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Journal articles on the topic 'Decision making – European Union countries'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 19 July 2025

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1

Sako, Marsela. "Youth Engagement in Decision-Making: European Approaches to Inclusive Participation and Albanian Perspective." Proceedings of The World Conference on Social Sciences 2, no. 1 (2023): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/worldcss.v2i1.97.

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Integration in the European Union remains one of the key objectives of the Western Balkans countries. The institutions of the European Union are giving greater importance to the opportunities for greater involvement of young people in democratic life, influencing the strengthening of the sense of citizenship for the countries that are part of the European Union and, on the other hand, to develop a European perspective for countries that aspire to become part of the union. In this paper we explore the perceptions of young people in Albania, aged 18-31, regarding their engagement in democratic l

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Michalopoulos, Evangelos, Andreas Georgiou, and Konstantinos Paparrizos. "Risk-based decision making and risk management of European Union regional programs." Yugoslav Journal of Operations Research 18, no. 1 (2008): 75–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/yjor0801075m.

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This paper presents a generalized method for management decision making incorporating risk assessment techniques. The risk based decision making methodology is applied to European Union expenditure programs used to implement its regional policy, such as the community support framework, community initiatives, special initiatives and other European policies. An example is presented for the development of an audit (inspection) program in the region of West Macedonia, Greece, during the implementation of the 3rd Community Structural Support Framework Operational Program. The generic nature of the

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Rutkauskas, Virgilijus. "Factors Behind Weak Tax Morale: the Case of European Union Countries." Ekonomika 95, no. 3 (2017): 7–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/ekon.2016.3.10325.

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The purpose of the article is to analyse factors influencing the behaviour and decision-making of local tourists in choosing Azerbaijan as a destination. The main attributes, elements and types of tourism destinations are analysed. The understanding of consumer behaviour is defined and the peculiarities of decision-making process are presented. The main internal and external factors influencing tourist’s behaviour and decision-making are summarised. The current situation of tourism in Azerbaijan is examined. The analysis of social, cultural, personal and psychological factors influencing the d

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Sadiku, Blerina. "The Role of Experts in Governance: The Case of Albania in the Context of European Integration." Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development 11, no. 1 S1 (2024): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv11n1s120.

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The role of experts in governance might strengthen democratic principles as it might risk them as well. However, in the complexity of the nowadays world, taking the right decisions has become complicated. Therefore, there is the need for experts to take decisions in different fields of decision-making. In the context of governance in the public sphere, apart from the experts’ decision-making, it is imperative to uphold democratic principles that ensure a fair representation of the minorities, to safeguard against any adverse impact resulting from experts’ advice or decisions on certain issues.

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Alferova, Elena. "ALGORITHMIZED DECISION-MAKING AND THE RIGHT TO INTERPRET IT." Pravovedenie IAZH, no. 1 (2021): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/rgpravo/2021.01.05.

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The problems of legality and transparency of decisions made using artificial intelligence, the implementation of the right to interpret them and challenge them in courts are considered. The article analyzes the legislation of the European Union and a number of developed countries that allows for the adoption of algorithmic decisions and provides for appropriate measures to protect the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of the data subject.

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Zlat, Milovanovic. "Balkans in the European Union." AICEI Proceedings 13, no. 1 (2018): 63–71. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4553896.

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In 2003, in Salonica, Balkan countries were told that “their future lies in the EU”. The Berlin process in 2014 provided a framework for a period of four years. In 2017, President Juncker, speaking of all non-EU Balkan countries except Turkey, estimated the first accessions would potentially take place in 2025! The Berlin process seeks to restore stability in the Balkans by leading to reconciliation. It includes new fact-finding commissions to establish the real facts in order to restore friendly relations, efforts to build economic links in transport and communication and new road

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Puspitaningrum, Dinda, and Yuniarti Yuniarti. "Faktor-Faktor di Balik Penangguhan Aksesi Kosovo ke Uni Eropa: Perspektif Keputusan Kolektif." Transformasi Global 11, no. 2 (2024): 170–84. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtg.011.02.4.

