Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Déchets – Gestion intégrée'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 42 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Déchets – Gestion intégrée.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Nunesmaia, Maria de Fátima. "Gestion de déchets urbains socialement intégrée : Le cas - Brésil." Cergy-Pontoise, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CERG0274.
Full textMunicipal solid waste cases in Brazil have been chosen due to the fact that this new industrial country has a strong potential of social innovation. The aim of this thesis is evaluation of socially integrated waste management from the analysis centred in municipal social public politics adopted in Brazilian towns: one middle size, Vitória da Conquista, in the Northeast region, and three larger towns, Porto Alegre and Curitiba (South region) and Belo Horizonte (Southeast region). Explorative and descriptive methods has been used. The main factors are: waste integrated management related to social, municipal programs of separate collection, final destination of urban waste; and social, sanitary and environmental aspects. The results reached from this research show a strong recycling potential of the sample town Vitória da Conquista, they were presented and argued with the social actors linked to the process; a waste management program has been put forward in a articulated way with the involved body. The model incorporates mainly social aspects, having the environmental communication as the key element. Among the other towns, Belo Horizonte seems to have the strongest environmental education program. Social concern is an important characteristic in these three towns, however in different means and ways. Can be conclude that separate collection in Brazil, despite using the same argument that industrial countries, that is to ray natural resource preservation, have a significant associated social aspect, in the frame of a socially integrated management
Mailloux, Michèle. "Plan directeur de gestion intégrée des déchets solides pour la MRC Robert-Cliche." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq21800.pdf.
Full textWizere, Agnès Marie Assumpta. "Une approche prospective à la gestion intégrée des déchets, modélisation, résolution et applications." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0015/NQ48898.pdf.
Full textLarroque, Claire. "Une éthique de la gestion des déchets : du modèle technocratique au modèle démocratique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29752.
Full textCette thèse examine les questions éthiques, sociales et politiques posées par la gestion des déchets mise en place par les sociétés industrielles. La réflexion prend son point de départ dans le constat qu’en philosophie l’analyse de la gestion des déchets se limite à une approche symbolique des rapports que nous entretenons avec eux. Il s’agit de montrer qu’une telle approche occulte l’arrière-plan politique et social du problème et qu’elle ne fait pas de la gestion des déchets l’objet d’un questionnement sur le rapport entre l’homme et la nature, reléguant l’enjeu environnemental posé par les déchets au domaine technique. Ce travail propose de dépasser la logique dualiste selon laquelle il reviendrait aux techniciens de prendre en charge le traitement physique des déchets et aux philosophes de s’occuper de l’examen d’une signification symbolique (intrasociale). Il s’agit de démontrer que loin d’être circonscrite à la sphère technico-économique, la gestion des déchets par les sociétés industrielles est en interaction permanente avec le monde social et soulève des problèmes de justice. Dans cette perspective, le problème environnemental soulevé par les déchets ne peut être saisi que si l’on adopte une conception de la nature comme communauté : les déchets en atteignant (de façon inégale) l'environnement des populations affectent également celles-ci parce qu'elles entretiennent avec lui une relation d’interdépendance. Afin de déterminer les principes normatifs d’une justice détritique et de penser une juste gestion des déchets, la thèse soutient alors une conception culturelle des inégalités environnementales.
This thesis aims at examining the ethical, social and political issues raised by waste management of industrialized societies. Philosophical analyses of waste management generally adopt a symbolic approach that tends, in one hand, to ignore political and social issues and, on the other hand, to disregard the human-nature relation since environmental issues of waste management are limited to technical sphere. Yet, I suggest that this dual approach must be criticized and question the idea that technicians should deal with the waste treatment while philosophers (or sociologists) should only considerer the symbolic significance. This work argues that waste management of industrialized societies is not only a technical issue since its continuously in relation with the social sphere and among other things raises issues of justice. In this regard, I support that the environmental issue caused by waste management can only be grasped if we assume a conception of nature as community: when wastes affect (unevenly) the environment in which people live, wastes also have an impact on the populations because people nurture interdependent relationship with their environment. Once this has been established, I demonstrate that a cultural vision of environmental inequalities should be defended in order to identify and determine normative principles of waste justice.
Rojo, Gabriel. "La gestion dynamique des déchets (GDD) : élaboration d'une approche intégrée d'aide à la décision visant à soutenir une gestion systémique et évolutive des déchets." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00772106.
Full textBaba, Abdul-Rahim Mumuni. "Système urbain, système agraire, production et valorisation de déchets ménagers : le cas de la région de Tamale, Ghana." Tours, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUR1804.
Full textBrakez, Mustapha. "La gestion des déchets au Maroc : une approche par le développement territorial durable." Littoral, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DUNK0189.
Full textThis thesis studies the household waste management in the Moroccan cities. It explores the subject, identifies some anomalies and offers some cures. It is structured in three big parts. The first one is a global approach and it analyses the social and environmental deficits of Morocco today. It underlines the lack of the household waste management. This critical analysis of these two dimensions of “sustainable development” finds its deepening in the second part (territorial approaches) which approach is both empirical and territorial. Two large territories, those of Rabat, the capital of the Kingdom, and Agadir, South Morocco metropolis are analyzed with empirical inquiries and observations. The approach adopted aims at identifying better the failures of the local public policies in waste collection and processing, as well as the modes of reactions of the actors with respect to their social environment. This research wants to be close to the actors and the territories. It highlights the importance of the peculiarities of each site, because the future reforms and projects must be based on them. This is the only way to obtain a better adhesion of the actors concerned : the inhabitants, the local communities, the entrepreneurs and the associations. This form of participative governance is the center of the demonstration. The third part (theoretical approaches) deepens the theories of the territory and of the site. And it reinforces the scientific relevance of the empirical demonstration proposed
Coetsier, Clémence. "Approche intégrée de la gestion environnementale des produits pharmaceutiques dans des rejets de stations d’épuration urbaines et leur milieu récepteur : occurrence, impact et traitements tertiaires d'élimination." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20105.
