Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Décharge partielle'
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Martinez, Ruiz Erick Osvaldo. "Oxydation partielle du méthane dans un milli-réacteur plasma de type décharge à barrière diélectrique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066736.
Full textMethane gas is known to be the most destructive greenhouse gas. The current world reserves of natural gas, which contains mainly methane, are underutilized due to high transportation costs. Thus, considerable interest is presently shown in conversion of methane to transportable liquid fuels and chemicals of importance to the petrochemical industry. One of the main solution for this problem is the partial oxidation of methane, actually this reaction requires a very high pressures and temperatures.The partial oxidation of methane (POM) in a milli-plasma environment is one possible route for converting methane to more valuable higher hydrocarbons at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.In that context, a Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) transparent plasma-millireactor was designed for methane partial oxidation. A mixture of O2/CH4/Ar was processed into the reactor. AC high voltage (10.8 kV, 3 kHz) was applied to generate the plasma discharge. Under our experimental conditions, a highly reactive environment at room temperature and atmospheric pressure was generated, leading to methane conversion as high as 30 percent. The main products of the reaction were identified as methanol, ethane, ethane, propane, hydrogen, CO and CO2. The influence of the specific input energy (J/molmethanein), the gas composition and flow rate on the methanol selectivity and methane conversion were studied.Comsol Multiphysics 5.1 was used as a simulation tool to perform a first study to understand the mechanism of the reaction involved in POM for the production of methanol. Two main models were discussed, the sinusoidal and multi-time scale models. This work defines the bases for the understanding of the POM for the production of methanol. This study generates new alternatives in the use of miniaturization technologies in order to efficiently convert methane to methanol
Sili, Elyse. "Étude et caractérisation des décharges partielles et du vieillissement du polyimide en environnement aéronautique." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1922/.
Full textThe anxiety maintained on one hand by the exceptional increase in the consumption of fossil fuels and on the other hand by the concern for environmental protection has motivated the scientists who work in the transportation domain to find alternative solutions. So the aircraft industry is increasingly shifting towards more electrical technologies. Hence electrical systems with higher powers are required. However, the increase in electrical power demand to supply these alternative electrical systems requires higher voltages. Or increasing the supply voltage combined with the constraints imposed by the avionics environment (pressure drop due to the altitude, temperature cycles and variation of moisture) would introduce others, namely an increased probability of electrical discharge. Unwanted partial discharge (PD) in electrical systems can lead to the deterioration of solid insulation and consequently failure of whole components. The need therefore exists to understand the effect of environmental parameters on the PD characteristics and on the insulation lifetime which is the aim of this work. In the first part, we have been investigating the effect of low pressure combined with high temperature on the partial discharge characteristics as the ignition voltage and the dissipated energy. Results show two different behaviours related to temperature at the left of the Paschen minimum. In an attempt to explain these results, it appears that this effect is related to the presence of two different breakdown phenomena. Then the domain of validity of two corrective expressions on the Paschen's law found in the literature, in case of changing the air environment was investigated. Results show that these corrections are valid under atmospheric pressure. However, for combined variation of temperature and pressure a new empirical expression has been added and validated for temperatures higher than 35°C. In a second part, the aeronautic environment effects on the partial discharge properties were investigated. The obtained noticeable changes in the PD characteristics with temperature, pressure and humidity variations were presented and mainly explained on the basis of electron mean free path. Finally, after having investigated the effect of temperature, pressure, and moisture on discharge characteristics, we focused on the effect of these environmental parameters on the behaviour of the energy dissipated by the discharges and on polyimide film endurance during aging under partial discharge. The energy measurements were carried out in real time during aging tests and the relationship between the energies involved and the polyimide lifetime was investigated for different environmental conditions. Accordingly to these results, it seems difficult to establish a direct relationship between the energy dissipated and the material lifetime, even if it still valid in various conditions. This is mainly due to the interaction between the discharge by-products and the environment that affects the film endurance. A more effective relationship between lifetime and the discharge intensity has been found. It has been shown that the lifetime and the discharge intensity are inversely proportional regardless of the applied conditions
Caliap, Lucian. "Etude de l'optimisation des isolants d'un point de vue diélectrique pour les contraintes du GIS." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00585494.
Full textBraci, Lamia. "Traitement d'effluents gazeux pollués par des mercaptans par procédé plasma non-thermique à pression atmosphérique : étude des mécanismes d'oxydation partielle en post-décharge." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066268.
Full textGalli, Giacomo. "Etude des décharges partielles dans une chambre à fission haute température." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLC109/document.
Full textThe Commission for Atomic and Alternative Energy (CEA) is in charge of the fourth generation fast neutron reactor design. The instrumentation for neutron flux measurement of this future reactor will be based on fission chambers placed in-core. These high temperature fission chambers (HTFC) will have to operate at full reactor power, and thus at a temperature between 400°C and 650°C.A recent review of HTFC technology has revealed that some points need improvement to ensure greater reliability.In particular, a better understanding of the phenomenon of partial discharges (PD), which are observed in the fission chambers at high temperature, is needed. These PD pulses are indistinguishable from those produced by the products of fission caused by collision with neutrons with the fissile deposit within thechambers.In addition, they could accelerate aging of the ceramic insulators used in the chambers.Based on both experimental and theoretical approaches, this PhD work found several results.Tests on different fission chambers made it possible to characterize the DP signals vis-a-vis the neutron signals and to find an operational DP-neutron discrimination method. The DP signals were localized and a technological solution was proposed and successfully implemented to eliminate them.A calculation tool for neutron pulse simulation was also designed and tested successfully.An experiment on the effect of temperature on the Paschen curve, in a closed gas volume, was designed and carried out giving initial interesting results
Romo-Guzman, Guillermo. "Détection acoustique et électrique des décharges partielles dans les isolants polymères sous contrainte continue ou alternative." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30099.
Full textThe purpose of the work presented is the acoustic detection of the partial discharges in thin polymeric insulating films under direct voltage. Partial discharges are the name related to electrical discharges induced by an electrical stress and involving a given volume of a dielectric placed between two electrodes. They are at the origin of the acceleration of the processes of degradation and ageing of the insulating materials. Acoustic method detects acoustic waves produced by electrical discharges within a dielectric using a piezoelectric sensor. The advantage of the acoustic methods is that they are non-invasive and insensitive to electromagnetic interference. In this work, we present the experimental set-up developed which enables us to apply a continuous or alternative tension of 10 Kilovolts and simultaneously to detect the partial discharges by the acoustic and electric method, with a sensitivity of 1 picoCoulomb. The studied material is the polyethylene naphthalene 2,6 dicarboxylate (PEN), under his formed semi crystalline. We noted a good correlation between the results by our acoustic detection of discharges partial and the evolution of the space charges, the mechanical displacement induced by a electric field, the electric conduction mechanism and the electroluminescence measurement
Eismann, Benjamin. "Étude numérique et théorique des phénomènes liés aux hautes pressions dans les microdécharges." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1315/.
