Relevant bibliographies by topics / Decentralized alternatives

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Decentralized alternatives'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Decentralized alternatives"

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de Vos, Martijn, and Johan Pouwelse. "ConTrib: Maintaining fairness in decentralized big tech alternatives by accounting work." Computer Networks 192 (June 2021): 108081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2021.108081.

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Guest, J. S., S. J. Skerlos, G. T. Daigger, J. R. E. Corbett, and N. G. Love. "The use of qualitative system dynamics to identify sustainability characteristics of decentralized wastewater management alternatives." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 6 (2010): 1637–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.880.

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In order to pursue more sustainable alternatives in wastewater management, it is vital that we understand how a given infrastructure alternative will impact the various aspects of sustainability. A set of qualitative tools (force field diagrams and causal loop diagrams (CLDs)) for the assessment of wastewater management alternatives is proposed and demonstrated in the context of a decentralized wastewater infrastructure upgrade. The objective for the application of these tools is to improve decision makers' understanding of how a given alternative will impact the economic, environmental/ecolog
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Clune, William H. "The Best Path to Systemic Educational Policy: Standard/Centralized or Differentiated/Decentralized?" Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 15, no. 3 (1993): 233–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/01623737015003233.

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Systemic educational policy recommends creating more ambitious instruction in schools through a centralized strategy of mandatory curriculum frameworks, high-stakes student assessments, and coordinated teacher training. This article suggests serious problems with such a strategy and recommends a decentralized alternative involving local choice of curricula, technical assistance, and professional development. Arguments for, problems with, and alternatives to the centralized strategy are examined in eight dimensions of educational policy: curriculum development, curriculum stratification, educat
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Ali, Syed Imran. "Alternatives for safe water provision in urban and peri-urban slums." Journal of Water and Health 8, no. 4 (2010): 720–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2010.141.

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In response to rapid urbanization throughout the global South, urban and peri-urban slums are expanding at an alarming rate. Owing to inadequate financial and institutional resources at the municipal level, conventional approaches for safe water provision with centralized treatment and distribution infrastructure have been unable to keep pace with rapidly growing demand. In the absence of alternatives to centralized systems, a global public health emergency of infectious water-related diseases has developed. Alternative decentralized water treatment systems have been promoted in recent years a
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Zacharias, Peter. "Perspectives of SiC Power Devices in Highly Efficient Renewable Energy Conversion Systems." Materials Science Forum 615-617 (March 2009): 889–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.615-617.889.

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In the long run, regenerative energy sources represent the most important alternatives to fossil fuels. In general, they are characterized by decentralized logistics and supply capabilities due to ihnerent lower energetic densitiy per are, when compared with the fossil counterparts. As a result, the increased use of regenerative energy sources will require decentralized structures for energy supply, consumption optimisation and regional balancing between supply and demand. Both, the more efficient utilization of fossil energy sources and the utilization of regenerative energy sources, lead to
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Khan, Javeed Ahmed, and Ramani Ranjan Panda. "Sustainable Energy Alternatives Experimentation at SCT." ISRN Mechanical Engineering 2012 (July 30, 2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/527979.

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Sustained energy generation is very important for any region's economic growth either developed or developing. As the growth of the country depends on sustainable and efficient power generation management, in order to attain the sustainable energy generation, experimentation, and explorations in the latest avenues for these generations have to be carried out. In this paper an attempt is made to report the experimentation carried out at Salalah College of Technology (SCT) in terms of sustainable energy generation using alternate energy resources. Experimentation carried out at SCT for solar har
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Opher, Tamar, and Eran Friedler. "Comparative LCA of decentralized wastewater treatment alternatives for non-potable urban reuse." Journal of Environmental Management 182 (November 2016): 464–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.07.080.

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Nguyen, Khanh Q. "Alternatives to grid extension for rural electrification: Decentralized renewable energy technologies in Vietnam." Energy Policy 35, no. 4 (2007): 2579–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2006.10.004.

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Zorc, Saša, and Ilia Tsetlin. "Deadlines, Offer Timing, and the Search for Alternatives." Operations Research 68, no. 3 (2020): 927–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/opre.2019.1895.

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In “Deadlines, Timing, and the Search for Alternatives,” S. Zorc and I. Tsetlin consider decentralized matching markets like the job market for MBAs. They show that exploding offers (ones with a very short deadline) are often optimal. The benefit of those offers is to prevent the other party’s search for alternatives. However, the main argument in favor of longer deadlines is that people who already hold an offer become more selective when deciding whether to accept other alternatives (the acceptance deterrence effect). Thus, the goal of curtailing search can also be accomplished through incre
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Thapa, Rana Bahadur, Bishnu Raj Upreti, Durga Devkota, and Govind Raj Pokharel. "IDENTIFYING THE BEST DECENTRALIZED RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEM FOR RURAL ELECTRIFICATION IN NEPAL." Journal of Asian Rural Studies 4, no. 1 (2020): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/jars.v4i1.2097.

