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Journal articles on the topic 'Decision making in adolescence – Case studies'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Needle, Jennifer S., Cynthia Peden-McAlpine, Joan Liaschenko, Kara Koschmann, Noah Sanders, Angela Smith, Sandra E. Schellinger, and Maureen E. Lyon. "“Can you tell me why you made that choice?”: A qualitative study of the influences on treatment decisions in advance care planning among adolescents and young adults undergoing bone marrow transplant." Palliative Medicine 34, no. 3 (October 29, 2019): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269216319883977.

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Background: Adolescent and young adult advance care planning is beneficial in improving communication between patients, surrogates, and clinicians. The influences on treatment decisions among adolescents and young adults are underexplored in the literature. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore and better understand the influences on decision-making for adolescent and young adult bone marrow transplant patients about future medical care. Design: Clinical case studies and qualitative inductive content analysis of treatment decisions made during the Respecting Choices® Next Steps Pediatric Advance Care Planning conversation as a component of the Family-Centered Advance Care Planning Intervention. Settings/participants: A total of 10 adolescent and young adult patients (aged 14–27 years) undergoing bone marrow transplant at an academic Midwest children’s hospital were involved in the study. Results: Influences on participants’ decisions were consideration for family, quality of life, and awareness of self. Desire to avoid suffering and maintain an acceptable quality of life was often in competition with participant’s concern over the perceived negative impact of discontinuing treatment on their families. Conclusion: This study highlights that adolescent and young adult bone marrow transplant patients are capable of meaningful deliberation about future treatment decisions. Influences on decision-making should be incorporated into advance care planning conversations to facilitate communication between patients and their surrogates. Longitudinal research is needed to explore these influences throughout the trajectory of illness.

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Buitelaar, J. K. "Optimising treatment strategies for ADHD in adolescence to minimise ‘lost in transition’ to adulthood." Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 26, no. 5 (April 17, 2017): 448–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045796017000154.

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The persistence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from adolescence to adulthood is not matched by continuity of care in this transition period. Many adolescents with ADHD have poor medication adherence or even stop medication treatment, and use of behavioural interventions is also suboptimal. The present commentary focuses on treatment strategies that might improve effects of ADHD medication treatment by improving adherence in adolescents with ADHD and/or optimise behavioural interventions for ADHD in adolescence. Most treatment strategies in adolescents with ADHD are merely copied from treatments offered to children. Instead however treatment should be focused on what makes adolescents special and vulnerable, such as poor insight into own functioning and poor decision making. Techniques that offer promise for adolescents are motivational interviewing, use of ecological momentary assessments and interventions, mindfulness-based training and serious games. Systematic studies into the effects of these techniques alone and in combination with medication are lacking.

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Matthys, Walter, and Dennis J. L. G. Schutter. "Increasing Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Conduct Problems in Children and Adolescents: What Can We Learn from Neuroimaging Studies?" Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review 24, no. 3 (March 8, 2021): 484–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10567-021-00346-4.

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AbstractCognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is particularly relevant for children from 7 years on and adolescents with clinical levels of conduct problems. CBT provides these children and adolescents with anger regulation and social problem-solving skills that enable them to behave in more independent and situation appropriate ways. Typically, CBT is combined with another psychological treatment such as behavioral parent training in childhood or an intervention targeting multiple systems in adolescence. The effectiveness of CBT, however, is in the small to medium range. The aim of this review is to describe how the effectiveness of CBT may be improved by paying more attention to a series of psychological functions that have been shown to be impaired in neuroimaging studies: (1) anger recognition, (2) the ability to generate situation appropriate solutions to social problems, (3) reinforcement-based decision making, (4) response inhibition, and (5) affective empathy. It is suggested that children and adolescents first become familiar with these psychological functions during group CBT sessions. In individual sessions in which the parents (and/or child care workers in day treatment and residential treatment) and the child or adolescent participate, parents then learn to elicit, support, and reinforce their child’s use of these psychological functions in everyday life (in vivo practice). In these individual sessions, working on the psychological functions is tailored to the individual child’s characteristic impairments of these functions. CBT therapists may also share crucial social-learning topics with teachers with a view to creating learning opportunities for children and adolescents at school.

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Day, Emma, Louise Jones, Richard Langner, and Myra Bluebond-Langner. "Current understanding of decision-making in adolescents with cancer: A narrative systematic review." Palliative Medicine 30, no. 10 (July 10, 2016): 920–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269216316648072.

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Background: Policy guidance and bioethical literature urge the involvement of adolescents in decisions about their healthcare. It is uncertain how roles and expectations of adolescents, parents and healthcare professionals influence decision-making and to what extent this is considered in guidance. Aims: To identify recent empirical research on decision-making regarding care and treatment in adolescent cancer: (1) to synthesise evidence to define the role of adolescents, parents and healthcare professionals in the decision-making process and (2) to identify gaps in research. Design: A narrative systematic review of qualitative, quantitative and mixed-methods research. We adopted a textual approach to synthesis, using a theoretical framework of interactionism to interpret findings. Data Sources: The databases MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SCOPUS, EMBASE and CINHAL were searched from 2001 through May 2015 for publications on decision-making for adolescents (13–19 years) with cancer. Results: Twenty-eight articles were identified. Adolescents and parents initially find it difficult to participate in decision-making due to a lack of options in the face of protocol-driven care. Parent and adolescent preferences for information and response to loss of control vary between individuals and over time. No studies indicate parental or adolescent preference for a high degree of independence in decision-making. Conclusion: Striving to make parents and adolescents fully informed or urge them towards more independence than they prefer may add to distress and confusion. This may interfere with their ability to participate in their preferred way in decisions about care and treatment. Future research should include analysis of on-ground interactions among parents, adolescents and clinicians across the trajectory.