Full textA non-equilibrium discharge at high pressure is generally an unstable phenomenon, because of feedback mechanisms due to this high pressure and leading to the arc. Starting from the p. D scaling law (pressure times distance) that defines the breakdown voltage, one can generate a cold, stable, non-equilibrium and non-constricted plasma at atmospheric pressure by turning down the discharge dimensions to some hundreds of microns. The applications for such discharges are numerous, from the point of view of the active species one can get with it, or the low voltage required for its sustainment, or the simplification of all the experimental equipment since pumping devices and vacuum proofed chambers are not necessary anymore. Those applications deal with excimers production for light generation, reactive species production for biological use or surface treatment or laser pumping, or plasma display. The fact is that many features of those microplasmas are not yet well understood. At atmospheric pressure, the kinetics of complex gas mixes is being modified, temperature plays an increased role due to lower diffusion, the cathode sheath is thiner therefore the electric field at its surface is higher, changing the interaction of the plasma with the electrodes. Besides, those small dimensions and this high pressure are the same conditions for another type of discharge, the partial discharges in structure flaws within isolating materials, these discharges being the cause of the long term ageing (and breakdown) of such materials. Since the partial discharges happen in conditions (pressure and distance) close to controlled microdischarges, some aspects of there study can be applied to the partial discharge problem which also needs some improvements in the description of certain of its processes. The goal of this thesis is to study the issues raised by the transition to high pressure and the downsizing of the geometry, especially by focusing on the numerical study of the kinetics of a complex mix (He/O2/NO) in a post-discharge, then the theoretical study of secondary electron emission by slow ion and metastable impact on a metallic cathode and the possible influence of a medium strength electric field (about 107 V/m) on this emission in the context of the simulation of a Micro Hollow Cathode Discharge. In a final part, those results are used to describe secondary emission on a dielectric surface, first MgO and then polyethylen, the aim being to improve the description of partial discharges in polyethylen
Vu, Thi Anh Tho. "Etude de l'origine des décharges partielles sur des substrats céramiques enrobés." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00612433.
Full textOuss, Etienne. "Caractérisation des décharges partielles et identification des défauts dans les PSEM sous haute tension continue." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEC024.
Full textThe framework of this thesis is the monitoring of High-Voltage, Direct Current (HVDC) Gas-Insulated Substations (GIS). The availability of these equipment is crucial for electrical networks operators. That is why they need a preventive diagnosis tool. The solution must be able to detect and identify the insulation defects, so that an appropriate maintenance can be planned. The last 40 years have seen Partial Discharges (PD) measurement become a classic monitoring tool for AC GIS. Unfortunately, there is a lack of scientific information about PD in HVDC GIS, and the known defect identification techniques are very specific to the AC environment. New techniques are thus needed in DC.This thesis aimed to characterize partial discharges in DC gas-insulated substations, and to develop an automatic defect identification tool. The first step of this work was the development of a partial discharge measuring bench. The complete study has been performed in a GIS section, so that the results can be directly applied to industrial equipment. Two kinds of defect have been investigated: protrusions on the high-voltage conductor, and free metallic particles. The influence of parameters such as gas nature and pressure, voltage level and polarity has been evaluated. First, PD have been measured in conformity with the IEC 60270 standard, and the relevance of this method in a DC environment has been evaluated. Then, other measuring chains have been used to improve the characterization of partial discharges: a steady-state current measurement, a high-frequency current measurement, a light measurement and a measurement of Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) waves. Finally, a relevant signature for defect identification has been designed and extracted from DP recordings. A database has been constituted, and an automated recognition algorithm has been implemented.The results show that the conventional PD measurement technique is not fully adapted to partial discharges detection in DC, corona discharges being the most problematic situation. Nevertheless, this method has brought enough information to start the characterization of PD. The limitations of the conventional method have been explained thanks to the results of the other measurements. These other experimental results have led to an actual improvement of the characterization of protrusion and particle-generated partial discharges. An effective automated defect classification solution has been implemented. The signature is derived from the q(Δt) diagram that has been extracted from the data obtained with the partial discharge conventional measurement. The identification algorithm has a neural network structure
Xiao, Song. "Research on insulation performance of SF6 substitute CF31/CO2 under power frequency voltage and the influence of micro-moisture on CF31." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30184/document.
Full textA large amount of gas insulated equipment are applied widely as the key part of power system. Gas insulated equipment develop quickly and used widely in high and ultra-high voltage field owing to its high stability, less maintenance work, smaller floor space, and flexible configuration. Nowadays, SF6 is adopted as the main insulation medium of gas insulated equipment, which is considered a kind of dangerous greenhouse gas to environment. Global climate warming caused by greenhouse effect brings disastrous consequences to our living conditions. Electric devices account much for the emission of SF6, which makes it urgent to find a kind of environment-friendly substitute insulating gas. Besides, the decomposed products of SF6 under discharge may be corrosive to internal material and poisonous to power workers. In the early period of global research and development of environment-friendly insulated devices, mastering the formula and key technique of substitute gas is vital to electrical development. According to the above circumstance, systematic investigation of the insulating characteristics of CF3I/CO2 mixed gases under power-frequency voltage was carried out firstly, which could provide useful information for the best mixed ratio of CF3I/CO2 and the design of internal structure in matching devices. Then insulating characteristic of CF3I/CO2 and CF3I were tested under a kind of normal insulating defect of free metal particles defect, and the influence of metal particles on the thermodynamic characteristics and transmission properties of CF3I discharge plasma were calculated theoretically. The overall performance of CF3I/CO2 under typical defects were tested for the choice of internal metal materials of electrical devices. Finally, the influence of moisture, the main hazardous material on gas insulated equipment, on the insulating performance of CF3I were conducted experimentally and theoretically, which proved the harmful effect of moisture on the new insulating medium and provided theoretical foundation for the standard constitution of moisture content
Babicz, Sylvain. "Etude diélectrique des isolants plats anodisés pour la conception de machines électriques." Thesis, Artois, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ARTO0204/document.