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The opportunity for membership expansion and the economic and political integration that was offered by the EU, Kosovo decided to join the EU. However, Kosovo's integration process into the European Union is still suspended due to several factors. Therefore, this research aims to explain the reason of the European Union has suspended Kosovo's membership application. This research uses an explanatory method with primary and secondary data. The data analysis technique used in this research is qualitative. This research uses the Decision-Making theory of Richard C. Snyder, H. W. Bruck and Burton

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O. М., Stoyko. "Institualization of referendum in EU countries." Yearly journal of scientific articles “Pravova derzhava”, no. 31 (2020): 445–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/0869-2491-2020-31-445-452.

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The evolution of the referendum institutionalization in the constitutions of the EU states is considered. The peculiarities of its initiation, realization and implementation of results in the "old" and "new" members of the Union are highlighted and analyzed. It is concluded that young democracies are pioneering in using this tool of direct democracy both to legitimize government decisions and to involve citizens in the decision-making process. The history of the introduction of plebiscites into the practice of political processes in European countries shows, that they are closely linked to dem

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González Begega, Sergio, Holm-Detlev Köhler, and Mona Aranea. "Contested industrial democracy discourses in transnational companies. The case of the ArcelorMittal European Social Dialogue Group." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 24, no. 4 (2018): 451–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1024258918775838.

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This article discusses the potential of European transnational company agreements for developing industrial democracy at European company level. It describes the experience of the ArcelorMittal European Social Dialogue Group, established in 2009 through a European transnational company agreement as an innovative channel for trade union involvement in corporate decision-making. The conceptual framework draws on a cross-national comparison of industrial democracy discourses in two European countries, Germany and Spain. A qualitative approach based on semi-structured interviews with trade union r

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Pau, Claudia, Mihaela Martin, and Răzvan Văduva. "Open Government: EU Countries’ Experiences and Strategies for Involving Citizens in Decision-Making Process." Robotica & Management 29, no. 1 (2024): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/rm.2024.1.11.

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Applying the principles of open government and administrative transparency in the Member States of the European Union is of significant importance, as they are fundamental to ensuring democratic and inclusive decision-making process. Government transparency is essential for fighting corruption, strengthening the rule of law and promoting accountability and integrity in public administration.

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Kaveshnikov, N., and A. Domanov. "Factors Behind Legislative Duration in the European Union." International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy 20, no. 1 (2022): 80–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.17994/it.2022.20.1.68.3.

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This article investigates the impact of various institutional factors on the duration of legislative process negotiations in the European Union. The empirical data consists of EU secondary law directives adopted in 1990-2019 (1124 directives). We use the methodology of survival analysis (Cox model). We detected that after 2004 the rules of voting in the Council (unanimity or qualified majority) do not affect the duration of the legislative process; this conclusion changes the traditional vision of the functioning of the Council. We prove that of all the EU enlargements, only that of 1995 has i

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Innocenthia, Adieuva, Yosinta Margaretha, Febri One, Junita Christine, and Agnes Magdalena. "THE EUROPEAN UNION, CHINA AND SOLAR PANEL." Sociae Polites 21, no. 1 (2020): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33541/sp.v21i1.1585.

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The European Union and China are the two countries that have advantages in each of them. The European Union and China have a dispute regarding renewable energies, namely the problem with solar panels. China's policy of making solar panels prices have low bargaining power makes the European Union unable to accept the policy because it can cause a long trade conflict. The case study in this paper also illustrates that the EU is actively approaching it to overcome environmental challenges in China by involving the European Union in dialogue and negotiation on various issues and providing capacity

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Lukić, Radojko. "Analysis of Research and Development Performance Indicators of the European Union and Serbia." European Project Management Journal 13, no. 2 (2023): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.56889/ryju6757.