Full textPharmaceutical products (PPs), widely consumed by population and discharged in the environment through wastewater treatment process (WTP), are sources of aquatic ecosystems contamination. Environmental risk assessment for these substances involves the accurate quantification of their concentrations and the evaluation of their toxicity for exposed species. Our study dealing with a dozen of representative pharmaceutical compounds was conducted in Southeast France. A LC-MS/MS detection method was developed and a sampling campaign was carried out on 7 urban WTP and the natural waters where they discharge (rivers of the Gard and pond) in order to assess PPs contamination level. Toxicity of PPs was estimated using bioluminescent and growth inhibition tests (Microtox, ToxScreen and Protoxkit). Experiments were conducted to evaluate UV photolysis and activated carbon adsorption capacities for the removal of these compounds. Measurements for samples collected highlight the occurrence of PPs in WTP effluent of Southeast region at concentrations ranging from 10 to 1000 ng. L-1 and reaching hundreds of ng. L-1 in the downstream surface waters. Comparison between the level of exposure and experimental toxicity values completed by literature data suggests that only 3 compounds (propranolol, ibuprofen and diclofénac) may induce a low risk at a local scale (rivers of Gard). Complementary treatments of the STP effluents by UV photolysis and activated carbon adsorption prove to be efficient to remove most of the 12 studied PPs and should be considered to reduce the presence and the impact of pharmaceutical products in the environment
Durrant, Emmanuelle. "La législation sur les équipements électriques et électroniques : un scénario d'optimisation de la gestion des déchets en Europe ?" Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT4020.
Full textThe management of household wastes by local authorities is no longer the only option. Producers can stand in for local authorities as provided for by the principle of extended producer responsibility. In the case of waste electrical and electronic equipment, the Community legislation carnes - even though the responsibility can be shared - a responsibility to the producers of electrical and electronic equipment for the products they put on the market. Producers are responsible for managing used equipment and the legislation urges them to create electrical and electronic equipment that take into account their end of life and, in a broader sense, their life-cycle. Waste managing gets more complex as the waste becomes a source of resources that contributes to its rehabilitation. Although the Community legislation about electrical and electronic equipment may appear favourable in regards to an optimised waste management, a generalisation of its method for all the wastes cannot be realistically achieved. We must take into account that the principle of extended producer responsibility on which the system of electrical and electronic equipment waste management is based is merely an economical instrument available for the public authorities
Marceau, Pascale. "Évaluation des retombées d'une campagne d'information, de sensibilisation et d'éducation (ISÉ) sur la gestion des matières résiduelles des ménages : Le cas du Défi Minceur - 2 lb / semaine." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27876.
Full textIn order to decrease the economic, environmental and social consequences caused by inadequate waste management, some information, awareness and education campaigns try to lead the population toward better behaviours related to waste management. Nevertheless, the evaluation concerning the impacts these campaigns have on consumers (i.e. households) is very often neglected due to the lack of time, skills and/or money. Therefore, based on four variables of the Theory of Planned Behaviour [TBP], particularly the attitudes, the subjective norms, the perceived behavioural control and the behavioural intentions, this master’s thesis proposes some solutions, which assess the influence of the exposure and involvement concerning the environmental campaign “Défi Minceur – 2lb/ semaine”. The analysis of the results from a post-campaign phone survey conducted on a random sample of 432 representative residents of the Arthabaska County shows that the participation in this challenge was significantly and positively correlated to the variables mentioned above. Likewise, a low exposure compared to a high one induces significant differences on all variables, although no disparity was noted between participants who were moderately and strongly exposed. These results constitute an original and interesting input to the social communication field and also contribute to the questions concerning the optimization of environmental campaigns.
Hou, Chunyan. "Le droit des déchets : étude comparatiste France - Chine." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV132.
Full textFor years, the environment has become an important concern, if not a concern of paramount importance in everyday life worldwide. Today in France, ecological issues are emerging as a major element in the strategic guidelines in the losses or chosen company developments. France is regularly cited among the most environmentally friendly countries in the world. On the contrary, the environmental problems in China are alarming. Each year, the economic development is characterized by high consumption and high pollution. The policy of modernization and economic growth implemented by the Chinese authorities now includes consideration of environmental constraints as one of its main components. The issue of waste has become over time more and more problematic mainly because of their significant increase. However, awareness of the need for effective waste management only appeared late in minds. Waste treatment is one of the major environmental problems which each country in the world is facing, and the situation does not improve with the improvement of living standards. Faced with the increase in waste generation, the French legislator established in 1975 the county and regional waste management plans to encourage their recovery by means of the promotion of selective collection, recycling and incineration with energy recovery. In October 1995, China adopted a law on the prevention of pollution caused by solid waste in order to resolve the problems caused by waste. In the light of the French and Chinese regulations, this thesis aims at carrying out a comparative study of the similarities and differences in terms of waste management, namely the processing and destruction of waste and the administrative policies and public order governing trade in waste. As regards French law, we shall examine, namely, Law No 75-633 of 15 July 1975 on waste disposal and recovery of materials and Law n ° 76-663 of 19 July 1976 on classified installations for environmental protection. Concerning Chinese law, we shall examine the law on the prevention of pollution caused by solid waste was adopted on 30 October 1995; the Circular Economy Law of 29 August 2008; and the law on the promotion of clean production of 29 June 2002. Circular economy is a new mode of economic operation, implementing the principles of reduction and recovery of waste as well as the the reduction of waste harmfulness. This new mode was adopted by both the French and the Chinese laws. The comparative study focuses on the major principles and the adoption of specific measures for these two regulations. The international cooperation in terms of laws on waste in France and China is crucial. The study of the rules at international level on transboundary movements and disposal of hazardous waste has focused on human health and the environment. Many actions are performed to improve, restore or maintain the status of the various compartments of the environment and reduce the damages from human activities on the environment
Dje, Aya Georgette. "Gouvernance et gestion des déchets ménagers urbains à Abidjan : cas des communes de Cocody, Yopougon et Abobo." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28996/28996.pdf.
Full textPires, Negrao Marcelo. "La géographie des déchets au défi de l’organisation territoriale au Brésil et en France." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA173.