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Parikh, Shital N., Matthew Veerkamp, Matthew Ellington, Craig J. Finlayson, Joseph Molony, Nicole Friel, Daniel W. Green, et al. "MANAGEMENT OF FIRST-TIME PATELLAR DISLOCATION: A SURVEY OF PRISM MEMBERS." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 9, no. 7_suppl3 (July 1, 2021): 2325967121S0013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967121s00133.

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Background: There are no current guidelines for optimal management of first-time patellar dislocation in children and adolescents. Purpose: To develop consensus-based guidelines for management of first-time dislocation in adolescents. Methods: A 29-question, case-based, multiple-choice survey was developed after 2-rounds of iterations by 20 members of the Patellofemoral RIG. The survey contained two case scenarios of first-time patellar dislocation in adolescents - one with and one without an osteochondral fracture. The survey was administered to primary sports medicine and orthopedic surgeons of the PRISM Society in April 2020 and the responses were analyzed. Consensus-based guidelines were generated when at least 66% of the respondents agreed Results: 81/276 (29%) members responded to the survey and 6 consensus-based guidelines were generated from those responses. [Table: see text] There was no consensus between conservative (60%) and operative (40%) treatment of contralateral patellar dislocation. Free-text analysis revealed several variables that influence the decision-making process. Conclusion: There are changes in trends related to management of first-time dislocation in adolescents. MRI, though not recommended for all patients with first-time dislocation, was obtained by 51% of respondents. The survey provides details of conservative treatment, including the role and duration of bracing and physical therapy. For first-time dislocation with an osteochondral fracture, concomitant patellar stabilization is preferred over isolated fixation. Simultaneous guided-growth for genu valgum correction is recommended. There were several variables that influenced the decision-making process and there were several areas of discordance. Further research studies on these parameters could potentially improve outcomes.

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Kaatsch, Peter, Julianne Byrne, and Desiree Grabow. "Managing a Pan-European Consortium on Late Effects among Long-Term Survivors of Childhood and Adolescent Cancer—The PanCareLIFE Project." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8 (April 8, 2021): 3918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18083918.

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PanCareLIFE brought together European partners and is the largest study to have evaluated the issues of fertility impairment, hearing loss, and health-related quality of life in survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer. Successful delivery of the project aims did not evolve solely from scientific qualities. Organizational structure and careful information management were key components for its successful completion and are retrospectively assessed in this paper. PanCareLIFE used cohort studies, case-control studies, clinical evaluation of hearing, and genetic testing to study 32,000 survivors from 25 data providers. A management team implemented the organizational structures, was the decision making body, developed and maintained a communication plan, and supervised deadlines, and made timely decisions. A biostatistics support group and an ethical advisory board were established. A publication committee ensured quality and accuracy of publications and is jointly responsible for the sustainability of the project. The chosen management structure of PanCareLIFE can serve as a blueprint for the management of complex international projects. Apart from the survivors themselves, various target audiences like oncology researchers, health care providers, and policy makers can derive benefits from the project. The results can also be used in oncological frontline therapy to reduce toxicity.

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Ashraf, Maria, and Kaleem Mohammad Khan. "Adolescents’ role in family decision-making for services in India." Young Consumers 17, no. 4 (November 21, 2016): 388–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/yc-06-2016-00608.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the involvement of adolescents in family vacation and dining out on the basis of the type of family. Also, the purpose of this paper is to refine the Scanzoni’s sex role orientation scale (SSRS) in the Indian context. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires from adolescents in Delhi and Uttar Pradesh (states in India). The response rate is 44.88 per cent. Sex role orientation was measured using the Scanzoni’s SSRS. Findings There is a decline in the involvement of adolescents through the major decision-making stages for both the services, family vacation and dining out. There is no significant difference in the involvement of adolescents in dual-income and single-income families for a vacation and dining out, except that the children from dual-income families are more involved in destination selection for a vacation. Also, the adolescents in modern families are significantly involved in the sub-decision stages, spending and selection of travel agent. Practical implications The marketers should advertise the vacation destinations to adolescent children in dual-earning families. Also, the travel agencies should design their promotion strategies so as to appeal to the adolescent children with modern attitudes. While catering to the needs of a family, travel agencies must present their services in a way that appeals to adolescents in modern families. Also, this aspect must be taken care of in all the pricing strategies and promotions for the modern families. Originality/value Despite the large number of studies in various Western countries in this area, few studies investigate adolescent influence in family decision-making in India. The present study takes into account the type of family, single income or dual income (on the basis of the employment of parents) and traditional or modern (on the basis of gender role orientation).

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Fadel, Saleh, and Alfredo E. Walker. "The Postmortem Interpretation of Cardiac Genetic Variants of Unknown Significance in Sudden Death in the Young: A Case Report and Review of the Literature." Academic Forensic Pathology 10, no. 3-4 (December 2020): 166–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1925362120984868.

