Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Déchets biomédicaux'
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Galarneau, Marie. "La propriété des déchets biomédicaux, une étude de la pensée juridique." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq25582.pdf.
Full textYazbeck-Karam, Mouawad Rita. "L'élimination des déchets solides hospitaliers au Liban." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO1T235.
Full textChambrin, Hélène. "Elimination des déchets d'activités de soins." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P123.
Full textBerdier, Chantal. "Elaboration d'une méthodologie pour la prise en compte du risque dans le domaine des déchets urbains : le cas des déchets médicaux diffus dans le Grand Lyon." Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAL0095.
Full textFor the last twenty years, the proble. Ms related to waste have taken on paramount interest in society as waste is increasing as well in quantity as in noxiousness. The destruction of ordinary waste is relatively well controlled whereas the induce effects are far from being under control as far as the risky part is concerned, therefore, the problem of urban waste will be analysed in the scope of this research, in terms of induce risks. The meaning of the notion of risk here, brings in technical elements together with social ones. These are two facets upon which the definition of. The concept of risk is based. So, after identifying urban waste and giving a definition of the concept of risk, we have adopted a method based both on objective dimension and on urban user perception in order to approach and evaluate risk. In this context, managing the risk specific to urban waste, goes through a global policy of controlling urban waste which includes numerous actor with apposed logics. Experimenting the method on a type of waste, scattered medical waste coming from liberal health practitioners in greater Lyon, makes two important results clear: perceived risks is over estimated and real risks are few. In such conditions, managing risk consists in starting - Upstream, precaution measures, - Downstream, repairing measures
Auriol, Philippe Jean Marc. "Collecte et élimination des déchets solides en médecine praticienne : étude portant sur des médecins généralistes de la Communauté Urbaine de Bordeaux." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2M178.
Full textSimard, Marc. "Gestion des déchets hospitaliers à l'hôpital du Val de Grâce : enquête et élaboration d'un guide de bonnes pratiques à l'usage du personnel soignant." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P149.
Full textMonnier, Claire. "Gestion des déchets pharmaceutiques industriels : application à l'unité de production de la pharmacie centrale des hôpitaux de Paris." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05P145.
Full textGuertzon, Corinne. "Un accident technologique majeur : Goiana, Brésil 1987, dispersion d'une pastille de cesium 137 radioactif." Paris, CNAM, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CNAM0236.
Full textThis study concerns the accidental dispersion of cesium-137 chloride via an abandonned radiotherapy device in brazil, in september 1987. Since the accident accurred recently in a confined geographical area, and concerned a single radiochemical agent, it was possible to carefully delimit the study parameters in each discipline : post-accident management, physics, medicine, environment, law, psychology, socioeconomics and communications. Data were gathered from interviews and documents, in Brazil. To fight the effects of the accident, most of qualified workers have been needed. Four people died, more than 200 are medically surveyed and hundreds need it. One had to manage with 3500 m3 of radioacive waste. Costs are difficult to evaluate but obviously very important. It is difficult to analyse all consequences. No official has been accused, there were no sentence. The results demonstrate the critical importance of the human factor in technological accidents
Marchand-Pilard, Marie. "Propositions d’évolutions de l’encadrement juridique des rejets de médicaments humains dans l’eau." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PA080009.
Full textHuman drugs are chemicals designed to last long enough to have the desired effects on the body while resisting unwanted alterations to avoid adverse effects. These properties, closely studied by European and national authorities, make it possible to guarantee safe, effective, and quality pharmaceuticals but, conversely, pose a challenge for their end of life. These molecules “go through” the human body by undergoing degrees of alteration that can range from complete elimination to an unchanged status, ending up in whole or in part in wastewater (via our excretions). Added to this are unused pharmaceuticals that are improperly disposed of, effluents from industrial drug production sites and healthcare establishments, and WWTP sewage sludge, which can also contains drugs. However, whether under the regulations specific to medicines or those intended for the management of water, waste or sewage sludge, neither France nor the EU have an appropriate regulatory framework to manage these emerging pollutants, which is reflected in the treatments implemented in the WWTPs. As a result, drug residues are found in all European [and global] waters, some of which have harmful effects on aquatic environments. This thesis thus seeks to give recommendations aimed at combating this pollution in the EU and in France without reducing essential access to medicines
Stalder, Thibault. "Implication des effluents d'activités hospitalières et de la filière carnée sur la dissémination de l’antibiorésistance : Dynamique des intégrons de l’émission au rejet." Limoges, 2012. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/38891773-0b9d-4f34-a342-a2da4509ecac/blobholder:0/2012LIMO4031.pdf.