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The aim of this article is to review the position of certain countries of the European Union (EU) and Serbia with regard to the development of research and development activities in the function of strengthening in the future by applying relevant measures. The research of the treated problem in this paper is based on the application of the modern multi-criteria decision-making method known as the LMAW-DNMA method. Research on the performance indicators of research and development of the countries of the European Union and Serbia using the LMAW-DNMA method showed that the top five countries of

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Slavinskaite, Neringa. "Fiscal decentralization in Central and Eastern Europe." Global Journal of Business, Economics and Management: Current Issues 7, no. 1 (2017): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjbem.v7i1.1236.

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The paper analyses the level of fiscal decentralization (FD) in selected countries of European Union for 2014 year. The empirical analysis was based on the method of multicriteria decision-making. Method of Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) was used as framework for the analysis. In order to evaluate the different level of fiscal decentralization, the same analysis was applied to subsets of countries categorized into two groups - Central and Eastern Countries. The empirical results show that developed countries of European Union has higher degree of fiscal decentralization than countries of East

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Jensen, Mads Dagnis, and Dorte Martinsen. "Out of Time? National Parliaments and Early Decision-Making in the European Union." Government and Opposition 50, no. 2 (2014): 240–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gov.2014.20.

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Co-decisions between the Council of Ministers and the European Parliament are increasingly adopted as early agreements. Recent EU studies have pinpointed how this informal turn in EU governance has altered the existing balance of power between EU actors and within EU institutions. However, the implications of accelerated EU decision-making are expected to have repercussions beyond the EU system and in other institutions impinging on the role of national parliaments. This study examines the implications of an alteration of EU political time on national parliaments’ ability to scrutinize their e

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Dąbroś, Wojciech, and Janusz Kudła. "The voting of EU members for common consolidated corporate tax base and the tax benefits." Central European Economic Journal 7, no. 54 (2020): 56–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ceej-2020-0005.

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AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between the voting behaviour of European Parliament members on the Common Consolidated Corporate Tax Base (CCCTB) proposal and economic characteristics of their respective countries. We are concerned about the political and economy factors behind policy and decision making of CCCTB in European Parliament. The analysis is conducted with Logit model identifying factors affecting the voting consultation decision of the Parliament of the European Union in 2018. Particularly, we investigate the impact of four components taken from tax benefit index propo

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Nedergaard, Peter, Maja Friis, and Mads Dagnis Jensen. "Decision-making processes during EU presidencies." Politica 52, no. 2 (2020): 205–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/politica.v52i2.130810.

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This article analyses governmental decision-making processes during presidencies of the European Union (EU) from the outset of the planning to the end of the evaluation of the concluded presidency. The Polish, Danish and Cypriot presidencies in the Trio of 2011-2012 are compared by applying a Most Different Systems Design. The three presidencies represent member states that differ in political, administrative and geographical terms. In spite of these differences, considerable similarities can also be traced between the countries in terms of how they handled the presidency, especially how civil

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18

Bronckers, Marco, and Yves Van Gerven. "Legal Remedies Under the EC’s New Chemicals Legislation REACH: Testing a New Model of European Governance." Common Market Law Review 46, Issue 6 (2009): 1823–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/cola2009075.

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The REACH legislation constitutes a milestone for the European Union. It sets new standards for environmental law, which are becoming the benchmark for many countries and companies around the world. This new chemicals legislation also introduces institutional novelties at the European level. An independent European agency with decision-making powers has been created to administer this complex and highly technical legislation. Nevertheless, the European Commission and the Member States have maintained direct influence over the agency’s work, and participate in various roles in the implementatio

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19

Grabevnik, M. V. "REGIONALIST LOBBYISM IN EUROPEAN UNION INSTITUTION." Вестник Пермского университета. Политология 15, no. 4 (2021): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2218-1067-2021-4-63-74.