Full textThe use of state of the art organic enamels, capable to withstand 280 °C, makes the temperature class increase of electrical machine reaching its maximum. A technological breakthrough can be found by the substitution of organic enamel by a ceramic based insulation. Those materials are good dielectrics and their temperature resistance is very high compared to a classical technology. In this work, the studied conductor is an aluminum tape which insulation is obtained by an anodisation, an electrochemical process. This surface treatment makes the aluminum oxidizing: a thin layer of a few micrometres is obtained, thus representing the insulation layer of the conductor. The objectives of those PhD works is to identify and characterize this particular type of conductor so as to demonstrate the ability of using an anodized aluminum tape to makeelectrical machine running up to 400 °C. Measurements of PDIV, PDEV, and breakdown voltage are carried under various environmental conditions (temperatures varying from -70 °C up to 650 °C, variable humidity level). The use of an inverter to supply this high temperature machine induces steep fronts and over voltages. As a consequence, a theoretical model of a coil, made with this kind of conductor, is then proposed and based upon the impedance spectrum of the coil. The aim of this model is to help the designer to predict the first over voltage amplitude and to make the insulation of the first coil according to that. At least, a coil insulation improvement is depicted, using boron oxide: an impregnation is held to reinforce the alumina layer on the edge of the tape
Hammal, Redouane. "Décharges partielles dans les condensateurs tout-film imprégnés." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10006.
Full textMuslim, Joko. "Study of dielectric liquids as alternative encapsulant for high temperature electronics power modules applications." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT109.
Full textTodays, power electronics cover wide range of applications in our daily life, starting from household appliances, communications, transportation systems up to harsh and extreme environment as in oil and gas exploration and the deep space missions. The main deliveries of power electronics are energy efficiency, compact size, reliability, long durability. Improving power electronics will surely mean to deal with materials, the packaging system, switching technologies, heat dissipation, dielectric properties, thermal stability etc. It was since the first arc-mercury rectifying in traction system, and then reshaped by the discovery of classical semiconductor (Si based) and ultimately the wide bandgap semiconductor materials, such as SiC, GaN and carbon based (diamond). They have superior thermal and dielectric properties compared to previous classical semiconductor technologies (Ge, Si and GaAs), and allow devices to operate at higher voltage, temperature and switching frequency in power modules. Unfortunately, these developments are not equally followed by other parts within, such as encapsulant.Despite their key roles to provide mechanical and electrical protection inside a power module, silicone gel as major encapsulant is limited to 200°C, which is far below devices (e.g. SiC at 500°C). Encapsulant came from polymerization and curing process of silicone liquids mixture and transforms into gel. They worked very well when assembly with classical SC devices, but not with WBG SC. Thus, it is necessary to solve this thermal related issue by improving silicone gel or start looking for other type of encapsulant with better thermal performance such as dielectric liquid or gas.Dielectric liquids have been used as insulating medium for high voltage (HV) applications for decades. Their excellent self-healing and arc quenching properties were used in the HV circuit breaker applications even though nowadays replaced by gas. Their low viscosity allow the fluid flow to exchange heat from internal source yielding effective cooling system as in power transformers. Other industries use dielectric liquids as heat transfer liquid at much higher temperature range compare to those in HV applications. Of course as heat transfer liquids, their dielectric properties are out of considerations. Nevertheless, having this wide range of applications spectrum, dielectric liquids seem rather promising and potential as alternative encapsulant. Some questions then aroused such as how are their electrical properties at high temperature (HT) approx. 400°C, are their dielectric properties stable at HT and can they contribute to cooling of devices inside power module.This work presents the initial study of dielectric liquids for HT power electronics module applications. We demonstrated the electrical characterization of several dielectric liquids under influence of temperature such as dielectric spectroscopy and ion mobility measurement, partial discharge, streamers and breakdown. Interesting physical phenomena such as liquid motions due to EHD and natural thermal convection were observed during experiments. Comparison among liquids are showed to indicate the most convenient. In term of application, conditions were adapted and simplified to replicate as those in power module when we performed characterizations to actual ceramic substrates under quasi-uniform to highly divergent electric field with AC, DC and impulse voltage. Many fundamental behaviours of liquids have been confirmed and evidenced at HT range. Governing parameters for electrical properties such as breakdown, charge injection etc. were affirmed.While not all aspects of encapsulant requirement in term of HT are covered, this work has established essential basis for electrical properties of dielectric liquids. Further works are required to fully assess their compatibility as alternative encapsulant, such as thermal ageing process, cooling contribution, complete modelling, etc
Debruyne, Hervé. "Caractérisation et localisation de sources de décharges partielles dans un enroulement." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10053.
Full textDanouj, Boujemâa. "Caractérisation des signatures de décharges partielles en utilisant une nouvelles génération de coupleurs piézoélectriques." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2012. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/1086/1/DANOUJ_Boujem%C3%A2a.pdf.
Full textBoukadoum, Redouane. "Étude des décharges partielles et de leur transition à l’arc dans la connectique aéronautique du futur." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLC019/document.
Full textThe objective of the more electrical aircraft project is the replacement certain of the hydraulic and pneumatic systems by electrical ones. This drastic technological transition will require the increase of the onboard electrical power, which will result in the increase of voltage levels of the embedded networks. Current systems of 28 VDC and 115 VAC (400 Hz) are to be replaced by +/- 270 VDC and 230 VAC (360 to 1000 Hz). These new conditions of voltage levels will have a significant impact on the appearance of partial discharges that were almost absent up until present. Aeronautical grade electrical connectors being one of the major elements of embedded networks, the aim of this thesis is to study the conditions of occurrence of partial discharges in them. In this work, electrostatic modeling is carried out in order to identify the zones within the connectors where there is a strong electric field facilitating the appearance of partial discharges. Also presented are the results of experiments under both DC and AC voltage in which the ignition voltages of partial discharges and their location within the structure of the connector were studied
Lévesque, Mélanie. "Étude des taux de dégradation de barres d'alternateurs soumises à des décharges partielles d'encoche sous différentes contraintes." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2008. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/618/1/L%C3%89VESQUE_M%C3%A9lanie.pdf.
Full textKhedim, Ahmed. "Vieillissement des varistances à base d'oxyde de zinc soumises à des décharges partielles dans l'hexafluorure de soufre." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30061.
Full textParzani, Céline. "Modélisation mathématique d'expansion de plasma et de décharges électriques." Toulouse, INSA, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ISAT0019.
Full textWe are interested in the mathematical and numerical modeling of plasma expansion in vacuum when an electron beam is emitted from the plasma-vacuum interface. From the Euler-Poisson system for each species (ions, electrons), we perform an asymptotic analysis yielding a quasineutral model for the plasma region with a constant current (vanishing or not) and a Child-Langmuir law for the beam region. These two models are connected either considering a pressure term concentrated at the plasma-vacuum interface, either through a transmission layer problem. In one space dimension, a numerical validation of these hypothesis is proposed using a finite volume method with a psceific treatment of the plasma-vacuum interface. Next, the asymptotic model with zero-current in the plasma is derived in the two dimensionnal case. Numerical simulations are obtained using a Lagrange-Projection method with an interface representation deduced from a VOF method. The second part of the thesis is concerned with the modeling of electrical discharges occuring on satellites. A Vlasov model with boundary operator is proposed. An Hilbert expansion gives a Boltzmann-type model in one pace dimension, which is numerically approximated by a particle in cell method. The numerical results show that a high density plasma is obtained
Benmamas, Loucif. "Méthodes d’évaluation du risque de décharges partielles dans le bobinage de machines électriques destinées à la traction automobile." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS451/document.
