Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Déchets – Valorisation'
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Bettaieb, Fédia. "Valorisation des déchets cellulosiques tunisiens." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI059/document.
Full textMany cellulosic sources are available in Tunisia in large quantities such as agricultural waste (vine stems) and marine residues (Posidonia oceanica leaves and balls). Their valorization presents an interesting activity to produce new products and bio-based biomass materials. The present work deals with the preparation, characterization and application of nanocellulose. In fact, different qualities of nanocellulose, namely cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) were produced and characterized by various methods. The objective was to better understand the structure and morphology of the nanofibers obtained from both plants. Finally, various nanocomposites were prepared using the cellulose nanocrystals and cellulose nanofibrils as reinforcing element in polyacrylate polymer as matrix. The obtained results were compared with those reported for other sources such as annual plants and wood. It has been shown that nanocellulose from Posidonia oceanica and vine stem can be used as a new alternative nanoreinforcing source in nanocomposite applications
Castandet, Michel. "Recyclage et valorisation des déchets agricoles industriels et urbains." Rouen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ROUES041.
Full textQuirino, Waldir Ferreira. "Valorisation énergétique de déchets de bois par pyrolyse étagée." Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN10220.
Full textSchneider, François. "Analyse des réemplois, recyclages, valorisations de déchets par l'étude de systèmes cascade." Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0132.
Full textThis PhD develops a new method for the global analysis of recoveries (including reuse, recycling and other waste recove1ies) applied to all types of physical entities (materials, energy, space). This method is designed to take into account the multiple cycles of resources and is called « Analysis of Recoveries with Cascade Systems » (ARCS). After a presentation of basic concepts, the existing methods for environmental analysis of recoveries are described (with a focus on the numerous LCA versions) and are compared with the ARCS method. The ARCS method is precisely described step by step and applied to a theoretical case study
Cabanes, Frédéric. "Déphosphatation des effluents : précipitation et valorisation du phosphore." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2006. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7412/1/cabanes.pdf.
Full textCabanes, Frédéric. "Déphosphatation des effluents : précipitation et valorisation du phosphore." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2006. https://hal.science/tel-04576494.
Full textThe subject of this report is efficient phosphorus recovery from effluents by precipitation in basic solution of an insoluble calcium phosphate in either a fluidised bed of hydroxyapatite (HAP) seeds or in a stirred reactor. In the case of a synthetic effluent containing only phosphorus (50mg/L), the final concentration after treatment is reduced to less than 1mg/L when the temperature (35°C) and the pH (7. 5) are suitably selected. Precipitation, crystalline growth and coating phenomena were studied. Under the optimal conditions, the treatment using the fluidised bed process allows the precipitate to be retained entirely within the bed. Magnesium assists the coating in the fluidised bed process but inhibits crystalline growth. However at high pH (above 9) the phosphorus is recovered effectively. In all cases the recovered phosphorus can be directly reused by phosphate manufacturers
Marin, Nicolas. "Étude du comportement thermique et valorisation des déchets du bois." Metz, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2001/Marin.Nicolas.SMZ0106.pdf.
Full textIn the frame of the European program Inco-Copernicus “Bioval Network”, our study consisted in the characterization of the thermal behavior of the samples defined in the network. This was realized by thermal analysis using different experimental conditions. For the second part of this work, results of wood pyrolysis in autoclave were studied. Considering the fact that several biomass-plastic composites are actually prepared, or that waste upgrading needs treatment of biomass products and plastic materials, we also analyzed results of wood-plastic copyrolysis in autoclave. In particular, we insisted on analyzing light liquid fractions (bp < 180° C, under atmospheric pressure) of our experiments. Main results are : using two thermogravimetric configurations, obtained results are comparable so much for characteristic temperatures than for weight evolutions ; concerning kinetic parameters, obtained values are in agreement with those of the literature and the degradation of the studied polymers is independent of wood whatever its origin. This shows that during heating wood-plastic mixture, in TGA conditions, results are additive. As demonstrated in this work, the mixtures of the different types of biomass and polyolefinic polymers can be radically converted to liquid products by pyrolysis under inert atmosphere in the autoclave conditions. The origin of biomass as well as the type of polymers plays an important role on final product distribution. Obtained results demonstrate the potential of wood-plastic copyrolysis process for utilization of lignocellulosic waste in liquid production
Saint-Joly, Claude. "Vers une amélioration de la rentabilité des installations de biogaz : modélisation technico-économique de la production : utilisation et contribution à la connaissance du procédé en discontinu." Toulouse, INPT, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPT005A.
