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Journal articles on the topic 'Decisional landmarks'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Yin, Meijuan, Wen Yang, Xiaonan Liu, and Xiangyang Luo. "Evaluator: A Multilevel Decision Approach for Web-Based Landmark Evaluation." Security and Communication Networks 2020 (July 15, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8843188.

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Street-level landmarks are an important basis for street-level IP geolocation, and the web-based landmark is one of the main sources of street-level landmarks. Considering the existing street-level landmark evaluation methods having low accuracy and strict constraints, this paper analyses the causes and evaluation idea of invalid web-based candidate landmarks and proposes Evaluator, a web-based landmark evaluation approach. Evaluator adopts the idea of the decision tree to filter invalid landmarks layer by layer and comprehensively estimates the quantitative reliability of candidate landmarks with public data and services to obtain reliable landmarks. This paper proposes the domain name system (DNS) distributed query algorithm to effectively resolve all IP addresses of a domain name, which provides data support for Evaluator to filter candidate landmarks. Meanwhile, this paper also proposes a reverse verification algorithm to obtain all domain names of an IP address, which provides an important reference to calculate the reliability of a reliable landmark. In addition, gradient descent is used to assess the parameters of the reliability estimating model, which effectively improves the robustness of Evaluator. Experiments show that reliable landmarks from Evaluator reduce the geolocation error of 100 targets in Hong Kong from 7.30 km to 3.91 km, compared with the landmark verifying method (LVM), one of the latest web-based landmark evaluation methods. Moreover, Evaluator significantly improves the evaluation coverage based on the same geolocation accuracy with street-level landmark evaluation (SLE), one of the latest landmark evaluation methods.

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Steck, Sibylle D., and Hanspeter A. Mallot. "The Role of Global and Local Landmarks in Virtual Environment Navigation." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 9, no. 1 (2000): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/105474600566628.

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In visual navigation, landmarks can be used in a number of different ways. In this paper, we investigate the role of global and local landmarks in virtual environment navigation. We performed an experiment in a virtual environment called “Hexatown”, consisting of a regular hexagonal grid of streets and junctions. Each junction was identified by the presence of distinct local landmarks (buildings, phone box, and so on). Additionally, compass information or a global frame of reference was provided by global landmarks (hilltop, television tower, and city skyline). According to participants' movement decisions, egomotion was simulated, and displayed on a 180 deg. projection screen. Participants learned the route back and forth between two local landmarks. In the test phase, individual junctions were approached and the participant's movement decision was recorded. We performed two experiments involving landmark changes after learning. In the first, we used conflicting cues by transposing landmarks. In the second experiment, we reduced either local or global landmark information. Results show that both local and global landmarks are used in wayfinding decisions. However, different participants rely on different strategies. In the first experiment (cue conflict) for example, some of the participants used only local landmarks while others relied exclusively on global landmarks. Other participants used local landmarks at one location and global landmarks at the other. When removing one landmark type in the second experiment, the other type could be used by almost all participants, indicating that information about the neglected landmark type was present in memory.

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Duncan, Jerry R., D. Brad Keleher, Bruce C. Newendorp, et al. "Designing for Populations of People Using Tools Describing More of their Dimensions." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 44, no. 38 (2000): 739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120004403814.

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Human factors and ergonomics decisions are made on the basis of a population of users. To best accommodate anatomical variability in a population, we need to know how relevant landmarks (human and workstation) are related to each other in 3D space. Traditionally, we've relied on summary statistics of one-dimensional anatomical measures (e.g., 95th percentile eye height) of people in artificially constrained postures to create simplified representatives of a population. Today, 3D digital human models showing whole population distributions of anatomical landmarks in relation to a workspace enable us to make more informed decisions. Our presentation demonstrates using tools describing more dimensions of a population (i.e., a digital 3D human model and a multi-dimensional database of 3D anthropometry in a natural working posture, landmark motion paths, and demographic data) to make workspace design decisions.