Full textThis work aims to assess the global contribution and influence of hospital activities and livestock industries on the dissemination of antibiotic resistance in the environment. For this purpose, the dynamics of a genetic element used as a biomarker of antibiotic resistance, the resistance integrons (RI), was monitored. Indeed, a wide range of solids and liquids biological wastes from different geographical and anthropogenic origins are involved in the antibiotic resistance dissemination. However, we showed that hospital effluents contained a high proportion of RIs in bacterial communities, and the gene cassette (GC) content of class 1 RI mainly showed antibiotic resistance GCs. Hospital effluent contributed to 14% of the Ris introduced in the waste water treatment plant (WWTP). While urban effluents diluted the risk associated with hospital effluent, RIs harboring GCs of clinical interest, such as ESBLencoding GCs, were found in these effluents unaffected by medical and industrial activities. The WWTP did not reduce the proportion of RIs in treated effluents but eliminated a fraction of the bulk of GCs from the influent. Large quantities of RIs harboring antibiotic-resistance GCs, and also GCs with unknown functions were released daily into the environment. In addition, a pilot study showed that the treatment of hospital wastewater by the activated sludge process promoted the increase of IR and potentially pathogenic bacteria in the sewage sludge, and consequently increased the issue of antibiotic- resistance spread in these matrices. Finally the use of RI as biomarker to assess the efficiency of advanced treatment processes for hospital effluents (membrane bioreactor ozonation, activated carbon) highlighted the effectiveness of membrane bioreactors using ultrafiltration to reduce both bacteria and IR of anthropogenic origins
Emmanuel, Evens. "Evaluation des risques sanitaires et écotoxicologiques liés aux effluents hospitaliers." Lyon, INSA, 2004. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2004ISAL0004/these.pdf.
Full textThe chemical substances used in hospitals for care activities and medical research are generally found in the wastewater. Even if the high volume of generated wastewater by these establishments, ensures an important dilution of the pollutants, the discharge of these effluents in the urban sewer network or in the natural environment generates risks for human health, and represents a significant contribution to the general contamination of the environment, and more particularly of the aquatic environments. The most important pollutants present in hospital wastewater are pathogenic microorganism, organohalogen compounds, such as the AOX (halogenated organic compounds adsorbable on activated carbon), radioisotopes , detergents and pharmaceuticals. The aims of this study was to develop a methodology for human health and ecotoxicological risks’ assessment of hospital wastewater. Two frameworks have been implemented: (i) for human health risk assessment and management of hospital effluents discharging via septic tanks, into a karstic formation where the water resources are exploited for drinking water. Chemical and microbiological health human risks were quantitatively characterized. These results require to be verified by epidemiological studies. (ii) For ecotoxicological risk assessment and management of the hospital effluents rejected into a wastewater treatment plant, then in the natural aquatic ecosystem. The scenario allows to a semi-quantitative risk characterization. It needs to be improved on some aspects, particularly those linked: to long term toxicity assessment on target organisms
Coetsier, Clémence. "Approche intégrée de la gestion environnementale des produits pharmaceutiques dans des rejets de stations d’épuration urbaines et leur milieu récepteur : occurrence, impact et traitements tertiaires d'élimination." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20105.
Full textPharmaceutical products (PPs), widely consumed by population and discharged in the environment through wastewater treatment process (WTP), are sources of aquatic ecosystems contamination. Environmental risk assessment for these substances involves the accurate quantification of their concentrations and the evaluation of their toxicity for exposed species. Our study dealing with a dozen of representative pharmaceutical compounds was conducted in Southeast France. A LC-MS/MS detection method was developed and a sampling campaign was carried out on 7 urban WTP and the natural waters where they discharge (rivers of the Gard and pond) in order to assess PPs contamination level. Toxicity of PPs was estimated using bioluminescent and growth inhibition tests (Microtox, ToxScreen and Protoxkit). Experiments were conducted to evaluate UV photolysis and activated carbon adsorption capacities for the removal of these compounds. Measurements for samples collected highlight the occurrence of PPs in WTP effluent of Southeast region at concentrations ranging from 10 to 1000 ng. L-1 and reaching hundreds of ng. L-1 in the downstream surface waters. Comparison between the level of exposure and experimental toxicity values completed by literature data suggests that only 3 compounds (propranolol, ibuprofen and diclofénac) may induce a low risk at a local scale (rivers of Gard). Complementary treatments of the STP effluents by UV photolysis and activated carbon adsorption prove to be efficient to remove most of the 12 studied PPs and should be considered to reduce the presence and the impact of pharmaceutical products in the environment
Jolibois, Boris. "Etude du risque génotoxique d'eaux usées hospitalières et urbaines." Rouen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ROUE04NR.