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The research subject is the representation of regionalist lobbying organizations in the European Union institutions. Based on the analysis of the Transparency Register Data author characterizes the structure of regionalist lobby in the institutions of the European Union. The analysis demonstrates that the regional and municipal authorities of European countries, with their formal status as lobbying groups in the institutions of the European Union, actually remain incapable of influencing the political decision-making process at the supranational level, while the dominant position among the reg

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Tumalavičius, Vladas, and Anatolijs Kriviņš. "SOME ASPECTS OF ACTIONS TO RESPONSE TO EXTERNAL SECURITY THREATS AND CRISES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION." Sociālo Zinātņu Vēstnesis=Social Sciences Bulletin 38, no. 1 (2024): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.9770/szv.2024.1(6).

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The European Union is taking action in various areas of security to improve its ability to respond to crises and increase its resilience to future challenges, so this article examines the evolution of crisis response actions of the European Union countries in the face of challenges and threats in a rapidly changing geopolitical environment in relation to European security. This, in turn, is reflected in the speed of decision-making by the competent associations of the European Union regarding legal regulation that corresponds to the current situation. The authors identify and analyze the main

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Ardielli, Eva. "Usage of ICT in EU Culture Sector as a Tool of Cultural Participation." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Knowledge 5, no. 2 (2017): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijek-2017-0009.

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Abstract Culture is not only an inherent part of human life but it also creates the potential for economic growth, employment and innovation. For this reason, the European Union considers the development of culture sector and Cultural and creative industries as very important. Nowadays the culture sector is confronted with the penetration of Information and communication technologies. The widespread use of Internet and Information and communication technologies implies more participatory behaviours on the side of users, who are increasingly involved in cultural activities electronically. The p

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Ardielli, Eva. "Use of TOPSIS Method for Assessing of Good Governance in European Union Countries." Review of Economic Perspectives 19, no. 3 (2019): 211–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/revecp-2019-0012.

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Abstract Good Governance presents the contemporary trend of managing public affairs worldwide. This concept is promoting the basic elements of subsidiarity, participation, and democracy in modern public administration. Presented article is focused on the evaluation of Good Governance development in the European Union countries in the long-term, in the period 2007–2017. The evaluation is based on the application of multiple criteria decision-making methods, concrete The Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution. The original data used in the research were the values of Worl

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Dubel, Przemysław, and Julita Majczyk. "European Union Funds – Application Perspective." Studia Europejskie – Studies in European Affairs 28, no. 1 (2024): 7–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33067/se.1.2024.1.

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The result of an effective management of the redistribution of European Union funds should be a reduction of disparities between EU regions by guaranteeing their comprehensive and harmonious development and supporting the economic and social cohesion of member countries. A poorly-conducted programming process of ﬁnancial interventionism, the source of which is EU funds, may result in divergence between regions, the direct effect of which would be their social and economic marginalisation. For this reason, it is important to skillfully manage those funds. The main aim of this article is to pres

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Spahiu, Irma. "Government Transparency in Albania and the Role of the European Union." European Public Law 21, Issue 1 (2015): 109–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/euro2015006.

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The recognition of transparency as an essential element of good governance is very important for new democracies because it leads to greater public support for their governments' economic and political decisions. This has been clearly understood by the countries in the Western Balkans which following the fall of communism entered a path of rapid democratization struggling to be opened and transparent. This paper explores transparency and open government in Albania looking at how the Albanian legal administrative framework and practices guarantee the principle of transparency in decision-making

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Iryna, Grushko. "The concept of security in the integration processes of the European union countries." Political Science and Security Studies Journal 2, no. 2 (2021): 18–24. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4904574.