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Nguyen, Chi-Hieu, Chung T. Kieu, and Khanh-Van Nguyen. "Improved Compact Routing Schemes for Random Interconnects." International Journal of Distributed Systems and Technologies 11, no. 3 (2020): 89–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdst.2020070105.

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Random topology has been an increasingly favorable approach for designing interconnection networks, as it can provide a combination of low latency and incremental network growth that could not be provided by the traditional rigid topologies. However, the common shortest-path routing in a random interconnect poses a scalability problem, for it requires global network info to make routing decisions and so, the routing table size (RTS) can be very large. Therefore, this manuscript would aim to revisit the well-known research area of landmark-based compact routing and to improve the universal routing schemes for the specific case of random interconnects. It would propose new landmark-based compact routing schemes, using 2 heuristic techniques to select landmarks that are evenly spaced, which would reduce the RTS in the well-known Thorup and Zwick's scheme by up to 18% and produce a shorter average path length.

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Rodney Hill. "A Landmark Decision." Film & History: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Film and Television Studies 39, no. 1 (2009): 101–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/flm.0.0092.

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Bauman, Gus. "A True Landmark Decision." Land Use Law & Zoning Digest 39, no. 8 (1987): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00947598.1987.10395095.

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Prus, Barbara, Magdalena Wilkosz-Mamcarczyk, and Tomasz Salata. "Landmarks as Cultural Heritage Assets Affecting the Distribution of Settlements in Rural Areas—An Analysis Based on LIDAR DTM, Digital Photographs, and Historical Maps." Remote Sensing 12, no. 11 (2020): 1778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12111778.

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The final decision of the owner of the plot who plans to build a house depends on many factors most of which are of legal and financial nature. The authors demonstrate that the decisions regarding specific location within the plot of land are influenced by intangible components as well, namely the intention to have the best view. The view is often related to the occurrence of landmarks with prominent visual impact in the landscape that determine visual connections. The rural landscape is determined by the spatial arrangement including the buildings, the shape of public spaces, ownership divisions, and the land distribution. Being an element of rural cultural heritage, the arrangement of buildings is influenced by a vast number of factors such as geographical, historical, physical, and socio-economic ones. This article focuses on determining the interaction between the settlement locations and zones with an excellent, unique view of characteristic, well-known architectural landmarks. Mapping of viewsheds of many features is a critical element of the landscape planning process and facilitates the protection of cultural heritage assets. The analysis involved LiDAR DTM (Digital Terrain Model created in Light Detection and Ranging technology), digital photographs, and historical maps. In terms of the administrative subdivision, the area comprises 20 localities. The landmark visibility analysis for locations of the buildings covered a 140 km2 area of Carpathian Foothills in southern Poland. The article combines experiences in the field of landscape architecture, spatial planning and the use of Geographic Information System (GIS) technology. The examples show that the modern development layout refers to the historical structure and the development of a new settlement tissue has a cultural background and is influenced by spatial landmarks.

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Johnson, G. R. "The landmark microcode legal decision." ACM SIGMICRO Newsletter 20, no. 2 (1989): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/71539.71540.

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Vasen, Gustavo, Paula Dunayevich, and Alejandro Colman-Lerner. "Mitotic and pheromone-specific intrinsic polarization cues interfere with gradient sensing inSaccharomyces cerevisiae." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 12 (2020): 6580–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1912505117.

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Polarity decisions are central to many processes, including mitosis and chemotropism. InSaccharomyces cerevisiae, budding and mating projection (MP) formation use an overlapping system of cortical landmarks that converges on the small G protein Cdc42. However, pheromone-gradient sensing must override the Rsr1-dependent internal polarity cues used for budding. Using this model system, we asked what happens when intrinsic and extrinsic spatial cues are not aligned. Is there competition, or collaboration? By live-cell microscopy and microfluidics techniques, we uncovered three previously overlooked features of this signaling system. First, the cytokinesis-associated polarization patch serves as a polarity landmark independently of all known cues. Second, the Rax1-Rax2 complex functions as a pheromone-promoted polarity cue in the distal pole of the cells. Third, internal cues remain active during pheromone-gradient tracking and can interfere with this process, biasing the location of MPs. Yeast defective in internal-cue utilization align significantly better than wild type with artificially generated pheromone gradients.