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Sudden cardiac death (SCD) in adolescents and young adults is a major traumatic event for families and communities. In these cases, it is not uncommon to have a negative autopsy with structurally and histologically normal heart. Such SCD cases are generally attributed to channelopathies, which include long QT syndrome, short QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. Our understanding of the causes for SCDs has changed significantly with the advancements in molecular and genetic studies, where many mutations are now known to be associated with certain channelopathies. Postmortem analysis provides great value in informing decision-making with regard to screening tests and prophylactic measures that should be taken to prevent sudden death in first degree relatives of the decedent. As this is a rapidly advancing field, our ability to identify genetic mutations has surpassed our ability to interpret them. This led to a unique challenge in genetic testing called variants of unknown significance (VUS). VUSs present a diagnostic dilemma and uncertainty for clinicians and patients with regard to next steps. Caution should be exercised when interpreting VUSs since misinterpretation can result in mismanagement of patients and their families. A case of a young adult man with drowning as his proximate cause of death is presented in circumstances where cardiac genetic testing was indicated and undertaken. Eight VUSs in genes implicated in inheritable cardiac dysfunction were identified and the interpretation of VUSs in this scenario is discussed.

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Eades, Kenneth, and Diana R. Harrington. "Case Studies in Financial Decision Making." Journal of Finance 42, no. 1 (March 1987): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2328432.

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Taruscio, Domenica, and Alberto Mantovani. "Multifactorial Rare Diseases: Can Uncertainty Analysis Bring Added Value to the Search for Risk Factors and Etiopathogenesis?" Medicina 57, no. 2 (January 28, 2021): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57020119.

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Uncertainty analysis is the process of identifying limitations in knowledge and evaluating their implications for scientific conclusions. Uncertainty analysis is a stable component of risk assessment and is increasingly used in decision making on complex health issues. Uncertainties should be identified in a structured way and prioritized according to their likely impact on the outcome of scientific conclusions. Uncertainty is inherent to the rare diseases (RD) area, where research and healthcare have to cope with knowledge gaps due to the rarity of the conditions; yet a systematic approach toward uncertainties is not usually undertaken. The uncertainty issue is particularly relevant to multifactorial RD, whose etiopathogenesis involves environmental factors and genetic predisposition. Three case studies are presented: the newly recognized acute multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and adolescents associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection; the assessment of risk factors for neural tube defects; and the genotype–phenotype correlation in familial Mediterranean fever. Each case study proposes the initial identification of the main epistemic and sampling uncertainties and their impacts. Uncertainty analysis in RD may present aspects similar to those encountered when conducting risk assessment in data-poor scenarios; therefore, approaches such as expert knowledge elicitation may be considered. The RD community has a main strength in managing uncertainty, as it proactively develops stakeholder involvement, data sharing and open science. The open science approaches can be profitably integrated by structured uncertainty analysis, especially when dealing with multifactorial RD involving environmental and genetic risk factors.

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Assifi, Anisa R., Melissa Kang, Elizabeth A. Sullivan, and Angela J. Dawson. "Abortion care pathways and service provision for adolescents in high-income countries: A qualitative synthesis of the evidence." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 9, 2020): e0242015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242015.

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Limited research in high-income countries (HICs) examines adolescent abortion care-seeking pathways. This review aims to examine the pathways and experiences of adolescents when seeking abortion care, and service delivery processes in provision of such care. We undertook a systematic search of the literature to identify relevant studies in HICs (2000–2020). A directed content analysis of qualitative and quantitative studies was conducted. Findings were organised to one or more of three domains of an a priori conceptual framework: context, components of abortion care and access pathway. Thirty-five studies were included. Themes classified to the Context domain included adolescent-specific and restrictive abortion legislation, mostly focused on the United States. Components of abortion care themes included confidentiality, comprehensive care, and abortion procedure. Access pathway themes included delays to access, abortion procedure information, decision-making, clinic operation and environments, and financial and transportation barriers. This review highlights issues affecting access to abortion that are particularly salient for adolescents, including additional legal barriers and challenges receiving care due to their age. Opportunities to enhance abortion access include removing legal barriers, provision of comprehensive care, enhancing the quality of information, and harnessing innovative delivery approaches offered by medical abortion.

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Feingold, Jordyn, Laurie Keefer, Ksenia Gorbenko, Halley Kaye-Kauderer, and Michelle Mendiolaza. "4399 Empowered Transitions: Understanding the Experience of Transitioning to Adult Care Among Adolescents with Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Their Parents Using Photovoice." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 4, s1 (June 2020): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2020.266.