Full textThe impact of all kinds of waste inevitably increases as the world's population becomes more urbanized, and as initiatives to consider it as a resource or to reduce its quantity multiply. First, we seek to demonstrate that waste constitutes a complete geographic and social object, not only because it reveals how the relationship between Man and Earth functions, but also because spatial analysis of related activities linked to waste collection, disposal, and recovery, indicates how this object enters territories. Thus, in France and in Brazil, a new system of governance emerged in the 1970s, placing waste treatment in a particular treatment in municipal cooperation, applying both technical and social solutions, such as the integration of wastepickers work in recycling. However, efforts by public, private, and associative agents are generally insufficient to limit impacts and to value correctly the garbage produced in cities. Using Geography tools, we seek to evaluate solutions put into practice in three case studies (in Rio de Janeiro and Paris) in order to understand how the actors are organized in their territories to face environmental, economic, and social challenges put forth by the disposal of urban waste, since formal and informal circuits continue to coexist. Finally, the geographicity elements of this object stand out clearly in terms the treatment of temporalities and the interweaving of scales, but also by the expansion of responsibilities in the public space, at all levels, from individual scales to institutional superstructures
O peso dos resíduos de todo tipo aumenta inevitavelmente quanto mais a população mundial se urbaniza e que as iniciativas visando a lhes considerar como um recurso ou a diminuir sua quantidade se multiplicam. Em um primeiro momento, nós buscamos demonstrar em que os resíduos constituem um objeto geográfico e social completo, não apenas porquê ele revela o funcionamento da relação entre o Homem e a Terra, mas também por que a análise espacial das atividades ligadas a coleta, a eliminação e a valorização dos resíduos nos indica sua maneira de inserir-se nos territórios. Assim, tanto na França como no Brasil, um novo sistema de governança emerge a partir dos anos 1970, acordando aos resíduos um tratamento particular nas cooperações municipais, aplicando em concertação soluções técnicas, mas igualmente sociais, como a integração do trabalho dos Catadores na reciclagem. Entretanto, os esforços realizados pelos agentes públicos, privados e associativos são geralmente insuficientes para limitar os impactos e valorizar corretamente o lixo produzido pelas cidades. Nós buscamos, com as ferramentas da Geografia, fazer um balanço das soluções colocadas em prática em três estudos de caso (no Rio de Janeiro e em Paris) afim de compreender como se organizam os atores nos territórios para fazer face aos desafios ambientais, econômicos e sociais impostos pela eliminação dos resíduos urbanos, tendo em vista que os circuitos formais e informais continuam a coexistir. Enfim, os elementos de geograficidade desse objeto destacam-se de forma evidente tanto pelo tratamento das temporalidades e entrelaçamento das escalas, mas também pela ampliação das responsabilidades no espaço público, a todos os níveis, desde as escalas individuais até as superestruturas institucionais
Parola, Emmanuelle. "La régulation des éco-organismes pour une meilleure protection de l'environnement." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080119.
Full textIn response to public health and environmental protection challenges related to waste management and in the context of increasing scarcity of raw materials, the creation of the concept of Extended Producer Responsibility (REP) has structured the implementation of the "polluter-pays" principle. At the heart of this system, a leading role has been given to eco-organizations which has driven the development of the circular economy.The difficulty to understand their legal form lies in the absence of a common status and in their singularity as private not-for profit companies involved in the exercise of a public service mission.Given the difficulty of reconciling economic and environmental objectives in the waste industry, a system of regulation of eco-organizations is essential.A lack of regulation could accentuate the risk of conflicts of interest. Such conflicts would negatively limit the research and development policy in the waste recovery industry. They could also slow down the eco-design policy for waste-generating industries. Moreover, such a failure could lead to an exacerbation of competitive risks, reinforcing the power of structuring and influence of eco-organizations.The purpose of this study is to propose legal improvements in the structure and functioning of eco-organizations in order to limit these risks : a new definition of these structures through administrative law, mobilization of company law to reinforce the consideration of the general interest, creation of a regulatory authority and the clarification of the responsibilities incurred
Hou, Chunyan. "Le droit des déchets : étude comparatiste France - Chine." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV132/document.
Full textFor years, the environment has become an important concern, if not a concern of paramount importance in everyday life worldwide. Today in France, ecological issues are emerging as a major element in the strategic guidelines in the losses or chosen company developments. France is regularly cited among the most environmentally friendly countries in the world. On the contrary, the environmental problems in China are alarming. Each year, the economic development is characterized by high consumption and high pollution. The policy of modernization and economic growth implemented by the Chinese authorities now includes consideration of environmental constraints as one of its main components. The issue of waste has become over time more and more problematic mainly because of their significant increase. However, awareness of the need for effective waste management only appeared late in minds. Waste treatment is one of the major environmental problems which each country in the world is facing, and the situation does not improve with the improvement of living standards. Faced with the increase in waste generation, the French legislator established in 1975 the county and regional waste management plans to encourage their recovery by means of the promotion of selective collection, recycling and incineration with energy recovery. In October 1995, China adopted a law on the prevention of pollution caused by solid waste in order to resolve the problems caused by waste. In the light of the French and Chinese regulations, this thesis aims at carrying out a comparative study of the similarities and differences in terms of waste management, namely the processing and destruction of waste and the administrative policies and public order governing trade in waste. As regards French law, we shall examine, namely, Law No 75-633 of 15 July 1975 on waste disposal and recovery of materials and Law n ° 76-663 of 19 July 1976 on classified installations for environmental protection. Concerning Chinese law, we shall examine the law on the prevention of pollution caused by solid waste was adopted on 30 October 1995; the Circular Economy Law of 29 August 2008; and the law on the promotion of clean production of 29 June 2002. Circular economy is a new mode of economic operation, implementing the principles of reduction and recovery of waste as well as the the reduction of waste harmfulness. This new mode was adopted by both the French and the Chinese laws. The comparative study focuses on the major principles and the adoption of specific measures for these two regulations. The international cooperation in terms of laws on waste in France and China is crucial. The study of the rules at international level on transboundary movements and disposal of hazardous waste has focused on human health and the environment. Many actions are performed to improve, restore or maintain the status of the various compartments of the environment and reduce the damages from human activities on the environment
Métivier, Virginie. "Méthode d'application d'un système de management de l'environnement, de la sécurité et de la santé : cas du site industriel de production pharmaceutique Abbott." Orléans, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ORLE1045.
Full textThe purpose of this report is to promote the implementation of a general method in respect of the environmental, safety and management systems for the pharmaceutical industry and more specifically for the industrial site for the Abbott laboratory. After giving an outline of the already existing environment, safety and hygiene management systems, we would develop the method and tools chosen to implement the management system for the Abbott site. Based on numerous examples we would also evaluate the results achieved by the new system. Eventually, we would analyse all sociological constraints and limits that held back the implementation of this environment, safety and hygiene management system that was chosen for the industrial site
Ngambi, Jules Raymond. "Déchets solides ménagers de la ville de Yaoundé (Cameroun) : de la gestion linéaire vers une économie circulaire." Thesis, Le Mans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LEMA3001/document.