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Access to electricity is generally recognized as an important factor for economic and social development. Moreover, the world energy consumption depends on the use of limited resources like fossil fuels that induce adverse impact on the environment and society. As an alternative, renewable energies turn into crucial alternative energy ensuring sustainable energy needs and taking care of society, economy and the environment. In order to combat such issues, the United Nations has declared universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy for by 2030. In many cases, different types of re
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Decentralized alternatives"

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Magnusson, Sebastian. "Evaluation of Decentralized Alternatives to PKI for IoT Devices : A litterature study and proof of concept implementation to explore the viability of replacing PKI with decentralized alternatives." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-236504.

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This report is the result of an investigation into current possibilities to use blockchain or other distributed ledger technologies for identification and authentication in an Internet-of-Things (IoT) setting. During the course of the project, several different distributed ledgers have been examined and their strengths and weaknesses analyzed with respect to their potential use in connected devices with constrained resources. After investigating whether there are any solutions providing identification and authentication through distributed ledgers available today, one was chosen for implementa
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Jeong, Hyunju. "Feasibility and life cycle assessment of decentralized water, wastewater, and stormwater alternatives for residential communities with a variety of population densities." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/52958.

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Centralized infrastructure (CI) is difficult to sustain with limited water and fossil fuel resources because CI withdraws 100% of water demand from the environment as an open-loop system and electricity is consumed to transport and treat water and wastewater while demand is increasing. Hybrid infrastructure (HI) is proposed to combine CI with decentralized alternatives such as low impact development (LID) technologies (i.e., xeriscaping, rain gardens, and rainwater harvesting) or greywater reclamation systems with membrane bioreactors (MBRs). Water, wastewater, and stormwater systems in the Ci
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Questad, Adam (Adam David). "Investigation of I-WASH's community-led total sanitation and alternative decentralized sanitation models in rural Ghana." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74490.

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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2012.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-122).<br>2.5 billion people worldwide do not have access to improved sanitation and Sub-Saharan Africa is not on track to meet the MDG sanitation target. As of 2010, Ghana has achieved 14% national improved sanitation coverage and is not projected to meet the sanitation target by 2015 (WHO, UNICEF, 2012). UNICEF, in partnership with the European Union, developed the I-WASH program to assist in eradic
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Couras, Daut de Jesus Nogueira Peixoto. "Theoretical and experimental development of a Tesla turbine model applied to decentralized generation through renewable sources." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2009. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4892.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico<br>A presente dissertaÃÃo de mestrado trata do desenvolvimento teÃrico-experimental de um novo modelo da Turbina Tesla, tambÃm conhecida como turbina de discos, em que o foco da pesquisa foi estudar esse dispositivo de propulsÃo visando sua aplicaÃÃo em sistemas de geraÃÃo de energia distribuÃda a partir de fontes renovÃveis de biomassa. Um protÃtipo da turbina foi desenvolvido, em escala de laboratÃrio, para determinar os parÃmetros de projeto atravÃs de estudos teÃrico e experimental, a fim de interpretar os fenÃmenos presentes no
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Samuel, Paulo Robinson da Silva. "Alternativas sustentáveis de tratamento de esgotos sanitários urbanos, através de sistemas descentralizados, para municípios de pequeno porte." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/55437.

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A precariedade do tratamento dos esgotos sanitários no país, principalmente em pequenos municípios, aliado à falta de recursos financeiros, necessitam apoio tecnológico e científico, sendo motivo de preocupação e atenção. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é propor alternativas de sistemas de tratamento de esgotos sanitários urbanos para a cidade de Feliz/RS, município brasileiro de pequeno porte, visando à melhoria da qualidade dos seus recursos hídricos. Para a realização deste trabalho foi necessário realizar o diagnóstico do sistema de tratamento de esgotos sanitários na área urbana do municí
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Bastos, Renan Fernandes. "Sistema de gerenciamento para a integração em CC de fontes alternativas de energia e armazenadores híbridos conectados a rede de distribuição via conversores eletrônicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18153/tde-25012017-161639/.