Full textLabbe, Hélène. "Caractérisation et essais de valorisation d'un lixiviat de déchets ménagers." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT002A.
Full textSanchez, Cadena Lorena Eugenia. "Valorisation par voie chimique de déchets de tôles d'aluminium laquées." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ECAP1056.
Full textMarculescu, Cosmin. "Contribution à l'étude des processus pour le traitement thermique des déchets ménagers et assimilés." Compiègne, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006COMP1638.
Full textThis work has been carried out on the heterogeneous solid waste characterization for further thermal treatment processing and on the identification of the optimum solutions for their energy valorization. The aim was to optimize the choice of the treatment process by suiting itself (according) to waste type. Experiments on laboratory and pilot scale installations were carried out on different products (municipal solid waste - MSW, industrial waste). The influence of operating conditions as well as product characteristics was investigated. A methodology was proposed enabling the extrapolation to industrial scale of obtained results on waste laboratory treatment. A comparative study on combustion, pyrolysis and gasification processes was undertaken in order to establish the thermal - kinetics of physical - chemical transformation of waste. The obtained results allowed to identify the operating parameters adapted to waste type that lead to a better energy conversion
Meheut, Gaelle. "Caractérisation et quantification des bioaérosols associés à la collecte des ordures ménagères résiduelles et des biodechets des ménages." Paris, CNAM, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CNAM0537.
Full textThe household refuse, and especially its biodegradable fraction (biowaste composed witch kitchen waste, garden waste and newspaper), represents ideal ideal habitat for the development of bacteria and fungi because of the presence of organic sources. The waste collection, as well as any other treatments involved in the waste management, induced the aerosolisation of these microorganisms (becoming "bioaerosols"). Exposure of workers to bioaerosols during the household refuse and biowaste collections is an emerging theme. The microbiological content of the solid phase of these two types of waste was analysed using molecular inventory. The three same bacterial orders (Pseudomnodales, Enterobacteriales and Lactobacilles) were identified but in different proportions according to the studied type of waste. Their fungal composition. The biowaste sample is the most diversified with however a preponderant group, the Sacchaomycotina, whereas the household refuse is constuted by only a single, the Pezizomycotina. New air sampling and analyses methods have to be optimised. The CIP 10-M system, based on the liquid impaction of bioaerosols sampled in the breathing zone of workers, was studied at the laboratory. Since the optimisation of the sampling conditions was performed, this air sampled was used in order to determine which parameter could influence the aerolisation from waste bins. With classical quantification method,results showed that only the fungal emissions depended on type of waste, temperature airborne fungi were sent fungi were sent out from garden waste, temperature and storage length. Higher levels of airborne fungi were sent out from garden waste, mixed which kitchen waste compared with kitchen waste alone and household refuse. Moreover, whatever the biowaste constituents were, fungal emissions increased with the storage length. That was not the case for the household refuse. The temperature evolution from 16°to 25 ° C induced as sooner increase in the airborne fungal levels during the storage. Packaging the biowaste in journal paper allowed to reduce quantities of airborne fungi. Furthermore, with this type of waste, the increased appeared but later during the storage. Air samples taken under real life situation in sidewalk bins were used to validate the sampling protocol withe CIP 10-M, the analyses methods and the results obtained under controlled conditions. Occupational exposure of household refuse and biowaste collectors to bioaerosols was the measured. The results showed that the workers were exposed to higher levels than the background. Moreover, the loaders were exposed to higher levels than the drivers. Levels of airborne bacteria and fungi varied according
Boucard, Linda. "Etude experimentale : valorisation de sediments fluviaux stabilises." Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ECLI0002.
Full textThe river transport is a major stake for the development of the human societies. It generates employment, unblocks the road traffic and contributes to the sustainable development. The silting of the inland waterways makes necessary and compulsory their maintenance. The absence of clearing out of the sediments accentuates the risks of flood, involves a river traffic restraint going until the complete inactivity of certain water ways, causing deviations and the fall of competitivity for a whole sector. The extraction of the sediments is not systematic because it raises problems of an ecological, political and financial nature. The important volume of sediments polluted (heavy metals, organic matter. . . ) to dredge requires an assumption of responsibility, currently, unsuitable or non-existent. Our samples were treated so that heavy metals are stabilized there. After a study of the various solutions and existing treatments, we worked in partnership with the company SOLVAY which developed the chemical process NOVOSOL® based on phosphoric acid. The valorisation of these new stabilized products was the objective of this work of thesis. After an environmental and mineral characterization of the sediments before and after treatment, we worked out and characterized new building materials containing stabilized river sediments. The applications were limited to compressed elements and concretes. These first tracks of valorisation offer attractive and evolutionary prospects thanks to the acquired lesson, with the improvement of methodology, a better control of materials and of their implementation
Villa, Jean-Baptiste. "Récupération et valorisation humanitaire des médicaments non utilisés (MNU) en France." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2P047.