Full textElectrical machine used in variable speed drives are usually fed by a converter using fast switching power electronics devices. Thus, each stator winding of the machine is subjected to steep-fronted voltage pulses whose distribution over its various turns depends on the parasitic capacitances between turns or between turns and slot walls. Therefore, local areas of high electric field appear within the coil, often resulting in partial discharges activity. This thesis aims to provide accurate and quantified information regarding partial discharge inception when various parameters related to the machine power supply and winding topology so as to help develop expertise with respect to problems related to partial discharges, as well as to deduce machine design rules in this regard
Acheen, Robin. "Détermination et impact de l'existence de décharges partielles dans une chaîne de traction ferroviaire utilisant des composants à base de SiC." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30161.
Full textThe introduction of SiC-based components in the electromechanical chain presents numerous advantages, but has consequences on the reliability of the insulation systems in the machine. For switching frequencies up to 5 kHz, and dV/dt varying from 15 to 30 kV/µs, a system lifetime of around 40 years (or 200 000 hours) must be guaranteed. The question that arises is to know what margin insulation systems of the current equipment have. It is thus necessary to determine whether, under normal operating conditions, phenomena that did not previously exist or were not completely apprehended will appear with the transition to SiC-based inverters. One of these phenomena is Partial Discharge (PD) and its development in machines, and more precisely in the turn-to-turn, turn-to-ground, and phase-to-phase insulation systems. Therefore, the objective of the thesis is to study the influence of the electrical stress imposed by SiC-based components on the insulation of machines. To do so, a first phase of electrical stress identification allows accounting for the constraints undergone by the machine. In a second phase, these constraints are reproduced on representative samples, which are thus subject to accelerated aging, in order to establish aging laws and to study the degradation of the insulation systems under stress
Koliatene, Flavien. "Contribution à l'étude de l'existence des décharges dans les systèmes de l'avionique." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/496/.
Full textThanks to the progress realized in power electronics field, the electric power embarked on the transport vehicles (automobile, railroad, maritime. . . ) is in constant increase. This evolution is also occurring in aircrafts, leading inevitably to an increase of the voltage level. The control flexibility, the facilitated maintenance as well as the cost are the assumed assets of systems called "More Electric". However, the implementation of more electric systems can lead to the occurrence of unfavourable phenomenons to the insulation electrical systems such as discharges. It seemed therefore necessary to develop a study on initiation conditions of Partial Discharges (PD) to guarantee the reliability of insulation systems which is the whole chain of electric power. It is in this frame the work relates to and it is presented in this manuscript. A particular attention is carried out concerning the experimental characterization of the PD existence in the electric systems embarked in aircrafts. This is bound, on one hand, to the specific environment (pressure, temperature, humidity) and, on the other hand, to the increase of the voltage level. Until very recently, this phenomena was not taken into account in the specifications of the embarked electric equipments, considering the low functioning voltage level (115V AC and 28V DC). We remind first of all about the evolution and the need in electric power in the new generations of more and more electric aircraft. A state of the art on the measures of PD is then presented. The phenomenology of electric shocks in the air in particular Paschen law are explained. Finally, corrective expressions coming from the literature are presented and discussed. Then we present the bench test worked out allowing, on one hand the characterization of the electric strain of the air under controlled atmosphere (pressure, temperature and relative humidity) and on the other hand the measures of PD under avionics constraints. .
Sadaoui, Fares. "Comparaison des caractéristiques électriques et optiques des décharges glissantes sur différents types d'isolateurs dans le CO2, le SF6, le N2 et leurs mélanges à différentes pressions." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00985379.
Full textMorette, Nathalie. "Mesure et analyse par apprentissage artificiel des décharges partielles sous haute tension continue pour la reconnaissance de l'état de dégradation des isolants électriques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS006.
Full textPartial discharges (PD) are one of the key drivers of degradation and ageing of insulating materials used in high-voltage switchgear. Consequently, partial discharges measurement has become an essential assessment tool for the monitoring of insulation systems. Given the continuing growth of renewable energy, the transport under direct current (DC) is economically advantageous. However, the relationship between partial discharges characteristics and the degradation of cables insulation under high voltage direct current (HVDC) remains unclear. In this work, a methodology is proposed for ageing state recognition of electrical insulation systems based on PD measurements under DC. For this purpose, original measuring devices have been developed and PD measurements were performed within different cable types under HVDC. In order to ensure a reliable monitoring and diagnosis of the insulation, noise signals must be eliminated. This thesis tackles the problem of the discrimination of partial discharge and noise signals acquired in different environments by applying machine learning methods. The techniques developed are a promising tool to improve the diagnosis of HV equipment under HVDC, where the need to discard automatically noise signals with high accuracy is of great importance. Once disturbances were eliminated from the databases, ageing state recognition was performed on different cable types. The feature extraction, ranking and selection methods, combined with classification techniques allowed to obtain recognition rates up to 100%
Marchal, Alexandre. "Étude et conception d’un nouveau système intégré à une plateforme de monitoring pour la détection des décharges partielles en UHF pour les équipements électriques." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://theses.univ-cotedazur.fr/2019AZUR4025.
Full textSENSeOR has developed a system dedicated to the temperature monitoring for medium and high voltage equipments in order to avoid certain failures that could have major consequences on the electrical grid. However, phenomena other than the increase of the temperature are also present in these equipments like partial discharges (PD) whose detection would make it possible to establish a reliable and effective diagnosis of the apparatus state of health. This is what the presented research work suggests. For this, we will present the characteristics defining the insulation of an electrical equipment and the different properties of the partial discharge phenomenon. We also expose the problems and objectives as well as the interest to focus on the UHF method as a detection method and why targeting on Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) antenna topologies as PD sensors, and why this type of antenna, is a strong ally in the PD detection. The design of a new printed and miniature UWB antenna usable in a harsh and restricted environment, typically a metallic cavity of a medium-voltage cell, is then presented along with the technique used to widen its bandwidth. The last part of this work is dedicated to the development of the complete UHF PD detector with the description of hardware and firmware developments. Finally, various tests set up in laboratory and in situ in order to validate and characterize the designed system are presented
Bezborodko, Pierre. "Etude des mécanismes de décharges partielles dans des cavités gazeuses au contact d'isolants solides ou liquides : relations avec le phénomène de gassing des liquides." Grenoble INPG, 1988. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01848260.