Full textIn a bid to construe the issue of solid household waste management in Yaounde, two analytical frameworks were adopted. A linear management of waste based on strategies of collection, transportation, processing, dumping-ground for waste accumulation and a switch towards a circular economy. Since the overlapping of powers as well as the technical, management and organisational shortcomings stand originally as the root cause of environmental disparities, it hardly favours the public management of waste. This has entailed stakes and harm such as irregular dumping sites, open incineration, floods as well as waste related pathologies.Because of lapses in linear management, the authorities have decided to lay the foundations of a new system relying on the recycling of waste known internationally as “circular economy”. Circular economy is being developed in precise areas such as formal and informal recoveries, repair, reuse, buying and resale of waste, composting and recycling. Such a governmental strategy, supported by actors of the civil and private societies was concretised by the creation in 2010 of new sectors such as the project of methanisation in the dumping-ground of Nkol Foulou, the recycling of electrical and electronic equipment wastes. In addition, the adoption of a juridical framework of the waste economy followed in 2012. To sum up, it is evident that, as time goes by, the repairing activity is become so dynamic that there is a greater need to restructure it. However, people still have negative perception of waste that hinders the breakthrough of this area. Finally, it is compulsory to sensitize, inform and educate Yaounde city dwellers for the improvement of solid waste management in Cameroon
Pires, Negrao Marcelo. "La géographie des déchets au défi de l’organisation territoriale au Brésil et en France." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA173/document.
Full textThe impact of all kinds of waste inevitably increases as the world's population becomes more urbanized, and as initiatives to consider it as a resource or to reduce its quantity multiply. First, we seek to demonstrate that waste constitutes a complete geographic and social object, not only because it reveals how the relationship between Man and Earth functions, but also because spatial analysis of related activities linked to waste collection, disposal, and recovery, indicates how this object enters territories. Thus, in France and in Brazil, a new system of governance emerged in the 1970s, placing waste treatment in a particular treatment in municipal cooperation, applying both technical and social solutions, such as the integration of wastepickers work in recycling. However, efforts by public, private, and associative agents are generally insufficient to limit impacts and to value correctly the garbage produced in cities. Using Geography tools, we seek to evaluate solutions put into practice in three case studies (in Rio de Janeiro and Paris) in order to understand how the actors are organized in their territories to face environmental, economic, and social challenges put forth by the disposal of urban waste, since formal and informal circuits continue to coexist. Finally, the geographicity elements of this object stand out clearly in terms the treatment of temporalities and the interweaving of scales, but also by the expansion of responsibilities in the public space, at all levels, from individual scales to institutional superstructures
O peso dos resíduos de todo tipo aumenta inevitavelmente quanto mais a população mundial se urbaniza e que as iniciativas visando a lhes considerar como um recurso ou a diminuir sua quantidade se multiplicam. Em um primeiro momento, nós buscamos demonstrar em que os resíduos constituem um objeto geográfico e social completo, não apenas porquê ele revela o funcionamento da relação entre o Homem e a Terra, mas também por que a análise espacial das atividades ligadas a coleta, a eliminação e a valorização dos resíduos nos indica sua maneira de inserir-se nos territórios. Assim, tanto na França como no Brasil, um novo sistema de governança emerge a partir dos anos 1970, acordando aos resíduos um tratamento particular nas cooperações municipais, aplicando em concertação soluções técnicas, mas igualmente sociais, como a integração do trabalho dos Catadores na reciclagem. Entretanto, os esforços realizados pelos agentes públicos, privados e associativos são geralmente insuficientes para limitar os impactos e valorizar corretamente o lixo produzido pelas cidades. Nós buscamos, com as ferramentas da Geografia, fazer um balanço das soluções colocadas em prática em três estudos de caso (no Rio de Janeiro e em Paris) afim de compreender como se organizam os atores nos territórios para fazer face aos desafios ambientais, econômicos e sociais impostos pela eliminação dos resíduos urbanos, tendo em vista que os circuitos formais e informais continuam a coexistir. Enfim, os elementos de geograficidade desse objeto destacam-se de forma evidente tanto pelo tratamento das temporalidades e entrelaçamento das escalas, mas também pela ampliação das responsabilidades no espaço público, a todos os níveis, desde as escalas individuais até as superestruturas institucionais
Beraud, Hélène. "Initier la résilience du service de gestion des déchets aux catastrophes naturelles : le cas des territoires urbains et de l'inondation." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1046/document.
Full textImproving the resilience of urban areas against flooding is one of the main principles for flood prevention. Thinking in terms of resilience, i.e. enabling for the system to maintain or recover acceptable operating levels after disaster, allows to think differently and to anticipate post disaster period. The role of waste management system in resilience of urban territories has been little studied. However, during flooding, water degrades everything it touches, thereby producing very important quantities of waste. Blocked infrastructures, attacks on health and environment, psychological impacts, and deterioration in the area's image are the impacts made by poor management of this new waste. Therefore, adapting waste management system and anticipating flooding contributes to improving urban areas' resilience. That's why, this thesis suggests an approach allowing to assess resilience of waste management system. This approach proposes three steps : 1) study of capacity of waste management system to know waste management needs of the urban system. For this, a method allowing to quantify and to describe the waste that could be generated by flood was developed ; 2) study of capacity of waste management system to maintain an acceptable operating level compared with the urban system solicitations. For this, vulnerability assessment methods and reliability assessment methods were applied ; 3) study of capacity of waste management system to mobilize others waste management infrastructures in the larger scale, if it is unable to adapt itself to perturbation. This approach was applied to a concrete case
Bensbaa, Abderrezak. ""Plan de gestion global d'un projet de conception et d'édification d'une entreprise industrielle, œuvrant dans le cadre de la logistique inverse" : étude de cas : recyclage et pré-valorisation des pneus en fin de vie." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21196.
Full textParola, Emmanuelle. "La régulation des éco-organismes pour une meilleure protection de l'environnement." Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080119.