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Fishman, Rachelle HB. "Landmark decision ends Israeli doctors' strike." Lancet 356, no. 9226 (2000): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)73612-6.

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Van Brunt, Jennifer. "Ex parte Hibberd: Another Landmark Decision." Nature Biotechnology 3, no. 12 (1985): 1059–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt1285-1059.

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Moulton, donalee. "Landmark Halifax decision heads to appeal court." Canadian Medical Association Journal 188, no. 17-18 (2016): E426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.109-5344.

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Wang, Lin, Weimin Mou, and Xianghong Sun. "Development of Landmark Knowledge at Decision Points." Spatial Cognition & Computation 14, no. 1 (2013): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13875868.2013.784768.

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Aram, Farshid, Ebrahim Solgi, Ester Higueras García, Danial Mohammadzadeh S., Amir Mosavi, and Shahaboddin Shamshirband. "Design and Validation of a Computational Program for Analysing Mental Maps: Aram Mental Map Analyzer." Sustainability 11, no. 14 (2019): 3790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11143790.

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Considering citizens’ perceptions of their living environment is very helpful in making the right decisions for city planners who intend to build a sustainable society. Mental map analyses are widely used in understanding the level of perception of individuals regarding the surrounding environment. The present study introduces Aram Mental Map Analyzer (AMMA), an open-source program, which allows researchers to use special features and new analytical methods to receive outputs in numerical data and analytical maps with greater accuracy and speed. AMMA performance is contingent upon two principles of accuracy and complexity, the accuracy of the program is measured by Accuracy Placed Landmarks (APL) and General Orientation (GO), which respectively analyses the landmark placement accuracy and the main route mapping accuracy. Also, the complexity section is examined through two analyses Cell Percentage (CP) and General Structure (GS), which calculates the complexity of citizens’ perception of space based on the criteria derived from previous studies. AMMA examines all the dimensions and features of the graphic maps and its outputs have a wide range of valid and differentiated information, which is tailored to the research and information subject matter that is required.

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Theil, Stefan. "Excavating Landmarks—Empirical Contributions to Doctrinal Analysis." Journal of Environmental Law 32, no. 2 (2019): 221–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jel/eqz033.

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Abstract The idea of landmark cases is ubiquitous in legal scholarship and adjudication. Both scholars who rely on ‘landmark’ cases and those who avoid the label often focus too much attention on a small sample of individual cases when researching legal doctrine. This risks missing important cases and pieces of the doctrinal picture. The article proposes an updated methodology that returns ‘to the basics’ of doctrinal scholarship, but with an empirical twist enabled through modern database technology. The approach is exemplified through the case study of López Ostra v Spain, a well-known environmental human rights decision under the European Convention on Human Rights. Based on a comprehensive data set of all environmental decisions, the article argues that the ‘landmark’ status of López Ostra is less empirically and doctrinally clear than conventionally accepted in legal scholarship.

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DeMaria, Alfred T. "The Board's Landmark “Joint Employer” Decision-Part 2." Management Report for Nonunion Organizations 39, no. 4 (2016): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mare.30150.

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O??MEARA, SUSAN M., and DANIEL P. O??MEARA. "NLRB to Issue Landmark Decision on Nurse Practitioners." Nurse Practitioner 20, no. 12 (1995): 14???27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006205-199512000-00002.

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Rees, Frank. "Landmark decision on the patentability of computer software." Computer Fraud & Security Bulletin 1995, no. 12 (1995): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0142-0496(95)80093-x.

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Geiger, S., S. Gillner, and H. A. Mallot. "Global versus Local Cues for Route Finding in Virtual Environments." Perception 26, no. 1_suppl (1997): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v970326.

