Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Déchet solide'
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Prin-Ferreira, Laurence. "Etude du comportement hydraulique d'une gehlénite synthétique et de l'élimination d'inclusions de chaux, en vue de la valorisation de deux sous-produits de la sidérurgie : les laitiers cristallisés et les scories issues du procédé Linz-Donawitz." Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN10133.
Full textIn a first part, we studied the hydraulic reactivity of gehlenite, principal component of the crystallized slags, with the principal components of Portland cements, i. E. The silicates and the tricalcium aluminates and the dicalcium silicate, as well as with aluminates CA and C12A7. We showed the inertia of gehlenite when it is used alone and a low reactivity in the presence of the additions, mainly with C3S, where the formation of C4ACH11 confirms the surface hydraulic reactivity of gehlenite. Tests in basic environment confirmed that the increase in the alkalinity of the environment promotes the hydration of gehlenite. It is shown that the reactivity of gehlenite increases when it is crushed finely; there is then hydrated gehlenite formation C2ASH8. The mechanical performances of mortars containing crystallized slags (made up primarily of gehlenite) and cements such as the use of crystallized slags, when they are crushed finely, is possible. In one second part, our objective went on tests of neutralization of the quicklime present in slags of steel-works. It was noted that the addition of acid salts to slag is effective only at the time of th,e attack of the slags crushed by the acid solutions. The formation of the hydrates oflarnite [beta]C2S (portlandite and ettringite), allows the direct contact between acid salts and the lime which then is completely neutralized. Tests at high temperature were carried out on sintered pastilles, placed under conditions close to those of the converter. The results obtained by addition of 5 % of alumina-silica mixtures or fly ash showed that the free lime had completely disappeared to be trapped in the form of silicate and of aluminate. With the additives less rich in acid oxides, like the crystallized or granulated slags or aluminate C12A7, the capacity of inertage is limited
Wavrer, Philippe. "Apport à la théorie de l'échantillonnage des solides hétérogènes : application à des grandeurs mesurées sur matières premières, secondaires et ultimes." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL166N.
Full textHernandez, Ana Belén. "Caractérisation des rejets gaz-solide d'un procédé de gazéification de biomassses complexes appliqué au traitement des boues de station d'épuration." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4303/document.
Full textThis work focuses on the potential of thermal gasification process (organic matter and fixed carbon conversion to combustible gases) to combine sustainable sewage sludge treatment and valorization (matter and energy). Some pollutants are produced by this process (as a consequence of the sewage sludge composition, mainly metal and nitrogen's content). Firstly, the influence of operating conditions on metal's distribution among the phases (solid and gas) is investigated. The localization (bearing phases), speciation and mobility of metals retained in the produced solid are also analyzed, aiming to determine the environmental risks which they involve. Next, produced nitrogen and sulfur compounds are followed, showing that temperature and treatment atmosphere are the main parameters. Those findings allowed us to propose à two-thermal-stage process, the first stage aiming to get rid of pollutants in the solid and the second one aiming to produce combustible gases. Finally, a theoretical model basis concerning hydrodynamics and kinetics in a fluidized bed is proposed
Mirghaffari, Nourollah. "Décontamination des solutions contenant des métaux lourds par des déchets forestiers ou agricoles." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL058N.
Full textLeduc, Sophie. "Émissions gazeuses issues de déchets radioactifs solides." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24043/24043.pdf.
Full textYazbeck-Karam, Mouawad Rita. "L'élimination des déchets solides hospitaliers au Liban." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO1T235.
Full textLeduc, Sophie. "Émissions gazeuzes issues de déchets radioactifs solides." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18588.
Full textAkhiar, Afifi. "Caractérisation de la fraction liquide des digestats issus de la codigestion de résidus solides." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTS004/document.
Full textAgricultural and centralized biogas plants are facing a fast development, leading to the production of huge amounts of digestates. Whereas the solid fraction of digestates is used as fertilizer, the liquid fraction can be valorized by the recovery of mineral materials, although the presence of organic compounds may be problematic for the treatment and disposal of this effluent. The objectives of this thesis are: i) to characterize the liquid fraction of digestates and to provide guidelines for its further treatment, ii) to explain the variability of residual compounds in the liquid fraction of digestates in relation with substrate origin, process parameters and the type of solid-liquid separation. In a first part, eleven digestates from full scale codigestion plants were thoroughly characterized. Their liquid fractions were fractionated by nine successive filtrations, which allowed quantifying the contribution of suspended particles, coarse and fine colloids and dissolved matter on several physico-chemical and biological parameters. Organic compounds were mainly found in suspended particles (> 1.2 µm) and presented low aerobic biodegradability. To enlarge the data base, eighteen more digestates from codigestion and one digestate from waste activated sludge were characterized; their liquid fractions were fractionated by two successive filtrations (1.2 μm and 1 kDa). Principal component analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis and correlation matrix carried out on the 30 digestates set, highlighted the major impact of the solid-liquid separation process on the composition of the liquid fraction of digestates. In the high performance separation process group, subgroups allowed separating digestates from sewage sludge, digestates from pig manure and digestates from plug-flow thermophilic processes. In the low performance separation process group, COD and total solids concentration in the liquid fraction of digestates were correlated to the percentage of energy crops and cow manure in the feed. Finally, SUVA parameter which accounts for aromatic compounds content and the stabilization of organic matter, was correlated to the retention time in digester for the whole digestates set. To understand the origin of residual compounds in the liquid fraction of digestates from co-digestion of high proportions of cattle manure, four CSTR reactors fed with wheat straw, cow dung and cow manure were operated for 48 weeks. Anaerobic digestion performances showed that cow manure had undergone some aerobic degradation during its storage at the farm. Therefore, the liquid fraction of manure digestate had the highest concentrations in organic compounds. In addition, these organic compounds had the highest complexity measured by 3D fluorimetry. The low biodegradability of organic compounds and their high percentage in suspended particles suggest the development of physico-chemical separation process such as coagulation for the treatment of the liquid fraction of digestates
Segbeaya, Kwamivi Nyonuwosro. "Evaluation de l'impact des déchets ménagers de la ville de Kara (Togo) sur la qualité de la rivière Kara." Limoges, 2012. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/382a0337-37c6-4c06-8267-1744baf19e43/blobholder:0/2012LIMO4057.pdf.