Full textIn response to public health and environmental protection challenges related to waste management and in the context of increasing scarcity of raw materials, the creation of the concept of Extended Producer Responsibility (REP) has structured the implementation of the "polluter-pays" principle. At the heart of this system, a leading role has been given to eco-organizations which has driven the development of the circular economy.The difficulty to understand their legal form lies in the absence of a common status and in their singularity as private not-for profit companies involved in the exercise of a public service mission.Given the difficulty of reconciling economic and environmental objectives in the waste industry, a system of regulation of eco-organizations is essential.A lack of regulation could accentuate the risk of conflicts of interest. Such conflicts would negatively limit the research and development policy in the waste recovery industry. They could also slow down the eco-design policy for waste-generating industries. Moreover, such a failure could lead to an exacerbation of competitive risks, reinforcing the power of structuring and influence of eco-organizations.The purpose of this study is to propose legal improvements in the structure and functioning of eco-organizations in order to limit these risks : a new definition of these structures through administrative law, mobilization of company law to reinforce the consideration of the general interest, creation of a regulatory authority and the clarification of the responsibilities incurred
Mérot, Anne-Sophie. "Gouvernance et développement durable : le cas de la responsabilité élargie du producteur dans la filière de gestion des déchets des équipements électriques et électroniques." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENG006/document.
Full textThis doctoral research focuses on the study of the governance of the electrical and electronic equipment waste (WEEE) stream, a sector governed by the principle of extended producer responsibility (EPR). EPR is an environmental management strategy in place to deal with environmental, health and economic issues created by the growing production of WEEE. We envisage EPR as a strategy for change towards a system that is more consistent with the principles of sustainable development. This transition is notably possible if the WEEE management regime is considered as a resource regime. As a system of rules and socially constructed set of norms, the EPR is also an institution. As such, it has similarities with the institutions of common resources management, including the importance of governance. In our case study, governance has two levels that embody the temporal character of sustainable development: an operational level, involved in daily management, and strategic level dedicated to a more long term vision
Voronine, Valérie. "PAYT de 3éme génération: contributions d'amélioration et de normalisation dans le cadre du coût-vérité des déchets ménagers." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209143.
Full textL’autorité peut décider d’aller plus loin en appliquant une redevance représentant le coût exact de la gestion des déchets. Pour ce, elle doit établir une comptabilité analytique des postes liés à la gestion des déchets. C’est le cas de la Région wallonne qui à travers l’application de son coût vérité des déchets impose une couverture des coûts s’approchant des 100%. Nous appelons ce concept « PAYT de 2ème génération ».
La condition préalable est de disposer, dès la mise en place de système PAYT, d’un cadre standard d’expression des coûts. Or, en Région wallonne, le cadre commun a été réduit à une simple énumération de libellés de recettes et dépenses, traduisant des concepts généraux.
Notre travail propose, d’une part, une normalisation du calcul et le développement d’une méthodologie de comptabilité analytique basée sur les règles de comptabilité budgétaire communale.
Parallèlement, l’application du coût-vérité ne donne qu’une image financière de la gestion des déchets des villes et communes. En aucune façon, il ne donne d’information concernant le niveau de service offert, ni le niveau des performances environnementales. Notre travail propose donc, d’autre part, l’ajout d’un calcul des performances environnementales et des services comme piste d’amélioration du système coût-vérité wallon.
Nous représentons virtuellement la gestion des déchets par une pyramide reposant sur 3 piliers :le coût, l’environnement et les services, et dont la hauteur représente la quantité produite. Sous le prisme du développement durable de nos villes et communes, la gestion des déchets devrait atteindre un parfait équilibre entre efficacité environnementale, accessibilité économique et acceptabilité sociale en assurant une qualité de vie aujourd’hui et demain pour les générations futures.
Le coût vérité wallon, déjà PAYT de 2ème génération puisqu’il impose une maîtrise transparente des coûts, deviendrait, en intégrant ces notions de développement durable, PAYT de 3ème génération.
Doctorat en environnement, Orientation gestion de l'environnement
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
El, Bouchtioui Lamia. "Le cadre réglementaire des déchets d'équipements électriques et électroniques : de la conception à la fin de vie des équipements électriques et électroniques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023BORD0491.
Full textWaste electrical and electronic equipment (W.E.E.E.) is a challenge for society as a whole, as their management has quickly become an issue that is at once economic, political, social, environmental and health. Thus, they represent a burden that developed countries seek to get rid of at a lower cost. International traffic has emerged around their export to developing or emerging countries mainly marked by legal weaknesses in environmental matters. Several international and regional texts limit the transboundary movement of waste in order to prevent economically efficient methods of sending hazardous waste. Within the European Union, a specific regulation aims to frame the theme of W.E.E.E. It advocates sustainable management of W.E.E.E. to protect and improve the quality of the environment. It aims to contribute to sustainable production and consumption, as a priority, through the prevention of W.E.E.E. and, in addition, through the reuse and recycling of materials in order to reduce the amount of waste to be disposed of. Recent changes in European law highlight the desire for a transition to a circular economy. Nevertheless, there are still some difficulties in achieving the objectives set. This work aims to address the way in which the law in force today incorporates a global approach to the subject taking into account the entire life cycle of the W.E.E.E. reconciling environmental and economic objectives. This study highlights the advances but also the persistent difficulties that society must confront
Mbiadjeu-Lawou, Sosthène Parole. "Quelle économie circulaire spontanée pour une ville moyenne camerounaise ? : Le cas des déchets solides ménagers de Bangangté (Cameroun)." Thesis, Le Mans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LEMA3007/document.
Full textTo understand the spontaneous circular economy of Bangangte, a Cameroonian medium-sized city, with the case of solid household waste, we formulate a main hypothesis showing the strongly linked that alternative or spontaneous practices for managing to the circular economy. To achieve this, we have adopted a transversal, explanatory and analytical approach. Documentary research permitted us to obtain data related to our topic. Based on a random sample, we surveyed 200 households in 10 neighbourhoods or quarters in Bangangte city. In addition, we conducted 30 interviews with several stakeholders : public administration in charge of waste management, Cameroon Sanitary and Hygene company (HYSACAM), reclaimers, green jobs, association, etc. Empirical observations, often illustrated, allowed us to identify and assess the risk factors and consequences related to household solid waste. We were able to monitor the recovery activities by the Bangangteans and the municipality, for the efficient and profitable waste management. This approach has enabled us to obtain results on waste characterization, current practices and the mapping of waste deposits and compostion, their distribution by quantity and neighbourhood, and the processing and sale sites for recovery and recycling materials. Knowledge of the different perceptions and ways of using waste is also important. In Bangangte, the practice of the local circular economy has had positive socio-economic and has generated more than a hundred local jobs in the field of recovery, recycling activities, composting, reuse,etc. to go further, the mutualization between several actors
Boudhar, Hamza. "Optimisation de la politique de remanufacturing des pièces de rechange dans le cadre d'une maintenance intégrée à une chaîne logistique en boucle fermée." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0024.