Full textChevallier, Céline. "Valorisation des polymères styréniques issus des déchets d'équipements électroniques et électriques." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00969321.
Full textBonnet, Marie-Claude. "Contribution à l'étude de la valorisation des déchets lignocellulosiques par ozonation." Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT2261.
Full textHubert, Franck. "Valorisation chimique de déchets polyéthylènetéréphtalate en matériaux polyuréthane pour l'isolation thermique." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ECAP0482.
Full textMrad, Nadia. "Valorisation des déchets graisseux de poisson en biocombustible pour moteur diesel." Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT2101.
Full textAs the continuously increasing world's population, has resulted in a huge demand for processed foods which result in a large amount waste from food industries. Although one of the most heavily polluting, the food industry does contribute to the increase in volume of waste fat. The waste fat from food industries is composed of triglycerides and fatty acids. This organic waste can be converted as biofuel by various methods such as biochemical and thermo-chemical process. In the present work, waste fish fat is considered as an energy source for diesel engines. In this regard, catalytic cracking (thermo-chemical) process is considered in the present study. Initially, tests were conducted to optimize the experimental parameters to get high biofuel yield and also to reduce the corrosiveness of the biofuel by reducing its high content of carboxylic acids. The physical and chemical properties of derived biofuel are compared with the European Norms (EN) and American Society for Testing and Materials for diesel (ASTMD) and it is on par with these standards. Finally, experiments were conducted in a stationary ingle cylinder diesel engine to study the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of biofuel. The results show that despite of high NOx and CO2 the engine has lesser UHC, CO and PM and better brake thermal efficiency than standard diesel fuel. The higher emissions of NOx and CO2 can be reduced by blending biofuel with diesel fuel. It is concluded that the biofuel derived from waste fish fat by catalytic cracking process can be considered as an alternative fuel for diesel engines
Chevallier, Céline. "Valorisation des polymères styréniques issus des déchets d’équipements électroniques et électriques." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STET4015/document.
Full textThe aim of this work consists in the recycling of the styrenic polymers coming from waste of electric and electronic equipments. Polystyrene (PS), high impact polystyrene (HIPS), poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) (ABS), its alloy with the polycarbonate (ABS/PC) and poly(styrene-acrylonitrile) (SAN) are considered. A preliminary study permits to choose two blends to study: PS/ABS and PS/PC. In the case of PS/ABS blend, the ionic way of compatibilization was studied. The addition of a copolymer containing an ionic structure and the creation of an ionic network in-situ are investigated. Both these attempts are not conclusive about the improvement of the final properties of the blend. The PS/PC blend is then compatibilized by adding a polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene-butylene)-block-polystyrene grafted polycarbonate. This copolymer is first created in an internal mixer, in order to study different catalysts able to initiate the grafting, and then the reactive extrusion is used to synthesize it on a large scale. Several amounts are introduced in the PS/PC blend and the improvement of the properties and microstructures proves its compatibilizing effect
Delinière, Rémi. "Valorisation de sous-produits calcaires issus de soudières dans les matériaux de génie civil." Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30272.
Full textDali-Braham, Madjid. "Renforcement des sols par des nappes d'éléments souples et discontinus : étude du procédé Plasterre." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10100.
Full textTeglia, Cécile. "Valorisation par compostage de résidus solides de digestion anaérobie des déchets organiques." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1S163.
Full textThe steady increase in waste generation, and awareness of environmental issues associated with waste, led European countries to implement environmental policies in which sustainable waste management is a priority. Biological treatments offer the opportunity to recycle organic wastes by producing an organic soil amendment that can be valued in agriculture. Anaerobic digestion allows also the production of renewable energy as biogas can be valorised into electricity and/or heat. However, its development is influenced by the quality of organic residues (digestates) and the potential harmful environmental impacts of their treatment. Therefore, this PhD work aimed at characterizing different solid digestates and at optimizing their post-treatment through composting in order to assure a reliable and global valorisation of non-hazardous organic wastes. Firstly, characterization results were obtained on several digestion residues and used to investigate their properties in terms of agricultural use and suitability for an aerobic post-treatment. The significant residual biodegradability and the potential phyto-toxicity of these digestates led to consider an aerobic post-treatment through composting in order to achieve the recycling of organic matter as soil amendment. Secondly, the simulation of the composting process at laboratory scale was used to propose an optimization of the management of the composting step, to ensure a final product quality in agreement with an agricultural use and to minimize the environmental impact of the waste treatment
Krausova, Rambure Katerina. "Vers de nouvelles matrices minérales pour l'immobilisation et la valorisation des déchets ultimes de l'incinération des déchets ménagers." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00975213.
