the anoxia of the ocean already took place. Even if the exact nature of the global event (impact/traps) responsible for the pre-KT anomaly remains to be determined, these preliminary results are in favour of a multiple cause scenario forthe Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction.

The objective of this diploma thesis is search processing of tourism, his problematics and protection of the nature. In the other part this thesis deal with analysis of hiking trail in Labske piskovce PLA in focus of potentional atractive with proposal of new hiking trails in this location. Analysis containe all hiking trails in this location according to colored tourism distinction of trails. Proposal of new hiking trails was formed with regard on protection of nature thus at the same time was surrounding area approached for visitors as much as possible. Proposal comprise new and turisty often attended attractiviness. This proposal can produce increase of attractiviness in this district and the influx of new turists.

With only two ingredients, atomic nuclei exhibit a rich structure depending on the ordering of the different proton- and neutron-occupied states. This ordering can give rise to excited states with exceptionally long half-lives, also known as isomers, especially near shell closures. On-line mass spectrometry can often be compromised by the existence of such states that may even be produced in higher proportion than the ground state. This thesis presents the first results obtained from a nuclear spectroscopy setup coupled with the high-resolution Penning-trap mass spectrometer ISOLTRAP, at CERN’s radioactive ion beam facility ISOLDE. The isomerism in the neutron-deficient thallium isotopes was investigated. The data on 184,190,193−195 Tl allow an improvement of existing mass values as well as a mass-spin-state assignment in 190,193,194 Tl. Due to the presence of the ground and isomeric state for 194 Tl the excitation energy of the latter was determined for the first time experimentally. Systematic trends in the vicinity of the Z = 82 shell closure have been discussed.