Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Déchets radioactifs – Sociologie – France'
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Patinaux, Leny. "Enfouir des déchets nucléaires dans un monde conflictuel. Une histoire de la démonstration de sûreté de projets de stockage géologique, en France (1982-2013)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0164.
Full textIt takes up to hundreds of thousands of years for the radioactivity contained in some nuclear waste to decrease under acceptable threshold. How engineers and scientists from the French agency for nuclear waste management (Andra) prove the safety of an underground disposal on such a temporality? Based on the study of the Andra's archives and on internal observation, this thesis intends to address and answer the above question.This thesis is first and foremost a social history of scientific practices used to study the evolution of storage (geology, materials science, numerical simulation...) between the 1980’s and 2013. It's also a study of the role of research in governing the back end of the nuclear fuel cycle, after the French law of 1991 provided nuclear waste management with legal framework. Burying nuclear waste is the only option to manage them. However, the distinction between the research undertaken in Bure underground laboratory and their purpose, has allowed Andra's siting. Engineers and scientists from this agency are faced with the epistemic inability to understand exhaustively the evolution of storage during hundreds of thousands years. The progress of the project and researches work jointly and the pursuit of science constantly disrupts the understanding of the storage evolution. When, in the 1990s, the public demonstration of storage safety became a condition of its acceptance, the Andra progressively gave up the idea that a formal demonstration, like a mathematical one, could be produced. Since the 2000s, the storage safety has been based on a “cluster of arguments” which ensures a degree of control over the deposit evolution. Finally, this thesis shows how the French nuclear waste management has been promoted as a prime example of technical democracy
Blanck, Julie. "Gouverner par le temps : la gestion des déchets radioactifs en France, entre changements organisationnels et construction de solutions techniques irréversibles (1950-2014)." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IEPP0024/document.
Full textIn France, the problem of radioactive waste has been subjected to different solutions. In 1979, the storage of radioactive waste was entrusted to a specialized operator, the National Agency for Radioactive Waste Management (Andra). Yet, through the course of its history, the Agency has faced many difficulties to implement its projects, which often came under strong public criticism. Still today, while its project of geological disposal is about to move into its industrial phase, the Andra is still widely criticized and serves as a crystallization point for power relationships in the nuclear sector. In order to retrace the evolution of French radioactive waste management since the 1950s, the archival and ethnographical study of the Andra’s organizational work provides an insider perspective on how its agents have defined problems, as well as conceived and implemented solutions. Indeed, through this strategic and political work, they have frequently transformed the Agency to fit the progress of its projects. From an industrial subsidiary of the French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), the Agency was transformed into a finalized research agency, then again into an industrial operator in order to undertake to construction the geological disposal site. Through to these changes, actors have been able to revived criticized projects, without necessarily modifying their contents. In fact, it is not stability but organizational and institutional flexibility, which can account for the preservation of these controversial solutions. Lastly, the problem of radioactive waste crystallizes a multiplicity of temporal logics. The analysis of this work of temporalisation, which can be seen as a particular kind of organization, questions the articulation between change and permanency of public action. As such, this study sheds light on the relation between dynamics of problem definition, the construction of irreversible technical solutions, and organizational and temporal work
Barthe, Yannick. "La mise en politique des déchets nucléaires : l'action publique aux prises avec les irréversibilités techniques." ENSMP, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ENMP1002.
Full textBenslimane-Bouland, Amal. "Validation expérimentale du calcul du taux de capture des noyaux intervenant dans le cycle du combustible." Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX11062.
Full textRoubeuf, Véronique. "Interactions entre fluides et sédiments argileux naturels : étude expérimentale dans des conditions simulant un stockage souterrain de déchets radioactifs." Nancy 1, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2000_0190_ROUBEUF.pdf.
Full textLandwehrlen-Weill, Agnès. "Débat public et gestion des déchets nucléaires en France : vers une amélioration du processus démocratique entre participation et décision ?" Thesis, Metz, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009METZ028L.