Full textKrausova, Rambure Katerina. "Vers de nouvelles matrices minérales pour l’immobilisation et la valorisation des déchets ultimes de l’incinération des déchets ménagers." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1118/document.
Full textThe overall objective of this thesis is to transform ultimate and hazardous waste containing heavy metals, into chemically stable mineral materials. The increasing municipal solid waste (MSW) generation is a problem ranging to global concern. Among various MSW treatment methods, incineration is a technology, which may provide an efficient and environmental friendly solution. Problem of this treatment is the production of fly ash. Fly ash may contain large amounts of toxic metal compounds and is considered as hazardous waste with obligation of final disposal into specialized landfills. Three types of materials for immobilization of lead and cadmium have been investigated: glass ceramics, sintered ceramics and geopolymers. We manage to synthetize a glass-ceramic based purely on the incinerated ashes and to decrease the volatilization during its production. Promising results have been obtained for Ca-Mg-Si-O bearing glass-ceramic with high sustainable incorporation of cadmium into crystalline structures and lead into an amorphous structure. Crystalline structure was evaluated being more resistant against acid attack because of its embedding into a glass matrix that generates a double protection. The future research should be done on possibility obtaining this phase by addition of commercial oxides into fly ash. Sintered ceramic investigated was based on Ba-Mg-Ti-O system. We obtained three mineral phases presented in SYNROC (hollandite, perovskite and rutile) where cadmium substituted the site of magnesium while lead occupied the site belonging to barium. The sintered ceramic is satisfactory in terms of toxic elements incorporation and of chemical and mechanical resistance. For production of resistant geopolymer from fly ashes, it is favorable to use ratio L/S =1.2 and drying at room temperature. It was observed that sintering affects the rate of structural reorganization with apparition of sodalite phase (Na4Si3Al3O12Cl), which consists of tunnels where heavy metals can be incorporated. Lead and cadmium stay mainly below the limit of TCLP standards. The heat treatment over 500°C increases density of the sample. When fly ash mixed with other types of waste such as bottom ash or waste glass powder, it is possible to obtain a more resistant. It was found that all three matrices are a good prospect for a stabilization technique with respect to the major pollutants lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd)
Dào, Phuc Lâm. "Valorisation des laitiers LWS dans les mélanges granulaires." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10053/document.
Full textEnhanced value of the slags (LWS) in the granular mixture
Kuncser, Radu. "Contribution à l'étude de la production et de la combustion en moteur Diesel d'huiles de pyrolyse de déchets thermoplastiques." Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT2090.
Full textThis work provides an experimental investigation in obtaining pyrolysis oil from thermoplastics waste. This oil can be used like liquid fuel for thermal engines or boilers. The investigation was carried on three types of installations, six types of thermoplastics and two types of thermosets, that permitting us to obtain the optimal parameters (temperature, heat rate) for the conversion in condensable products and to establish the proper waste for the energetic valorisation. As the viscosity of some condensable products is higher than the demand for the engine utilisation we evolved a catalytic conversion process. For this we used three types of catalysts. The conclusion of physico-chemical analysis of pyrolysis products (elementary analysis, heating value, water content, ash content, cloud point, flash point, etc…) was that we can use like liquid fuel for thermal engines the liquid fraction from two thermoplastics wastes. The fuels obtained were tests in Diesel engine and the engine performances, also the pollutant emissions were compared with those obtained using gas oil like fuel. In using the obtained liquid fuels we observe higher performances of the engine and lower pollutant emissions
Girods, Pierre. "Procédé multi-étagé de valorisation de déchets bois type panneaux de particules." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10026/document.