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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are most often diagnosed in adolescence and young adulthood, affecting 10 in 100,000 pediatric patients in the US and Canada. Adolescents with IBD are vulnerable to poorer outcomes and higher health costs, partially attributable to disruptions in the continuity of care in the transition from pediatric to adult care settings. There is currently no consensus among providers about the timing of initiation and completion of the transition process for adolescents and young adults with IBD, and access to structured pediatric transition readiness programs are lacking, with a paucity of research to evaluate relevant clinical outcomes in such existing programs. While prior studies have primarily examined barriers and facilitators of successful transitions from the provider perspective, only few studies have systematically examined such factors from the patient and caregiver perspective. We wish to better understand the experience of living with IBD for adolescents and young adults, as well as their parents, to understand barriers and facilitators of successful transitions in care. Ultimately, we wish to articulate best practices in this domain in order to create and evaluate a transitions program for patients and parents at the Mount Sinai IBD Center. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We are recruiting 15-25 patient-parent dyads to complete our study. At recruitment, we collect baseline quantitative metrics from patients pertaining to demographics, disease characteristics, transition-readiness, self-efficacy, resilience, disease-specific health knowledge, and health literacy. From parents, we collect demographic information, concordance metrics (e.g. how parents perceive their children’s resilience, self-efficacy), parenting style questionnaires, and others. These data are used to understand the characteristics of the young adults and parents within our sample to ensure that the results of our study will be generalizable to a diverse range of patients and families. We then train our patient-parent dyads in Photovoice, the primary method of our study. Photovoice is a community based participatory research (CBPR) methodology used in health education and other fields. The method employs photography for participants to capture their experiences living with IBD, or being a parent to a child with IBD. We then interview all participants about the photos using a standard script employed in Photovoice. All surveys are transcribed and coded for thematic analysis. Based on our findings, we hope to determine phenotypes of patient-parent dyads who are likely undergo successful transitions as well as those at higher risk, understand competencies necessary for successful transitions, and create a comprehensive transitions program for the IBD Center that can be applied with all patients undergoing transitions from pediatric to adult GI care. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We currently have 26 patients and 25 parents (1 pair of siblings) aged 14-25 enrolled in the study. We hypothesize that adolescents with higher baseline resilience, efficacy, disease-specific health knowledge, and less active disease will have more successful transitions than adolescents with lower scores on these metrics. Similarly, we predict that adolescents with lower baseline resilience, self-efficacy, disease-specific health knowledge and more active disease will be ideal candidates for a more robust transition-readiness program. Further, we hypothesize that children of more authoritarian parents will be less prepared for transition than those with assertive parents. We are currently in the process of conducting patient/parent interviews, and have collected 6 interviews thus far. We will begin the qualitative coding process once we have four interviews from each cohort. Themes emerging thus far involve: medication management, psychiatric co-morbidity, social support, direct communication with doctors, the role of surgery, school absences, travel, and others. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Transition-readiness is defined as a series of skills in the realms of knowledge, information gathering, self-management, and decision-making that must be mastered by a patient in preparation for a healthcare transition, such as that from pediatric to adult IBD care. It has been shown that many clinicians who rely on subjective measures such as perceived health literacy overestimate transition readiness in their IBD patients. Many pediatric gastroenterologists who use more objective measures rely on a validated self-report questionnaire, the Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire (TRAQ) to assess readiness for transition and to facilitate discussions around the skills necessary to transition, including appointment keeping, tracking health issues, managing medications, talking with providers, and managing daily activities. However, the TRAQ has been shown to be limited in its ability to predict transition readiness independently of age, and ignores both provider and family perspectives. Given the critical role of parents in medical decision making, and the differential emphasis of the caregiver role in pediatric versus adult IBD care paradigms, it is vitally important to identify barriers to transition as well as differences in perspectives between adolescents living with IBD and their parents. Our study is the first to employ Photovoice, a method that ‘gives a voice to the voiceless’ in the gastroenterology space, in order to understand the needs that adolescents and young adults themselves perceive as critical in promoting transition-readiness. We include parents in this inquiry in order to understand how parental perceptions of their children’s transition-readiness promote or stifle successful transitions and independent disease self-management. We will ultimately use this data to create a Transitions program to evaluate in our center for adolescents with IBD and their parents.

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Jokinen, Heikki, Kimmo Konkarikoski, Petteri Pulkkinen, and Risto Ritala. "Operations’ decision making under uncertainty: case studies on papermaking." Mathematical and Computer Modelling of Dynamical Systems 15, no. 5 (November 12, 2009): 435–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13873950903375429.

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Nielsen, Lars Braad, Falconer Mitchell, and Hanne Nørreklit. "Management accounting and decision making: Two case studies of outsourcing." Accounting Forum 39, no. 1 (March 2015): 66–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.accfor.2014.10.005.

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STREETER, DEBORAH H. "Electronic information systems and farmer decision making: Five case studies." European Review of Agricultural Economics 19, no. 1 (1992): 97–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/erae/19.1.97.

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Munro, Gordon R. "Atlantic fisheries and coastal communities: Fisheries decision-making case studies." Marine Policy 10, no. 2 (April 1986): 159–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-597x(86)90021-7.

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Hudson, Christopher G., and Sumati N. Dubey. "Decision making under the adamha block grant: Four case studies." Administration in Mental Health 14, no. 2 (1986): 97–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00819194.