Full textThe focus of this research is to identify the indicators of the impact of municipal solid waste on the river Kara. The Physical and chemical composition of the waste, bacteriological and physical and chemical quality of water and the capacity of sediment to mobilize and transfer the pollutants, are considered to define these indicators. The organic matter is particular used to predict the biodegradation of the waste and evaluate the decrease of the water quality. The capacity of sediment to transfer the heavy metal is shown by leaching performed under conditions of forced dissolution. The waste of city from Kara contains one high proportion of the fine fraction and the percentage of the putrescible fraction is characteristic of the waste of countries in development. The test of biodegradation has confirmed the freshness state of the waste collected in households and the waste coming from service activities. The monitoring spatiotemporal of the bacteriological and physical and chemical parameters of the water and sediment has permitted to identify the organic matter and metal elements as one of the best indicators of the impact of the management waste on the river Kara
Diawara, Amadou Bélal. "Les déchets solides a Dakar. Environnement, sociétés et gestion urbaine." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00466516.
Full textDiawara, Amadou Bélal. "Les déchets solides à Dakar : environnement, sociétés et gestion urbaine." Bordeaux 3, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00466516.
Full textDakar faces an important deficit in equipment and basic urban public services. Among the sectors affected by this deficiency, that of the taking charge of solid waste. At its birth in the xxe century, colonial authorities limited the collection and cleaning services to only European districts of the town. Since the independence, a quick urban denseness which did not gain control of, brought organisms of collection, to apply a sociodifferentiate management between central equipped areas, and a little urbanized margin beltways. Domestic hygiene was not very affected by this functioning. But the weakness of the official offer, bring the populations to adopt alternatives mechanisms a little suitable for the disposal of garbage : anarchists rejection, burial or traditional burning. With the law acquittal of Mbeubeus which receives the whole waste of the built up area, these practices cause the pollution of the environment. It also damage the living condition of the population, and put in danger their health. A global management policy of waste is necessary. Intervening on the whole chain, it must integrate the banal production, but also that said dangerous medical and industrial waste
Rouez, Maxime. "Dégradation anaérobie de déchets solides : caractérisation, facteurs d'influence et modélisations." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ISAL0061.
Full textCharacterisation of municipal solid waste (MSW) biodegradation phenomena, understanding of factors influencing those phenomena and prediction of MSW behaviour under anaerobic conditions are important issues for an efficient MSW management. This study explored those three thematics by means of controlled anaerobic tests performed with MSW and fractions of MSW. The obtained results showed that, for the different studied wastes, anaerobic biodegradability is well correlated with aerobic biodegradability, but weakly correlated with chemical characterisation, which remained unsufficient. The experimental study demonstrated the difficulty in performing an optimised Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) test, particularly from a kinetic point of view. Degradable and available organic matter quantity with regard to the bacterial activity within the test are important factors, whose control remained fussy. Also, specific trials confirmed the actual knowledge on factors affecting the biogas production, such as particle size and water content. A modeling approach of increasing complexity was implemented to represent some of the laboratory scale experiments. Beyond the difficulty to integrate all studied influence factors, a sufficient model has been identified for each specific condition
Pastor, Poquet Vicente. "Experimental and modeling assessment of the main bio-physical-chemical mechanisms and kinetics in high-solids anaerobic digestion of organic waste High-Solids Anaerobic Digestion requires a tradeoff between Total Solids, Inoculum-to-Substrate Ratio and Ammonia Inhibition Semi-continuous Mono-digestion of OFMSW and Co-digestion of OFMSW with Beech Sawdust: Assessment of the Maximum Operational Total Solid Content High-solids anaerobic digestion model for homogenized reactors Non-Ideal Bio-Physical-Chemical Effects on High-Solids Anaerobic Digestion of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC2206.
Full textThe organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) includes readily biodegradable wastes such as food waste, and slowly biodegradable wastes such as lignocellulosic materials. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a mature treatment biotechnology in which OFMSW is decomposed to a mixture of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), known as biogas. Due to the elevated CH4 content (50-70%), biogas can be used as a source of renewable energy. Moreover, AD yields a partially stabilized digestate, allowing the recycle of nutrients to agriculture. High-solids anaerobic digestion (HS-AD) is a well-suited strategy to enhance the overall AD efficiency for OFMSW treatment. HS-AD is operated at a total solid (TS) content ≥ 10%, permitting to reduce the reactor size and overall operational costs. Nonetheless, the TS increase can result into biochemical instability, and even reactor failure by acidification. Both the high organic load and the buildup of inhibitors can be responsible for the HS-AD instability. The most notable inhibitor in HS-AD of OFMSW is NH3. Therefore, a balance is often required between enhancing the HS-AD economy and the ‘undesired’ instability for OFMSW treatment. This PhD research investigated the main bio-physical-chemical mechanisms and kinetics in HS-AD of OFMSW, with the aim to optimize the industrial application and maximize the kinetic rates. Laboratory-scale batch and semi-continuous experiments highlighted the main strengths and weaknesses of HS-AD. Simultaneously, the development of a HS-AD model permitted to condense the experimental knowledge about the bio-physical-chemical effects occurring when increasing the TS content in HS-AD.HS-AD batch experiments required a tradeoff between the initial TS, the inoculum-to-substrate ratio (ISR), the alkalinity and the nitrogen content, to assess the effects of increasing the initial TS content upon the methane yield, TS removal and chemical oxygen demand conversion. Particularly, a low ISR led to acidification, whereas the NH3 buildup led to volatile fatty acid (VFA) accumulation, reducing the methane yield, whether or not co-digestion of OFMSW with beech sawdust was used.In semi-continuous experiments, HS-AD of OFMSW required a reduced effluent compared to the influent to counterbalance the organic mass removal associated to the biogas production. Nonetheless, mono-digestion of readily-biodegradable OFMSW could not sustain a TS ≥ 10% without exacerbating the risk of substrate overload. Overloading was associated to the high biodegradability and the NH3 buildup. Thus, adding sawdust to OFMSW permitted to operate the reactors up to 30% TS, due to the lower biodegradability and nitrogen content of lignocellulosic substrates. As the main novelty of this PhD research, a HS-AD model based on the Anaerobic Digestion Model No.1 (ADM1) was developed. This model simulates the reactor mass and TS in HS-AD, in contrast of models focusing on ‘wet’ AD simulations (TS < 10%). Moreover, the HS-AD model considers also the TS concentration effect on soluble species. A ‘non-ideal’ bio-physical-chemical module, modifying predominantly the acid-base equilibriums, was subsequently coupled to the HS-AD model. Noteworthy, HS-AD is often characterized by a high ionic strength (I ≥ 0.2 M), affecting the pH, NH3 concentration and CO2 liquid-gas transfer, as the most important triggers for HS-AD inhibition. The HS-AD model calibration required multiple experimental datasets to circumvent parameter non-identifiability. The model calibration showed that HS-AD of OFMSW might be operated at I up to 0.9 M and NH3 up to 2.3 g N/L, particularly at higher TS (25-30%). Moreover, the model calibration suggested that the non-competitive NH3 inhibition should be further tested. Further HS-AD model developments (e.g. precipitation) were also recommended. All these results might aid in the optimization of HS-AD for organic waste treatment, renewable energy and nutrient recovery
Foro, Bassana. "Le coût généralisé de l'élimination des déchets solides ordinaires à Paris." Paris 8, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA081017.
