Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Décentralisation dans la gestion'
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Abbes, Heithem. "Approches de décentralisation de la gestion des ressources dans les Grilles de PC." Paris 13, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA132012.
Full textDesktop Grids provide computing and storage power, with a low economic cost, through the federation of free resources. Their performance relies strongly on the voluntary participation of users who make their machines available when these are idle. Several criteria such as number and volatility of resources, security and the low performance of communications, make resources management, in desktop grids, a great challenge. We are interested in designing decentralized approaches for resources management in desktop grids. We began with a performance study of resources discovery protocols. Then, we designed and developed our first desktop grid system, called BonjourGrid, aiming to deploy existing computing systems while decentralizing resources management. With BonjourGrid, it is possible to build, on demand, a computing system specifying the scheduler type, the resources number, etc. Then, we proposed a second decentralized and fault tolerant desktop grid system, called PastryGrid. It is able to manage distributed applications with precedences between tasks. It is based on a distributed hash table using structured networks. Its principle is to create, for each application, a runtime environment dynamically and without recourse to any central element. Its coordination approach is collaborative and decentralized
Dhaoui, Abderrazak. "Décentralisation de la recherche et développement dans les firmes multinationales : entre performance et gestion des résultats." Reims, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REIME003.
Full textSidi, Mohamed Ould Abdayem. "La décentralisation en Mauritanie : aspects juridiques et socioculturels." Paris 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA020090.
Full textGeoffroy, Cécile. "La résilience organisationnelle en contexte extrême : l’équilibre centralisation/décentralisation dans la gestion de l’accident de Fukushima Daiichi." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CNAM1245/document.
Full textThe aim of this research if to develop a model of entry to resilience for organizations facing extreme events. The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident is used as a case study. The accident is analyzed through the testimony of the Site Superintendent Masao Yoshida and the investigation reports. The goal is to answer the following questions: what are the conditions to assess resilience during the Fukushima Daiichi accident? What shape did the resilience take in this context? What processes have been activated particularly during the initiation of the resilience process?A specific methodology is produced to analyze Masao Yoshida’s testimony. This methodology also proves the usefulness of such a material to develop feedbacks in industrial organizations. The thesis draws lessons from the accident and defines an evaluation grid to study the precarious equilibrium between on-site and off-site that is highlighted by the data used. The provided model defines the processual and emerging logic of entry to resilience
Bousnina, Zohra. "Efficacité et modes de gestion des associations dans la dynamique de la lutte contre la pauvreté." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010036.
Full textThe evolutions of economical ans social systems in France and in other countries since the begining of the seventies generated many exclusions. In this work, we try to analyse the kinds of answers to poverty and precarity situations. Our preocupations concern specialy the place and the role of associations with regard to the existence of two actors : the government and local collectvities. We analyse in this thesis the objectives and the instruments of each of these actors and we try to illustrate their combinations and their convergences
Legait, Anne. "L'Integration : quels impacts sur la spécification d'un système de gestion de production assistée par ordinateur ?" Lyon, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAL0011.
Full textNow a days, most industrial leaders must face up to a really changing economic context and to an organizational context complexity. Therefore it is more and more necessary to be able to identify the kinds of disturbances, in a global point of view taking the very strong interdependences of production functions into consideration. That is the way computer integration concept is unaffectedly born. In addition, the diversity of kinds of production systems and production management methods combined with a very wide range of computer techniques, can explain that managers have a lot of difficulties to choose and set up the suitable production computer system. To solve the problem we first intend to study the impact the choice of an integrated decision structure would have on the production s stems characters as on the manufacturing functions
Destoup, Aurélie. "Le management de la créativité dans les entreprises : étude comparative du management de la créativité dans deux entreprises du multimédia." Montpellier 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON30067.
Full textCreativity is often confused with innovation. Creativity and innovation involve two different processes each having different objectives and ways of reaching them. Creativity is a process during which a person or a group of people draw upon their skills, resources and knowledge to conceive, develope and exploit ideas to develop new products, processes or services. Which are unexpected in a given organisational framework. At this present moment in time, faced with the globalisation of markets and the ever increasing competitiveness of companies. , creativity is becoming an essential condition of survival. However, it seems that the importance given to creativity in companoes is, to say the least, inadaquate or even inexistant. Indeed, creativity in companies is often confused with innovation. This comes back to the fact that it isn’t managed at all. The aim of this thesis is to clarify what we understand by someone’s creativity in a company and to identify the key varaibles with regards to how it’s managed. We shall address the following questions. What are the factors which help foster someone’s creativity in a company? How is creatiivity mananged in companies? In order to answer these questions, we have carried out several case studes based on field research conducted in a multimedia environment. Our study is based on a descriptive analyses which compares the creative processes in two Multimedia companies, supported by an analyses of the data. The thesis takes into account the factors which enhance creativity and also those which inhibit it. In a professional environment. It will also show how the management of creativity is conditionioned by human will
Farthouat, Pascale. "Contribution à l'amélioration de la réactivité dans les systèmes de production notamment par la mise en oeuvre des concepts de décentralisation des fonctions de décision." Aix-Marseille 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX30088.