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Garanito, Marlene Pereira, and Vera Lucia Zaher-Rutherford. "ADOLESCENT PATIENTS AND THE CLINICAL DECISION ABOUT THEIR HEALTH." Revista Paulista de Pediatria 37, no. 4 (December 2019): 503–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1984-0462/;2019;37;4;00011.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To carry out a review of the literature on adolescents’ participation in decision making for their own health. Data sources: Review in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) and PubMed databases. We consider scientific articles and books between 1966 and 2017. Keywords: adolescence, autonomy, bioethics and adolescence, autonomy, ethics, in variants in the English, Portuguese and Spanish languages. Inclusion criteria: scientific articles, books and theses on clinical decision making by the adolescent patient. Exclusion criteria: case reports and articles that did not address the issue. Among 1,590 abstracts, 78 were read in full and 32 were used in this manuscript. Data synthesis: The age at which the individual is able to make decisions is a matter of debate in the literature. The development of a cognitive and psychosocial system is a time-consuming process and the integration of psychological, neuropsychological and neurobiological research in adolescence is fundamental. The ability to mature reflection is not determined by chronological age; in theory, a mature child is able to consent or refuse treatment. Decision-making requires careful and reflective analysis of the main associated factors, and the approach of this problem must occur through the recognition of the maturity and autonomy that exists in the adolescents. To do so, it is necessary to “deliberate” with them. Conclusions: International guidelines recommend that adolescents participate in discussions about their illness, treatment and decision-making. However, there is no universally accepted consensus on how to assess the decision-making ability of these patients. Despite this, when possible, the adolescent should be included in a serious, honest, respectful and sincere process of deliberation.

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Burnaby, Barbara, and Marguerite MacKenzie. "Cree Decision Making Concerning Language: A Case Study." Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 22, no. 3 (November 2001): 191–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01434630108666432.

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van Hoorn, Jorien, Andrew J. Fuligni, Eveline A. Crone, and Adriana Galván. "Peer influence effects on risk-taking and prosocial decision-making in adolescence: insights from neuroimaging studies." Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences 10 (August 2016): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2016.05.007.

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Pappa, Rocco, Giovanna Fossa, and Maria Grazia Silverii. "The decision-making processes in environmental matters : two italian case studies." Netcom 8, no. 2 (1994): 507–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/netco.1994.1242.

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Shih, Claire Yi-Yi. "Problem-solving and decision-making in translation revision: Two case studies." Across Languages and Cultures 16, no. 1 (June 2015): 69–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/084.2015.16.1.4.

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Rea, Delphine. "Case Studies in Treatment-Free Remission (TFR): The Decision-Making Process." Clinical Lymphoma Myeloma and Leukemia 18 (September 2018): S23—S24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clml.2018.06.042.

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Hsu, Yu‐Lin, and Gavin C. Reid. "Two‐stage decision‐making within the firm: Analysis and case studies." Managerial and Decision Economics 42, no. 6 (March 6, 2021): 1355–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mde.3317.

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Altemeyer, Boris. "Making the business case for AI in HR: two case studies." Strategic HR Review 18, no. 2 (April 8, 2019): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/shr-12-2018-0101.

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Purpose This paper aims to analyse two large-scale business case studies for the benefits of using AI, computer science and machine learning to assess, recruit and retain staff. Design/methodology/approach The authors interrogate two large-scale case studies, including metrics on the success of AI in relation to user experience, compatibility, psychometric benchmarking. Findings The authors conclude that AI removes bias from assessment, recruitment and training processes and can save businesses significant time and resources as well as improve the cultural fit and diversity of their recruits. There is a balance to be struck, though, as the systems used are only as good as the science supporting the selection – and humans must ultimately retain the role of decision makers. Originality/value These business case studies are examined in detail for the first time in this paper.

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Leatham, Miguel C. "Rethinking religious decision‐making in peasant millenarianism: The case of Nueva Jerusalén." Journal of Contemporary Religion 12, no. 3 (October 1997): 295–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13537909708580807.

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Holmes, Lydia, Sarah A. Deslauriers, Courtney Eaton, Bruce Cordon, Mike Martin, and Karen Sands. "Incorporating Sustainability into Decision Making – Case Studies that Explore Relevance and Effectiveness." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2014, no. 14 (October 1, 2014): 1675–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864714815939138.

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Cheng, Christine, and Renee Flasher. "Two Short Case Studies in Staff Auditor and Student Ethical Decision Making." Issues in Accounting Education 33, no. 1 (August 1, 2017): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/iace-51881.

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ABSTRACT Two cases help students identify the influence that self-interest can have on ethical decision making and encourage them to practice “giving voice to values.” The learning objectives are to: (1) increase student awareness of the role of ethical fading in unethical decision making; (2) develop critical-thinking skills for ethical decision making; and (3) practice applying moral imagination to resolve ethical dilemmas. Specifically, we designed these case scenarios to develop skills in recognizing and resolving ethical dilemmas. Post-case survey responses indicate that beyond meeting the learning objectives, students personally relate to the protagonists. The cases are appropriate for graduate or undergraduate accounting courses, including capstone accounting courses, in which ethics, auditing, forensic accounting, and/or the professional code of conduct are discussed. Implementation guidance and Teaching Notes are provided to aid instructors seeking to motivate in-class discussions of the current and future ethical decisions students may face.

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Hirsch, Edward J., Teri Lewis-Palmer, George Sugai, and Lance Schnacker. "Using School Bus Discipline Referral Data in Decision Making: Two Case Studies." Preventing School Failure: Alternative Education for Children and Youth 48, no. 4 (July 2004): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/psfl.48.4.4-9.

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Pavlovskis, Miroslavas, Darius Migilinskas, Jurgita Antuchevičienė, Irina Urba, and Viačeslav Zigmund. "Problems in reconstruction projects, BIM uses and decision-making: Lithuanian case studies." Procedia Engineering 208 (2017): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.11.029.