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Motivated by the results of Gillner and Mallot (1996 Perception25 Supplement, 93) implying that local views are basic elements for a spatial representation, we studied the role of global versus local landmarks using a route-finding task. Our hypotheses were: (i) A global navigation strategy relying on allocentric movement decisions is used, eg “go from this place towards the chapel on the hill”, or (ii) a local navigation strategy based on view—movement associations is used, eg “at the red building go right”. We performed an experiment in a computer graphics town based on a hexagonal grid structure. At each intersection we placed three different buildings. We also provided global direction information by placing six global landmarks distributed equally along a mountain range. Subjects had to learn the back and forth route between two buildings, not knowing that after a learning phase the location of buildings at a particular junction would be changed. These changes produced conflicting global and local information. In the test-phase, the subject approached individual junctions in both learned and novel directions and the movement decisions were recorded. In a control condition with unchanged places twenty subjects made correct decisions for 136 of 160 movements. In the experimental conflict condition 123 decisions were consistent with a local and 37 with a global strategy. This supports our previous finding that local views play a dominant role in making route judgements. Approaching a junction from a learned direction leads to more accurate movement decisions than approaching it from a novel direction, even if the global landmarks are available, which provides further support for the local-view hypothesis.

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Wang, Shumeng, Huiqi Li, Jiazhi Li, Yanjun Zhang, and Bingshuang Zou. "Automatic Analysis of Lateral Cephalograms Based on Multiresolution Decision Tree Regression Voting." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2018 (November 19, 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1797502.

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Cephalometric analysis is a standard tool for assessment and prediction of craniofacial growth, orthodontic diagnosis, and oral-maxillofacial treatment planning. The aim of this study is to develop a fully automatic system of cephalometric analysis, including cephalometric landmark detection and cephalometric measurement in lateral cephalograms for malformation classification and assessment of dental growth and soft tissue profile. First, a novel method of multiscale decision tree regression voting using SIFT-based patch features is proposed for automatic landmark detection in lateral cephalometric radiographs. Then, some clinical measurements are calculated by using the detected landmark positions. Finally, two databases are tested in this study: one is the benchmark database of 300 lateral cephalograms from 2015 ISBI Challenge, and the other is our own database of 165 lateral cephalograms. Experimental results show that the performance of our proposed method is satisfactory for landmark detection and measurement analysis in lateral cephalograms.

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Pfisterer, Valentin M. "The Right to Privacy—A Fundamental Right in Search of Its Identity: Uncovering the CJEU’s Flawed Concept of the Right to Privacy." German Law Journal 20, no. 05 (2019): 722–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/glj.2019.57.

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AbstractIn recent years, the CJEU has impressively brought to bear the protection of the fundamental rights to privacy and protection of personal data as contained in the CFREU. The Court’s decisions in the Digital Rights, Schrems, Tele2, and PNR cases have reshaped the political and legal landscape in Europe and beyond. By restricting the powers of the governments of EU Member States and annulling legislative acts enacted by the EU legislator, the decisions had, and continue to have, effects well beyond the respective individual cases. Despite their strong impact on privacy and data protection across Europe, however, these landmark decisions reveal a number of flaws and inconsistencies in the conceptualization of the rights to privacy and protection of personal data as endorsed and interpreted by the CJEU. This Article identifies and discusses some of the shortcomings revealed in the recent CJEU privacy and data protection landmark decisions and proposes to the CJEU a strategy aimed at resolving these shortcomings going forward.

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Khalidi, Rashid I. "Historical Landmarks in the Hundred Years’ War on Palestine." Journal of Palestine Studies 47, no. 1 (2017): 6–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.2017.47.1.6.