Full textDao, Thi Bich Hanh. "La décentralisation budgétaire au Vietnam : processus et perspectives." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010306.
Full textBudget decentralization in Vietnam is part of the transition process from a centrally planned economic model to a market economy model. This evolution is the result of the "Renewal" (Doi Moi) policy in the country officially launched in 1986. Designated by the term "decentralization of management" in Vietnamese Law (1955) and developed in the first Law on the State Budget (1996), decentralization in budgetary matters has seen many important reforms. However, in the current context, the complex structure of the budget system and the tangled relations between its different levels can no longer meet the requirements of sustainable socio-economic development. This leads to a thought of a thorough reflection on the process, principles, factors and the status of budgetary decentralization in Vietnam. Prospects for the budget's future are then proposed with strong emphasis on streamlining the system, a rebalancing of the financial relations between the central government and local authorities
Vargas, Marcelo. "GESTION MUNICIPALE VS. GESTION ETATIQUE DES SERVICES D'EAU ET D'ASSAINISSEMENT DANS LA RÉGION MÉTROPOLITAINE DE SAO PAULO : ACTEURS, TERRITOIRES ET REGULATION." Phd thesis, Université Paris XII Val de Marne, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00345073.
Full textl'organisation institutionnelle des services d'eau potable et d'assainissement au Brésil depuis le début des années 70, cherchant à comprendre leurs différentes logiques de fonctionnement et de régulation, leurs contraintes et leurs effets contraignants respectifs tels qu'ils se manifestent sur le terrain municipal
Fall, Moustapha Cissé. "Gestion foncière et décentralisation au Sénégal dans le contexte des acquisitions foncières à grande échelle : le cas de la commune de Ngnith dans le département de Dagana." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BOR30001/document.
Full textIn Senegal since the 2000s, different agricultural policies and public programs have been enacted by the regimes of Abdoulaye Wade (2000-2012) and Macky Sall (2010 to the present) with the goal of, among others, opening up the sector to more liberal policies that they have supported. This desire to liberalize comes during a national context characterized by reforms enacted in 1996 giving an increased autonomy to the local collectivities in their management of land resources. The international context was similarly marked by the international financial institutions, notably the World Bank, advocating similar liberal policies, pushing for the modernization of the sector and an increase in productivity. By examining the installation of two agro-industrial companies (Senhuile and West Africa Farms) in the commune of Ngnith in the Saint Louis region, this study attempts to reveal to what degree this commune exercises its decentralized land management responsibilities in this new context of liberalization. The case studies retrace the different steps in the acquisition of land by these companies and the roles of the different actors involved in this process (the State, agro-industrial companies, rural communities, the commune of Ngnith, local populations, etc.). The study also analyses the different modes of production of these companies as well as the impacts and multiple risks resulting from their establishment. The results obtained, principally through interviews and semi-structured surveys conducted near the different locations of these companies, have generally shown that the current practice of decentralization in this commune cannot alone explain the establishment of these companies. Rather, the analysis reveals a three-fold process: the strong involvement of the State despite transferring the authority to the commune, the decisive role of a part of the local population, and the complexity of land acquisition strategies used by the companies
Toure, El Hadj. "Décentralisation et gouvernance locale: les effets sociopolitiques de la gestion foncière décentralisée dans la communauté rurale de Ross Béthio (Delta du fleuve Sénégal)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26728/26728.pdf.
Full textTouré, El Hadj. "Décentralisation et gouvernance locale : les effets sociopolitique de la gestion foncière décentralisée dans la communauté rurale de Ross Béthio (Delta du fleuve Sénégal)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21256.
Full textBignoumba, Backouyanga Diane Marina. "Les enjeux de la gestion du risque environnemental dans la zone de N'Toum au Gabon : cas de l'entreprise CIMGABON." Phd thesis, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01020557.
Full textDan-Dah, Mahaman Laouali. "La gestion décentralisée des ressources naturelles au Niger : un concept juridique en question ?" Pau, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PAUU2010.