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31

de Looff, Leon A. "Information systems outsourcing decision making: a framework organizational theories and case studies." Journal of Information Technology 10, no. 4 (December 1995): 281–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jit.1995.31.

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Bayraktar, Mehmet Emre, and Makarand Hastak. "Bayesian Belief Network Model for Decision Making in Highway Maintenance: Case Studies." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 135, no. 12 (December 2009): 1357–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0000111.

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Delooff, Leon A. "Information Systems Outsourcing Decision Making: A Framework, Organizational Theories and Case Studies." Journal of Information Technology 10, no. 4 (December 1995): 281–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026839629501000408.

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This paper reports on research into information systems (IS) outsourcing decisions and their consequences. A descriptional framework was used to describe systematically different types of outsourcing. A theoretical foundation for the IS outsourcing decision was derived from established organizational theories. These findings were investigated by retrospective and longitudinal in-depth case study research into 23 IS outsourcing arrangements in six organizations. The case studies were performed in the Netherlands, and comprised systematic analysis of actual short and long term effects of IS outsourcing.

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Gilbert, David. "Strategic Decision-Making in Japanese Trading Companies: Case Studies of Information Search Activities." Journal of Management & Organization 9, no. 1 (January 2003): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1833367200004909.

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ABSTRACTThe paper describes an investigation into the information search activities of senior Japanese executives involved in strategic decision-making in Japanese trading companies. The research task was conducted over a twelve-month period between 2000-2001, at five well-known Japanese kaisha (see Appendix 1 for a list of Japanese expressions used in this paper) headquartered in Tokyo. This paper identifies sources of information that are dev-eloped and used by executive decision-makers in evaluating strategic alternatives. As well modes of access to the identified sources are highlighted and analysed.Results from the study indicate the prominence of distinctive Japanese managerial practices such as nemawashi and settai, in developing information sources. As well it was found that these practices strongly influence how information sources are accessed. Executive decision-makers from the Presidential level to Divisional Manager level who participated in this study were emphatic in their belief that strategic decision-making in most situations is reliant upon the network of information sources cultivated by decision-makers as well as their skill in accessing the various sources.

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Gilbert, David. "Strategic Decision-Making in Japanese Trading Companies: Case Studies of Information Search Activities." Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management 9, no. 1 (January 2003): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/jmo.2003.9.1.27.

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ABSTRACTThe paper describes an investigation into the information search activities of senior Japanese executives involved in strategic decision-making in Japanese trading companies. The research task was conducted over a twelve-month period between 2000-2001, at five well-known Japanese kaisha (see Appendix 1 for a list of Japanese expressions used in this paper) headquartered in Tokyo. This paper identifies sources of information that are dev-eloped and used by executive decision-makers in evaluating strategic alternatives. As well modes of access to the identified sources are highlighted and analysed.Results from the study indicate the prominence of distinctive Japanese managerial practices such as nemawashi and settai, in developing information sources. As well it was found that these practices strongly influence how information sources are accessed. Executive decision-makers from the Presidential level to Divisional Manager level who participated in this study were emphatic in their belief that strategic decision-making in most situations is reliant upon the network of information sources cultivated by decision-makers as well as their skill in accessing the various sources.

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Dimitrakopoulos, Ioannis, and Kostas Karamanis. "Decision Making Using Multicriteria Analysis: A Case Study of Decision Modeling Career in Education." Case Studies in Business and Management 4, no. 2 (July 17, 2017): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/csbm.v4i2.11355.

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The aim of this paper is to offer an applicable evaluation framework relating to the right choice of one’s profession via his/her studies. The first part of the paper consists of the basic principles of Multicriteria Decision Making. To begin with, the paper initially focuses on the Macbeth Method. This helps to provide a perspective for procedural types of decisions in which various qualitative and quantitative aspects are incorporated. In the second part of the paper, the above-mentioned multicriteria method is applied to a “real-world” case concerning a specific case of a student, Eva. For this specific study, it is concluded that the factors of greatest importance that lead to choosing the University Eva finally chose, were four: the cost of undergraduate studies, the reputation-status of the University, its logistics and infrastructure and its interconnections with other Universities and other Academic Institutions.

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Bindler, Anna, and Randi Hjalmarsson. "Path Dependency in Jury Decision Making." Journal of the European Economic Association 17, no. 6 (December 11, 2018): 1971–2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jeea/jvy046.

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Abstract A large behavioral economics literature is concerned with cognitive biases in individual and group decisions, including sequential decisions. These studies often find a negative path-dependency consistent with mechanisms such as the gambler's fallacy or contrast effects. We provide the first test for such biases in group decision making using observational data. Specifically, we study more than 27,000 verdicts adjudicated sequentially by over 900 juries for high-stake criminal cases at London's Old Bailey Criminal Court in the 18th and 19th centuries. Using jury fixed effects to account for heterogeneity in their baseline propensity to convict, we find that a previous guilty verdict significantly increases the chance of a subsequent guilty verdict by 6.7%–14.1%. This positive autocorrelation is robust to alternative estimation strategies, independent of jury experience and driven by the most recent lag and pairs of similar cases. Such positive path dependency may be explained by sequential assimilation effects, which may reflect a jury's desire to be internally consistent, and short-term “emotional” impacts of the characteristics and/or outcome of one case on another. As in modern-day jury studies, our results highlight that factors independent of the facts and evidence of the current case might affect jury behavior.