Full textBillard, Thibaut. "Off-line and on-line partial discharges detection in low voltage motors of electric vehicle fed by a PWM inverter using non-intrusive sensor." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2555/.
Full textTo control the speed of the motor in an electric vehicle, one solution is to use in the powertrain an inverter drive with pulse width modulation (PWM). This device is recreating a sinusoidal current on each phase with a high number of short pulses of the same amplitude but with a dynamic duty cycle. Recent advances in power electronics allowed switching time to be quicker and quicker thus creating voltage pulses with shorter and shorter rise time. The use of PWM inverter to fed low voltage is now widespread but not without posing well-known problems regarding the reliability of the machine. When an electric motor is fed with a very number of pulses per second, each pulse is not propagating immediately along the winding and thus the voltage distribution is not uniform as in the sinusoidal case. As a result, most of the voltage is located within the first turns of the coil during the first moment of the switching. When the motor is random wound, first and last turns of the same coil could be adjacent thus putting high demand on the turn-to-turn insulation. Impedance mismatch between power cables and motors terminals could lead to overvoltage which are increasing the electrical stress on the insulation system. In the worst-case scenario, partial discharges could occur and contribute to the gradual deterioration of the insulation materials thus leading to premature failure. If partial discharges are easily detected with sinusoidal voltage with standard testing procedure, it becomes much harder to so when the sample under test is fed by a PWM inverter drive. Indeed, it is very difficult to spot very low amplitude partial discharges signals among very large amplitude voltage and current. Moreover, the PWM inverter is generating electro-magnetical noise, which is highly disturbing in partial discharge detection using RF non-intrusive sensor. Worse still, some electric motors having passed successfully AC or repetitive impulses acceptance tests may still fail prematurely when fed by a PWM inverter drive. The aim of this Ph. D thesis is thus to develop a non-intrusive partial discharges detection method, using a non-intrusive sensor, off-line and on-line in an electric motor fed by a PWM inverter drive. To achieve this, a series of experiments, gradually growing in complexity, will test the detection method with harsher and harsher conditions, thus closer and closer to realistic electric vehicle operating conditions. From a single-phase test on an electric stator to a full-scale test on an industrial engine test bench, off-line and on-line detection proves to be possible. In addition, visual observations and experiments have been carried out to better understand the physics of the observed light emitting discharges
Cella, Benjamin. "On-line partial discharges detection in conversion systems used in aeronautics." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30337/document.
Full textThe more electrical airplane concept led industrial companies to focus a part of their efforts on risks linked to the use of high voltage in a severe environment (Low pressure, wide range of temperature and humidity …). Associated risks are the existence and the growing of partial discharges ultimately leading to the breakdown of the system in which they occur. Considering this problematic, the Liebherr Elektronik GmbH group, in collaboration with the Laplace laboratory, launched the study of a method allowing partial discharges detection in converters intended to be used in aeronautical applications. The results of this work are the subject of this thesis. The first part brings the status of the current knowledge about partial discharges from their physical nature to the detection methods which are used. In the second part, three measurement phases assessing the efficiency of the studied method are introduced and their results discussed. Finally, in the third part, the conclusionsof our works and their perspectives are presented
Lopez-Castello, Celine. "Effet des pointes inter-critiques sur le développement cognitif : attention et imagerie mentale visuelles dans l’épilepsie bénigne partielle idiopathique de l’enfance." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20046/document.
Full textBenign idiopathic partial epilepsies of children are associated with a favorable prognosis because of rare seizure and usually recovery during adolescence. The benign nature of these syndromes is questioned because of learning difficulties and subtle cognitive deficits, frequently reported in this population. We study the incidence of the epileptic discharges on the cognition, and observe their influences on brain organization and cognitive functions. We propose computerized tests to patients with centrotemporal spikes (BECT) mainly localized in one of both hemispheres and occipital discharges, Panayiotopoulos syndrome (PS), to estimate verbal, visuo-spatial and visuo-attentional skills, as well as three visual imagery processes still never studied in these syndromes. Behavioural data strengthen the idea of a specific disturbances according to the hemispheric lateralization of the discharges and confirm their incidence on the organization of the functional hemispheric asymmetry associated with the studied functions. Furthermore, we show that PS has a particularly negative impact on the visual imagery process, important skills in the child's academic success and enrichment of his imagination. Our results are consistent with the current questioning of the benign nature of epilepsy on the cognitive level. Compare the deficits and the functional hemispheric asymmetry according to the main localization of discharges gets new arguments for a specific impact of the epileptiform activity, because only the cognitive mechanisms underlain by the concerned regions are disrupted. This provides evidence to explain the learning difficulties identified in these children, and encourages them to provide educational facilities
Balcon, Nicolas. "Décharges radio fréquence à pression atmosphérique, diagnostic et modèle numérique." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00211176.
Full textL'espace inter-électrode de 2 mm est ouvert sur l'air ambiant et alimenté en argon par une centaine d'orifices submillimétriques répartis régulièrement sur l'électrode supérieure. Cette configuration permet d'effectuer un traitement de la surface de films polymères en ligne, sans éteindre la décharge entre les échantillons successifs. Une augmentation importante et durable du caractère hydrophile est rapidement obtenue sans risque d'endommager le polymère.
Le diagnostic du plasma est effectué par spectroscopie d'émission et par mesures électriques. L'élargissement de Stark de la raie d'hydrogène Balmer β permet d'estimer la densité électronique dans les filaments à 10^15/cm3. Pour le mode homogène, une approximation basée sur l'équilibre entre la puissance RF transmise et dissipée par le plasma conduit à une densité de 5×10^11/cm3. Les rapports d'intensité des lignes spectrales d'argon neutre et d'ion Ar+ sont introduits dans l'équation de Saha pour calculer la température électronique. Dans le mode homogène la température estimée à 1.3 eV est légèrement plus faible que dans les filaments à 1.7 eV.
Un modèle fluide auto-cohérent unidimensionnel est également développé pour étudier plus précisément le comportement de la décharge dans son mode homogène. L'équation de Poisson pour le champs électrique est couplée aux premiers moments de l'équation de Boltzmann (équation de continuité, équation de dérive-diffusion et équation d'énergie). Les coefficients de transport et de réaction sont obtenus à partir de l'énergie moyenne des électrons.