Full textThis thesis specifies the form and the legal contents of the local management of natural resources in Niger through: At first, the analysis of the different forms of users organisations. It figure out that these organisation are different of the traditional modes of access to natural resources in which case, the different activities of natural resources management are complementary. In the same space many prerogatives cohabit and force the different groups of natural resources users to hear each other for a durable exploitation. Now, mostly of users organisations are specialised, each organisation is in charge of the management of one natural resource. Some of these organisations who are not specialised don’t have legal reference, so they are not durable. The influence of land tenure issues, the concurrence of traditional authorities and the high dependence towards development project restrict the competence and the autonomy of user’s organisations. The movement in favour of local management of natural resources is ambiguous. The local administrations have some competencies in natural resources management, but the state is the owner of all these resources. Besides, their competencies are either vindicates by traditional authorities, or uncertainty because of the disparity of the legal and institutional frame. The rule uncertainty promotes the state’s intervention. It is also promoted by many co-ordination institutions and regional conventions which gave to the state many opportunities of going round the local administrations competencies. At last, the privatisation of water and wild fauna sets up a system of exclusive rights which is incompatible with a local management
Joly, Pierre. "Coopération et appartenances organisationnelles dans l'action publique : l’exemple des dispositifs de la politique de la ville." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLE019.
Full textThe report of thesis proposes, while being based on the sociology of the organizations, to revisit the evolutions of the public action. Within this framework, the identification of the network organizations interorganizational as emerging model poses the problems of the co-operation of the actors. Indeed, this kind of system is brought to make work together, without hierarchisation of there ports, the representatives of diversified mediums resulting from the private sectors and public (the departmental Council, hospital, State education, Association, service of the police…). From this point of view, work analyzes the effects produced by this heterogeneity on decision makings, the ways of conceiving the activity and on the sets of actors who result from this. On a plan macrosociologic, he is proposed a critic of the model decentralized while reconsidering his initial ambitions and by showing that this way of conceiving the publicaction in fine created as many problems as it solved some. It is in the continuity of this work that the three teaching and research orientations come to continue the analysis of the public action
Hachicha, Elleuch Salma. "Les décisions de crédit et la sélection adverse : une étude des stratégies des banques tunisiennes." Lille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL20001.
Full textThe theoretical developments relative to the asymmetric information hypothesis have allowed remodelling the analysis of relations between borrowers and lenders, in regard to customer relationships that can attenuate the adverse selection problems. The relational financing appears to be a two-fold winning game : the first, for firms which can benefit from favourable credit conditions then for banks which thus acquire more quality information. Equally, studying the behaviour of banks shows that the decentralization within the bank is-if not necessary-at least favourable to the development of such relationships. Our thesis encompasses these two main angles. A quantitative survey completed by a qualitative approach carried out on data of 122 Tunisian small and medium sized firms from 1996 to 2001 enables us to enhance the role that customer relationships play in reducing interest charges, collateral requirements and credit rationing. A questionnaire to 207 customer bank officers confirms the hypothesis according to which decentralization has a positive impact on inciting these executives to search qualitative information characterising the relational bank financing
Compaore, Jérôme. "La maîtrise et la gestion de l'eau dans un contexte de décentralisation au Burkina Faso depuis 2006 : état des lieux et perspectives dans une dynamique de développement et de communication." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020083/document.
Full textWater is source of life. Longtime ago, water has always been a central and constant concern for people. The issue of water is among the top world hot topics today, following the evidence that the world is experiencing climate change…In Burkina Faso, similarly to Mali and Niger, the constitutions stipulate, "wealth and natural resources belong to people, for their livelihood improvement”. In these countries, the historical context of the Nation-state’s creation was strongly marked by volunteered public actions, under the leadership of the States, strengthened by technical and financial supports from partners to ensure the efficient uses of water resources….The key element of the decentralization is the transfer of powers to local authorities. In all three countries we visited, the principle of progress-based subsidiarity is prevailing. In Burkina Faso, according to the mayor of Gaoua "the transfer should not be done just for fun. The current impression is the denial to transfer everything but I see this as a cautious attitude of the central government. The caution as observed is a good thing, but not a sufficient reason for not transferring all the powers to local authorities"…
Rzadca, Krzysztof. "Des modèles et des algorithmes pour la gestion des ressources dans les grilles de plusieurs organisations." Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0013.
Full textGrids are large scale supercomputers that permit coordinated usage of resources owned and controlled by different parties. The aim of this work is to study the effects of the increased decentralization in grid scheduling by means of simple mathematical models of the fundamental features that make grids djfferent trom dassic parallel computers. We employ game theorety in order to measure the consequences of deœntralized decision making by selfish participants. Our main condusion is that grids without any form of centralized control or coordination work inefflciently. The resulting 1055 of performance can be proportional to the number of jobs in the system. Yet, with some centralized control and coordination, it is possible to share the pool of available resources fairly amongst participants, so no-one looses by cooperating. Ln this context, we propose a number of scheduling algorithms for various configurations of the grid
Pires, Ferreira Ana Cristina. "La prise de décisions, participation et autonomie dans la gestion de l'éducation au Cap-Vert." Caen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CAEN1401.
Full textCoulibaly, Baba. "Quelle gestion intégrée du fleuve Niger au Mali ? : Normes, usages, régulations, territorialités locales dans les Communes riveraines des Cercles de Ségou et de Mopti." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3085.