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Park, Eunhee, Heejung Kim, and Andreanna Steinhoff. "Health-Related Internet Use by Informal Caregivers of Children and Adolescents: An Integrative Literature Review." Journal of Medical Internet Research 18, no. 3 (March 3, 2016): e57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/jmir.4124.

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Background Internet-based health resources can support informal caregivers who are caring for children or adolescents with health care needs. However, few studies discriminate informal caregivers’ needs from those of their care recipients or those of people caring for adults. Objective This study reviews the literature of health-related Internet use among informal caregivers of children and adolescents. Methods A total of 17 studies were selected from literature searches conducted in 6 electronic databases: PubMed, Cochrane, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ERIC, and EMBASE. All databases searches were limited to articles published in the years 2004 to 2014 in peer-reviewed publications. Search terms consisted of “health-related Internet use,” “eHealth,” “Internet use for health-related purpose(s),” “Web-based resource(s),” and “online resources,” combined with informal caregiver (or “parents”) of “child,” “adolescent,” “student,” “youth,” and “teen.” The age range of the children receiving care was limited to younger than 22 years. Their informal caregivers were defined as persons (parents) who provided unpaid care or assistance to a child or an adolescent with health problems. Results Among 17 empirical studies, the majority of informal caregivers of children with medical issues were the parents. Quantitative studies (14/17, 77%) reported prevalence and predictors of health-related Internet use, while mixed-methods and qualitative studies (3/17, 24%) investigated informal caregiver perceptions of helpful health-related Internet use and barriers of use. The prevalence of health-related Internet use varied (11%-90%) dependent upon how health-related Internet use was operationalized and measured. Disease-specific information was used for decision making about treatment, while social support via virtual communities and email were used for informal caregiver emotional needs. A digital divide of Internet access was identified in lower educated minorities. Most studies had methodological challenges resulting from convenience sampling, cross-sectional surveys, lack of theoretical frameworks, or no clear definitions of health-related Internet use. Conclusions This study provides an important understanding of how family members use Internet-based information and support systems during child caregiving. Healthcare providers and policy makers should integrate family needs into their current practices and policies. Further rigorous research is required to design efficient and effective nursing interventions.

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Harris, Elaine Pamela, Deryl Northcott, Moataz Moamen Elmassri, and Jari Huikku. "Theorising strategic investment decision-making using strong structuration theory." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 29, no. 7 (September 19, 2016): 1177–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-03-2015-2005.

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Purpose In the field of strategic investment decision making (SIDM) a body of research has grown up via international case studies and organisation-based fieldwork. However, there has been little systematic theorisation around SIDM processes and practices. The purpose of this paper is to show how strong structuration theory (SST) can be employed to guide how future SIDM studies are conducted and theorised. Design/methodology/approach The authors draw upon the concepts from SST to reanalyse prior empirically based work. The authors apply SST-informed analysis to four SIDM case studies selected from the total of 18 published over the period 1970-2016 to explore the utility of SST compared with other approaches. Findings The analysis highlights the role of agents’ knowledgeability and position-practice relations in SIDM, which has largely been neglected by prior studies. The authors demonstrate the potential of SST to inform meso-level theorising by applying it to four published case studies. Whilst the authors argue for the adoption of SST, the authors also identify key methodological and conceptual issues in using SST in SIDM research. Research limitations/implications The examples and recommendations could assist management accounting researchers, particularly those engaged in case studies and organisational fieldwork, to build knowledge via the improved comparison, integration and theorisation of cases undertaken by different researchers in different contexts. Originality/value The authors offer a bridge between SST concepts and case study evidence for theorising, carrying out and analysing case study and field research on SIDM.

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Granados, Alicia. "HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT AND CLINICAL DECISION MAKING:." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 15, no. 3 (July 1999): 585–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462399153121.

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This paper examines the rationality of the concepts underlying evidence—based medicineand health technology assessment (HTA), which are part of a new current aimed at promoting the use of the results of scientific studies for decision making in health care. It describes the different approaches and purposes of this worldwide movement, in relation to clinical decision making, through a summarized set of specific HTA case studies from Catalonia, Spain. The examples illustrate how the systematic process of HTA can help in several types of uncertainties related to clinical decision making.

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Han, Ke. "Framework for Real-Time Traffic Management with Case Studies." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2658, no. 1 (January 2017): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2658-05.

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This paper focuses on real-time traffic management facilitated by modern telecommunication technologies and advanced real-time optimization algorithms. The discussion begins with a recent European project that provides a real-time decision support system for the reduction of traffic congestion and emissions. The workflow and techniques involved therein are explained and issues and potential gaps identified. A more generic real-time decision-making framework based on decision rules and distributionally robust optimization is then introduced. The paper illustrates the wide applicability and unique advantages of such a framework with case studies on responsive signal control, use of an adaptive variable message sign, and air traffic management.

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Kahn, Lauren E., Shannon J. Peake, Thomas J. Dishion, Elizabeth A. Stormshak, and Jennifer H. Pfeifer. "Learning to Play It Safe (or Not): Stable and Evolving Neural Responses during Adolescent Risky Decision-making." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 27, no. 1 (January 2015): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00694.