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This essay argues that what has been going on in Palestine for a century has been mischaracterized. Advancing a different perspective, it illuminates the history of the last hundred years as the Palestinians have experienced it. In doing so, it explores key historical documents, including the Balfour Declaration, Article 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations, and UN Security Council Resolution 242, none of which included the Palestinians in key decisions impacting their lives and very survival. What amounts to a hundred years of war against the Palestinians, the essay contends, should be seen in comparative perspective as one of the last major colonial conflicts of the modern era, with the United States and Europe serving as the metropole, and their extension, Israel, operating as a semi-independent settler colony. An important feature of this long war has been the Palestinians' continuing resistance, against heavy odds, to colonial subjugation. Stigmatizing such resistance as “terrorism” has successfully occluded the real history of the past hundred years in Palestine.

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Xia, Jianhong (Cecilia), Colin Arrowsmith, Mervyn Jackson, and William Cartwright. "The wayfinding process relationships between decision-making and landmark utility." Tourism Management 29, no. 3 (2008): 445–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2007.05.010.

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Vicario, Carmelo M. "Landmark Test and Decision Making: A Reply to a Reply." Perception 42, no. 3 (2013): 356–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p7334.

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Dhruva, Sanket S., Steve E. Phurrough, Marcel E. Salive, and Rita F. Redberg. "CMS's Landmark Decision on CT Colonography — Examining the Relevant Data." New England Journal of Medicine 360, no. 26 (2009): 2699–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmp0904408.

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Garbin, Nicolò, Alexander P. Mamunes, Dennis Sohn, Ryan W. Hawkins, Pietro Valdastri, and Keith L. Obstein. "Evaluation of a novel low-cost disposable endoscope for visual assessment of the esophagus and stomach in an ex-vivo phantom model." Endoscopy International Open 07, no. 09 (2019): E1175—E1183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0914-2749.

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Abstract Background and study aims Our academic lab has developed a novel, low-cost, disposable endoscope for assessment of the esophagus and stomach without need for large equipment or complex electronics. Usability and intuitiveness of the platform are unknown. Methods The novel endoscope (NE) consists of a high-definition camera, LED module, and three bellows. Compressed air actuates the bellows, producing camera/LED articulation. Insufflation and lens cleaning ports are present. Video can be displayed on any monitor. Total material costs less than $ 35 US. Five novices, five fellows, and five attendings performed five trials using a conventional endoscope and the NE on an upper tract phantom with six gastric landmarks marked. Outcomes included successful identification and time to landmarks; and intuitiveness (NASA task load index; user comments). Results All landmarks were successfully identified with both endoscopes for all trials (n = 900). Attendings and fellows were quicker with the conventional endoscope when compared to the NE (24.48 v 37.13s; P < 0.01). There was no significant time difference between platforms for novices (P = 0.16). All users found the NE intuitive with low mental and physical demand. Novices reported lower temporal demand and effort when using the NE. Conclusions The NE was easy to maneuver, intuitive, and successful at visualizing gastric landmarks. All users were pleased with the NE drive mechanism and were successful at visualizing the gastric landmarks in a clinically acceptable time. The novel platform has the potential to facilitate rapid, low-cost, diagnostic assessment of the esophagus and stomach in non-traditional settings – facilitating patient management decisions, minimizing encumbrance, and avoiding cross-contamination.

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Ween, Borgny, and Jarl Åsbjørn Jakobsen. "Sharpness and noise in digital chest radiographs, assessed by visual rating." Radiography Open 2, no. 1 (2015): 30–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7577/radopen.1528.

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Missed lung lesions are one of the most frequent causes of malpractice issues, caused by several reasons; among them suboptimal radiography. When radiographers interpret acquired images of a patient, an acceptance or rejection must be decided. When a retake is required, radiographers need to know how to improve the image quality. Improvements in image quality properties as contrast, sharpness and noise often lead to improved perception, which in turn should enable more information to the observer and also allow computer-assisted detection (CAD) to be more successful.Our aim was to create a scoring system of the principal limiting factors sharpness and noise, in a clinical setting, and to determine whether it is possible to agree on image quality on digital chest radiographs. To enable a variation in rating due to body habits, a three-graded scale for each of sharpness and noise were created. Five different anatomical landmarks in each of patients having body sizes lean, normal and large were evaluated by 27 radiographers; totally 810 scores were given.The results showed a high inter-observer agreement with respect to rating grades of both sharpness and noise, independent of projection, anatomical landmark and body habits. The present study is a first step in the development of a scale for assessing sharpness and noise in digital chest radiography. The method of quality assessment might become more valid with increased use. We propose that this study can be followed up by a systematic mentor-guided training program that links perception of image quality to feedback about the image retake decisions if required.