Full textThe elimination of ordinary solid refuse relates t both the management and the search for the quality of the three-dimensional urban environment. But what is the true cost of this refuse disposal, notably in paris? the question is of vital current interest. Following an in-depth analysis of the historical and current practices for the disposal of ordinary solid refuse in paris, we have developed a method for calculating a generalized cost that is the sum of three costs : the accounting cost : this is determined mainly from municipal accounting information; the storage cost : the refuse and its elimination processes have repercussions on the urban landscape (air pollution from incinerators, soil and water contamination through dumping, urban congestion due to transporting vehicles etc) that we have evaluated through partial methods (costs of cleaning up pollution, decontamination, the negative consequences on health, deterioration of services) in money terms; the space utilised cost : the elimination processes (reception, transportation and refuse treatment) require domestic, urban and suburban (paris region) space that we have calculated in terms of rental costs and public highway maintenance costs
Teglia, Cécile. "Valorisation par compostage de résidus solides de digestion anaérobie des déchets organiques." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1S163.
Full textThe steady increase in waste generation, and awareness of environmental issues associated with waste, led European countries to implement environmental policies in which sustainable waste management is a priority. Biological treatments offer the opportunity to recycle organic wastes by producing an organic soil amendment that can be valued in agriculture. Anaerobic digestion allows also the production of renewable energy as biogas can be valorised into electricity and/or heat. However, its development is influenced by the quality of organic residues (digestates) and the potential harmful environmental impacts of their treatment. Therefore, this PhD work aimed at characterizing different solid digestates and at optimizing their post-treatment through composting in order to assure a reliable and global valorisation of non-hazardous organic wastes. Firstly, characterization results were obtained on several digestion residues and used to investigate their properties in terms of agricultural use and suitability for an aerobic post-treatment. The significant residual biodegradability and the potential phyto-toxicity of these digestates led to consider an aerobic post-treatment through composting in order to achieve the recycling of organic matter as soil amendment. Secondly, the simulation of the composting process at laboratory scale was used to propose an optimization of the management of the composting step, to ensure a final product quality in agreement with an agricultural use and to minimize the environmental impact of the waste treatment
Caudron, Jean-Charles. "Mise au point d'une procédure de caractérisation de l'incinérabilité des déchets solides." Compiègne, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999COMP1216.
Full textLesteur, Mathieu. "Etude de l'utilisation de la spectroscopie proche infrarouge pour la prédiction du potentiel méthane de déchets solides." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20237/document.
Full textAnaerobic digestion is a solution to process solid waste, while producing energy by biogas production (methane and carbon dioxide). Methane production could be optimized by selecting only wastes with high methane potential. Currently, the BMP (Biochemical Methane Potential) test is conducted to predict the methane potential. This test is based on a fermentation process. It is time consuming, sometimes, lasting over 30 days, which is too long from an industrial point of view. A rapid method for determining the methane potential is therefore urgently needed. The BMP value depends only on the quantity and the quality of the organic matter, so a method capable of determining the quality and quantity of organic matter is searched for. The objective of this thesis was to identify and study such a method. First, a bibliographic study led us to chose the near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy method: fast and global analysis of the organic matter, non-destructive method, few or no sample preparation, and remote monitoring by use of fiber optics. Second, a calibration for predicting the BMP of and homogenous sample set has been built based on a 74-waste sample set. A correlation coefficient of R² = 0,76 and a standard error of prediction (RMSEP = 28 ml CH4.g-1 VS). Then, the regression coefficients (called b coefficients) were analysed with regard to the molecules in the waste and were compared to the variables selected from the spectrum, in order to validate the model from a chemical point of view. Finally, the robustness of the model, regarding the waste origins and the moisture was tested with heterogeneous samples set. Results show the potential of the near infrared spectroscopy to predict the methane potential quickly, but attention must be paid on the calibration data set when an industrial implementation is dealt with
Mailloux, Michèle. "Plan directeur de gestion intégrée des déchets solides pour la MRC Robert-Cliche." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq21800.pdf.
Full textSéguin, Michel. "L'émergence de mouvements sociaux de l'environnement dans l'enjeu des déchets solides à Montréal." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0025/NQ33085.pdf.
Full textPierre, Christophe. "Etude de systèmes solides multiphasés issus de la valorisation énergétique de déchets urbains." Toulon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUL0011.