Full textWithin the environmental contexts of power generation and waste disposal, the present works deals with the validation and the optimisation of a multistage thermo chemical process of particleboard waste conversion (enhancement). These wastes are mostly associated with urea formaldehyde and melamine formaldehyde resins which contain a huge amount of nitrogen. Nitrogen causes the production of pollutants such as ammonia, isocyanic acid, cyanhydric acid and NOx… during classical thermo chemical process (combustion, pyrolysis and gasification). The process studied aims in a first time to remove nitrogen species from waste to produce a combustible solid and in a second time to convert this residual solid in a combustible gas. The first step consists in a low temperature pyrolysis (250°C to 400°C) during 3 to 15 minutes and assumes to eliminate 70 % of the initial nitrogen content for all studied conditions. The pyrolysis and/or the pyrolysis / gasification under water of the residue are then studied between 800°C and 1000°C. The higher temperature of reaction (1000°C) improves the production of gases and the energy efficiency of this second step and allow the production of hydrogen and carbon monoxide rich gases. The pyrolysis / gasification under water allows a total conversion of the solid which optimises the energy efficiency of the process. However, the pyrolysis under nitrogen produces a lower amount of gases but helps to catch a part of the nitrogen in the residual char. The char then produced is converted through an activation step, in an active char containing nitrogen functionalities with high adsorption capacities, especially for the trapping of phenol or other aromatic compounds in liquid phase. This multistage is thus a interesting way to enhance low cost raw matter like particleboard waste
Boeglin, Nadia. "Valorisation par agglomération de sous-produits de la filière bois : faisabilité technique et approche technico-économique." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10334.
Full textKah, Estelle. "Un problème de préservation de l'environnement en géographie : L'élimination des déchets ménagers et le comportement des usagers : L'exemple du consentement à payer." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STR1GEO9.
Full textPetitclerc, Anne. "Contribution à la valorisation des déchets d'abattoirs au Sénégal par fermentation méthanique." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985ECAP0027.
Full textRiou, Fabienne. "Procédé de traitement des déchets de circuits imprimés : valorisation par dépolymérisation chimique." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ECAP0906.
Full textGourram, Abdelhadi. "Valorisation des boues de stations d'épuration des eaux usées par extraction des métaux lourds et conversion hydrothermale en huile, gaz et combustible solide." Mulhouse, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MULH0376.
Full textBarreteau, Hélène. "Recherche de molécules à activité antimicrobienne dans des coproduits végétaux issus des industries agroalimentaires." Amiens, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AMIE0417.
Full textDebray, Bruno. "Systèmes d'aide à la décision pour le traitement des déchets industriels spéciaux." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00850534.
Full textNouwezem, Mehenou Rufine. "Valorisation de résidus lignocellulosiques : obtention de matériaux thermodurcissables." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT052G.
Full textRemadnia, Abdelghani. "Contribution à la valorisation de déchets protéiniques et d'emballages plastiques dans une matrice cimentaire. Elaboration et caractérisation de matériaux isolants à Haute Qualité Environnementale." Amiens, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AMIE0108.
Full textGervais, Caroline. "Evaluation environnementale des perspectives de valorisation en BTP de scories de première fusion de plomb et de zinc." Lyon, INSA, 1999. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/1999ISAL0036/these.pdf.
Full textThis research is in keeping with the general problematic of environmental assessment of porous materials containing wastes. The case of two primary lead and zinc slags, used as a partial substitute for sand in three materials (concrete, sand-cement and sand-bitumen), was studied. The developed methodology was based on the pre-standard ENV 12-920 and was designed to ensure both waste specific properties and scenario conditions. Within this methodology four steps have to be carried out to determine the leaching behavior of the material in the considered scenario (1) description of the scenario; (2) determination of the influence of fundamental parameters on leaching behavior; (3) description of environmental behavioral models; and, (4) field verification of predicted behavior. The release of lead and zinc from slags contained in the studied materials was strongly dependent on the pH evolution near the interface. The pH evolution near the interface resulted from material-scenario interactions
Baroux, Olivier. "Influence des éléments résiduels contenus dans le zinc affiné, sur les propriétés de surface et la qualité des produits galvanisés." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-467.pdf.
Full textLabbani, Fayçal. "Contribution à l'étude d'un composite cimentaire à base de déchets de caoutchouc : influence des variations de températures sur son comportement mécanique." Amiens, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AMIE0605.
Full textDaudon, Dominique. "Remblais allégés en déchets de matières plastiques : étude du procédé Plastbloc." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10035.
Full textPierre, Christophe. "Etude de systèmes solides multiphasés issus de la valorisation énergétique de déchets urbains." Toulon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUL0011.