Le modèle est appliqué à une cinétique chimique réduite de l'argon contenant les principaux processus d'ionisation et d'excitation. Les résultats de simulations sont en bon accord avec les mesures expérimentales. La décharge RF atmosphérique est comparable aux décharges RF classiques basse pression dans lesquelles l'ionisation a majoritairement lieu dans les gaines oscillantes, là où les électrons ont le plus d'énergie.
Karadjian, Marine. "Endurance et tenue diélectrique de l’isolation de câbles électriques pour l’aéronautique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLC104/document.
Full textIn future "more electric" aircraft, the increase in on board electrical power will result in an increase in voltage. The voltages envisaged today are lower than 1000 V DC, but higher values can be considered in the medium to long term. It is therefore essential to study possible premature degradation of existing equipment induced by this rise in voltage. This thesis work, specifically on aeronautical cables, is a contribution to this goal. The examined cables, consisting of a multi-stranded core on which PTFE and PI layers are wound, have undergone various static and dynamic accelerated thermal aging, under humidity, without or with electrical stress. Aging has been carried out in some cases for more than 9000 hours. Partial discharges (DP) were studied on these cables in terms of the appearance voltage PDIV and RPDIV. These DPs can occur outside the cable but alsoinside (for higher voltages) in the air gaps between the insulation and the conductive strands. This location has been confirmed by an electrostatic model. The effect of aging was only found in the case of internal discharges, with in some cases a significant reduction in RPDIV values.Physicochemical analyses of the electrical insulation system were carried out as well as x-ray radiography. Chemical modifications of the interfaces of the insulation system occur during aging. For the most advanced aging (after 9000h under thermal stress at 240°C), these changes result in the formation of cavities where DP can then take place. Finally, electrostatic measurements of surface potential (decline and return after neutralization) have shown, well before the observation of cavities, an increase in conductivity of one of the layers of the insulation
Douar, Adnane. "Recherche de matériaux isolants pour la conception d'une nouvelle génération de connecteurs électriques haute tension : influence de la pollution sur les phénomènes de décharges partielles du contournement et de claquage." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECDL0046/document.
Full textIn the present study, we deal with an essential problem related to electrical lines accessories and more particularly to piercing connectors (TTDC 45501FA) commercialized by a private company named Sicame and which is located in Arnac-Pompadour (Corrèze, France). This product/accessory is designed to provide power diversions on medium voltage live lines HVA operating between 15 and 25kV. However, it becomes required to design a new generation of piercing connectors able to operate on 52kV live lines because of the electrical power demands that are steadily increasing. Actually, the main concerns about these products are the occurrence of partial discharges within the insulating material volume (polyamide 6 containing 50%wt of glass fibers). Most of the time, these discharges induce an early ageing process of the accessory under the combined effects of a corrosive environment (as salt fog) and an electric field threshold. Thus, the main objective of the present Ph.D. thesis is to carry out an appropriate choice of insulating materials among several tested polymers such as thermoplastics and thermosetting epoxy resins and EPDM elastomers that are capable of withstanding several constraints: thermal and electrical and mechanical and chemical conditions. The experimental section is focusing on the measurements of flashover voltage and partial discharges activity propagating on polymeric surfaces and breakdown voltage within material bulks under A.C voltage. That is why polymeric samples with plane surfaces and textured surfaces are molded to compare their resistance to partial discharges when being subjected to polluted environments such as salt fog; these measurements are necessary to choose the suitable materials for the required application to be integrated in the new generation of connectors. Then, the optical and electrical characterization results of creeping discharges propagating on several polymeric surfaces under lightning impulse (L.I.) voltage with its both polarities (positive and negative) and for two kinds of applied electric field (normal and tangential) are presented in the case of solid/air interfaces. Final length measurements of creepage discharges are the main parameter for distinguishing material properties. The whole obtained results (under AC and LI voltages) allow us to point out the cycloaliphatic epoxy resins as potential candidates to the conception of a new generation of piercing connectors. In addition, the electric field simulation and modelling of the TTDC 45501FA connector by using the Flux 2D/3D software seems to be helpful to design a connector prototype which exhibits a new geometry and is able to reach a voltage level that equals 52kV
Abadie, Cédric. "On-line non-intrusive partial discharges detection in aeronautical systems." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30041/document.
Full textThe development of power electronics in recent years has led to increase power density and to decrease pulse width modulation (PWM) voltage inverter cost. These developments have expanded the use of power converters for variable speed drive applications which enabled the development of the concept of "more electric aircraft". This concept consists in replacing one of energy carriers (pneumatic or hydraulic) with electrical energy. However, the deployment of electrical energy has increased the onboard voltage, which leads to premature aging of onboard electrical equipment. The shape of the PWM voltage consists of pulse trains. With the application of these pulses, the voltage is no longer homogeneously distributed along the coil. In this case, large differences in potential between the strands are present. In addition, another important parameter derived from the winding type motor used in industry. The random winding is the most common technique for low voltage motors due to its lower cost. The risk generated by this type of winding is that the first and the last turns of the first coil can be facing one another. In this case, up to 80% of the voltage will be supported by a few tens of microns of enamel, and existing insulation systems are not designed to withstand such severe constraints. The use of long cable connecting the inverter to the motor can also cause significant overvoltage at the motor terminals. This phenomenon is explained by the fact that the cable behaves as a transmission line to which the motor coils is not adapted in terms of impedance. In addition, these large potential differences associated with low pressures in the depressurized areas of the aircraft, may cause the occurrence of partial discharge. Partial discharges are electrical discharges that short-circuited partially the gap between two conductors. There are many detection methods well known under AC and DC voltage, however, in the case of the detection under PWM like voltage in low-voltage motors, the detection is much more complex. Partial discharge signals are embedded in the electromagnetic noise generated by the switching. The aim of this thesis is to develop a detection method and filtering method enabling a non-intrusive and an "on-line" partial discharges detection in the aeronautical field in order to qualify the electrical insulation systems used in aircraft
Neacsu, Claudiu. "Contribution à l'étude des défaillances statoriques des machines asynchrones : mise au point et réalisation d'un test non destructif de fin de fabrication." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30113.
Full textGavrilenko, Veronika. "Characterization of winding insulation of electrical machines fed by voltage waves with high dV/dt." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPAST027.
Full textThe insulation of electrical machines driven by power converters with pulse width modulation are subjected to repetitive surges due to fast changing voltage pulses and reflection phenomena in supply cable, as well as non-uniform voltage distribution in the stator winding. The overvoltage at motor terminals may lead to partial discharge inception accelerating winding insulation degradation and causing its premature failure. The implementation of wide bandgap power semiconductors as Silicon Carbide allows to create converters with high power density for variable frequency drive applications. The fast and high frequency switching of electronic devices based on wide bandgap semiconductors increase electrical stresses caused by steep voltage changing rates in controlled electrical machine. It may increase a risk of partial discharges and accelerate insulation aging and destruction. The experimental investigation and numerical simulation study performed in this work is essentially focused on the effects of impulse voltage with high dV/dt and high switching frequency on winding insulation robustness of inverter-fed electrical machines. Therefore, the work covers a number of issues related to electric drives, power electronics, electrical machines, dielectric materials and partial discharges
Szczepanski, Mateusz. "Development of methods allowing the test and the comparison of low-voltage motors insulation systems running under partial discharges (fed by inverter)." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30073.