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Underwood, Julie. "Under the Law: Every vote counts — and one vote can make an historic difference." Phi Delta Kappan 100, no. 4 (2018): 66–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031721718815679.

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Many of the most significant U.S. Supreme Court decisions have been decided by just one vote, and these cases hold just as much weight as cases with a unanimous verdict. Julie Underwood provides an overview of some landmark 5-4 decisions with massive implications for K-12 schools in the areas of funding, censorship, desegregation, drug testing, and free speech.

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Shah, B., and E. Hitchens. "Fresh Prest juice: the consequences of the Supreme Court's landmark decision." Trusts & Trustees 20, no. 5 (2014): 469–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tandt/ttu020.

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Oktay, Ozan, Daniel Rueckert, Wenjia Bai, et al. "Stratified Decision Forests for Accurate Anatomical Landmark Localization in Cardiac Images." IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 36, no. 1 (2017): 332–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2016.2597270.

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Moore, Barbara J. "Current Court Decisions Impacting School Practice." Perspectives on School-Based Issues 9, no. 1 (2008): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/sbi9.1.17.

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Abstract Court decisions in special education lawsuits lay the foundation for decisions in Individualized Education Program (IEP) meetings. Recent decisions are reviewed in this article in order that speech-language pathologists and other educators can remain current on judicial trends. Specific cases are landmark for making offers of placement, ensuring the presence of a general education teacher at the IEP meeting, which party bears the burden of proof in a due process hearing, procedural violations and denial of a Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE), and how the courts view a student's lack of progress in terms of a district's obligation to provide FAPE.

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Geerts, Jesse P., Fabian Chersi, Kimberly L. Stachenfeld, and Neil Burgess. "A general model of hippocampal and dorsal striatal learning and decision making." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 49 (2020): 31427–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2007981117.

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Humans and other animals use multiple strategies for making decisions. Reinforcement-learning theory distinguishes between stimulus–response (model-free; MF) learning and deliberative (model-based; MB) planning. The spatial-navigation literature presents a parallel dichotomy between navigation strategies. In “response learning,” associated with the dorsolateral striatum (DLS), decisions are anchored to an egocentric reference frame. In “place learning,” associated with the hippocampus, decisions are anchored to an allocentric reference frame. Emerging evidence suggests that the contribution of hippocampus to place learning may also underlie its contribution to MB learning by representing relational structure in a cognitive map. Here, we introduce a computational model in which hippocampus subserves place and MB learning by learning a “successor representation” of relational structure between states; DLS implements model-free response learning by learning associations between actions and egocentric representations of landmarks; and action values from either system are weighted by the reliability of its predictions. We show that this model reproduces a range of seemingly disparate behavioral findings in spatial and nonspatial decision tasks and explains the effects of lesions to DLS and hippocampus on these tasks. Furthermore, modeling place cells as driven by boundaries explains the observation that, unlike navigation guided by landmarks, navigation guided by boundaries is robust to “blocking” by prior state–reward associations due to learned associations between place cells. Our model, originally shaped by detailed constraints in the spatial literature, successfully characterizes the hippocampal–striatal system as a general system for decision making via adaptive combination of stimulus–response learning and the use of a cognitive map.

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MOCHIZUKI, Ryuugo, and Kazuo ISHII. "2A1-E09 Decision making of mobile robot by road and landmark detection." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2008 (2008): _2A1—E09_1—_2A1—E09_4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2008._2a1-e09_1.