Full textThe Niger River is now facing natural and anthropogenic threats; the solution is both in local arbitrage and in international considerations. Its rich history shows a series of regulation and local management logics depending on time and space. The Niger River has been at the center of strategies for local and colonial dominations. These modes of local controls lead more and more place for some more integrated management systems. This research focuses on the governance of the Niger River waters in Segou and Mopti. It aims to understand the dynamics of actors, especially strategies, relationships and interactions of actors around the water in the context of decentralization, but also their perceptions of the River water. The results show the complexity of water governance especially with regard to regulation and the narrow articulations between global and local dynamics. Ignorance and lack of implementation of laws governing the field of water characterize the governance of Niger River. The multiplicity of actors leads to the overlap of roles and potential conflicts of competence. The implementation of the governance involves complex relationships between multiple actors. This complexity returns to issues of territories and territorialities in particular in the interior Delta. Finally, decentralization has encouraged the direct involvement of local stakeholders in the management of local resources. But it has also exacerbated the risk of conflicts between multiple actors, in search of leadership and legitimacy around the river
Abla, Safia. "Les politiques forestières en Algérie et la gestion durable des ressources naturelles : Cas du programme emploi rural dans la région de Medea." Montpellier 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON30028.
Full textAfter its independence, Algeria was confronted with a situation of very advanced degradation characterized by a significant regression of plant place setting an intensification of the erosive phenomena of the mountainous zones and the appearance of the landscapes become depopulated in the steppe. This situation is the outcome of a set of historic and natural factors. Considering the vital importance of the national heritage and its biological variety, Algeria leads a steady policy of development of the forest sector which was characterized through the various national plans and special programs. This thesis suggests detecting the elements which made failed this policy, to plan to recommend better one management of the Algerian forest and to determine the existing links between natural resources, rural population and development policy. A series of qualitative investigations on the basis of a guide of interview was made with the agents who participate in the elaboration of the forest politics and its implementation and the rural population to be able to loosen the failures connected to this last one. This present document redraws the product in which we ended in the term of our work on the ground, however and after a presentation of the frame and our problem, said document includes three essential parts: situation of the forest sector in Algeria, situation of the forest sector in Algeria, the Program of Rural Employment for the long-lasting management of the resources
Dichkova, Vessélina. "L'action d'un service central innovation dans un groupe de services décentralisé : le cas Suez : quelle instrumentation sous-jacente." Paris, ENMP, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENMP1247.
Full textAda, Nzoughe Corine. "La gestion des déchets solides dans la commune de Libreville (Gabon) : contribution géographique à l'étude des politiques et des pratiques urbaines." Montpellier 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON30040.
Full textLibreville the capital of Gabon makes face since the end of 1980s with important problems of insalubrity in touch with the solid waste. Developed geographical approach offers an analysis of correlations between the actors, their logic and means of action in an agglomeration marked by socio-space inequality to reveal the major dysfunctions which affect the quality of the urban service of the solid waste. The recent policies of decentralization and concession still do not contribute to resolve efficiently the problems of inequality of access to the local service of the solid waste because they are the object of institutional conflicts enters les for you and the State. The technical choices of elimination of garbage implemented by SOVOG, society private concessionary, do not take into account the diversity of the situations of development and equipment of the quarters of Libreville. That's why in the popular péricentraux and peripheral quarters, the populations which live in the enclosed shoals are excluded from the collecting of garbage. It is in this context that develop the informal practices of rejection of waste certain borrowed in the middle country. On the contrary in the rich quarters, the rates of collection are well brought up. The popular initiative which develops in quarters registers in a context of gouvernance and democratization still fragile and uncertain. Of this fact the public institutions remain the central actors of the management of waste
Barraud, Claire. "Prévention et résolution des crises de la dette souveraine : la décentralisation en question." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00838599.
Full textNdao, Ibou. "Articulation entre terroirs villageois et collectivités locales dans le processus de la décentralisation : pratiques de gestion, logiques d'usage et représentation du territoire : cas de la communauté rurale de Ross Béthio au Sénégal." Toulouse 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU20004.
Full textDecentralization in rural Senegalese medium has followed a long process. Since 1972, the authorities always have posted a real will of promotion of the local participation by the means of several reforms aiming the local organization and the operation of the communities. These reforms will devote the responsabilisation of the local actors in a collective development of resources and stock management. These decentralization occurs in a context of disengagement of the State which transfers to the local communities more competences than means. Thus the rural role of the council, authority of decision elected within the rural community was to harmonize the development on the communal level of the territory. It must articulate in a coherent way the practices and logics of action of the whole of the village soils to sit as a common management space with the aim of a better integration in the various activities one the whole of the community. The interest of this research is to account for the various strategies of the socio-professional groups around the capacity transferred for the stock management. These strategies which are the cause of various conflicts between the actors, in particular between the peasants and the stockbreeders, made it possible to found a process of negotiation to find a compromised allowing a common management of the space of the community and its resources. This compromised means at the rural Community level of Ross Béthio, the installation of a Plan of Occupation and Assignment of the Grounds
Auvray, Marie-Pierre. "Projets de quartier et gestion urbaine dans la périphérie dakaroise : les interventions de l'A.F.V.P. dans les quartiers Wakhinane, Gueule Tapée II et Médina Fass Mbao (Sénégal)." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100095.