Full textSince the development of power electronic components, which allowed the manufacturing of reliable and efficient inverters, variable speed drives using inductive motors have become more and more popular. The PWM technique has proven to be a very effective method of rotational speed control. However, the fast changing voltage pulses, with very steep slopes (in the order of a few kV/µs), has brought new hazards for the electrical insulation system of such motors. Very high frequency harmonic components of PWM voltage will result in significant overvoltage due to an impedance mismatch between the cable and the motor. As an effect, the voltage seen by some parts of the insulation system may exceed the Partial Discharge Inception Voltage (PDIV) stating localized partial discharges activity. The insulation system in low-voltage machines (called type I) is based almost entirely on polymer materials, which are not able to support partial discharge activity throughout their lives. Due to the use of frequency inverters especially the primary insulation of the magnet wire is endangered in comparison with system-powered machines. As a result this is often the weakest link of the insulation system leading to a premature breakdown of the machine. The aim of this thesis is to investigate and analyze the aging process of the enameled wire exposed to different factors and to propose a method allowing to predict their lifespans in given conditions. This study introduces a prediction based on the Design of Experiments method and the statistical Weibull distribution. Thanks to the model obtained with short multi-stress (temperature, voltage, frequency) aging tests, it is possible to predict the results of significantly longer ones. Moreover, the adapted methodology is proposed that allows to predict the scatter of the long tests basing on the short-time results dispersion. The predictions are compared with the experimental data in order to prove the model accuracy
Duchesne, Cyrille. "Contribution à l'étude de la gradation de potentiel dans les modules de puissance haute tension." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1518/.
Full textIn railway applications, the increase of the power density leads to the development of more and more integrated inverters. This integration is only possible if each component has its own well-established design rule. Regarding the insulating materials, a wide characterisation of the different materials ensuring the packaging functions is all the more necessary that it may lead to a better understanding of their failure mechanisms. This last point will become crucial if the actual trend (decrease of the module size and increase of the component voltage level) is extended. Electrical stress grading inside the module appears therefore as a key issue to ensure the integrity of the systems. This work is a contribution to stress grading effect and different solutions are examined in details. Among others, we focus particularly on hybrid materials and floating potential conductive lines. Various tools are used and developed both from a theoretical and from a practical point of view to achieve this characterization. Finite Element Method (FEM) is used to predict the stress distribution in the structure under study. Materials presenting non-linear I(V) characteristics are characterised and their results are discussed in details. Alternative methods are also proposed to characterise them directly through the measurement of the potential distribution (thanks to a Kelvin probe) and indirectly via Partial Discharge measurements. Then, a stress grading method using floating potential conductive lines inspired by guard rings and field limiting plates is proposed. An optimisation of the structure thanks to FEM method and through a dielectric characterisation using partial discharge and dielectric strength measurements is achieved
Do, Minh Tuan. "Propriétés diélectriques des gels isolants : application aux composants d'électronique de puissance." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00377405.
Full textBrun, Emilie. "Vieillissement hygrothermique d'un composite résine époxyde silice et impact sur sa rigidité diélectrique." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00440812.
Full textNguyen, Manh Quan. "Étude de l'impact des contraintes aéronautiques sur les systèmes d'isolation des moteurs de conditionnement d'air." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU30165.
Full textThis study falls within the framework of a cooperation project between the Laplace Laboratory, the companies Liebherr Aerospace and Technofan and the SMEs Delty, ADN and Cirtem. The principal theme is the study of electrical insulation systems of rotating machines (thermal class 180°C), fed by PWM inverter and operating in a aeronautic environment. The first part of this work focuses on the one hand on the experimental quantification of risks associated with the electrical insulation systems of the future motors used in the pressurization of the ''more electric'' aircrafts, and on the other hand on the selection of enamelled wires considered to design their insulation system. The second part is dedicated to a new solution to protect low voltage motors subject to severe functional and environmental constraints. This solution is based on the use of silica particles (micro-particles or nano-particles) dispersed in the impregnation varnish. In order to estimate the corresponding properties of such varnishes, different experimental investigation are detailed and analyzed in accordance with the size of particles. The goal is to inscrease the resistance to partial discharges of varnish but without deterioration of its other dielectric properties (electric conductivity and dielectric strength) and its mechanical strength
Loubeau, Florian. "Analyse des phénomènes de vieillissement des matériaux d’isolation électrique de machines de traction électrique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT086/document.
Full textDesign and validation of a new electric motor require an examination of the behavior of the electrical insulating materials under different stresses. Characterizations were performed during aging, thermal, hydrothermal, thermomechanical and electrical, both on the materials, with a special focus on the impregnating resins: a polyesterimide and a filled epoxy, and on models of the electrical system. Other materials have also been characterized such as the enamel covering the copper, with a formulation based on polyesterimide and polyamide-imide, and two 3-layer insulating papers based on Nomex® and Kapton® for the first and on Nomex® and PET for the second. Physicochemical analyses (mass loss, IR and dielectric spectroscopies, optical microscopy) and mechanical characterizations (3-points bending) allowed the identification of the degradation mechanisms during thermal and hydrothermal aging. The effects of the applied stresses on the motorettes were evidenced by measurements of partial discharges. Correlations with the observed behaviors of the materials were underlined, such as the loss of enamel adhesion or the delamination of the epoxy resin. The influence of the waveform on the PDIV has also been studied and it revealed no significant difference between sinus wave and square wave. Simulations of electric fields on the motorettes are in agreement with the measurements of partial discharge inception voltages (PDIV) and with the influence of temperature on these PDIV
Daniel, Priscillia. "Etude des propriétés électriques de câbles isolés au polyéthylène réticulé en présence de cavités gazeuses et vieillis sous tensions DC ou DC avec harmoniques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT114.
