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Academic literature on the topic 'Déchets – Valorisation – La Réunion (France ; île)'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Déchets – Valorisation – La Réunion (France ; île)"
Hatik, Christelle. "Proposition de scénarios de gestion raisonnée des déchets en vue de leur valorisation énergétique." Thesis, La Réunion, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LARE0034/document.
Full textToday's consumer society is generating a lot of pollution and waste . The exponential growth of garbage must lead us to rethink the way we consume and the way we consider the current system. Raising awareness of the damage is the best way to improve the situation so as to achieve better and more efficient results. That is why we chose to study waste management, to answer these objectives and to establish waste management scenarios adapted to a specific territory, here Reunion Island. Thereby, this study will contribute to the general development of insular territories. For the study, we have implemented a methodology allowing us to build waste management scenarios. To create these, we have developed a simulation and modelization tool for waste treatment and waste management. The methodology is organized in two parts: i) A description phase and ii) A quantification phase for each scenario of waste management. i) The description phase enables us to know and classify all the entities that compose the waste treatment system as well as raw flow and energy flow. For this, each part of a scenario can be divided into elementary components to simplify their creation. ii) The quantification phase is operational once all flows and entities are identified. This phase consists in defining and quantify all the parameters (flows and entities).Afterwards, we have developed a simulation and modelization tool for waste treatment and waste management to create scenarios. Each scenario requires environmental, economic and social parameters. At this stage, we can collect data for all management phases and establish a panel of scenarios. After scenarios are integrated in the tool, we can do a multi-criteria analysis to classify all possible alternatives that will help decision making. This analysis has proved relevant for choosing the best management and waste treatment scenarios. It also allows us to conduct a study that is as little oriented as possible, so as to ensure the reliability of the choices and decisions that will be selected
Hoarau, Julien. "Développement d'un procédé de production de biodiesel de troisième génération à partir d'un déchet organique issu de l'agro-industrie réunionnaise : la vinasse de distillerie." Thesis, La Réunion, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LARE0040.
Full textReunion Island offers an important source of renewable organic resources, much of which is in liquid waste such as distillery slops, representing more than 150 000 tons of effluent annually. The management issues of these effluent are strongly affected by their high load of organic element and require implementation of expensive decontamination techniques. Their value as raw material is thus a potential route for more efficient and cost-effective management. Among the many tracks of biotechnological valuation existing for distillery slops, this project focus on enhancing these wastes as biodiesel. The selection of oleaginous microorganisms (molds and yeasts) suitable for liquid waste of local distilleries for further processing into biodiesel have demonstrated the high growth ability of filamentous fungi with 60% of tested strains offering higher growth than 8 g/L and up to 20 g/L, with nutrient resource mobilization capacities from vinasse up to 50% of the nitrogen and organic carbon. Adapting the process to the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, known as oleaginous microorganism model for biodiesel production highlighted a phosphate deficiency limiting for the growth of this microorganism with 80% improvement observed when KH2PO4 was fed. Furthermore, the mobilization of the enzymatic equipment of a high growing microorganism on vinasse has also yielded improved biomass production, raising the possibility of recovery of an enzymatic cocktail specifically adapted to the degradation of distillery slops. Finally, the evaluation of more effective lipid transformation protocols was conducted in seeking to limit the costs for drying and lipid extraction prior to methanolysis. The application of the direct transesterification of biomass has increased production of biodiesel between 10 and 90% depending on the moisture of biomass, demonstrating the ability to remove lipid extraction step. Furthermore, the combination of basic and acidic catalysts can increase biodiesel yields from wet biomass to reach performance close to dry biomass
Campan, Florence. "Le traitement et la gestion des déchets ménagers à La Réunion : approche géographique." La Réunion, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00473306/fr/.
Full textSince the departmentalization in 1946, Reunion knew a development without precedent, in particular an urbanization which was done gradually, currently characterized by an articulation of rural and the urban one. Moreover, the population becoming increasingly numerous caused immediate a greater consumption. Consequence of our way of life, domestic waste does not cease growing and their rejection in the environment becomes a crucial problem; they thus became omnipresent and their treatment poses problems. The project of creation of an installation of elimination such as a factory of incineration of waste causes true general outcries on behalf of the reunionnais inhabitants and local councillors. The nimby syndrome gains the population. The reinforcement of the European standards aiming at allowing a better controlled management of the waste processing seems an additional burden. Thus, the installation of the laws stated and enacted by the European Union apply on a local scale but fit with difficulty insofar as they do not take into account the local constraints and specificities
Martial, Jérémie-Sébastien. "Injection dans un aquifère volcanique côtier : approche hydrogéologique d'une alternative à la gestion d'effluents : cas de la distillerie de Savanna, Bois Rouge, île de la Réunion." La Réunion, 2005. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/05_14_Martial.pdf.
Full textBiofuels become, in more and more countries, the environmentally friendly solution against the prospect of the reduction fossil fuels. Nevertheless, one must know that the production of ethanol generates an important amount of highly concentrated organic liquid wastes. We examine different options of waste management. Then, we focus on deep-well injection as a possible solution in the case of the Distillery of Savanna, located at Bois Rouge, La Réunion, Indian Ocean. Under 80m of silty alluviums, the confined volcanic aquifer as target for injection is relevant. We find that clogging appears, due to suspended solids and to biological activity. We suggest that leakance explain the lack of influence on the observation wells. We also show that aquifer's characteristics have a transient behaviour, depending on the flow rate. Numerical simulations give a travel time of 4 years until the discharge into the ocean, where ecological surveys attest a highly positive influence on benthic fauna
Paniandy, Jean-Christophe. "Étude d'un fruit tropical : le goyavier-fraise (Psidium cattleianum Sabine) : caractérisation physico-chimique, biochimique et conservation en frais de sa valorisation." La Réunion, 1999. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/99_07_Paniandy.pdf.