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Bateman, Nicholas D., and Euan A. Sandilands. "European Medicines Evaluation Agency bans dextropropoxyphene: A landmark decision for clinical toxicology?" Clinical Toxicology 47, no. 8 (2009): 782–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15563650903218757.

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Terry, Louise, and Maura Deegan. "Informing clients of risk: Immediate implications of a landmark supreme court decision." British Journal of Midwifery 23, no. 7 (2015): 516–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjom.2015.23.7.516.

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Curtis, Tom. "Special Report: The Miccosukee Case: Utilities Await Landmark Decision from Supreme Court." Journal - American Water Works Association 95, no. 11 (2003): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.2003.tb10487.x.

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Gabriel, Lostun, Guşavan Diana Elena, Genes Ionela, Lostun Alexandra, and Brînzaniuc Klara. "Links Between Surgical Landmarks of the Temporal Bone and Cochlear Implant Approaches." Acta Medica Marisiensis 61, no. 4 (2015): 273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amma-2015-0075.

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AbstractObjective: We aimed to underline the surgical importance of the distances between the landmarks of the temporal bone, important for quantifying the benefits and disadvantages of two different cochlear implant techniques.Methods: We have gathered all data from the Radiology Department in Emergency County Hospital in Tîrgu Mureș, namely computed tomography imagistic studies in order to perform the required measurements, according to pre-defined inclusion/exclusion criteria. The time interval was 5 months.Results: The comparison between the sets of data shows a good match for the risk/benefit ratio for the two types of technique for cochlear implantation.Conclusions: The middle cerebral fossa approach for the electrode insertion into the cochlea is a viable and needed surgical technique as the classic approach has reached its boundaries and new challenges appear. As surgical decisions are largely based on radiology data, our work underlines the importance of solving the borderline pathology, the extreme cases and the role of surgery in improving the quality of life for every patient with cochlear implant indication.

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Mitsunaga, Noriaki, and Minoru Asada. "How a mobile robot selects landmarks to make a decision based on an information criterion." Autonomous Robots 21, no. 1 (2006): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10514-005-5557-2.

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Heyndrickx, Guy R., and Gábor G. Tóth. "The FAME Trials: Impact on Clinical Decision Making." Interventional Cardiology Review 11, no. 2 (2016): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/icr.2016:14:3.

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Careful and stepwise evaluation of the fractional flow reserve (FFR) index has been performed over the years, culminating in the landmark Fractional Flow Reserve Versus Angiography for Multivessel Evaluation (FAME) and Fractional Flow Reserve-Guided Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Plus Optimal Medical Treatment Versus Optimal Medical Treatment Alone in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease (FAME II) trials. Findings from these studies demonstrated unequivocally the overall inadequacy of angiography versus FFR to correctly assess stenosis severity. Thus, proof of concept and clinical applicability was established beyond debate and will be discussed here.

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Orren, Karen. "The Primacy of Labor in American Constitutional Development." American Political Science Review 89, no. 2 (1995): 377–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2082431.

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As demonstrated in landmark decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court, American constitutional development has been fueled since the framing by disputes arising from changing labor relations in both private and public settings. This pattern is explained by the original provisions of the Constitution, the English background of its emergence, and the primacy of labor as a theoretical concept for studying political change. The Court's decisions protecting property express the status quo, the establishment against which transformations proceed. However, the property cases may also be reinterpreted along the lines indicated.

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Bueno de Mesquita, Judith, and Eszter Kismödi. "Maternal mortality and human rights: landmark decision by United Nations human rights body." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 90, no. 2 (2012): 79–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/blt.11.101410.

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MacGrath, Dana C. "Landmark Decision on Arbitral Immunity: The Risk of Sanctions for Lawsuits Against Arbitrators." Alternatives to the High Cost of Litigation 33, no. 9 (2015): 131–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/alt.21601.