Full textThe purpose of the research is with regards to public debate's place in the decision democratic process in the 21rst century France, and applied to the problematic of the radioactive wastes management. The starting hypothesis, relying on the disposals multiplying debates forms since the 80's, is to assert the increasing place of the public debate in the decision and construction process of the general interest. More precisely, researches focus on the communication modes of the set of the actors and their audiences, involving institutional public debate organized by the National Commission for the Public Debate, but also involving debate in a general meaning, therefore evoking the generic designation of any kind of public discussion about collective choices. What's interrogating us on the put in prospect of the democratic game between all the different actors : political ones, experts, industrial ones, administrative ones and "ordinary" citizens, may it be at a local level (with the example of an installation of a radioactive wastes stocking center on a territory) or else at a national level – frame in which the implementation of the public action results in political decisions framed by legislative work. This double problematic interrogates deliberation and decision processes of the Public Powers, regarding scientific and technologic choices domain, since we're dealing here with nuclear, which is a particularly complex domain, target of many socio-technical controversies, since it contains technological stakes, as well as political, economical and social ones, with a strong ethic value. Here, we'll be dealing with wondering – through this "radiography" of the French public debate – about its stakes and its purposes as well as its mediator ability between social actors
Laverlochère, Carole. "Étude des processus de formation des choix collectifs en univers incertain et controversé : Le cas du choix d'une modalité de gestion à long terme des déchets hautement radioactifs en France." Thesis, Nîmes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NIME0005.
Full textFor the past ten years or so, the implementation of major projects of general interest (LGV, dam, airport, radioactive waste storage center) has faced a risk of a new kind of contestation. The Large Useless and Imposed Projects movement manages to federate environmentalist and anti-globalization oppositions in order to question the definition of the general interest or public utility carried by the contested projects. Far from being just an obstacle to public decision-making, they question how stable and coherent collective choices can be formed based on a necessarily evolving and contingent definition of the general interest. To answer this question, we rely on the study of a conflictual case which has for more than 30 years been opposed by promoters and opponents to a project for an industrial center for the storage of French highly radioactive waste. This case will be studied using a theoretical reading grid which mainly mobilizes the work of François Perroux on power and information. In fine, we show that collective choices are the net result of information power relations between groups of unequal agents who evolve within a constantly evolving social system
Millet-Devalle, Anne-Sophie. "L'invention d'un système juridique : nucléaire et droit." Nice, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NICE0015.
Full textThe industrial uses of the atom have been taking care of by the law for thirsty years in the beginning; the legal system was used in order to facilitate the development of nuclear energy (characterized by the lack of specificity of the origins of law and of its content) and to manage nuclear risks. Further on, the characteristics of the atom made it necessary to find new legal solutions (reform of the public inquiry, procedures of important public works, special regime of responsibility) and other solutions to influence the social law and environmental law. The atom requires also democratization as well on the internal basis (decentralization and right to be informed) as on the international level (regime of nuclear materials and cooperation in case of transfrontary pollution). These characteristics allow to detect the birth of a legal nuclear system
Postel, Catherine. "Contribution à l'étude des radionucléides émetteurs gamma dans les huitres du département de la Manche." Caen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CAEN3070.
Full textDoan, Phuong Hoai Linh. "Prise en compte économique du long terme dans les choix énergétiques relatifs à la gestion des déchets radioactifs." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED050/document.
Full textNowadays, the deep geological repository is generally considered as the reference solution for the definitive management of spent nuclear fuel/high-level waste, but different countries have decided different disposal deployment schedules. Via the economic calculation, we hope to offer some answers to the following question: In terms of disposal time management, how should the present generations, benefiting from the nuclear power generation, bear the costs of radioactive waste management, while taking into account future generations? This thesis proposes to analyze specifically the French decision in its context. We propose a set of tools to evaluate the Utility of the deep geological repository project according to the deployment schedule choices. Our thesis also studies the influence of disposal choices on the nuclear fuel cycle. Beyond, we also take into account the interactions between the deep geological repository, nuclear fleet and cycle choices which constitute a "complete system"
Nougarol, Renaud. "La tarification incitative des déchets ménagers comme processus d’économisation ? : sociologie des cadrages et des débordements d’une politique publique." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20086.