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Esta tese de doutorado visa o estudo e o desenvolvimento de topologias e técnicas de controle para a integração de fontes alternativas tais como, solar e eólica acopladas a um barramento comum em corrente continua (CC) e conectá-las à rede de distribuição. O sistema contará também com elementos armazenadores como bancos de baterias e ultracapacitores, formando assim uma estrutura híbrida de armazenamento. Algoritmos de gerenciamento de energia serão implementados para que o perfil de injeção de potência na rede seja suave, eliminando as oscilações que são criadas, naturalmente, por fontes depe
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Haluza, Miroslav. "Využití znalostních systémů a bází pro výběr a hodnocení domovních elektroinstalací." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-364605.

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My doctoral thesis deals with use of the sophisticated methods for the selection of technical and economic solution of electrical wiring. This solution is based not only on a price but also on many other criteria such as a comfort, service, durability etc. The focus of the work is a treatise on wiring systems from a global perspective, where it is impossible to use a conventional approach for objective evaluation and selection of the appropriate electrical wiring system (because of the complexity of such systems and their interdependencies). In the four chapter are given information of an ener
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Hošek, David Jakub. "Právní úprava využívání alternativních zdrojů energie v České republice." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-332139.

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This Master's degree thesis deals with the renewable energy sources regulation in the Czech Republic. It also mentions the European Union legislation on the topic and its development and focuses on the most important Directives and their goals as well as Member States' obligations. It presents Czech regulation in force and the conceptual documents in greater detail. It also points out the system of support available for the promotion in using the renewable sources of energy. Finally it examines the renewable energy sources of the small extent and the decentralized power generation as well.
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Books on the topic "Decentralized alternatives"

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Eugenie, Bietry, Donaldson John B, and Sustainable Development Initiative (Columbia University), eds. Decentralized energy alternatives: Proceedings of the Decentralized Energy Alternatives Symposium on the campus of Columbia University, March 15-17, 1999. Sustainable Development Initiative, 2000.

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Arenovski, Andrea L. A Massachusetts guide to needs assessment and evaluation of decentralized wastewater treatment alternatives. Marine Studies Consortium, 1996.

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Soroti, Uganda) Uganda Decentralized Animal Health (DAH) Workshop (1st 2003. Proceedings of the 1st Uganda Decentralized Animal Health (DAH) Workshop: Alternatives to livestock service delivery, a future for pastoralist areas. s.n.], 2003.

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Bolan, Peter. Alternatives in decentralised housing management. University of Bristol, School for Advanced Urban Studies, 1987.

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Telecommunications and politics: The decentralised alternative. Pinter Publishers, 1994.

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Bhattacharya, Manik. Decentralized participatory rural transformation: During left front government in West Bengal : an alternative to neo-liberal developmentalism. Shivalik Prakashan, 2012.

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Wasielewski, Amanda. From City Space to Cyberspace. Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463725453.

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The narrative of the birth of internet culture often focuses on the achievements of American entrepreneurs in Silicon Valley, but there is an alternative history of internet pioneers in Europe who developed their own model of network culture in the early 1990s. Drawing from their experiences in the leftist and anarchist movements of the ’80s, they built DIY networks that give us a glimpse into what internet culture could have been if it were in the hands of squatters, hackers, punks, artists, and activists. In the Dutch scene, the early internet was intimately tied to the aesthetics and politi
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Milton, Adams, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Evolutionary concepts for decentralized air traffic flow management. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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Ammous, Saifedean. Bitcoin Standard: The Decentralized Alternative to Central Banking. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2018.

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The bitcoin standard: The decentralized alternative to central banking. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018.

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Book chapters on the topic "Decentralized alternatives"

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Siegrist, Robert L. "Alternative Wastewater Collection and Conveyance Systems for Decentralized Applications." In Decentralized Water Reclamation Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40472-1_5.

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Campbell, Tim. "Exploring Conditions for Local Economic Development in Decentralized Systems of Government." In The Local Alternative. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230119642_2.

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Benaloh, Josh, and Michael de Mare. "One-Way Accumulators: A Decentralized Alternative to Digital Signatures." In Advances in Cryptology — EUROCRYPT ’93. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-48285-7_24.

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Hegedűs, István, Gábor Danner, and Márk Jelasity. "Gossip Learning as a Decentralized Alternative to Federated Learning." In Distributed Applications and Interoperable Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22496-7_5.

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Mertens, Peter, Jürgen Falk, Stefan Spieck, and Mark Weigelt. "Decentralized Problem Solving in Logistics with Partly Intelligent Agents and Comparison with Alternative Approaches." In Distributed Information Systems in Business. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80216-4_6.

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Canor, Iris. "Suspending Horizontal Solange: A Decentralized Instrument for Protecting Mutual Trust and the European Rule of Law." In Defending Checks and Balances in EU Member States. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62317-6_8.