Full textL'étude comporte cinq parties : l)La caractérisation des résidus met en évidence l'existence de trois fractions distinctes selon leur solubilité : une fraction composée de chlorures et d'hydroxydes, une autre composée de carbonate et de sulfate de calcium, une autre composée de silice, de silicates et silico-alumînates de calcium, cristallisés et/ou amorphes. 2)Comparaison de quatre échantillons après différents traitements des fumées. Par DRX, le carbonate de calcium est caractérisé. L'analyse des profils de raies de diffraction permet de classer ces résidus en reliant paramètre de distorsion et origine. 3) Analyse par MEB couplée à un analyseur X des échantillons. La morphologie est liée à l'histoire des échantillons. Des réactions solideNsolide et la diffusion d'éléments au sein de grains sont mises en évidence. 4)Etude à l'aide du MET. L'analyseur X couplé à la diffraction électronique permet d'identifier des phases cristallisées ou amorphes à l'échelle nanométrique. Des inclusions de métaux lourds cristallisés au sein de verres a base de silicates sont détectées. 5)La spectroscopie d'impédance complexe (SIC) est utilisée pour caractériser les mobilités ioniques et les réactions chimiques dans ces milieux multiphasés. Les variations de conductïviîé et d'énergie d'activation observées dans des domaines de température sont corrélées aux évolutions thermiques observées en ATD/TG. L'évolution chimique de composites résidus-polymère est étudiée. La SIC met en évidence une fraction critique de résidus au-delà de laquelle des évolutions néfastes sont attendues. La connectivité et la conductiviîé ionique globale du résidu, sensibles au taux d'hydratation, sont déterminées. L'étude de l'hydratation de ces composites montre l'importance de la fraction volumique en résidus pour laquelle il y a « percolation électrique » et amplification de la vitesse d'hydratation. L'élaboration de composites est une technique de stabilisation peu onéreuse et d'intérêt industriel
Mailloux, Michèle. "Plan directeur de gestion intégré des déchets solides pour la MRC Robert-Cliche." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1995. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/994.
Full textThomas, Sophie. "Centres de stockage de déchets : Géomécanique des déchets et de leur couverture : expérimentations sur sites et modélisation." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10222.
Full textSing-Tenière, Christelle. "Etude des procédés de stabilisation/solidification (des déchets solides poreux) à base de liants hydrauliques ou de liants bitumineux." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/1998ISAL0020/these.pdf.
Full textThis research is devoted to the analysis of means used to define stabilization/solidification processes of specific industrial wastes. The selected wastes are a used catalyst containing vanadium V(V) and an activated charcoal polluted by iodine. We have shown that the water absorption capability, which is linked to the waste porosity, is the key factor of a treatment; the choice of the adequate binder for this treatment is suggested by the behavior of the bulk waste during leaching. Two treatment processes, one based on hydraulic binder stabilization and the other based on bitumen stabilization, are developed and tested. In both cases, it appears that the physical and chemical properties of the binder and the mixing of the waste and the binder determine the efficiency of the treatment. Thus we observed that the effectiveness of the hydraulic binder to chemically stabilize the bulk waste is linked to the waste solubility level in the binder leachates. Regarding bitumen, it appears that the treatment efficiency mainly depends on bitumen viscosity. The waste/hydraulic binder mixing process is based on a selected order of constituents’ incorporation and on selected proportions ratio. The waste/bitumen mixing process proved to depend on two parameters: the workability temperature and the residence time at this temperature We propose an empirical model that allows to evaluate the latter. After treatment of the two wastes using both processes, it appeared that although vanadium is reduced in V(IV) by bitumen, it is not more stable. By incorporating vanadium in its hydrates, the hydraulic binder chemically stabilizes the waste. It is therefore more efficient to treat the catalyst. Iodine is not chemically stabilized by these binders. However, by ensuring a greatest physical retention, the bitumen-based process constitutes the best approach for charcoal treatment. This methodology, based on the link between waste and binder, provides acceptable results on the viewpoint of the stabilization/solidification by two different binders. It opens interesting perspectives considering the number of existing hydraulic binders and bitumen
Gourram, Abdelhadi. "Valorisation des boues de stations d'épuration des eaux usées par extraction des métaux lourds et conversion hydrothermale en huile, gaz et combustible solide." Mulhouse, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MULH0376.
Full textKande, Muidikayi Henri. "Concentration démographique urbaine et difficultés de gestion des déchets solides ménagers à Kananga (en République Démocratique du Congo). Approche pour l'éducation à l'environnement axée sur la gestion des déchets solides ménagers." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2021. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/330839/3/TheseHenriKandeVersionFinalecorrigee2021.pdf.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Suksankraisorn, Kriengkrai. "Co-combustion of municipal solid waste and thailignite in a fluidized bed." Mulhouse, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MULH0713.
Full textWitzel, Lars. "Formation d’imbrûlés solides lors de la combustion des fuels lourds." Lyon, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAL0028.
Full textAn enforced conscience toward the environment led too stricter emission limit regulations for the combustion of heavy fuel oil. This work is ta determine the possibilities for the prediction of solid emissions of industrial plants. In a first step fuel oil droplets are pyrolysed in inert gas while falling down a tube , to obtain solid particles (hollow spheres, called cenospheres). The mass ratio cenospheres/injected fuel is established. In a second step, the reactivity with air is measured by thermogravimetric analysis. The results (mass ratio cenospheres/fuel, reactivity and ignitions temperature of the cenospheres) may be sufficient to control the quality of one heavy fuel oil production and to test the efficiency of combustion additives. A model that simulates the fast pyrolysis of a heavy fuel oil droplet and the particle formation has been developed
Tini, Apollinaire. "La gestion des déchets solides ménagers à Niamey au Niger : essai pour une stratégie de gestion durable." Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2003ISAL0084/these.pdf.