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The study provides the analysis of theoretical approaches to the concept of security in the European Union integration processes. Methodological bases for development of the concept of security of the European Union integration processes based on two paradigms of activity are offered. The first one provides institutional and financial autonomy in defense and peacekeeping; the second one involves the delegation of most security powers and the collective security of the Commonwealth. The main stages of building the European security and defense policy in the context of new threats to regional an

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ALTINTAŞ, Furkan Fahri. "Avrupa Birliği Ülkelerinin Sağlık Güvenliği Performanslarının Ölçülmesi: MAIRCA Yöntemi ile Bir Uygulama." Gevher Nesibe Journal IESDR 6, no. 13 (2021): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.46648/gnj.241.

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By analyzing their own and each other's health security performance, countries can develop strategies and methods to increase their health security performance. Therefore, it is important to provide the said performance measurement in order to raise awareness of the health security performance of the countries. In this context, the health security performances of the European Union countries were measured by the MAIRCA method over the values of the Global Health Security Index (GHSI) components for the latest and current 2019. In the research, the relationships were calculated between the heal

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Naeem, Allah Rakha. "HOW THE EU CREATES LAWS." EURASIAN JOURNAL OF LAW, FINANCE AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2, no. 6 (2022): 4–9. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6615907.

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The European Union (EU) is a political and economic organization established in 1992 by the Maastricht Treaty. It includes 27 member states that have come together to strengthen the development of common interests. The EU provides its member states with an institutional framework for making laws, identifying areas of policy, negotiating, and setting political priorities. EU member states have unanimously agreed not only to adopt legislation enacted by EU institutions but also to override national laws. The main decision-making organs of the EU are the Council of the European Union, the Europea

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Labella, Álvaro, Juan Carlos Rodríguez-Cohard, José Domingo Sánchez-Martínez, and Luis Martínez. "An AHPSort II Based Analysis of the Inequality Reduction within European Union." Mathematics 8, no. 4 (2020): 646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8040646.

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Nowadays, sustainability is an omnipresent concept in our society, which encompasses several challenges related to poverty, inequality, climate change and so on. The United Nations adopted the Agenda 2030, a plan of action formed of universal Sustainable Developments Goals (SDGs) and targets, which countries have to face in order to shift the world toward a sustainable future. One of the most relevant SDGs since the onset of the financial crisis in 2007 has been the so-called reduced inequalities, which consists of dealing with the inequality of opportunities and wealth between and within coun

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Gulácsi, László, Gábor Vas, István Pintér, and Ildikó Kriszbacher. "Colorectal cancer screening policy in Hungary." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 25, no. 01 (2009): 109–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462309091028.

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We read with great interest the excellent paper of Gutiérrez-Ibarluzea et al. on the review of current policies of screening for colorectal cancer in European countries (12).Colorectal cancer screening has been a hot topic in health technology assessment and medical decision making (13;15;18). The study by Gutiérrez-Ibarluzea and colleagues focused mainly on the “old” fifteen member states of the European Union; however, colorectal cancer represents a large epidemiological (3;11) and economic (4) burden for the society and the healthcare financing agency in Eastern European countries. We would

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Voegeli, Guillaume, Ludovic Gaudard, Franco Romerio, and Werner Hediger. "Framework for Decision-Making Process in Granting Rights to Use Hydropower in the European Context." Water 10, no. 7 (2018): 930. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10070930.

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The European electricity landscape is facing an ambivalent situation between: (1) common market platforms; and (2) national and subnational jurisdictions, which impose their specific rules on energy sectors. This particularly affects hydropower, as the latter faces inequalities in the procedures needed for the attribution of water rights. Besides jurisdictional disparities, the European Union requires this attribution to follow competitive processes and the integration of sustainable development goals for energy projects, while other countries connected to the European grid such as Switzerland

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Ruzin, Aleksandar. "THE EUROPEAN UNION FORUM FOR ECONOMIC LOBBYING." KNOWLEDGE - International Journal 58, no. 1 (2023): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij5801199r.