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AbstractMutual trust is the basis on which the Member States’ judiciaries are expected to deal with each other in the European Union. By constitutionalizing the principle of mutual trust, the CJEU has introduced an axiological addition to the basic structure of the European Union. From a Union which concentrated on the vertical relationships between each Member State and the central Union’s institutions, the Union has turned out to be additionally preoccupied with the horizontal relationships among the Member States, which are based on what might be called a doctrine of Horizontal Solange.According to the principle of mutual trust, each Member State must presume that all other Member States are in compliance with EU law, in particular promote its values and respect European fundamental rights. This presumption, however, can be rebutted in exceptional circumstances. These exceptional circumstances are based on a two-prong test: first, the violation of the values or the fundamental rights must amount to a systemic deficiency; second, there is a need for an assessment whether the individual concerned will be the victim of this systemic deficiency.This contribution critically analyses these exceptional circumstances. Regarding the first prong, it is argued that the existence of systemic deficiencies should ideally be established by the CJEU via preliminary ruling references or via direct infringement proceedings. Alternatively, such systemic deficiencies may also be established by domestic courts in a host Member State. Regarding the second prong, it is argued that the individual test is redundant in cases where the systemic deficiency imposes challenges to the existing legal order of the Member State in question. Finally, it is argued that the suspension of mutual trust can serve as a decentralized instrument for protecting the European rule of law by pressuring the violating state to restore the rule of law.
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Reinhardt, Ch, J. Bölscher, R. Imjela, M. Ramelow, R. Wenzel, and A. Schulte. "Alternatives in flood protection: the effect of decentralized measures in the Upper Flöha watershed (Southeastern Germany)." In Flood Risk Assessment and Management. WIT Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/978-1-84564-646-2/09.

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Knight, Jack, and James Johnson. "Refining Reflexivity." In The Priority of Democracy. Princeton University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691151236.003.0006.

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This chapter focuses on reflexivity and how it operates in democratic arrangements, considering a set of possible objections to this study's argument. The first potential objection is that the study has underestimated the capacity of decentralized markets. The chapter directly compares the relative claims about democracy and markets. In doing so, it highlights the ways in which competition operates in the different environments and the relative importance of reflexivity for the two institutional alternatives. The second potential objection is that the study has failed to consider other more centralized institutional arrangements that might embody reflexivity. The chapter then considers three such alternatives: courts and judicial decision making, bureaucracy, and a hybrid form that combines informal norms within formal institutional arrangements. Drawing on the analysis of the effects of social norms on formal decision making, it also assesses whether the positive effects of social norms might, in fact, be most likely to emerge in an environment of democratic decision making.
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Koß, Michael. "Introduction: Legislators in the Steel-Hard Casing." In Parliaments in Time. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198766919.003.0001.

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This chapter identifies the problem of legislative democracy. As a response to growing pressures to increase procedural efficiency in the wake of the Industrial Revolution and the advent of more inclusive suffrage formulae, legislators face two procedural alternatives: to centralize control over the legislative agenda, to create powerful committees. Talking legislatures combine centralized agenda control and weak committees, working ones decentralized agenda control and powerful committees, and hybrid ones centralized agenda control and powerful committees. According to the dynamic partisan perspective adopted in this book, a centralization of agenda control only occurs as a response to anti-system obstruction. Given legislators’ demand for mega-seats, the creation of powerful committees is the default way to rationalize legislative procedures. If, however, legislators fail to procedurally respond to anti-system obstruction they risk a breakdown of legislative procedures. This is why this book ultimately focuses on legislative democracy rather than legislative organization.
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Benton, Ted. "Beyond neoliberalism, or life after capitalism? A red-green debate." In Alternatives to Neoliberalism. Policy Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447331148.003.0004.

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This chapter sets out the ‘Red-Green’ alternatives which combine environmental and socialist perspectives and policies irreconcilable with the logic of market capitalism. ‘Red’ is taken to stand for the struggle for social justice and ‘Green’ for defence of the environment, including, of course, the effects of climate change. The chapter discusses these issues in the international as well as the British context. It contends that the green movement’s more radical wings offer the most complete, alternative to neoliberalism’s ‘full spectrum dominance’ and the chimera of ‘sustainable capitalism’. ‘Social greens’ advocate a profound shift in values, decentralised decision making, more participative democracy, and localised instead of corporate and international market economies. Further, the chapter argues for the development of a positive, non-exploitative relationship between people and non-human nature and, similar to Coote in chapter 2, for convivial interactions reflecting an ‘alternative hedonism’ to inflated commercially-based consumerism. Such a mutually beneficial and pleasurable social relationship offers the positive psychological and cultural dimension to the ‘Red-Green’ project that the stark demand to take less of the earth’s resources lacks.
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Conference papers on the topic "Decentralized alternatives"

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Reinhardt, Ch, J. Bölscher, M. Ramelow, R. Wenzel, and A. Schulte. "Alternatives in flood protection: the effect of decentralized measures in the Upper Flöha watershed (Southeastern Germany)." In RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT 2009. WIT Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/rm090091.