Full textGrondin, Isabelle. "Valorisation de graines de quelques fruits tropicaux. Etude chimique des lipides de Litchi sinensis Sonn. Et Euphoria longana Lam." Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT031G.
Full textWatson, Marie. "Valorisation par voie microbiologique d’un coproduit de l’industrie réunionnaise de la canne à sucre : la vinasse de distillerie." Thesis, La Réunion, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LARE0038.
Full textTo bring value to by-products from the sugar industry and to contribute to a bio-refinery approach, the V2ARUN project revolves around the aconitic acid, which is the major organic acid in sugarcane. This thesis aims to produce aconitic acid and/or to convert other organic acids present in the stillage through biological ways in order to combine bioremediation and bioconversion. The evolution of the growth of filamentous fungi in stillage has shown that particular strains of the Aspergillus family grow very well (30 gL-1 of biomass) leading to a reduction rate of COD around 50%. However, the complex composition of the stillage, especially in polyphenols, prevents some strains of fungi to grow. For this reason, the screening of strains that can enhance the vinasse has been extended to a two step fungal culture: a preliminary culture in a malt medium followed by the transfer of the biomass produced in the stillage. This process promotes the development of more micro-organisms in stillage and allows to increase the physico-chemical quality of the stillage that which obtained in conventional batch cultivation. Thereafter, the fermented musts obtained are analysed for the purpose of studying the evolution of organic acids and especially the aconitic acid. The results indicate that micro-organisms consume organic acids to grow and no organic acid is produced by this method. Even though, this technique does not respond to the industrial requirements of the V2ARUN project, other metabolites such as lignocellulosic enzymes have been identified and have thus allowed to consider new applications
Lebon, Édouard. "Optimisation de la méthanisation sèche des déchets ménagers." Thesis, La Réunion, 2019. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/19_43_ELebon.pdf.
Full textIt is urgent to define effective and coherent solutions to the problems of waste management in Reunion Island, while respecting the island's environment, whose soil and water resources are under great strain. One solution for organic waste management of human or animal origin is anaerobic digestion (AD). Overall, the volumes of waste collected by the various local authorities on Reunion Island are constantly increasing. Storage and treatment centres are struggling to keep up with this trend due to land and regulatory constraints. On Reunion Island, the volume of household waste is 313 kg/inhabitant/year. However, the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) collected has a significant potential for AD that needs to be examined in detail in order to determine the conditions for recovery by biogas production. The aim of this work is to study in scientifically and technically the potential development of the dry AD of OFMSW in Reunion Island. For this purpose, a first work of characterisation of household waste has been carried out on the territory of Reunion Island. Next, the methane potential of the OFMSW was determined experimentally following a mixing plan to highlight the synergistic effect of the different types of OFMSW. In addition, a kinetic model for methane production, a predictive model and a modification of the ADM1 model were developed
Bombarda, Isabelle. "Hémisynthèses d'alcools sesquiterpéniques : application à la valorisation de la fraction hydrocarbure de l'huile essentielle de Vetiver Bourbon." Aix-Marseille 3, 1994. http://tel.univ.run.elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/H/1994_Bombarda_I.pdf.
Full textQueste, Jérôme. "Concertation et changements : le cas du recyclage desdéchets organiques à la Réunion." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAH009/document.
Full textImproving the interactions between economic activities and the environment is a contemporary challenge and has been a major research topic for the last decades. Current trends recommend to implement dialogue processes to contribute to adaptive governance systems, ensuring both sustainable use of natural resources and protection of ecosystems. Despite growing empirical case studies, political ideologies and emerging analytical framework, the relationships between dialogue processes and effective observed changes in the human-nature interactions still remain unclear.This research explored the mechanisms through which a dialogue process may contribute to effectives changes in the way human-nature interactions were organized. To address this question, we did apprehend human-nature interactions as economic activities and focused on the organization of the markets involving natural resources. Two hypothesis of contribution of dialogue processes to market organization change based on literature were set: The improvement of organizations and individuals actors skills, knowledge and information through collective learning and the evolution of market organization through institutional change.Our research was conducted using the Girovar project as a case-study. In la Réunion, this project implemented a dialogue process to explore collectively large-scale recycling scenarios to solve a growing environmental issue of organic waste treatment. Parallel ethnographic studies were conducted to analysis both the dialogue process and evolutions of effective economic transactions involving two types of organic wastes: poultry litter and green-waste compost.Our main results are that dialogue processes provide resources to operational actors but do not trigger change. These resources include knowledge exchange and technical learning but exclusively to dialogue participants. At a broader scale, assessing the credibility, saliency and legitimacy of the recycling solution provides a “rational myth” that contributes to institutional change at both institutional and operational level. These mechanisms, whose genericity should be further assessed, qualify dialogue processes as a relevant component of a broader adaptive governance system
Book chapters on the topic "Déchets – Valorisation – La Réunion (France ; île)"
Carre, Catherine, and Emmanuel Forlini. "Les eaux usées urbaines entre produit et déchets. La valorisation agricole en Île de France." In Les métamorphoses du déchet, 145–57. Éditions de la Sorbonne, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.psorbonne.34209.
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