Full textL'étude comporte cinq parties : l)La caractérisation des résidus met en évidence l'existence de trois fractions distinctes selon leur solubilité : une fraction composée de chlorures et d'hydroxydes, une autre composée de carbonate et de sulfate de calcium, une autre composée de silice, de silicates et silico-alumînates de calcium, cristallisés et/ou amorphes. 2)Comparaison de quatre échantillons après différents traitements des fumées. Par DRX, le carbonate de calcium est caractérisé. L'analyse des profils de raies de diffraction permet de classer ces résidus en reliant paramètre de distorsion et origine. 3) Analyse par MEB couplée à un analyseur X des échantillons. La morphologie est liée à l'histoire des échantillons. Des réactions solideNsolide et la diffusion d'éléments au sein de grains sont mises en évidence. 4)Etude à l'aide du MET. L'analyseur X couplé à la diffraction électronique permet d'identifier des phases cristallisées ou amorphes à l'échelle nanométrique. Des inclusions de métaux lourds cristallisés au sein de verres a base de silicates sont détectées. 5)La spectroscopie d'impédance complexe (SIC) est utilisée pour caractériser les mobilités ioniques et les réactions chimiques dans ces milieux multiphasés. Les variations de conductïviîé et d'énergie d'activation observées dans des domaines de température sont corrélées aux évolutions thermiques observées en ATD/TG. L'évolution chimique de composites résidus-polymère est étudiée. La SIC met en évidence une fraction critique de résidus au-delà de laquelle des évolutions néfastes sont attendues. La connectivité et la conductiviîé ionique globale du résidu, sensibles au taux d'hydratation, sont déterminées. L'étude de l'hydratation de ces composites montre l'importance de la fraction volumique en résidus pour laquelle il y a « percolation électrique » et amplification de la vitesse d'hydratation. L'élaboration de composites est une technique de stabilisation peu onéreuse et d'intérêt industriel
Bernardeau, Fabien. "Stratégies et scénarii de valorisation de déchets phénoplastes au sein de matrices thermoplastiques." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTS033/document.
Full textThe main goal of this PhD project, born from a partnership between EMA, APR2 and Enedis, was to develop a material recycling solution for phenolic molding compound (PMC, or Bakelite). Indeed, these types of thermoset material are hardly valorized and end up in landfill, mostly because of the lack of technically and economically viable solutions for recycling.Phenolic molding compound material are present in large amount in End of Life (EOL) electrical meter waste stream. Therefore, Enedis committed to find a valorisation scheme for these materials. This PhD work is aimed to develop a recycling process for PMC issued from this waste stream.Firstly, a dismantlement and sorting scheme was designed. It is based on the study of the waste stream material composition – in particular the plastic stream. The presence of regulated substances (such as halogenated flame retardant, etc.) in plastic formulations was assessed. The objective was to optimize the separation process to recover materials with a high degree of purity.The proposed recycling solution consists in using the PMC as a functional filler in a thermoplastic matrix. To do so, a comminution scheme was developed to reduce the size of the PMC part. The particle size distribution, morphology and surface chemistry of the obtained products were characterized. Quasi-static and dynamic mechanical properties of composite materials incorporating micronized PMC were determined. Various coupling schemes were studied in order to increase the adhesion between filler and matrix. The mechanical behaviour of the composite materials was also modelized using finite element methods.The fire behaviour of the composite material incorporating PMC filler was also studied. Because of the high thermal stability and high char yield of phenolic molding compound, its potential use as a carbon donor in intumescent flame retardant formulations was finally assessed
Sens-Zanetto, Christine. "Etude des risques associés à la valorisation des déchets urbains : cas des métaux en trace." Aix-Marseille 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX11029.
Full textPareuil, Priscilla. "Etude du comportement à la lixiviation d’un laitier manganifère issu de la valorisation des piles alcalines & salines." Limoges, 2009. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/74d0ce68-4a2e-4ad9-875b-d5d8161b938d/blobholder:0/2009LIMO4067.pdf.
Full textFerromanganese alloy production from alkaline batteries recycling by pyrometallurgical processes generates coproduct formation including Mn-rich slag. This one can be considered either as a waste (landfill) or as a secondary raw material (road construction, Mn ore …). In both cases, environmental safety has to be investigated because of the potential mobility of their metallic elements (ME) constituents. The aim of this study is to evaluate its behavior when it is submitted to different leaching conditions. The methodology used in this work is based on the hierarchical approach proposed by the European standard procedure EN 12920. Standard leaching tests which present a legal value allowed to place the Mn-rich slag from a regulatory point of view. Nevertheless, understanding leaching mechanisms requires further investigations. Thus, this study considered the influence of operational conditions (i. E. PH, Eh and liquid/solid ratio) on the ME mobility. The combination of these results to solid phases characterization and geochemical modeling (KINDIS(P) code) allowed to evidence that ME mobility was governed by dissolution/precipitation phenomenon, more or less favored by operational conditions. The simulation of environmental conditions in laboratory is difficult, the study of in-situ alteration of the Mn-rich slag was performed and highlighted the influence of the presence of the soil on the ME mobility through the presence of organic matter and colloidal fraction
Chanclou, Geneviève. "Rupture de chaînes polymères par oxydation contrôlée : application au recyclage des déchets élastomères." Le Mans, 2000. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2000/2000LEMA1011.pdf.