Full textMotivated by the change of regulations in the matter of sustainability, but also by pure economic constraints, several industries have found themselves obligated to develop new methods and models for the management of products that are at the end of their life cycle. In this context, the remanufacturing aims at managing the recovery of the product’s value before its end of life. This type of action will extend the product life cycle and save the use of the raw material. These remanufactured products will be re-injected in a market that serves another class of customers, different from the one using new products. In other cases, the remanufactured products are reused as spare parts for the maintenance, but this reuse may vary according to the maintenance strategy adopted. This thesis focuses on the integration of a hybrid flow supply of spare parts in a service model based on stochastic degradation of a production system. Two types of spare parts supply flows are studied: a direct flow and reverse flow. The direct flow is represented by the use of new spare parts and the reverse flow is represented by the reuse of the recovered parts during the replacements, with the ability to perform remanufacturing action to improve the degradation level of these spare parts. Several issues were treated to better understand the impact of remanufacturing policies over the performance of a production system. At the beginning we started our study with production systems composed of a single machine. In this context, we proposed sequential studies then integrated one to optimize the maintenance policy as well as the Hybrid provisioning in regard to spare parts destined to replacement actions. Similarly, we’ve studied the production management subjected to quality constraint based on the machine’s degradation process. Furthermore, we’ve presented generalizations of studied models within the context of a production system composed of several machines. Finally, we’ve developed an aid-to-decision-design tool for production systems within the remanufacturing process. This problematic aims at –from a strategic point- selecting the best group of machines to build a new system of production that is able to satisfy the constraints of a production defined by the decision maker
Velayoudon, Prescilia. "Valorisation de biodéchets pour la restauration de sites dégradés de Nouvelle-Calédonie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nouvelle Calédonie, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NCAL0004.
Full textBiowaste like biosolids or poultry can be used for organic amendment of soils. In New Caledonia, the demographic development involves an increase in waste production and the management of these ones is highly important for local authorities. On the other hand, there are numerous degraded sites issued from mining activity. In particular mining sites after exploitation, characterized by an ultramafic substratum, and industrial sites The objective of this thesis consists to bring data on biowaste valorization (sewage sludge and poultry) for degraded sites restoration. Three kind of degraded sites are selected: a not-reorganized ferralsol, a ferralsol reorganized by the mining activity and an industrial site. From these independent studies, we try to evaluate the opportunity of revegetalization from the seed bank of the original soil, or vegetalized a site free of original soil by plantations. On these 3 sites, it was followed the biometric, chemical variables of the vegetal species and chemical and physico-chemical variables of the substrata. The results are encouraging, with positive effects on plant growth. The biosolids quantity should be modulating according to the objectives to obtain between plant production and specific diversity. The low bioavailability of the ETM seems to be favorable to the biowaste manuring of these specific substrata for the rehabilitation of the degraded sites
Guidi, Marc-Antoine Diego. "Exploring the creation of values through waste management in poor communities as an alternative to waste externalization : participative research examples showing collaborative learning in India, Bolivia and Brazil." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLE022.
Full textThis research explores the capacity of poor communities in developing countries to collaboratively create sustainable sanitation solutions. The analytic framework for this research included theories on ‘externalization’ of waste (Douglas, 1996; Hird, 2012), value creation, circular economies, and community-based entrepreneurship (Peredo, 2003). Three case studies were undertaken in very poor fringe communities in India, Bolivia and Brazil using a community-based participatory methodology.The main findings were that ‘internalizing’ waste, by bringing it within the sphere of influence of local communities, lead to the implementation of unique and innovative hybrid solutions via a process of individuation (Simondon, 1989). While the results are not presented as definitive or prescriptive, a “Wheel of Community Empowerment” framework is offered to highlight key lessons and insights that may be relevant to municipal or other agencies working in sanitation in similar communities, as an alternative to mainstream approaches that ‘externalize’ waste and cause greater pollution
Fercoq, Alain. "Contribution à la modélisation de l’intégration lean green appliquée au management des déchets pour une performance équilibrée (économique, environnementale, sociale)." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENAM0004/document.
Full textSince the 80s , companies in developed countries are facing with competition increasingly sharp . In this context, the adoption of lean management has become widespread. It aims to speed up the flow , to reduce non- value added , as part of a continuous improvement process. Moreover, since the 90s , sustainable development is a growing interest . Social responsibility (CSR) is the business contribution to sustainable development issues. The approach is for companies to take into account the social and environmental impacts of their business to adopt the best practices and contribute to the improvement of society and the protection of the environment. This study positions the integration Lean Green serving a strategy Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) . A first strategic Lean Green model gives a structured framework for targeted scientific developments, prioritizing a particular performance. Segmentation according to the impacted (social, economic) major performance beyond environmental performance and the scope (internal / external to the company) , is proposed. Four strategies emerge then : eco-efficiency , eco-responsibility , eco-partnership , eco- solidarity. Each strategy responds to specific stakeholders of the company. For eco-efficiency, a quantitative study (design of experiment) prioritizes the factors affecting the minimization of waste in production and demonstrates the value of combining the two methods : the Lean "7 muda " and the Green 3Rs hierarchy ( reduce, Reuse, Recycle). Operating a "matrix Lean 3R " is desirable. For eco-responsibility, a model of Visual Management of Eco-Performance (VMEP), evaluated qualitatively (intervention research) improves an index of motivation. It is revealed that the integration of environmental considerations into the animation of economic performance , is in favor of improving
Machado, Filho José Valverde. "Politica nacional de resíduos solidos, seus regramentos e orientações para os entes municípais: análise dos aspectos jurídicos e dos instrumentos de planejamento e gestão dos resíduos sólidos urbanos." Universidade Católica de Santos, 2016. http://biblioteca.unisantos.br:8181/handle/tede/3201.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T17:20:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jos¿ Valverde Machado Filho.pdf: 1218607 bytes, checksum: 91f64bf716d33a3aaac34a23798f2a4a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-03
Cette recherche a comme objectif l¿analyse de la loi 12.305, du 2 août 2010 qui établit la Politique Nationale de Déchets Solides (PNDS) et la présentation de ses prévisions et indications pour les municipalités, notamment celles relatives à la promotion du changement de paradigme de l¿actuel modèle qui maintient la référence à la pratique de « l¿éloignement des déchets » vers un nouveau scénario qui priorise la non production, la réutilisation, le recyclage et l¿exploration énergétique des déchets solides urbains. Par ailleurs, cette étude a comme but d¿approfondir l¿analyse des domaines juridiques et instruments de planification et gestion qu¿apporte la PNDS qui devraient, du fait de la période d¿application et délais prévus, d¿ores et déjà orienter l¿administration publique municipale en ce qui concerne la gestion intégrée des déchets solides urbains, mais ne le fait pas pour une parcelle expressive des Municipalités qui ne l¿exerce pas de manière effective. Il est, par ailleurs, poursuivi dans cette recherche la présentation des points d¿entraves qui retardent l¿adhésion pleine des municipalités aux directrices de la PNDS et à partir de ce scénario proposer des mécanismes qui permettront de surpasser ces obstacles.