Full textBerrada, El Azizi Mohamed. "Modélisation multi-agents de la coopération au sein des chaînes logistiques à deux échelons : application à la distribution de produits pharmaceutiques au Maroc." Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA131020/document.
Full textAThis thesis is composed by two papers focusing on two-level supply chains with a monopoly supplier and N clients whose demands for the same products are correlated. The first paper studies the simultaneous impact of vertical and horizontal cooperation on the overall performance and the stability of the chain. It proposes an individual-centered multi-agents approach for studying the impact on performance of different kinds of customer behaviors associated with overstock risk and their interaction rules under possible distortion of the exchanged information. The second paper deals with pharmaceutical distribution and studies the influence of the cooperation between wholesale distributors and a unique supplier to reduce overstocks and wastes. More generally, this thesis has shown the relevance of a connectionist approach of complex supply chains with heterogeneous agents exchanging information
Kouna, Eloundou Charlotte Gisèle. "Décentralisation forestière et gouvernance locale des forêts au Cameroun : le cas des forêts communales et communautaires dans la région Est." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00795695.
Full textBignoumba, Backouyanga Diane Marina. "Les enjeux de la gestion du risque environnemental dans la zone de N'Toum au Gabon : cas de l'entreprise CIMGABON." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Littoral, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DUNK0358.
Full textThe end of 1970s in the municipality of N'Toum in the Gabun is marked by the setting-up of one of the most important ompanies of the country the specialityof which is the extraction and the manufacturing of clinker. However, the activity of the company CIMGABON has negative consequences which are translated by a considerable modification of the environmental landscape. It is to remedy this situation common to several companies of the country that Gabon opted, since the end of 1990s, under the pressure of the international authorities in particular, for an environmental policy, putting henceforth in the center of the action, the actors (political, social, environmental) taken in a logic of co-management, as condition necessary for a better management of the environment. The participation in so allowed to give a legitimacy to often rejected actors. However, these actors meet numerous difficulties constituting as full entities of this environmental management, the latter remaining thus chaotic
Kouadio, Adou François. "Acteurs locaux, gestion et développement des collectivités territoriales de Côte d'Ivoire : cas des communes de la région du Zanzan." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010733.
Full textBérard, Marie-Hélène. "Légitimité des normes environnementales et complexité du droit : l'exemple de l'utilisation des Dina dans la gestion locale de la forêt à Madagascar (1996-2006)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20946.
Full textMardiansjah, Fadjar Hari. "Urbanisation durable des territoires et politiques de développement urbain en Indonésie : étude de trois kabupaten en voie d’urbanisation rapide dans l’île de Java." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1187/document.
Full textUrban change in Indonesia has been faced to an increasing pattern in which the urbanization process has also been taken place in a regional scale. In this process, small and medium cities have also been facing the densification process of urban growth and facing the process of concentration of urban activities. However, not all of small and medium cities in Indonesia can be considered prepared to face the process of urbanization as well as densification and the concentration of urban activities; because not all of them are municipal cities that are prepared for managing the development and urbanization process. Most of them are non municipal towns, which are located in the territory of kabupaten, a non urban region in Indonesia. This research focuses on the process of urbanization of kabupaten in Indonesia, which has formed and developed small and medium cities as the place where most of the urban growth in the kabupaten took place. The objective of the study is to contribute, in this context, to the understanding of the mechanisms of urban development of small and medium cities in developing countries, with reference to the situation in the kabupaten in Indonesia. The research analyses the urbanization process in the kabupaten, and the policy responses of local government to meet the demands of the urbanization process in the region, in responding the pressures of urbanization of their region. The study focuses on two main contexts. The first context is the urbanization process in the kabupaten, especially those in the Java Island, the densest populated island in the archipelago. The region is also the first region to know the regional dimension of urbanization since the 1980s, which resulted in the increase of the urban population in the kabupaten. In addition, this analysis also relates to the comprehension to the key problems arising in the urbanization process of the kabupaten, in the perspective of sustainable development. The second context is the analysis of urban development policies adopted by the local authority and the weaknesses of the government of the kabupaten in dealing with their urbanization process. From the comparative element resulting from the analysis of these institutions to urban development in the kabupaten, the research will confront the local perception on urban development, the policies adopted to deal with the problems, and the weaknesses in urban development policies at the local level. By doing so, the research puts into perspective the conditions for a possible improvement in the local capacities in managing their urbanization and urban development process, their alignment with local realities and their relevance to the challenges of sustainable development. Hence, it is expected that this study provides a better understanding regarding current conditions and how to improve the future of urban development institutions in the kabupaten, in accordance with sustainable development issues
Mbianga, Jean-Gilles. "Contribution à l'étude des déterminants des politiques de prix de cession interne." Paris 9, 1998. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1998PA090006.