Full textDumay, Dominique. "Etude analytique et valorisation des produits lourds issus des traitements du charbon et du pétrole." Metz, 1985. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1985/Dumay.Dominique.SMZ8506.pdf.
Full textAissaoui, Mustapha, and Mustapha Aissaoui. "Valorisation d'un résidu industriel pour la production d'hydrogène par un procédé intensifié de vaporeformage du glycérol." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37365.
Full textLa capture du CO2 est, de nos jours, une opération très convoitée car elle permet de réduire les émissions des gaz à effets de serre. Elle peut également être appliquée dans l’intensification des procédés de vaporeformage par l’utilisation des adsorbants chimiques «haute-température» (vaporeformage couplé avec la capture in-situ du CO2 (sorption-enhanced steam reforming, SESR)), afin d’augmenter significativement la pureté de l’hydrogène en une seule étape. Parmi les adsorbants solides utilisés dans ce procédé, ceux qui sont à base de CaO ont montré une certaine efficacité. Toutefois, l’agglomération des particules de CaO au cours de l’opération cyclique carbonatation/régénération rend leur utilisation à échelle industrielle difficile. L’ajout de composants inertes à l’adsorbant est l’une des stratégies utilisées afin d’augmenter sa stabilité. L’objectif principal de ce travail est la valorisation d’un résidu métallurgique (oxyde d’UGS, UGSO) afin de développer un matériau hybride adsorbant-catalyseur pour application dans la production d’hydrogène de haute pureté par SESR du glycérol. Plusieurs échantillons contenant des proportions différentes UGSO/CaO ont été préparés et testés pour évaluer l'efficacité de l’UGSO dans la stabilisation de l’adsorbant. Les expériences ont été réalisées en utilisant un analyseur gravimétrique intelligent (IGA, Hiden Isochema). Pour tous les échantillons étudiés, une meilleure stabilité a été enregistrée lors de l’ajout de l’UGSO. Les résultats ont montré que l’échantillon contenant 10% en masse UGSO a présenté la meilleure stabilité avec une conversion de CaO de 76% au 18ème cycle carbonatation/régénération, contre une conversion de 55% pour l’échantillon CaO pur testé dans les mêmes conditions. Ce meilleur rapport UGSO/CaO a été ensuite utilisé pour préparer un matériau hybride adsorbant-catalyseur et ses performances ont été testées dans le procédé SESR du glycérol. Les résultats ont montré une production d’hydrogène de pureté élevée avec un rendementde 96%. Les résultats obtenus dans ce mémoire peuvent contribuer à l’optimisation du procédé de vaporeformage du glycérol couplé à l’adsorption in-situ duCO2.
Résumé en espagnol
Résumé en espagnol
CO2 capture is, nowadays, a widely discussed subject as it helps reducing the greenhouse gas emissions. It can also intensify steam reforming processes through the use of high-temperature sorbents, in order to produce high purity hydrogen in a single step (sorption-enhanced steam reforming, SESR). Among the solid sorbents used in this process, those based on CaO have shown good results. However, the agglomeration of sorbent particles (sintering) during the cyclic operation carbonation/regeneration makes their use difficult at an industrial scale. The addition of inert compounds to the sorbent is one of the strategies used to increase its stability. The main objective of this work is the valorization of a metallurgical waste called UGS oxide (UGSO), in order to develop a hybrid sorbent-catalyst material for application in the production of hydrogen with high purity by SESR of glycerol. Several samples with different UGSO/CaO ratios were synthesized and tested to evaluate the efficiency of UGSO in thesorbent stabilization. The experiments were performed using an intelligent gravimetric analyzer (IGA, Hiden Isochema). For all samples, a better stability was obtained in the presence of UGSO. The results showed that the sorbent containing 10 wt.% UGSO achieved the best stability with a CaO conversion of 76% at the 18th carbonation/regeneration cycle compared to 55% for pure CaO (limestone) tested under the same conditions. This optimal UGSO/CaO ratio was then used to prepare a hybrid sorbent-catalyst material and its performance was tested in the SESR of glycerol. The results showed the production of hydrogen with high purity (97%) and yield (96%). The results obtained in this master thesis can contribute to the optimization of the sorption enhanced steam glycerol reforming process.