Full textIn France, public authorities have been trying to generalize Unit-Based Pricing of household waste (UBP). It is a pricing system that consists in charging users for the waste management service depending on the amount of waste they produce. Nevertheless, UBP is not largely implemented because the actors responsible for its implementation fear being confronted to a certain number of economic issues, social issues and environmental issues.Keeping in mind the triple observation that the scientific literature on this subject was essentially written by economists, that economists generally favour the economic incentive, and that they have a central place in public action, the general hypothesis of this research is about the role of economists and their studies to set the agenda of UBP in France by a dynamics of "framing" of its "overflowing" (of its problems). This thesis defends the idea of an economization process characterized by successive "translations" – before and during the Grenelle de l'Environnement – of the work of a waste-assessment organisation marked by the presence of certain economists and certain economic studies favourable to UBP. These "translations" have been carried out by Communist representatives, and this thesis is in accordance with the various works which show that the economisation cannot be reduced to organic links with the liberal economic doctrine or with a form of "neoliberalism" which would constitute the explanatory variable of public policies change.In addition, this research focuses on the local implementation of UBP. By describing, step by step, how members of a local community set up their unit-based pricing project between 2013 and 2016, the work undertaken shows how they have "managed" various "overflows" related to its implementation
Charpentier, Delphine. "Rôle de l'oxydation chimique et de l'acidification des eaux sur les propriétés minéralogiques et physico-chimiques de la formation argileuse de Tournemire." Nancy 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NAN10199.
Full textThe Tournemire (France) site has been selected for research programmes on deep geological waste disposal in clay-rich rock formation. A railway tunnel is used to study the evolution of rock properties and water-rock interactions in the excavated disturbed zone. Multi-scale and multi-technique investigations were carried out. Experiments and numerical modelling were used to predict changes due to rock mineralogy and water chemistry modifications. The tunnel and galleries digging induces fracture formation. In the altered samples, the clay particles show a better orientation in the stratification plan. The oxidation effect yields to mineralogical transformation on the surfaces of the argillite: oxidation of pyrite, dissolution of calcite, dissolution of illite layers in interstratified I/S and formation of gypsum, Fe-oxi/hydroxides, celestite and jarosite. During cycles of hydration/dehydration, condensation water interacts with the argillite and quickly becomes Ca and SO4-rich
Robinet, Jean-Charles. "Minéralogie, porosité et diffusion des solutés dans l'argilite du Callovo-Oxfordien de Bure (Meuse, Haute-Marne, France) de l'échelle centimétrique à micrométrique." Poitiers, 2008. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2008/Robinet-Jean-Charles/2008-Robinet-Jean-Charles-These.pdf.
Full textIn Bure Callovo-Oxfordian argillite (Meuse/Haute Marne, France), the spatial organisation of porosity and minerals (mainly quartz, carbonates, and clays) controls the solute diffusion at mescoscopic scale (~cm-µm). New developments in the field of image analysis were devoted to extract mineral maps from 2-D (scanning electron microscopy) and 3-D (X-ray microtomography) imaging techniques. The porosity maps provided by the 3H-PMMA method demonstrate that porosity and mineral distributions are clearly correlated. The local (~µm) and global (~cm) porosity depend mainly on clay mineral content, carbonates and quartz being unporous. Solute diffusion was modelled from actual 3-D mineral and porosity spatial distribution. Using this numerical approach, diffusion pathways were quantified according to the mineral distribution. The geometry factor was correlated to the fraction and the morphology of unporous mineral. A diffusion anisotropy due to the preferential orientation of carbonates and quartz was also underlined by this approach. In an experimental way, Cu2+ diffusion and mineral was visualised and quantify at mescoscopic scale from elemental mapping methods. These techniques provide various relationships between Copper distribution and mineralogy
Adam, Christelle. "Cinétiques de transfert le long d'une chaîne trophique d'eau douce des principaux radionucléides rejetés par les centrales nucléaires en fonctionnement normal (137 Cs, 60 Co, 110M Ag, 54 Mn). Application au site de Civaux sur la Vienne." Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX11030.