A presente pesquisa tem por finalidade examinar a Lei nº 12.305, de 2 de agosto de 2010 que institui a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS) e demonstrar seus regramentos e indicações para os Entes Municipais, especialmente os que estão dedicados a promover a mudança de paradigma do atual modelo que guarda referência na prática do ¿afastamento do lixo¿, para um novo cenário que priorize a não geração, reutilização, reciclagem e aproveitamento energético dos resíduos sólidos urbanos. Tem-se ainda, como objetivo, aprofundar análise sobre institutos jurídicos e instrumentos de planejamento e gestão trazidos pela PNRS que pelo tempo de vigência e prazos estabelecidos, já deveriam orientar a administração pública municipal em relação à gestão integrada de resíduos sólidos urbanos, mas que ainda não foram atendidos por expressiva parcela dos municípios e por eles não são exercidos com efetividade. Buscar por fim, demonstrar os pontos de entraves que retardam a plena aderência do Ente Municipal em relação às diretrizes da PNRS e, a partir desse cenário, propor mecanismos que propiciem a superação desses obstáculos.
Mailloux, Michèle. "Plan directeur de gestion intégré des déchets solides pour la MRC Robert-Cliche." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1995. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/994.
Full textGeisler, Emma. "Développement d'objets de qualité optique par photopolymérisation frontale." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022MULH4947.
Full textToday, optical quality object fabrication, such as ophtalmic lenses, uses a mould process. Those moulds allow obtaining object named “semi-finished” or “finished” voluntarily oversized. Then, those are cut, machined and shaped in order to fit different eyeglasses corrections, and frames. 90% of the initial material used are wasted, and will be hardly recycled The additive manufacturing processes seem to be a good idea to avoid the waste production. This PhD thesis objective is to develop a new additive manufacturing process to obtain optical quality objects. With the good photopolymerization process, it is possible to manage a continuous polymerization front under an UV light beam. This study was organised into several separated parts. The first one is the study of the formulation, and the chemistry, to control the polymerization front propagation. The second one is the equation modelization of the front propagation, using a well-known equation in the additive manufacturing process field. Finally an applicative part describes the industrial problem starting with the optical quality description of the object, and the knowledge transfer on a semi-industrial irradiation system
Fourcroy, Elena. "Gouvernance territoriale pour l’anticipation et la résolution des conflits dans les projets de valorisation des digestats de méthanisation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Compiègne, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023COMP2794.
Full textThe bioeconomy and the circular economy have recently gained a major place in the European Union policies on the ecological, energy and social transition. Supported by these public policies, the biogas sector has experienced a remarkable growth in recent years. Biogas production makes it possible to produce both gas from renewable resources, and digestate, a by-product which amending and fertilizing properties are useful for agriculture. The “return to the soil” of digestate is considered as a key element of the circularity of the biogas sector. However, numerous controversies remain over the environmental and health impacts of returning digestates to the soil, and conflicts related to the actual or supposed negative externalities of digestates negatively impact the development of the sector. We use a qualitative method, centred on the analysis of case studies, to explore this topic, about which the scientific literature remains very scarce. We try to understand, at first, the nature of these conflicts, and secondly, how territorial governance mechanisms can anticipate or solve these conflicts. Our results show that conflicts emerge around certain dimensions of the territorial capital: the preservation of the natural capital, the inadequacy of the infrastructural and equipment capital, and oppositions around the cultural capital. These conflicts often crystallize previous tense situations, at a local or regional scale. The activation of territorial proximity, at different spatial scales, local, regional and sub-regional, with the intervention, sometimes, of one or more public or private intermediaries, allows stakeholders to coordinate in order to: exchange information and better mobilize the territorial capital, produce and acquire new knowledge in the event of uncertainty about the impacts of digestates, and develop common political visions on the development of the sector
Boudhar, Hamza. "Optimisation de la politique de remanufacturing des pièces de rechange dans le cadre d'une maintenance intégrée à une chaîne logistique en boucle fermée." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0024/document.
Full textMotivated by the change of regulations in the matter of sustainability, but also by pure economic constraints, several industries have found themselves obligated to develop new methods and models for the management of products that are at the end of their life cycle. In this context, the remanufacturing aims at managing the recovery of the product’s value before its end of life. This type of action will extend the product life cycle and save the use of the raw material. These remanufactured products will be re-injected in a market that serves another class of customers, different from the one using new products. In other cases, the remanufactured products are reused as spare parts for the maintenance, but this reuse may vary according to the maintenance strategy adopted. This thesis focuses on the integration of a hybrid flow supply of spare parts in a service model based on stochastic degradation of a production system. Two types of spare parts supply flows are studied: a direct flow and reverse flow. The direct flow is represented by the use of new spare parts and the reverse flow is represented by the reuse of the recovered parts during the replacements, with the ability to perform remanufacturing action to improve the degradation level of these spare parts. Several issues were treated to better understand the impact of remanufacturing policies over the performance of a production system. At the beginning we started our study with production systems composed of a single machine. In this context, we proposed sequential studies then integrated one to optimize the maintenance policy as well as the Hybrid provisioning in regard to spare parts destined to replacement actions. Similarly, we’ve studied the production management subjected to quality constraint based on the machine’s degradation process. Furthermore, we’ve presented generalizations of studied models within the context of a production system composed of several machines. Finally, we’ve developed an aid-to-decision-design tool for production systems within the remanufacturing process. This problematic aims at –from a strategic point- selecting the best group of machines to build a new system of production that is able to satisfy the constraints of a production defined by the decision maker
Carré, Marie-Noëlle. "Gouverner la métropole par les déchets : Service urbain, action publique territoriale et écologie urbaine à Buenos Aires." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01054708.