Full textThe simple analysis it self of the two cohabiting systems, shows the problems found in the town development control and mainly financial problems that the municipality experiment and endure. After the comparative study of these two systems which depicts differences and evident lacks concerning service organisation and stakeholders role, we think that it will be illusive to imagine in short term to establish a solid waste collect and elimination system, to the city as a whole, as usual as in developed countries. Based on this hypothesis, our thesis (the new strategy) proposes to cohabit in technical, economic, social and institutional coherence, the two collecting systems. This strategy aims at making coherent the efforts of all: populations, private sector, association and other stakeholders, municipal institutions, government, sponsors. We want it to be clear and simple to be understood by all, for stimulate everyone’s action and engage everyone in a behavioural changing process. Its practice needs nevertheless a real political will and a compromise of all stakeholders true dynamical stakeholders process
Bangoura, Marie Rose. "Gestion des déchets solides ménagers et ségrégation socio-spatiale dans la ville de Conakry." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20038/document.
Full textHousehold wastes have become a crucial problem which worries more and more municipality and population in Conakry. Because the current way of managing of waste is marked by important dysfunctions. The rate of collection which of 70% was in 1997 reached hardly today the 20% whereas the quantity of waste produced keeps on increasing, (600 T in 1997 to more 1500 T in 2015). The inoperative character of the structures of collection and evacuation of household wastes promote the establishment of the uncontrolled wild dumps everywhere in the city. The rubbish not collected, the sewage not channelled, the degraded roadway systems have become the nightmare of the inhabitants. Following this increasing insalubrity, Conakry displays the image of a city taken hostage by “mountains of rubbish”. The latter has become the reflection of a dual socio-spatial configuration with the existence of a kind of “segregation” in the service of pre-collection and waste disposal. At the time when the main axes, the administrative centres, shopping precinct and the rich districts profit from a minimum service of collection, the popular quarters and the poor where however the high densities of populations lead to the production of important quantities of waste are completely ignored. One attends thus through waste management two cities in the same city: a modern city with more or less of collection and the other, forsaken with unhealthy districts. In front of these disparities, the authorities developed and tried out tools and try to find strategies of optimal management. Unfortunately, the tools implemented showed their limits, because they appeared ineffective. Our thesis tries to analyse the reasons of these failures of management in a context of socio-space segregation and to build a prospect for management which takes into account the treatment and valorisation for the improvement of the environmental and medical situation of the country. The data which made it possible to lead to these results come from a document retrieval undertaken in France and Guinea, of a work of geolocation of the sites of household wastes, talks near the institutional and no institutional actors, and investigations near the households of the city
Ollivier, James. "Contribution à la spéciation du chrome et de l'arsenic dans les déchets industriels solides." Poitiers, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990POIT2252.
Full textKouas, Mokhles. "Caractérisation cinétique de la biodégradation de substrats solides et application à l’optimisation et à la modélisation de la co-digestion." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTG021/document.
Full textAnaerobic digestion represents one of the major actors of sustainable development and the circular economy in the concept of "Waste to Energy". Given the great diversity of organic waste, its development requires the optimisation of co-digestion. Hence, it is needed to develop simple tools to characterize substrates and predict digester performance in order to optimize their operation. This thesis focuses on the characterization of biodegradation of solid substrates by anaerobic digestion and optimization of co-digestion using a simple modelling approach. First, a new batch protocol was implemented to quantify the Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP), integrating an acclimatization phase between the inoculum and the substrate. Then, a simple model was developed based on the fractionation of organic matter into three sub-fractions. This approach has allowed to develop a database including kinetics and BMPs of 50 substrates. Second, co-digestion experiments of two solid substrates were conducted in semi-continuous mode at a constant organic loading rate (OLR) and then at increasing applied loads. The experimental methane yields were always higher than the BMP values of the mixtures calculated from the BMPs of each substrate, underlining the importance of endogenous respiration. Four models including endogenous respiration with different assumptions were proposed and evaluated to predict raw methane production from semi-continuous digesters using substrate data (BMP and kinetics) acquired in batch mode. Two models for which the experimental methane production at increasing OLR corresponded well to the modelled data were validated. The chosen modelling approach was then applied to more complex mixtures of 3 and 5 substrates and to bio-waste. Finally, the response of a digester operated in flexible production mode, i.e. receiving regular punctual organic overloads, was also successfully modelled. The proposed modelling approach provides a simple tool that can be useful to design offices, manufacturers and operators of co-digestion units for the optimisation of feed mixtures and OLR to be used in continuous mode. This should reduce the risk of failure and optimise the profitability of co-digestion units
Durecu, Sylvain. "Biométhanisation des déchets d'élevage : approche de la solubilisation de la fraction solide et valorisation de sous-produits." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10304.
Full textTo improve the performances of the mésophile digestion of pork's(pig) liquid manure in the time of retention defined of 10 days, the solubilization of the solid fraction, the limitante stage of the biomethanation, was studied experimental infinitely mixed digesteurs there
Bollon, Julien. "Etude des mécanismes physiques et de leur influence sur la cinétique de méthanisation en voie sèche : essais expérimentaux et modélisation." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00770658.
Full textNkwocha, Edmund E. "Aspects géographiques de la gestion des déchets solides urbains au Nigéria : politiques, techniques et perspectives." Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX10053.
Full textRobin, Thierry. "Etude du frittage de la solution solide Pb3(VO4)2(1-x)(PO4)2x dans le cadre du conditionnement de l'iode 129." Limoges, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIMO0032.
Full textGuillaume, Pascaline. "Recherche d'un protocole de traitement de solides zincifères par voie électrochimique : couplage électrolixiviation / électrodéposition dans une cellule unitaire." Thesis, Metz, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008METZ043S/document.