Full textSportouch, Marie-Hélène. "Contribution à la mise au point de méthodes de dégradation des substances cytotoxiques avant rejet dans notre environnement." Montpellier 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON13522.
Full textAlrhmoun, Mousaab. "Hospital wastewaters treatment : upgrading water systems plans and impact on purifying biomass." Thesis, Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO0042/document.
Full textThis research investigates the removal of pharmaceutics present in hospital wastewaters by conventional activated sludge and MBR systems of treatment and under various operating conditions to elucidate the removal mechanism and increasing the efficiency of removal. In this study, laboratory scales was composed to four types of reactors used: Bach reactors, conventional activated sludge, submerged membrane bioreactor and extern membrane bioreactor and all these reactors were feed in reel hospital wastewaters. Different Technical studies and many experiments were affected to develop the MBR systems: the beginning was with biofilm supports media and the attached growth of biofilms in the reactor and the finish by using the powder activated carbon. En general, the reported results show high performance for the MBR with compared to CAS system in treating the basic organic pollutants. Presence the biofilm supports media was very important for high removal of pharmaceuticals compounds from the hospital wastewaters. The presence of the pharmaceutical compounds stimulated the mechanisms of survival higher production of EPS. Fouling potential seems to be linked more closely to polysaccharides than other EPS. In this study, for the first time, was employed the confocal microscopy for qualities and quantities analyses for the EPS in the biologic reactors. Microscopic observations were confirmed the chemical analyses of EPS compounds. In final experiment 21 pharmaceuticals were eliminated from the hospital effluents during the treatment in extern membrane (UF) with modified granular activated carbon. In addition to many biomolucles analyses which study the principals impact of hospital effluents on the microorganism’s especially the bacteria in using different, recent techniques. This study demonstrates by reel conditions the role the developed MBR systems in treating the hospital effluents and its impact direct on the environment
Li, Zhi. "Devenir des résidus de médicaments dans les sols, biodégradation-sorption : discussion dans un contexte de réutilisation des eaux usées." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON13523/document.
Full textWastewater irrigation represents great interest in arid and semi-arid regions where water demand is important. However, wastewater irrigation results in, for example, soil contamination by emerging organic pollutants such as pharmaceuticals. Transport and transformation mechanisms of these substances are still poorly understood. The objective of this thesis was to study the processes of biodegradation and sorption of pharmaceutical products in laboratory experiments, with a special reflection in the context of wastewater irrigation. Firstly, we exploited the chiral signature of the antidepressant venlafaxine (VEN) and its major human metabolite O-desmethyl venlafaxine (ODV) in order to discriminate the biological processes from other processes. Laboratory experiment showed a correlation between the biodegradation rate and the change in enantiomer fraction. The VEN was then monitored at the outlet of a WWTP and in the river receiving the discharge. A change in enantiomer fraction showed the interest for a better development of this application to investigate in situ biodegradation. Secondly, the sorption of cationic molecules VEN and ODV, as well as the neutral molecules antiepileptic carbamazepine and its human metabolite trans-10,11-dihydro-10,11-dihydroxy carbamazepine, was studied in batch and soil column leaching experiments. The pH and ionic strength conditions in batch experiment influenced the sorption of VEN and ODV, while there was little impact for neutral compounds. The cationic exchange should play an important role in the sorption process of cationic molecules. Leaching study showed that neutral compounds are much more mobile than cationic compounds; therefore they may contaminate groundwater in the case of wastewater irrigation
Donat, Florian. "Microréacteurs photocatalytiques utilisant des oxydes métalliques semi-conducteurs sensibilisés par des Quantum Dots CuInS2/ZnS." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0085/document.
Full textThe pollution of hospital effluents by pharmaceutical drugs, requires the development of new treatment techniques. Among these processes, photocatalysis is one of the most efficient one and allows the remediation of this kind of pollution. However, metal oxides used for photocatalysis (TiO2, ZnO, …) can only be activated by UV light. The association of these oxides with quantum dots (QDs) creates an heterojunction, which not only allows to extend the activation spectrum of the photocatalyst to the visible region but also decreases the charge carriers recombinations. The first part of this work describes the development of a catalyst responding to solar light irradiation for the degradation of the Orange II dye. First, we characterized the heterojunction created between ZnO and the CuInS2/ZnS (ZCIS) QDs and evaluated their photocatalytic efficiency. This work was undertaken by evaluating the capacity of the ZnO/ZCIS catalyst to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the second part, we studied the photodegradation of the antineoplastic agent Ifosfamide commonly found in hospital effluents. For this purpose, closed and agitated reactors but also microreactors were used. In both cases, Ifosfamide, and the compounds originating from its degradation, can be fully photodegraded under simulated light of weak intensity (5 mW/cm2) using the ZnO/ZCIS catalyst. In the case of microreactors, the deposition of the catalyst was optimized and its stability evaluated. Results obtained demonstrate that the ZnO/ZCIS catalyst can be reused, at least five times, without significant loss in activity, thus demonstrating its ability to be used in real photocatalytic applications
Bachelot, Morgane. "Contamination de moules (mytilus sp.) en milieu marin par des substances pharmaceutiques et produits de soin." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON13505.