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Ranzato, Marco, and Andrea Bortolotti. "Co-Designing Sustainable Communities: The Role of Participatory Design and Citizen Engagement in Developing Decentralized Water Systems Alternatives." In 8th Conference of the International Forum on Urbanism (IFoU). MDPI, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ifou-d024.

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Tomlinson, Bill, Bonnie Nardi, Donald J. Patterson, et al. "Toward Alternative Decentralized Infrastructures." In ACM DEV '15: Annual Symposium on Computing for Development. ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2830629.2830648.

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Schmitz, W., and D. Hein. "Concepts for the Production of Biomass Derived Fuel Gases for Gas Turbine Applications." In ASME Turbo Expo 2000: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2000-gt-0018.

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Amongst the available alternatives of regenerative energy sources, biomass may play an important role in the future. Biomass represents stored solar energy, accessible whenever there is demand. But so far, its large potential has only been used to a small extent. This is partly due to the fact that solid biomass is a common fuel for the production of heat, but is hardly used in combined heat and power (CHP) plants. For the conversion of solid fuels, combustion in combination with a Rankine cycle is the only well established technology available today, thus acceptable net efficiencies (&gt; 25%
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Kotake, Yohei, Sotaro Kimura, Xiaodong Lu, and Kinji Mori. "Autonomous Mobile Agent Coordination Technology for high quality alternative servies provision." In 2009 International Symposium on Autonomous Decentralized Systems (ISADS). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isads.2009.5207369.

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Sharkey, Sarah, and Hitesh Tewari. "Alt-PoW: An Alternative Proof-of-Work Mechanism." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Decentralized Applications and Infrastructures (DAPPCON). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dappcon.2019.00012.

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Patsonakis, Christos, and Mema Roussopoulos. "An Alternative Paradigm for Developing and Pricing Storage on Smart Contract Platforms." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Decentralized Applications and Infrastructures (DAPPCON). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dappcon.2019.00032.

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Welch, Michael, and Andrew Pym. "Flexible Natural Gas/Intermittent Renewable Hybrid Power Plants." In ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2017-3079.

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Increasing grid penetration of intermittent renewable power from wind and solar is creating challenges for the power industry. There are times when generation from these intermittent sources needs to be constrained due to power transmission capacity limits, and times when fossil fuel power plant are required to rapidly compensate for large power fluctuations, for example clouds pass over a solar field or the wind stops blowing. There have been many proposals, and some actual projects, to store surplus power from intermittent renewable power in some form or other for later use: Batteries, Compr
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Khoumsi, Ahmed. "Alternative Inference-Based Decentralized Prognosis of Discrete Event Systems." In 2019 6th International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/codit.2019.8820588.

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Rogers, Peter D., and Neil S. Grigg. "Alternative Approaches for Water Distribution: Dual and Decentralized Systems." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2007. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40927(243)466.

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Reports on the topic "Decentralized alternatives"

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Dejene Mamo, Bekana. The Impact of Intergovernmental Transfers on Fiscal Behaviour of Local Governments in Ethiopia. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2020.001.

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This paper examines the effect of intergovernmental fiscal transfers on the fiscal behaviour of local governments in Ethiopia for the period 2004-2018. The empirical findings suggest that central government grants bolster state-level employment and expenditure. However, grants from the central government to states do not crowd out state-level revenue collection. Hence, this paper argues that fiscal decentralisation in Ethiopia has mostly, at least in theory, taken the form of devolution of the power to tax and spend public money. However, on average state-level revenue can only finance up to 2
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The cassava seed system in Nigeria: Opportunities and challenges for policy and regulatory reform. International Potato Center, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4160/23096586rtbwp20202.

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In many African countries south of the Sahara, farmers depend on the cultivation of vegetatively propagated crops (VPCs) for both consumption and commercial purposes. Yet yields for these crops remain at low levels due, in part, to the persistent use of low-quality planting material. Efforts to improve the quality of planting material exchanged in markets or through other channels are often hampered by the unique biological and economic characteristics of vegetative propagation—characteristics that distinguish VPCs from the major cereal crops that drive and shape the policy and investment choi
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