Full textNowadays removal of heavy metals in industrial solid wastes is more and more important because of their high cost and the reduction in available natural resources. This work deals with zinc beneficiation of industrial solid wastes by an electrochemical technique combining electroleaching and electrowinning in a single-cell process. This technique is based on leaching of the solid by the protons generated at the anode and migration of the resulting ions towards the cathode where deposition takes place. Electrolyte compositions and optimal current density were yielded by separate investigations of electroleaching and electrodeposition. Batch experiments were then carried out in a three-compartment cell, two electrode compartments and a solid waste chamber placed between these. The preliminary investigations were conducted using a synthetic waste prepared by dispersing zinc oxide in silicon dioxide (sand). Best performance was obtained in 6 hour treatment, at 4,5 A/dm2, with sulphuric/sulphate solution as anolyte and catholyte and with catholyte circulation. In this case, 97% of zinc oxide leaching and 75% of zinc-could be recovered in the form of deposited metal. Then this technique has been developed for the batch treatment of real metal oxides issued from pyromettallurgical oxide and around 95% forspent batteries. A high purity zinc deposit was produced
Krausova, Rambure Katerina. "Vers de nouvelles matrices minérales pour l’immobilisation et la valorisation des déchets ultimes de l’incinération des déchets ménagers." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1118/document.
Full textThe overall objective of this thesis is to transform ultimate and hazardous waste containing heavy metals, into chemically stable mineral materials. The increasing municipal solid waste (MSW) generation is a problem ranging to global concern. Among various MSW treatment methods, incineration is a technology, which may provide an efficient and environmental friendly solution. Problem of this treatment is the production of fly ash. Fly ash may contain large amounts of toxic metal compounds and is considered as hazardous waste with obligation of final disposal into specialized landfills. Three types of materials for immobilization of lead and cadmium have been investigated: glass ceramics, sintered ceramics and geopolymers. We manage to synthetize a glass-ceramic based purely on the incinerated ashes and to decrease the volatilization during its production. Promising results have been obtained for Ca-Mg-Si-O bearing glass-ceramic with high sustainable incorporation of cadmium into crystalline structures and lead into an amorphous structure. Crystalline structure was evaluated being more resistant against acid attack because of its embedding into a glass matrix that generates a double protection. The future research should be done on possibility obtaining this phase by addition of commercial oxides into fly ash. Sintered ceramic investigated was based on Ba-Mg-Ti-O system. We obtained three mineral phases presented in SYNROC (hollandite, perovskite and rutile) where cadmium substituted the site of magnesium while lead occupied the site belonging to barium. The sintered ceramic is satisfactory in terms of toxic elements incorporation and of chemical and mechanical resistance. For production of resistant geopolymer from fly ashes, it is favorable to use ratio L/S =1.2 and drying at room temperature. It was observed that sintering affects the rate of structural reorganization with apparition of sodalite phase (Na4Si3Al3O12Cl), which consists of tunnels where heavy metals can be incorporated. Lead and cadmium stay mainly below the limit of TCLP standards. The heat treatment over 500°C increases density of the sample. When fly ash mixed with other types of waste such as bottom ash or waste glass powder, it is possible to obtain a more resistant. It was found that all three matrices are a good prospect for a stabilization technique with respect to the major pollutants lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd)
Guendouz, Jérémy. "Contribution à la recherche d'outils pour l'étude et le suivi des réacteurs de méthanisation par voie sèche." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20057.
Full textThis work's objective is to investigate research paths aimed at improved monitoring of dry anaerobic digestion and at a better understanding of the biochemical mechanisms involved. This technology is promising for waste treatment and energy production. Organic Matter (OM) characterization, reaction intermediates, inhibition mechanisms and hydrolytic activity monitoring were studied. A laboratory reactor has been developed that imitates industrial conditions. Organic Matter of solid waste contains 3 compartments of decreasing biodegradability and solubility. Following, are 3 degradation steps of decreasing speed, which can be attributed to different hydrolytic activities. The accumulation of VFA and hydrolases are signals of an imbalance between acidogenesis and methanogenesis because of ammonia inhibition or of an organic overload. Ammonia inhibition is increased by pH and can be mitigated by a moderate temperature decrease
Laramée, Lucie. "Vue systémique de la gestion du risque environnemental application à la gazéification des déchets solides." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq26387.pdf.
Full textMboumba, Anicet. "La gestion des déchets solides à Libreville (Gabon) : espace urbain, dynamiques institutionnelles et pratiques citadines." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100013.
Full textSolid wastes management has an impact on environment. It requires the awareness of the whole society, at every level. The insalubrity is an old phenomenon in Libreville, which leads to multiple mobilisations. It sets in motion all the social actors; so that is it deserve a study as a revelatory of social dynamics. The piling of waste damages the living conditions of the citizens. Public services, traditionally in charge of removing waste, are forced to reforms - delegation, decentralization. At the same lime, various individual and collective actors - environmentalist movements, citizens' organizations, and cottage industries- are trying to organize themselves. The inquiries on those processes have shown that the multiplicity of the actors and practices in the city, the territorialization of management strategies, and the deficit of regulation create disparities and tensions, revealing cleavages in Libreville's society. Votecatching, the solution chosen by authorities to contain social tensions, facilitates the inequalities in urban services by reducing the efficiency of the solutions imagined by inhabitants
Tchuikoua, Louis Bernard. "Gestion des déchets solides ménagers à Douala au Cameroun : opportunité ou menace pour l'environnement et la population ?" Bordeaux 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR30006.