Full textPharmaceutical and personal care products used for human health protection are detected in all aquatic ecosystems. Among them, some compounds have physico-chemical or pharmacological properties that suggest a bioaccumulation capability. It’s the case of the UV filters, EHMC and OC, with log Kow higher than 5 or pharmaceuticals like diazepam and tetrazepam, with log Kow higher than 2.82. The aim of these Phd works was to assess marine mussels contamination for UV filters and benzodiazepines. So, a new analytical method was developed and validated for the determination of these compounds in mussels. EHMC and OC analysis realized in mussels sampled in French coastal waters showed that mainly contamination came from recreational activities in summer season, and that semi-closed areas were more contaminated. Moreover, laboratory experiments showed that mussels had clearly not bioaccumulate these 2 UV filters. Contamination levels in mussels are controlled by water concentrations. Conversely, benzodiazepines were not detected in coastal mussels. However, laboratory experiments showed an accumulation of benzodiazepines in mussels, suggesting elimination and metabolization means. Mussels are nevertheless usefull bioindicators of marine contamination by emerging compounds, allowing to characterize higher risk areas or periods
Orias, Frédéric. "Contribution à l'évaluation des risques écotoxicologiques des effluents hospitaliers : bioconcentration, bioaccumulation et bioamplification des résidus pharmaceutiques." Thesis, Vaulx-en-Velin, Ecole nationale des travaux publics, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENTP0005/document.
Full textHospitals generates effluents rich in pharmaceuticals compounds (PC), notably because of careand diagnostics activities. Some of these PCs are ubiquitous in aquatic ecosystems owing to itspersistent properties and/or because of continuous releasing in environment. The diversity of thesePCs is so strong that it is necessary to prioritize them, considering risks that PCs represents forthe Environment, in order to manage and study these compounds. One of these risks is the transferof bioaccumulatives PCs (i.e. PCs with high Kow and low biodegradability) along trophic webs,via bioconcentration, bioaccumulation and biomagnification processes. The main objective of thisthesis is to characterize bioconcentration and bioaccumulation of molecules identified as priorityin previous studies. The model compound choose in our work is the tamoxifen, a molecule usedin the treatment of breast cancer and already found in Environment. Organisms studied, typicalfrom three trophic levels of the model trophic chain, are Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Daphniamagna and Danio rerio. In order to measure content of tamoxifen in organisms, we developed aninnovative analytic method based on the use of stable isotopes labelled tamoxifen : 15N tamoxifen.We succeeded to measure bioconcentration factors (BCF) from 12800 in D. magna to 85600 in liverof D. rerio including BCF of 21500 in P. subcapitata. In this latter, we also assessed the contributionof dietary route to the total contamination of D. magna by tamoxifen. We observed that the morethe medium concentration was weak, the more the dietary route contribute to the contamination.These works shows numerous perspectives that we can gather inside two axes : ecotoxicity knowledgeof PCs an isotopic ecotoxicology
Hamon, Pierre. "Traitement des effluents d’un service d’oncologie par bioréacteur à membranes : faisabilité d’acclimatation et gain apporté sur l’élimination de molécules médicamenteuses." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4328/document.
Full textThe risks concerning the presence of pharmaceutical residues into the environment are still unknown. However, the first confirmed cases and the recent introduction of three drugs (2013) on a surveillance list of EU already require the development of processes able to remove this specific pollution. It is against that background that oncological ward wastewater treatment by a membrane bioreactor was investigated in this thesis. These effluents are characterized by a very variable charge and high pharmaceutical concentrations, sometimes above 1 mg.L-1. These conditions did not favor the continuous development of the biomass. However, it could be demonstrated that the toxicity of these effluents is not related to the applied charge since a food to microorganisms ratio above 0.20 kgCOD.kgMLVSS-1.d-1 allows biomass growth. Membrane fouling played a major role in the significant retention of the investigated drugs. In comparison to unacclimated activated sludge from WWTP pharmaceutical removal was systematically enhanced by the acclimated biomass with the development of biotransformation possibilities