Full textTransfer pricing policies differ from one organization to another and the reason for these divergences arc not sufficiently known. The objective of our research is the study of their determinants. The first part of the thesis is dedicated to the signification context of transfer pricing, that is to say the decentralization of the management and the traditional model of control often related to it (the sloan-brown model). An analysis of the literature shows the diversity of theoretical recommendations and the contingency of empirical studies. Resort to the new theories of the firm (agency theory and transaction costs more particularly) provides a renewed analysis framework for the study of transfer pricing. The second part of the thesis deals with our methodology of research. In this part, we explain both our conceptual framework and research process. A four-case study in the third part shows the impact of some context factors (strategies, management styles, management control systems), the attributes of transactions (uncertainty and specificity), and the parties (asymetry of information) in the choice of transfer prices. Of all those determinants, strategy appears as the main factor around which lays this choice
Robillard, Marine. "Pygmées Baka et voisins dans la tourmente des politiques environnementales en Afrique centrale." Phd thesis, Museum national d'histoire naturelle - MNHN PARIS, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00863420.
Full textMardiansjah, Fadjar Hari, and Fadjar Hari Mardiansjah. "Urbanisation durable des territoires et politiques de développement urbain en Indonésie : étude de trois kabupaten en voie d'urbanisation rapide dans l'île de Java." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00995601.
Full textPolanco, López de Mesa Jorge Andrés. "L'État décentralisé à l'épreuve de la gouvernance : protection de l'environnement, développement économique et incertitude dans un territoire émergent : le cas du Système de Paramos Hauts-Andins d'Antioquia (Colombie)." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0142.
Full textThis work proposes an understanding about governance limitations and alternatives of an emergent territory influenced by agglomeration in the Colombian Andes. The method of understanding seeks a space-time multicriterial représentation through scenarios of the relationship between economical development and environment protection. These scenarios have minimal uncertainty and they are set upon management of data about farming border, socioeconomics of inhabitants and public action. The identified limitations for territorial governance show a dysfunctional "sustainable development". Regulation is even more limited because participation is not reached and economical issues are unknown, making interest diverge. Intervention of decentralized State is particularly demanded. Weakened by structural adjustment, this intervention becomes very influenced by decentralization. However, it counts on a better knowledge of its limits that allows to foresee a more efficient regulation of territory
Nahuet, Robert. "La vision minimaliste du principe de respect des fonds : le cas des archives de l'Université Laval." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28424.
Full textAzemar, de Fabrègues Tiberghien Muriel d'. "Décentralisation de la gestion des ressources humaines." Paris 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA020033.
Full textWe have looked for an answer to the following two problems : in one way, to reveal the caracteristics of decentralization in organized establishments, and in another way the research of effects of the decentralization on the social and the general functionning of the company in particular. We put forth a formular which comprases two equivalent variables of organization : "a decentralized structure" and "a decentralized power of decision". From the time of which there is a distribution of power of decision in organization, we have identified the caracteristics of the decentralization : dimension, degree, assessment. This model of specification of the form of decentralization applicable in a general way to organizations, has been applied to decision making of human resources management practised in companies : recruitment, human resources planning of, career management, remuneration, quality circles, training, industriel relations. A systematic approach has allowed us to see the effects of decentralization. In one way, it shows the evolutions of individual and group behavior and the modifications of power relationships, and in another way the variations in organizational dimensions of the company (differenciation, standardization, formalization, planification and control). A conclusion on the efficiency in relation to the organizational profile of decentralization of the company has been put forth
Dakouo, Alain Bessiba. "La problématique de l'information territoriale et ses enjeux majeurs dans les pays du Sud : stratégie, méthodologie et projet pilote dans un pays en développement, le Mali." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC007/document.