Full textSince the Seventies, the vast spreading out of Douala, amplified by a running demography, involved an imbalance of its urban organization. Consequently, disparities increased between the districts, complicating the social and spatial structure and the functioning of the whole area. The construction of the city was and continues to be settled by logics and actions who bring about the amplification of an urban disorder. In this context, the problems which this research approaches are that of the environmental and medical threats related to the bad management of domestic solid waste in Douala, whereas the latter abounds in socio-economic and energy opportunities which could be developed, reducing at the same time ecological hazards. Armed with this knowledge, we introduced the following assumption : « The bad management of domestic solid waste in Douala shows that for the time being it constitutes primarily a threat. The emergence of the popular practices in this management, and the ever-present environmental-medical risks that are related to these practices, testify truly to the existence of the threat. However, since domestic solid waste, beyond the activities of salvage, can also be transformed into “clean manure” or into biomass usable within the framework of renewable energies, we will be able to declare that domestic solid waste is an opportunity in the sustainable development, even if such opportunities are less developed or not in the town of Douala. From the observations on the field, the investigations with urban dwellers and some social and institutional actors, the readings in the libraries, the space locations (cartography, ground level and aerial photography), and our empirical knowledge, we can make certain that since the Seventies, the city of Douala undergoes a spectacular space growth. Thus the unconstructible areas (steeply sloping zones, marshes and mangrove) were widely colonized by dwellings, without any plan of preliminary installation. Consequently, the majority of these areas, moreover isolated, which we called territories of middle salubrity and unsanitary territories, hardly provide the effective strategies of modern management. As for the actions implemented by HYSACAM, which is in charge of the modern waste management, they are inadequate. These failures caused the emergence in this management of some popular practices that proved to be unsuitable in the urban milieu, and carrying environmental risks. In addition, economic and energetic opportunities in the field of domestic waste are almost unknown for the majority as well as for the local government. Therefore we proposed some ways out and ideas about domestic waste which could minimize the threats, while developing related opportunities. Namely : rigorous help observance of the current regulation, installation of a municipal police force of environment, popularization campaigns about the environment and the sustainable development, formal gathering of the NGO that already take part in pre-collection and optimization of refuse, promotion of individual composting, closing of the sole (and harmful) rubbish dump that currently works in Douala, setting-up of a project of biomethanation of waste, and creation of a local ecotax in Cameroon
Barros, Raphael Tobias De Vasconcelos. "Enjeux d'une gestion durable de déchets solides ménagers dans les villes moyennes du Minas Gerais (Brésil)." Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2003ISAL0075/these.pdf.
Full textThis thesis concerns the situation of household solid wastes in middle-size towns (between 50. 000 and 200. 000 inhabitants), in Minas Gerais, Brazil, having the Agenda 21 as a reference to environmentally sound management and the French situation as a counterpoint. The Agenda 21 and its emergency context, are presented. The elaboration processes of Brazilian and French national and local Agenda 21 are depicted. French and Minas Gerais solid wastes management evolution is described. More than a hundred interviews with local authorities, besides state and federal personnel, are done. The issues are analysed, evaluating the potential of local means in order to perform a satisfactory municipal solid wastes management. The Agenda 21 trickling down process is slow. French solid wastes management presents a positive assessment, but in Minas Gerais the local limited comprehension of this problematics, with a poor use of local resources, is mostly responsible for the bad situation found
Charpentier, Thibaut. "RMN du solide : des matériaux du nucléaire sous tous les spins." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00345175.
Full textDans un premier chapitre, sont présentées différentes méthodes pour la modélisation et le traitement des spectres RMN MAS et MQMAS de systèmes désordonnés. Nous montrons les possibilités d'extraire les distributions corrélées de paramètres RMN à partir des données expérimentales. Afin de relier ces informations spectrales à des informations structurales, nous décrivons les différentes potentialités offertes par le couplage de calculs ab initio par la méthode GIPAW des grandeurs RMN (Tenseur de déplacement chimique, Gradient local de champ électrique) avec des modélisations de verres par dynamique moléculaires. Des exemples sont présentés sur des systèmes simples SiO2, B2O3 et Na2O-SiO2. Nous montrons l'apport de cette approche RMN premiers principes pour l'amélioration des connaissances sur les relations RMN/structure, l'utilisation de la RMN à validation de modèles structuraux de verres. Des perspectives pour l'incorporation de données RMN dans des approches de modélisation inverse de type Reverse Monte Carlo sont discutées. Si ce type de calculs ab-initio permettent aujourd'hui d'appréhender des systèmes de plusieurs centaines d'atomes, la prédiction du comportement de telles assemblées de spins nucléaires restent néanmoins aujourd'hui encore une difficulté majeure. Nous avons développé une approche théorique pour aborder cette problématique, notamment en présence de rotation de l'échantillon. Son application à des phénomènes d'échange d'aimantation (Ordre dipolaire, Polarisation Croisée) et de phénomènes de relaxation est présentée. Le couplage de ces outils avec les calculs ab-initio devraient permettre d'aborder des question difficiles de la prédiction ab-initio des phénomènes relaxations.
Dans un seconde partie, différentes applications à des problématiques de stockage de déchets nucléaires sont présentées, en soulignant l'apport de la RMN : compréhension des mécanismes d'incorporation dans une matrice hôte cristalline ou vitreuse de terres rares, modifications structurales induites par des agressions interne (effets d'irradiations) ou externes (lixiviation). Phosphates, Silicate de Calcium hydratés, verre borosilicatés (modèles simplifiés des verres nucléaires) sont des matériaux que nous avons étudiés. L'analyse locale qu'apporte la RMN est indispensable pour ces matériaux de compositions complexes et notamment à la compréhension des interactions entre divers éléments : alcalin /alcalino-terreux (Na/Ca), alcalins mixtes (Na/Li,Na/K), effets de substitution. Nous concluons en décrivant les difficultés pour étendre ces études à des matériaux réels, c'est à dire incluant des actinides et/ou produits de fissions : problématique de la RMN MAS sur des échantillons radioactifs; influence du paramagnétisme sur la lisibilité des spectres RMN. Nous présentons les résultats de premières approches pour aborder ces questions.
Berthe, Lucie. "Etude et compréhension des processus de biodégradation : Estimation de la biodégradabilité de matrices organiques solides." Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX11078.
Full textGuo, XinMei. "Biohydrogen production and metabolic pathways in dark fermentation related to the composition of organic solid waste." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20112/document.