CO2 capture is, nowadays, a widely discussed subject as it helps reducing the greenhouse gas emissions. It can also intensify steam reforming processes through the use of high-temperature sorbents, in order to produce high purity hydrogen in a single step (sorption-enhanced steam reforming, SESR). Among the solid sorbents used in this process, those based on CaO have shown good results. However, the agglomeration of sorbent particles (sintering) during the cyclic operation carbonation/regeneration makes their use difficult at an industrial scale. The addition of inert compounds to the sorbent is one of the strategies used to increase its stability. The main objective of this work is the valorization of a metallurgical waste called UGS oxide (UGSO), in order to develop a hybrid sorbent-catalyst material for application in the production of hydrogen with high purity by SESR of glycerol. Several samples with different UGSO/CaO ratios were synthesized and tested to evaluate the efficiency of UGSO in thesorbent stabilization. The experiments were performed using an intelligent gravimetric analyzer (IGA, Hiden Isochema). For all samples, a better stability was obtained in the presence of UGSO. The results showed that the sorbent containing 10 wt.% UGSO achieved the best stability with a CaO conversion of 76% at the 18th carbonation/regeneration cycle compared to 55% for pure CaO (limestone) tested under the same conditions. This optimal UGSO/CaO ratio was then used to prepare a hybrid sorbent-catalyst material and its performance was tested in the SESR of glycerol. The results showed the production of hydrogen with high purity (97%) and yield (96%). The results obtained in this master thesis can contribute to the optimization of the sorption enhanced steam glycerol reforming process.
Clapperton, Anthony. "Valorisation de l'apatite des résidus de la mine Niobec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35875.
Full textNiobec Mine produces ferroniobium from a pyrochlore rich carbonatite deposit. The gangue associated to the ore has an average concentration of 6. 8 % apatite (3. 5 % P2O5). The objective of the study is the evaluation of the economic potential of the valorization of the apatite in the tailings of Mine Niobec. Apatite is the main source of phosphorous for the production of fertilizers. Savard (1981) and Dramou (2016) have completed exploratory laboratory test work on the recovery of apatite from Niobec’s tailings. Their work, in agreement with the literature, demonstrated the difficulty of obtaining a sellable apatite concentrate because of the presence of carbonated minerals with a high proportion of magnesium. The study presented in this thesis includes, laboratory tests to characterize the tailings and evaluate the performances of different methods in regard of the production of a sellable phosphate concentrate. A preconcentration consisting of a size based separation is used to separate the coarser fraction of the residuals from the plant tailings of the Niobec. Indeed, the characterization study having shown that the concentration of apatite is higher in the coarser fractions. Froth flotation tests showed that reverse flotation at acid pH allows the separation of apatite from carbonated gangue with an outstanding selectivity. However, the produced concentrated did not yet meet the required composition of a sellable apatite concentrate. To rectify the composition, calcination and lixiviation tests were carried out. Lixiviation under controlled pH allowed a selective dissolution of residual dolomite from prior process of classification and flotation. This experimental approach developed in this thesis consists of three steps to produce marketable apatite concentrate, i. e. desliming, reverse flotation and lixiviation. An economic evaluation revealed that the beneficiation of the apatite from Niobec mine’s tailings has the potential to generate positive cash flow.
Raharinjanahary-Chevillard, Rindra. "Les déchets à Antananarivo : étude géographique." Perpignan, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PERP0718.
Full textCities in eveloping countries are facing the issue of rubbish acumulation in urban areas. This due to lack of good collecting organization. In addition, the application of the rubbish dump which is the only proposed way of eliminating trash still remains a short term solution to the problem. Based on the case of the city of antananarivo, our ypothesis lies on the idea that the promotion of material constitutes an appropriate means to treat waste. The qualitative and quantitatie studies concerning rubbish production in the city allows us to state that the inhabitants of antananarivo produce a more or less low quantity of biodegradable wase purchase vital and households keep and reuse plastic package. Despite this, rubbish is still accumulating in cities as, on one hand they lack or have inefficient technical and financial collecting system? and on the other had because of their practices and how the population of antananarivo perceives garbage. We observed that the promotion of material generates revenues and is considered as important by a large part of people living i antaanarivo and particularly poor households (0,7% of the urban workers). In spite of social phenomenon such as exclusion and exploitation? this activity allows those who pratice it to have honest job and it creates a social connection. We suggest that this discipline be organized and well organized in order to improve his actor’s conditions and the piling up of rubbish in cities of developing countries
Rakotondramanitra, Jean-Désiré. "Renforcement des sols par nappes de déchets de matières plastiques." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO10103.
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