Full textVéran, Marie-Pierre. "Etude des transferts de l'241 Am en eau douce : application à l'écosystème rhodanien." Aix-Marseille 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX11083.
Full textLin, Zhenhua. "Development of high sensitivity gamma and beta sensors for in situ diffusion tests in the mudstone in France." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1024/document.
Full textThe precise monitoring of radiotracers, for example used for medical imaging, for the storage of ultimate waste, or for certain industrial applications can be a very complex subject. The development of low-noise sensors with long-term stability and high geometric flexibility were engaged by the AXINT company. (Hautefeuille, et al., 2006). My PhD thesis was focused on experiments in the diffusion of radiotracers, typically to monitor the possible leakage of radioactive products from the geological repositories. We focuses on the study of the 22Na and 36Cl ion diffusion, which is one of the highest cation and anions diffusion rate in geological medium, as well as actinides, which represent the majority of the radioactive elements of Stored nuclear waste. This thesis is in continuity with the research carried out by ANDRA (National Agency for Radioactive Waste), under contract with the laboratory ILM (Institute Light Matter), of which AXINT is the main subcontractor. The present project describes the research work that foreseen the radiation impact on the environment for the coming years during the deep disposal of nuclear waste. Our work focus on the investigation and quantification of the radionuclide diffusion through the geological clay barriers. A new in situ experiment was considered by Andra for the study of the radionuclide migration. Compared to previous experiments, this new in situ diffusion test required longer distance (hundreds of mm), longer time-scale (over 10 years), and real time in situ monitoring of radionuclides migration. To fulfill these conditions, the work was organized as following: 1: Conception and dimensional design of the Diffusion of Radio Nuclide (DRN) experiments in solving emission of beta and gamma radiations 2: Development of corresponding beta and gamma monitoring systems by means of sensors located in peripheral boreholes
Caillaud, Kévin. "Vers une gouvernance territoriale de l'environnement ? : analyse comparée des politiques départementales de gestion de l'eau destinée à la consommation humaine et des déchets municipaux." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00990135.
Full textKanzari, Aisha. "Migration de l'uranium, en condition d'altération météorique, dans les verses à stériles granitiques." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066629/document.
Full textIn a time span of 50 years uranium mining in France generated 163 Mt of waste rocks. These form waste rocks piles which are subjected to enhanced weathering compared to natural granitic outcrops. Therefore, as part of the French radioactive waste and material management plan (PNGMDR), waste rocks are studied in order to assess their potential environmental impact. This study specifically focuses on the internal structure of waste rock piles complemented by geochemistry and mineralogical data, in order to develop a model that assesses the waste rock pile’s weathering state and uranium’s stability. Results show uranium (U) is mainly associated to phosphates, either in primary accessory minerals, such as monazites, or crystallized in secondary uranyl-phosphates. When U is associated to amorphous iron oxyhydroxides, phosphorous is also associated. The importance of iron oxyhydroxides and phosphorous in uranium trapping is clearly demonstrated. Both iron oxyhydroxides as well as uranyl-phosphates form efficient and stable U traps, limiting U dissolution as long as pH, redox and temperature parameters remain stable. In case of variable conditions, smectite identified in the waste rock pile might also play a role in preventing further uranium diffusion
Brue, Flore. "Rôles de la température et de la composition sur le couplage thermo-hydro-mécanique des bétons." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00578753.
Full textLavaud, Cyril. "Traitement d'effluents aqueux par complexation en milieu micellaire et précipitation par voie sol-gel." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01023177.
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