Full textThis study aims to investigate the effect of solid substrates composition on hydrogen production performances, metabolic pathways and microbial community changes in batch reactor and their dynamics in semi continuous reactors (sCSTR). Hydrogen is an ideal energy carrier which has gained scientific interest over the past decade. Biological H2, so-called biohydrogen, can especially be produced by dark fermentation processes concomitantly with value-added molecules (i.e. metabolic end-products), while organic waste is treated. However, the effect of solid organic waste composition on biohydrogen production in dark fermentation has not yet been clearly elucidated. In this study, a bibliographic review was made on hydrogen production from agricultural waste. This survey on literature showed that diverse performances were reported on hydrogen production due to the variability in substrate compositions and experimental conditions. After having optimized a protocol of biohydrogen potential test (BHP), a wide variety of organic solid substrates aiming to covering a large range of solid waste was tested to provide a comparable data analysis. The results of a PLS regression showed that only soluble carbohydrates or easily available carbohydrates correlated with hydrogen production. Furthermore, hydrogen yields correlated as well with butyrate H2-producing pathway which is consistent with the literature knowledge. A predictive model of hydrogen yield according to carbohydrate content was proposed. Then, experiments were carried out in sCSTR with Jerusalem artichoke tubers as a case study. It was shown that low organic loading rate favored continuous hydrogen production while higher organic loading introduced hydrogen competition pathways and decreased the overall hydrogen yields. Moereover, 16S rRNA gene based CE-SSCP profiles showed that increasing OLR had a significant effect on the microbial diversity by favoring the implementation of microorganisms not producing hydrogen, i.e. lactic acid bacteria
Gnonlonfin, Houévoh Amandine Reine. "Gestion des déchets solides municipaux en Méditerranée : Trois approches d'instruments de financement pour une gestion durable." Thesis, Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL2013.
Full textIn last decades, Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) has become a major environmental and economic problem in many countries. The quantity of MSW collected and the expenditures necessary for its management have rapidly increased, particularly in developing countries (including those in transition). Our thesis aims to shed light on the relationship between MSW collection and economic growth and to propose how public policy can sustainably manage this pollution. To attempt our objective, we combined a macro and micro economic approaches in theoretical and empirical studies. The contributions of this thesis are threefold and have the scope of Mediterranean countries. First, we complete the empirical literature on the validation of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis (EKC) by studying the relationship between MSW collected and the economic growth over the period 1990-2010. The main added value of this study is the use of multiple imputations methodology to control for the sample bias due to missing values. We find out that MSW collected monotonically increase with income whatever countries’ income level. This leads us to conclude that the economic growth and MSW prevention are not compatible. So in a second contribution, we investigate, in a theoretical model, the efficiency of using market-based incentives to reach to objective of waste prevention and diversion from disposal in developing countries. We consider the common phenomenon of waste picking in these countries and we analyze the conditions in which a policy of Deposit and Refund System (DRS) can help to achieve the first best optimum. We first analyze the impact of waste picking on the effectiveness of the user fee and the DRS, then we show that social optimum and market equilibrium can be hold by taxing consumer goods and by subsidizing both formal recycling and waste picking. Our third contribution in this thesis is an econometric evaluation of French MSW taxing system in order to test the hypothesis of the complementarity of direct and indirect MSW incentive taxes in developed countries, which implement simultaneously several incentives taxes. Using data aggregate at French administrative departments level, we assess the prevention and substitution effects of the three incentive taxes namely the French user fee (La Redevance d’Enlèvement des Ordures Ménagères), the Extended Producer responsibility and disposal tax levied at landfill and incineration (la Taxe Générale sur les Activités Polluantes). We confirm the complementarity hypothesis of these taxes
Gnassou, Josiane. "La crise environnementale : cas des déchets solides et liquides en Côte d'Ivoire et au Burkina Faso." Thesis, Artois, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ARTO0105/document.
Full textThe crisis context in which our world is evolving is a fundamental and inescapable question. Recent disasters all over the continents are the proof of this dramatic concern for our world and its biodiversity. It is variable: it is either economic, political, legal and environmental. That is why our work is about waste crisis. This problem affects all our civilizations and its results are irreversible for our natural system. Furthermore, it needs immediate and sustainable responses because it is linked with the future of our planet. All countries are concerned about this problematic. However, it shows different faces even in the same geographical area. This crisis is anthropogenic and natural. It involves all national and international stakeholders. Literature reviews reveal a lack of data in Africa and the failure of projects not unsuited to local contexts. We develop several theories: circular economics, negative and positive externalities and the theory of social and supporting economy. Our work is about the importance of informal sectors in Africa, the coordination of actors in the field and the development of green jobs. This positive way is possible with innovative communication strategies and the involvement of population in local projects
Sory, Issa. ""Ouaga la belle !" gestion des déchets solides à Ouagadougou : enjeux politiques, jeux d'acteurs et inégalités environnementales." Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010523.
Full textGrisey, Elise. "Impact de l'évolution des déchets d'une installation de stockage de déchets non dangereux sur l'environnement - Site d'étude : l'ISDND d'Etueffont (Territoire de Belfort - France)." Thesis, Besançon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BESA2029/document.
Full textThe purpose of this work was to evaluate the impact of a landfill on groundwater quality.Municipal solid waste from the Etueffont landfill (Belfort area, France) was mechanically andbiologically treated (shredding and aerobic composting) before being disposed of in an unlinedarea and in a lined cell. The leachate characterization performed over a 21-Year period (1989-2010) showed a rapid degradation of waste. A steady state was reached at the end of themonitoring. Waste pretreatment enhanced the rate of biodegradation and reduced the pollutionpotential of the landfill. The leachate produced was treated on site in a natural lagooning. Whilelagooning is not a widespread practice for leachate treatment, significant removal (75-90 %) oforganic matter, suspended solids, nitrogen and phosphorus was observed. In previous studies,groundwater contamination was highlighted around the landfill. As a consequence, geophysicalinvestigations of the area by electrical resistivity tomography and physico-Chemical analyses wereconducted in order to delineate the contamination plume. The results showed leachate infiltrationinto the soil below the unlined part of the landfill and leakage through the watertightgeomembrane of the lined cell. Seepage of wastewater into the soil below the lagoons was alsoobserved. The extent of contamination plume was limited and was mostly limited to the landfillboundaries. The results of this work allowed to determine the location of the contaminated areasand helped to choose the appropriate physico-Chemical analytes of the post-Closure groundwatermonitoring program, which will be applied to the landfill until the end of 2031
Brand, Débora. "Physiologie de croissance et de sporulation des champignons nématophages cultivés en milieu solide." Aix-Marseille 1, 2006. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2006AIX11039.pdf.
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