Full textIn order to accommodate large scale renewable energy, electrical networks integrates more and more high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems. Interface between AC and DC networks is ensured by power converters which also generate harmonics. It is known that during crosslinking process of polyethylene (XLPE), microcavities appear inside polymer matrix. This study aims to examine possible impact of these harmonics in presence of microcavities. Depending on their size and on the electrical field, partial discharges (PD) can occur in these microcavities. Two types of cables have been aged: a medium voltage AC (MVAC) cable with millimetric cavities induced artificially and a model cable with an HVDC XLPE grade. MVAC cable sections have been submitted to DC voltage under temperatures between 90 to 120°C. Model cables have been subjected to superimposed DC plus 1800 Hz AC voltages under temperatures from 70 to 90°C. Ageing have been characterized by PD, current and dielectric spectroscopy measurements. In presence of millimetric cavities, ageing have caused a decrease in PD inception voltage (PDIV) and an increase in PD magnitude. For model cable, PDIV values have been assigned, according to a proposed model, to cavities of about 10 µm in diameter. Conduction currents were increased and space charges threshold field decreased depending on ageing. Finally, dielectric spectroscopy characterisations have shown differences between thermal and electrothermal ageing. Electrical field enhancement factors under DC voltage have been estimated in various cavity geometries thanks to numerical simulations. These factors reveal to be higher than the ones used under AC voltage. Space charges involvement in PD phenomena inside cavities is discussed based on measurements and simulations
Gottin, Bertrand. "Analyse multi-capteurs de signaux transitoires issus de systèmes électriques." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00565368.
Full textCollin, Philippe. "Design, taking into account the partial discharges phenomena, of the electrical insulation system (EIS) of high power electrical motors for hybrid electric propulsion of future regional aircrafts." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30116.
Full textReducing CO2 emissions is a major challenge for Europe in the years to come. Nowadays, transport is the source of 24% of global CO2 emissions. Aviation accounts for only 2% of global CO2 emissions. However, air traffic is booming and concerns are emerging. For instance, CO2 emissions from air traffic have increased by 61% in Sweden since the 1990s. This explains the emergence of the "Flygskam" movement which is spreading in more and more European countries. It is in this context that the European Union launched in September 2016 the project Hybrid Aircraft Academic research on Thermal and Electrical Components and Systems (HASTECS). The consortium brings together different laboratories and Airbus. This project is part of the program "Clean Sky 2" which aims to develop a greener aviation. The ambitious goal is to reduce CO2 emissions and the noise produced by aircraft by 20% by 2025. To do that, the consortium is studying a serial hybrid architecture. Propulsion is provided by electric motors. Two targets are defined. In 2025, the engines must reach a power density of 5kW/kg, including the cooling system. In 2035, the power density of the engines will be doubled to reach 10kW/kg. To reach these targets, the voltage level will be considerably increased, beyond one kilovolt. The risk of electric discharges in the stators of electric motors is considerably increased. The objective of this thesis is to develop a tool to assist in the design of the primary Electrical Insulation System (EIS) of the stator of an electric motor controlled by a converter. It is organized in 5 parts. The first part begins by clarifying the issues and challenges of a greener aviation. The electric motor stator EIS is developed. Finally, the constraints that apply to the EIS in the aeronautical environment are identified. The second part presents the different types of electric discharges that can be found. The main risk comes from Partial Discharges (PD) which gradually deteriorate the EIS. The main mechanism for explaining the appearance of PD is the electronic avalanche. The Paschen criterion makes it possible to evaluate the Partial Discharge Inception Voltage (PDIV). Different techniques are used to detect and measure the activity of PD. Numerical models are used to evaluate the PDIV. The third part presents an original method for determining the electric field lines in an electrostatic problem. It only uses a scalar potential formulation. The fourth part presents an experimental study to establish a correction of the Paschen criterion. An electric motor winding is very far from the hypotheses in which this criterion was originally defined. Finally, the fifth part is devoted to the development of the SIE design aid tool. Graphs are generated to provide recommendations on the sizing of the various insulators in a stator slot. A reduction in the PDIV due to a combined variation in temperature and pressure is taken into account
Moeneclaey, Julien. "Méthode de conception des bobinages des actionneurs électriques adaptés aux nouvelles contraintes de l'avionique." Thesis, Artois, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ARTO0201/document.
Full textThe More Electric Aircraft development is reflected by a bigger use of the electrical actuators, which replace the hydraulic or pneumatic system existing or they can also answer to new needs. The energy distribution on board is based on a high voltage continuous bus of 540V connected to electrical power converter. The electric power wide band gap components (SiC, GaN) improve the converters performances but very steep of voltage edge is imposed on the windings of the electric actuators. Each edge excites a transitory regime including an important surge which corresponds to intense electric fields in the inter-turns insulation of coils. When this repetitive electrical constraint exceeds the partial discharges inception voltage (PDIV), the life time of the organic layer between the turns is strongly reduced. The detailed study of the partial discharges (PD) in the area which separate the enamel wire of the windings allows to locate the area where the PD appears. The use of thermo-bonding, with a bonding thickness adapted, allows to raise PDIV beyond the repetitive edge of voltage for the actuators which work in the pressurized parts of the planes. The orderly windings solutions were tested on impregnated cylindrical coils. This analysis shows that the impregnation increases slightly the PDIV from the inter-turns insulation in proportions that do not totally correspond to the intrinsic characteristics of the used varnish. Therefore, the impregnated coils must be conceived on the basis of the primary insulation performance of the enamelled wire. The turn’s arrangement in an orderly coil allows to distribute the constraints and so to conceive the windings which can resist the compulsory repetitive of voltage spikes by the inverter in low pressures corresponding to not pressurized zones in a plane during the flight. A model, based on HF equivalent schema taking in consideration the first two resonances of the elementary coils, allows to analyse the constraints distribution between the coils connected in series of a machine phase
Reynes, Hugo. "Conception d'un module électronique de puissance pour application haute tension." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI035.
Full textThe supply of carbon-free energy is possible with renewable energy. However, windfarms and solar power plants are geographically away from the distribution points. Transporting the energy using the HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) technology allow for a better yield along the distance and result in a cost effective approach compared to HVAC (High Voltage Alternative Current) lines. Thus, there is a need of high voltage power converters using power electronics. Recent development on wide bandgap semiconductors, especially silicon carbide (SiC) allow a higher blocking voltage (around 10 kV) that would simplify the design of such power electronic converters. On the other hand, the development on packaging technologies needs to follow this trend. In this thesis, an exploration of technological and normative limitation has been done for a high voltage power module design. The main hot spot are clearly identified and innovative solutions are studied to provide a proper response with a low impact on parasitic parameters. Partial Discharges (PD) on ceramic substrates is analyzed and a solution of a high Partial Discharge Inception Voltage (PDIV) is given based on geometrical parameters. The XHP-3 like power modules are studied and a solution allowing a use under 10 kV at a high pollution degree (PD3) is given
Salameh, Farah. "Méthodes de modélisation statistique de la durée de vie des composants en génie électrique." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/16622/1/Salameh_Farah.pdf.
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