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In Europe with the exception of Germany, European countries only began experimenting with lobbying tools after 2005, to the effect that currently some form of lobby registration is required in 12 European Union (EU) member states. The current system dubbed symbolically the Transparency Register (TR) that was launched in 2011 through an interinstitutional agreement (IIA) and is jointly managed by the European Commission (EC) and the European Parliament (EP). The TR is the successor of schemes that had previously been run separately by the two institutions, namely the quasi‐accreditation system

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Polyachenkov, Anton. "Migration flows from African countries to Germany: a view of think tanks." Pskov Journal of Regional Studies, no. 4 (2022): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.37490/s221979310021406-9.

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The article touches upon the issue of illegal migration from sub-Saharan Africa to Germany and other countries of the European Union, as well as the role of German think tanks in solving this issue. A brief description of the history of the development of the migration policy of the European Union, as well as the difficulties that had to be faced, is given. Attempts to solve these problems and the dangers of ignoring them are described. Using the example of the activities of four significant German think tanks, the article traces the evolution of expertise on this issue. It is noted that exper

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Guo, Zihan. "The Divergence in Economic Policy Preferences: How North-South Divides Challenge European Integration." Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 70, no. 1 (2024): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/70/20241048.

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Abstract: This study aims to analyze the economic policy differences between Northern and Southern European countries in the process of European integration, particularly focusing on fiscal policies and austerity measures during the European debt crisis. Northern European countries are generally characterized by high welfare, high taxation, and strict fiscal discipline, whereas Southern European countries face challenges such as unequal welfare systems and weak industrial bases. These differences stem from historical, cultural, and economic structural factors, which became especially pronounce

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Tánczos, Mariann. "The EU’s Answer to the Migration Crisis." Európai Tükör 27, no. 1 (2024): 107–25. https://doi.org/10.32559/et.2024.1.6.

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Over the past decades, the Member States of the European Union have increasingly become migration destination countries. This trend was reinforced by the migration and refugee crisis of 2015–16, which forced the European Community to reform its migration policy. However, reforming this policy area of shared competence has been more challenging than expected. The Council of the European Union adopted the New Pact on Migration and Asylum in May 2024. However, this act was a long time in the making and the undertaking is far from complete. This study, based on a literature review and document ana

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Karsak, E. Ertugrul, and Ece Ucar. "Education policy assessment of countries using an integrated decision-making approach." e-mentor 107, no. 5 (2024): 20–28. https://doi.org/10.15219/em107.1681.

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<p>As governments strive to provide flawless and unbiased education to students while using resources in an efficient and sustainable manner, assessing countries' educational performance has become a prevailing topic, and the rising relevance of achieving this aim encourages the use of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) tools. This article presents an integrated approach using the Evaluation Based on Distance from Average Solution (EDAS) method in combination with the Best-Worst Method (BWM) to compare the educational performance in European Union member states. The performance assess

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Lopandic, Dusko. "Small and medium size states in international relations and in European Union." Medjunarodni problemi 62, no. 1 (2010): 79–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp1001079l.

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The position of small and medium size countries in international context has been studied. The main criteria of power in international relation is still the military and economic force, despite the fact that the size and resources of a country is not equivalent to its actual international influence. With the imposition of Vilsonian principles and with the creation of UN, the position of small and medium size countries has been somehow improved. It becomes even more favorable in the context of a well defined State coalition, which provides with some additional instruments of power. The European

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Sicakkan, Hakan G. "Political Asylum and Sovereignty-Sharing in Europe." Government and Opposition 43, no. 2 (2008): 206–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.2007.00253.x.

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AbstractIn focusing on the relationships between asylum recognition rates and the different institutional arrangements through which European states share or preserve their sovereignty, this article seeks to show how sovereignty-sharing affects the right to political asylum in practice. After a qualitative overview of variations in sovereignty-sharing forms, the article presents the results from a multiple regression analysis of the relationship between legal and institutional frames of asylum decision-making in 17 West European countries (EU-15, Norway and Switzerland) and the asylum recognit

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CHERKASOV, ALEXANDER I. "MULTI–LEVEL GOVERNANCE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: FEATURES AND PERSPECTIVES." Proceedings of the Institute of State and Law of the RAS 14, no. 5 (2019): 196–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.35427/2073-4522-2019-14-5-cherkasov.