Full textIn Africa, decentralization takes place in contexts that vary from country to country: the need to reform the Government following a crisis, the desire to establish local democracy to compensate for central or even dictatorial power, sometimes even the Government 's inability to provide basic socio-economic services such as health, education, drinking water, etc.In West Africa, decentralization was often accompanied by a redrawing of territories in the 1990s. Most West African countries have created three levels of local authorities: the Region, the Department (Cercle in Mali) and the Commune. This leads to a need for territory management and planning on several scales (inventory, monitoring of the environmental impact of development, sanitation, natural resource management, rural economic development, health, education, hydraulics and risk management). In the context of a growing need for information, development partners recognize the usefulness of the Geographic Information System (GIS) as a tool for decision making. The creation of different ministries in connection with geographic information in Mali requires pooling of skills centered on geomatics. Indeed, while each Institution and sectoral ministry has its own thematic data, their valuation is hampered by a high dispersion and disparity of geographical and cartographic data.How to share a common geospatial and territorial system across a town hall, a local authority, an NGO, the Government as well as other partners working on the same territorial? What territorial information strategy for a country like Mali?The aim of this thesis is to create, according to the concepts, methods, and technologies of current geography and statistics, a tool to support decision making in a context of overlapping responsibilities/actions and decentralization, designed to take a decisive step forward for the benefit of local territorial planning, by making coherent and available the geolocalized data necessary for an effective spatial planning policy. This strategic perspective implies going back to the distribution of powers, the ratio between free and paid software, participative information (societal, social, ethnic aspects, etc.) and the development of geographical information in Mali.An information strategy is in fact an essential prerequisite for any planning and development strategy. This thesis is an innovative project that will aim to provide answers on the implementation of such a strategy of multi-source and multi-stakeholder spatial information management in a developing country
Durand, Rémi. "De la contre-culture à l'« évangélisme technologique » : les développeurs et la révolution du smartphone." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0066.
Full textWe live, for more than half a century, what some call a "third industrial revolution", that of personal computers, of smartphones and more recently of internet of things. If these technical systems impress by their power and by the new possibilities that they open, they remain platforms which, in themselves, have no utility. What gives them their use value are essentially applications that they offer to their users, and these are not necessarily developed by companies that produce these platforms. This thesis proposes to focus on the third party applications developers, and more specifically to "developer communities" which surround the two main platforms of the smartphone industry: Android developed by Google, and the iPhone of Apple. What interest presents the analysis of this socio-industrial environment? We could say that these ecosystems of developers, especially that of Android, presents a paradox. On one side it is an open source platform, very related to what some called the "hacker ethic", this "do-it-yourself" spirit who reject traditional forms of authority. On the other side, this environment constitutes a relatively coherent organization, structured, centralized around the dominant player that is Google, and crossed by new forms of asymmetries and new power relations, sometimes more important than those rejected by hackers. This work proposes to explore this environment made of multinationals and ecosystems of developers which surround them, to look at their history, the logics that underlie them, the apparatus which structure them
Rolland, Jean-Michel. "Analyse systémique des tendances e-comportementales, induites par les Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication en management à distance." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00603728.
Full textRolland, Jean-Michel. "Analyse systémique des tendances e-comportementales, induites par les Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication en management à distance." Phd thesis, Toulon, 2010. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00603728/fr/.
Full textNowadays, Man sees the transformation of his working methods because of or thanks to the continuous development of Information and Communication Technologies. These allow workers within split organizations to exchange data and communicate knowledge without time and space limits. Within companies, technologic evolutions lead managers and their colleagues to adapt themselves in order to keep carrying out successfully their missions and reach their objectives. Meanwhile, Manager, both subject and object of our concern, must support these changes and adapt to the new working habits of his colleagues. This matter or fact opens numerous fields of research about new habits, appropriation processes, social representation, communication and collective intelligence processes and tools to lead and motivate from a distance women and men. Over the last ten years, we have observed these transformations, focusing on the impact of information and communication technologies on human behaviors within companies. Companies needs to cope with projects and daily tasks distancing, evolutions in the behavior of new generations entering the labor market and operational managers issues have triggered our researches on understanding and supporting all aspects of these behavioral and communicational transformations. Our investigations, given the systemic complexity of the issue, brought us to look at different approaches developed in information and communication sciences, in sociology, in psychology and in management. This holistic view allowed us to identify a set of inductor key factors which we called e-behaviors. Given that human complexity cannot be confined to these specific and often quite extreme behaviors, we defined e-behaviors trends using in-firms surveys. These observable trends should help posing different types of distant communicational problems and thus optimize interactions and their result
Alaoui, Azzedine. "La décentralisation fonctionnelle dans l'administration marocaine." Toulouse 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU10006.
Full textThe economic results during of these last twenty years point to a profound crisis in the Moroccan public sector. Inefficiency administrative and financial controls have contributed to an anarchy affiliation. The owned companies in Morocco need for more subsidies from the Treasury has increased the national debt. To try to get out of this dead end, we suggest a definition which is a synthesis of the various reform policies of the state owned companies in Morocco, viz. Functional decentralisation is an administrative process for restructuring the state owned companies by means of corporate contracts that and for privatizing the fictitious branches that don't play any strategic role, in order to rationalise the public sector
Guyomarc'h, Armelle. "La décentralisation de la protection et de la gestion du patrimoine culturel." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010262.