Full textVelayoudon, Prescilia. "Valorisation de biodéchets pour la restauration de sites dégradés de Nouvelle-Calédonie." Thesis, Nouvelle Calédonie, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NCAL0004/document.
Full textBiowaste like biosolids or poultry can be used for organic amendment of soils. In New Caledonia, the demographic development involves an increase in waste production and the management of these ones is highly important for local authorities. On the other hand, there are numerous degraded sites issued from mining activity. In particular mining sites after exploitation, characterized by an ultramafic substratum, and industrial sites The objective of this thesis consists to bring data on biowaste valorization (sewage sludge and poultry) for degraded sites restoration. Three kind of degraded sites are selected: a not-reorganized ferralsol, a ferralsol reorganized by the mining activity and an industrial site. From these independent studies, we try to evaluate the opportunity of revegetalization from the seed bank of the original soil, or vegetalized a site free of original soil by plantations. On these 3 sites, it was followed the biometric, chemical variables of the vegetal species and chemical and physico-chemical variables of the substrata. The results are encouraging, with positive effects on plant growth. The biosolids quantity should be modulating according to the objectives to obtain between plant production and specific diversity. The low bioavailability of the ETM seems to be favorable to the biowaste manuring of these specific substrata for the rehabilitation of the degraded sites
Rodrigues, Jérémy. "Analyse de cycle de vie intégrative de filières de production de biomasse à usage industriel par la valorisation de délaissés." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0321/document.
Full textMarginal materials and lands (brownfields, byproducts, inert wastes), the management of which causes significant environmental impacts, can be valorized through soil construction in order to grow nonfood biomass (e.g. fiber, energy). This may reduce their volume and increase use of renewable resources without direct or indirect competition with food crops or biodiversity. This thesis assesses the sustainability of such supply chains with Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), considered one of the most pertinent existing methods. This thesis introduces indicators complementary to current use, in order to improve LCA’s exhaustivity and its taking into account of marginal lands’ specificities. It prioritizes impacts with respect to planetary boundaries (i.e. maximum impacts levels acceptable to avoid ecosystem disruption), average impacts in studied geographic context and added value of the supply chains. Most of these suggestions are applied to the study of a soil construction process using inert and organic wastes (LORVER). The high diversity of materials and alternative management strategies and the most certain tradeoffs and critical parameters are assessed combining uncertainty and multidimensional analysis tools. Constructed soil’s ability to stabilize carbon and pollutants is demonstrated to be its major condition for sustainability. For other impacts (ecosystem services, air quality, resources), LORVER is even less pertinent when the need for material transportation increases, and more importantly if those materials could have otherwise been used to replace commodities polluting to produce. These results highlight when LORVER can be seen as sustainable
Diouf, Mariama. "L'économie sociale au service du développement durable urbain : étude sur l'organisation des entreprises de recyclage dans la région de Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28182/28182.pdf.
Full textAzari, Elahe. "Quels types d'éco-quartiers pour l'Iran ? : recherche sur la faisabilité des écoquartiers en Iran : application à l'étude de la création et construction d'un écoquartier en campagne de Téhéran et ses effets sur les citoyens et leurs modes de vie : Téhéran-Hashtgerd." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAH016/document.
Full textWe enter in the new level of urban planning that promotes eco-district, which is part of the objective of sustainable development and reduction of the ecological footprint, usually associated with a strong involvement of residents. Recall that an eco-district is a district that reduces energy consumption by using renewable energy; highlights gentle movements; limit the production of waste and the use of resources such as water; also involved in the choice of building materials.The development of eco-neighborhoods is very recent in the Western world, and has seen little application elsewhere. A country like Iran has not yet integrated accurate reflection on eco-neighborhoods and their development, even though it is now entering a new stage of sustainable development. Our project is to research and focus on the acceptability and feasibility of eco-neighborhoods which are adapted to the Iranian world, and whose results could revolutionize, or at least to change the urban design of cities in Iran. In a first point we briefly consider the general problem of the eco-district, before dealing in second place this issue in the context of Iran and, more specifically Tehran ; for final question the feasibility of eco sustainable neighborhoods in Iran
Pantelodimou, Eirini. "La lutte contre la pollution marine en France." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010317.
Full textThe sea plays a vital role in regulating climate and in maintaining ecological balance. The oceans and the sea constitute a source of wealth, an immense reservoir of food resources and of employment for many people. The Mediterranean Sea is a sensitive ecosystem, subject to strong pressures derived from human activities, such as fishing, oil and gas exploration, dumping of waste and other matter in the sea, maritime transport, transfer of aquatic invasive species via ballast water and littoral tourism. France, severely affected by the sinking of the Amoco Cadiz, the Erika and the Prestige, took numerous initiatives not only at an international but also at a regional level. The complexity of the marine pollution problem, due to the diversity of polluting factors and to their diffuse sources, has favored a regional approach. This approach has resulted in the adoption, at a national, regional and international level, of a network of policies, legislative texts, programs and action plans in the field of marine environment protection. It constitutes a stifling body of rules, comprising preventive and repressive measures. The institutional and legal complexity of marine protection hinders, however, the effective protection of the marine environment. ln this context, the international community encourages the implementation of an ecosystem approach to oceans. At European level, the adoption of the Framework Directive «Strategy for the Marine Environment» favours a consistency between different EU policies as well as an integration of environmental considerations into ail policies related to the sea. Furthermore, the effectiveness of European legislation in the field of the fight again marine pollution, has been reinforced by the adoption of a common framework of liability with regard to the prevention and remedy of environment damage
Gareau, Priscilla. "Gouvernance environnementale et gestion intégrée des déchets au Québec : obstacles à la protection de l'environnement, de la santé publique et à la démocratie participative." Thèse, 2008. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1539/1/D1694.pdf.
Full textDricot, Estelle. "Défis et perspectives de l'expansion aquacole en Thaïlande." Thèse, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14868.
Full text