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The system of multi-level governance is being established in the countries — members of the European Union, within the framework of which there is considerable redistribution of authority between the main levels of power. These levels — supranational, national and subnational — are becoming increasingly interdependent, and there is the lack of unambiguous domination of a single particular level of power or an institute.The decision-making mechanism within the multi-level governance system is sufficiently fragmented. It is consensus — based and involves participation of not only formal state in

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Łukaszewski, Marcin. "Parliament–government–citizens. The place of the institution of direct democracy in the discussion on the shape of San Marino-European Union relations in the context of the referendum of 2013." Przegląd Politologiczny, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pp.2021.26.4.6.

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The subject of the article is the issue of using the institutions of direct democracy in the process of shaping the directions of a very specific element of foreign policy – relations with the European Union, of which San Marino is not a member. While most of the referenda related to the European Union concern the accession of countries to this organization, the vote in 2013 was of a slightly different nature. Therefore, the author attempts to indicate how the use of the instruments of direct democracy by citizens, in a way in opposition to the institution of indirect democracy (parliament and

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Beklaryan, Gayane. "Agent-based model of migration to European Union countries with taking into account individual decision-making system." Artificial societies 14, no. 2 (2019): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207751800005804-3.

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Musiał-Karg, Magdalena, and Elżbieta Lesiewicz. "Brytyjskie i greckie referenda a groźba Brexitu i Grexitu." Przegląd Europejski, no. 3-2015 (January 31, 2016): 110–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/1641-2478pe.3.15.6.

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The people’s participation in decision-making process is a significant part of Europe’s and the European Union’s history. The institution of referendum plays important role in this context. The main aim of this article is to answer the question of how and in what circumstances referenda are used to decide on a possible resignation from the membership in the European Union (as in the case of the UK referendum) or indirectly – a possible exit from the euro zone (as in the case of the Greek vote on the adoption of financial bailout). An important task in this context is to consider the consequenc

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Bărbuță-Mișu, Nicoleta, and Mara Madaleno. "Assessment of Bankruptcy Risk of Large Companies: European Countries Evolution Analysis." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 13, no. 3 (2020): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm13030058.

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Assessment and estimation of bankruptcy risk is important for managers in decision making for improving a firm’s financial performance, but also important for investors that consider it prior to making investment decision in equity or bonds, creditors and company itself. The aim of this paper is to improve the knowledge of bankruptcy prediction of companies and to analyse the predictive capacity of factor analysis using as basis the discriminant analysis and the following five models for assessing bankruptcy risk: Altman, Conan and Holder, Tafler, Springate and Zmijewski. Stata software was us

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Makarenko, Elena N., Sergey G. Tyaglov, and Anastasia V. Sheveleva. "Involvement in the Economic Circulation of Production Waste: Russian and European Experience." REGIONOLOGY 31, no. 2 (2023): 313–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2413-1407.123.031.202302.313-334.

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Introduction. The involvement in the economic circulation of production waste is one of the priority objects within which sustainable development is implemented. The purpose of the article is to explore the issues of waste generation and directions for their use in statistical, legal, strategic and economic contexts, to compare approaches to the involvement of waste in economic circulation in Russia and the European Union countries. Materials and Methods. The study used data from the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation and the Statistical Service of the European Union. U

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Finke, Daniel, and Stefanie Bailer. "Crisis bargaining in the European Union: Formal rules or market pressure?" European Union Politics 20, no. 1 (2018): 109–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1465116518814949.