Full textThe extension of local government for the protection and the administration of the cultural common inheritance of a nation looks like a paradox. The protection's juridical system of the classified historical monuments is based on a very strong administrative centralization. The 1887' and 1913' laws can be considered as the keyes of the administrative system. The public interest has available the only juridical intervention of the central state to protect the historical monuments by administrative procedures which are the classification or the inventory's inscription of culturel objects, realities or personnalities. This kind of protection is based on the special administrative police procedure which can be very compellable for the private or public owners. The cultural regionalism movement has pre-existeed to the political regionalism movement. This matter of fact has allowed local organizations to realize the importance of their own cultural historical monuments which was not protected by the classical laws ; of the nation. The historical monument's law based on the administrative policy doesn't give any possibility to the local organizations to protect by themselves whereas the majority of the cultural historical monuments belong to them. The extension of local governement since 1982 has allowed the local organizations to become public law's legal entities with rights and obligations. The competences' transfer in the cultural field has been minor, the classified historic monuments's juridical protectionhas been clearly ignored in this policy. The competence's transfer has been only reached in two categories : the archives' and public libraries' administration. Facing this juridical blank, the local organization has developped other juridical ways to protect and manage their historical cultural objects. The extension of local governement in the town planning has given them new methods of protecting their historical monuments. They also open out new institutionnal and operationnal means of management for their cultural objects (local civil servant, contracts. . . ). The expansion of communautary policy is a new challenge for them. But the rules are still commanded by the central organization
Obame, Sylvain-Ulrich. "Décentralisation et reconstruction de l'Etat gabonais." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAD004.
Full textTo assert the necessity of reconstructing the Gabonese State by the decentralization, it is to recognize implicitly that the State built by the authoritarian, totalitarian and centralist Jacobinism reached(affected) its limits. That the State in its current, present shape of the deficiencies, the weaknesses, even the breaches(negligences). In every case, it means that the model proposed up to there failed and could more not be enough to face the challenges to come. That is why a reconstruction of the State by the decentralization requires(demands) to look what can be capacities(measures) to be taken being able to exactly favor the emergence of a new state entity.In the question, which does it need to reconstruct really? The bottom of this thesis(theory) specifies that it is about reports(relationships) Centre-Périphérie. Yet(now), exactly " the reconstruction of the State " is a project of "redevelopment" of the country on new guiding principles. How then can we reconstruct the State? He(it) would be doubtless relevant to proceed, on one hand, to a consolidation of the redistribution of the roles within the State and, on the other hand, to a promotion(class) of a new conception(design) of the role of the State, become the focal point as well for the Gabonese political class, for the citizens that for the thorough lessors. This reconstruction turns out then democratic and she can emanate substantially only from territories today
Chabellard, Frédéric. "Décentralisation et discipline budgétaire du secteur public local." Pau, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PAUU2002.
Full textThe theory of fiscal federalism has recently recognised the importance of imposing a hard budget constraint to subnational administrations in a multi-tiered government. In the first part, we analyse the financial relationships between central government and subnational governments, and we provide a first survey of the emerging literature on soft budgets in multi-level governments. Then, we analyse the recent experience of developed countries. Applied to the case of French "communes", this theoretical framework leads to point out sources of strategic behaviour that would result from the decentralisation process, should the "péréquation" and fiscal financing of "communes" not be modified. The second part analyses the consequences of tax competition on the budget constraint of private partners (PP) of local authorities. Horizontal tax competition increases commitment capacity and may impose a hard budget constraint to PP. This result leads to overhaul the tax assignment problem. Then the thesis considers different types of financing federal government and shows that the source of financing matters for the status of PP budget constraint. Finally, it is shown that vertical tax competition may lower the commitment capacity of local authorities and then entails a soft budget constraint equilibrium
Jemai, Ziad. "Modèles stochastiques pour l'aide au pilotage des chaînes logistiques : l'impact de la décentralisation." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ECAP0924.
Full textCaldeira, Emilie. "ESSAIS SUR LA DÉCENTRALISATION DANS LES PAYS EN DEVELOPPEMENT." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00643382.
Full textFournié, François. "Recherches sur la décentralisation dans l'oeuvre de Maurice Hauriou." Toulouse 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU10003.
Full textPresenting decentralisation as " a way of being of the State ", and decentralised legal entities as " others compared with the State ", the dean Hauriou drew a double approach of decentralisation a priori antinomical, in any case disconcerting. Nevertheless, this bias of equilibrium between unity and pluralism, between uniformity and diversity, passes through and explains all his work. It justifies in particular that the State can be considered in its complicated reality : based on One, it builds itself from contradictions. The balance appears then as a dynamic theory, the vitalist surpassing of an opposition which aims, through changing, to keep the structures that are, for the system, fundamental. In this point of view, the reading of the dean of Toulouse allows to give a positive content, and not only a negative one, to decentralisation. To the questionings on the implications of its "territorial" nature - territory appearing as the crucible from which are weaved social links -, replies a new definition - institutional - of decentralisation. Understood in this way, Maurice Hauriou's work invites us to renew the thinking about decentralisation. At the parting of the ways between one and multiple, passing beyond the problem of administrative organisation, and diving its roots in the dialectics of the individual and the State, it analyses in terms of process more than structures