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Adolescent decision-making is a topic of great public and scientific interest. However, much of the neuroimaging research in this area contrasts only one facet of decision-making (e.g., neural responses to anticipation or receipt of monetary rewards). Few studies have directly examined the processes that occur immediately before making a decision between two options that have varied and unpredictable potential rewards and penalties. Understanding adolescent decision-making from this vantage point may prove critical to ameliorating risky behavior and improving developmental outcomes. In this study, participants aged 14–16 years engaged in a driving simulation game while undergoing fMRI. Results indicated activity in ventral striatum preceded risky decisions and activity in right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) preceded safe decisions. Furthermore, participants who reported higher sensation-seeking and sensitivity to reward and punishment demonstrated lower rIFG activity during safe decisions. Finally, over successive games, rIFG activity preceding risky decisions decreased, whereas thalamus and caudate activity increased during positive feedback (taking a risk without crashing). These results indicate that regions traditionally associated with reward processing and inhibition not only drive risky decision-making in the moment but also contribute to learning about risk tradeoffs during adolescence.

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Ennis, Catherine D. "Curriculum Theory as Practiced: Case Studies of Operationalized Value Orientations." Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 11, no. 4 (July 1992): 358–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.11.4.358.

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This research was conducted to investigate the role of value orientations in effective elementary physical educators’ curricular decision making. Educational value orientations served as the theoretical base for the research. Three research questions were examined: (a) what were the learning goals and expectations for student performance in each program, (b) why did teachers value these goals, and (c) how well did students understand the goals and expectations of the program? Data were collected through class observations, teacher and student interviews, and the Value Orientation Inventory. Data were analyzed using constant comparison. Results described students’ learning goals and academic and social performance expectations within each teacher’s value profile. Dynamical systems theory was used to elaborate the influence of value orientations in the curriculum decision-making process.

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Merkus, Sander, Jaap De Heer, and Marcel Veenswijk. "Decision-making as performative struggle." Journal of Organizational Ethnography 3, no. 2 (August 12, 2014): 224–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joe-12-2012-0058.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to introduce the concept of performative struggle through the use of an interpretative case story focussed on a strategic decision-making process concerning infrastructural development. Performativity is about “world-making” (Carter et al., 2010), based on the assumption that conceptual schemes are not only prescriptions of the world, for the practices flowing from these abstract ideas bring into being the world they are describing. The focus on agency and multiplicity in the academic debate on performativity in organizational settings are combined, resulting in the conceptualization of a multitude of performative agents struggling to make the world. Design/methodology/approach – The methodological approach of this paper is based on an interpretative analysis of contrasting narratives that are told by political-executives in a strategic decision-making process. These narratives are based on in-depth interviews and participant observation. The interpretative case story, exhibiting the strategic decision-making practices of Aldermen, Delegates and Ministers – focusses on the moments of performative struggle based on strategic narrative practices. Findings – The interpretative case story will exhibit the way in which a multiplicity of agents reflects on the performative dimension of the decision-making process, anticipates on its performative effects and attempts to manipulate the strategic vision that is actualized into reality. Moreover, the agents are not primarily concerned with the actualization of a specific infrastructural project; they are more concerned with the consequences of decision making for their more comprehensive strategic visions on reality. Research limitations/implications – The notion of performative struggle has not yet been explicitly studied by scholars focussing on performativity. However, the concept can be used as an appropriate lens for studying meaning making within ethnographic studies on organizational processes such as for instance culture change intervention and strategy formation. The concept of performative struggle is especially useful for understanding the political dimension of meaning making when studying an organizational life-world through the use of ethnographic research. Originality/value – The originality of this paper lies in the innovative conceptualization of struggle between a multiplicity of reflexive agents in the debate on performative world-making. Moreover, the incorporation of the perspective of performative struggle within organizational ethnographic research is valuable for the development of organizational ethnographic methodology.

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Evans, Robert. "Environmental Reviews and Case Studies: Decision Making in the Environmental Impact Assessment Process." Environmental Practice 16, no. 4 (December 2014): 290–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1466046614000295.

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Hall, Claire. "Challenging Automated Decision-making by Public Bodies: Selected Case Studies from Other Jurisdictions." Judicial Review 25, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 8–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10854681.2020.1732738.

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Greene, Virginia. "Using Case Studies to Examine the Decision-Making Process for Cleaning Ethnographic Objects." Journal of the American Institute for Conservation 45, no. 3 (January 2006): 183–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/019713606806112496.

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McCormick, Andrew J., Patti Stowell-Weiss, Jennifer Carson, Gerald Tebo, Inga Hanson, and Bianca Quesada. "Continuing Education in Ethical Decision Making Using Case Studies From Medical Social Work." Social Work in Health Care 53, no. 4 (April 9, 2014): 344–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00981389.2014.884042.

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Simonovic, Slobodan P. "Water resources systems analysis through case studies: Data and models for decision making." Canadian Water Resources Journal / Revue canadienne des ressources hydriques 40, no. 2 (January 22, 2015): 232–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07011784.2014.998290.

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Hutchel, Armand, and Hughues Molet. "Rational modelling in understanding and aiding human decision-making: About two case studies." European Journal of Operational Research 24, no. 1 (January 1986): 178–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(86)90024-x.

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