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To what extent did the European Monetary Union crisis alter the logic of European Union decision making? We analyze the relevance of asymmetric market pressures as compared to that of formal voting and agenda setting rules by applying three established bargaining models to the ‘EMU Positions’ data. Accounting for the interdependence between issues and agreements, we locate actors’ positions on three reform dimensions, namely the level of fiscal discipline, transfer payments and institutionalization. We find that market pressure during the height of the Eurozone crisis was particularly relevant

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Siksnelyte, Indre, and Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas. "Achievements of the European Union Countries in Seeking a Sustainable Electricity Sector." Energies 12, no. 12 (2019): 2254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12122254.

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The electricity production sector has a significant share of final energy consumption and has a huge potential to use more renewable energy sources. Over the last two decades, the European Union (EU) reform of electricity markets has had positive results, and market liberalization acts as a stimulus for energy efficiency, lower prices, and technological progress. Today’s EU policy for the development of electricity and the entire energy sector seeks to provide system modernization, stability, reinforcement of the single market, and implementation of climate change policy with an emphasis on th

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Cuttini, Marina, and The EURONIC Study Group. "The European Union Collaborative Project on Ethical Decision Making in Neonatal Intensive Care (EURONIC): Findings from 11 Countries." Journal of Clinical Ethics 12, no. 3 (2001): 290–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/jce200112313.

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Rodríguez-Santero, Javier, and Javier Gil-Flores. "Contextual variables associated with differences in educational performance between European Union countries / Variables contextuales asociadas a las diferencias de rendimiento educativo entre los países de la Unión Europea." Culture and Education: Cultura y Educación 30, no. 4 (2018): 605–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11356405.2018.1522024.

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Extensive literature exists which shows the relation between academic performance and other variables of a contextual nature. A secondary analysis of the results corresponding to performance in PISA 2015 has enabled us to classify European Union countries into two different levels. The degree of relation between performance and contextual variables such as socioeconomic level, schooling indicators, resources allocated to education and organizational culture and school governance has also been studied at a national level. Subsequently, after selecting the variables that correlate the most with

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ARTS, JOS, HENS A. C. RUNHAAR, THOMAS B. FISCHER, et al. "THE EFFECTIVENESS OF EIA AS AN INSTRUMENT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE: REFLECTING ON 25 YEARS OF EIA PRACTICE IN THE NETHERLANDS AND THE UK." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 14, no. 04 (2012): 1250025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333212500251.

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The European Union (EU) Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Directive which was introduced some 25 years ago has had a major impact on decision-making practices in EU member states. In the professional literature, this impact has mostly been discussed under the heading of "effectiveness", with an emphasis being given in particular to procedural elements. The extent to which EIA has contributed to objectives, such as raising environmental awareness and leading to an incorporation of environmental values in decision-making has only been rarely investigated. This paper reflects on these latter

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Crowe, Christopher, and Ellen E. Meade. "The Evolution of Central Bank Governance around the World." Journal of Economic Perspectives 21, no. 4 (2007): 69–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.21.4.69.

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The past two decades have seen enormous changes in central banks and their practices. In some countries, older institutions have been fundamentally restructured. In other, such as the countries of the former Soviet Union, entirely new central banks have been established. The member countries of the European Union have created a supranational central bank that oversees a monetary union. In all of these situations, central bank law was either revised or written de novo, while institutional objectives, practices, and structures were amended or created from scratch. In this article, we survey and

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Souliotis, Kyriakos, Lily-Evangelia Peppou, Chara Tzavara, et al. "Cancer patients’ organisation participation in heath policy decision-making: a snapshot/cluster analysis of the EU-28 countries." BMJ Open 8, no. 8 (2018): e018896. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018896.

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ObjectivesEven though patient involvement in health policy decision-making is well documented, studies evaluating the degree and impact of this participation are scarce. This is even more conspicuous in the case of cancer. There is evidence showing that patients with the same type of cancer and at the same stage of the disease will receive different treatments in different countries. Therefore, it is crucial to assess the degree of patient participation in health policy decision-making across Europe, as it may result in health inequalities across countries. In a response to this research call,

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