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Rahman, Mohammad Shaiyan, and Nadya Wolferstan. "A human right to be detained? Mental healthcare after ‘Savage’ and ‘Rabone'." Psychiatrist 37, no. 9 (2013): 294–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.112.040980.

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SummaryThe UK courts have recently considered the management of suicidal patients in the cases of Savage and Rabone. As a result of these judgments, the case law has extended significantly the responsibilities of mental healthcare providers. In this article we discuss the repercussions of these landmark decisions which are likely to have significant consequences for mental health service providers in the UK.

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Vaughan Williams, Leighton. "Forecasting the decisions of the US Supreme Court: lessons from the ‘affordable care act’ judgment." Journal of Prediction Markets 9, no. 2 (2015): 64–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/jpm.v9i2.1094.

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This paper examines the 2012 US Supreme Court consideration of the Affordable Care Act, and the resulting judgment, with a view to learning what lessons this landmark case can afford us into the way in which the US Supreme Court works, so helping us forecast its decisions. Although this is simply one judgment among many, a case is advanced here that the details of the way that the judgment was made can be used to help arbitrate between conflicting interpretations in the literature as to the way that the US Supreme Court reaches its decisions. It is argued that consideration of this case does provide particular insights which might usefully improve forecasts of future Supreme Court decisions.

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Deakin, Ann K. "Potential of Procedural Knowledge to Enhance Advanced Traveler Information Systems." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1573, no. 1 (1997): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1573-06.

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The closure of a portion of the Santa Monica Freeway following the 1994 Northridge earthquake afforded the opportunity to study the behavior of motorists as they found their way around the collapsed bridges along alternate and detour routes. In this study, 502 motorists, many of whom were displaced from the damaged Santa Monica Freeway, responded to a mailed questionnaire asking about changes in travel patterns, factors affecting alternate route choice, way-finding strategies used, difficulty in following alternate routes, attitudes toward the neighborhoods containing alternate routes, and attitudinal changes regarding the risk of traveling city freeways. A factor analysis of the responses revealed a procedural knowledge factor, indicating that motorists found landmarks, street signs, and written directions to be helpful aids in following alternate and detour routes. Procedural knowledge, the stored sequence of decisions about how to get from one place to another, is part of the spatial knowledge acquisition process. It is suggested that cues supporting a procedural level of knowledge could be used to enhance Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS). Alternate and detour route information could include more emphasis on landmarks and street signs and be conveyed in the form of written or verbal directions.

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Kawadza, Herbert. "Attacks on the Judiciary: Undercurrents of a Political versus Legal Constitutionalism Dilemma?" Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal 21 (July 2, 2018): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2018/v21i0a1696.

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A number of landmark judicial review decisions and the resultant political backlash are arguably to supportive of the claim that political and legal constitutionalism are entrenched in South Africa. The common thread in the legislature and executive's reaction to judicial review decisions is that government supremacy is under threat from legal constitutionalism. More specifically, there is a perception that courts are meddling in the political space through judgments that are aimed at weakening the government's authority and power. Nonetheless, such decisions have had an effect of reinforcing the judiciary's legal constitutional role of reviewing the lawfulness of the other branches' activities. There is need for strategies to minimize this tension as the continued antagonism can have unintended consequences such as the delegitimisation of the judiciary 

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Castro, Margarita Paz, Chiara Piacentini, Andre Augusto Cire, and J. Christopher Beck. "Solving Delete Free Planning with Relaxed Decision Diagram Based Heuristics." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 67 (March 19, 2020): 607–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.1.11659.

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We investigate the use of relaxed decision diagrams (DDs) for computing admissible heuristics for the cost-optimal delete-free planning (DFP) problem. Our main contributions are the introduction of two novel DD encodings for a DFP task: a multivalued decision diagram that includes the sequencing aspect of the problem and a binary decision diagram representation of its sequential relaxation. We present construction algorithms for each DD that leverage these different perspectives of the DFP task and provide theoretical and empirical analyses of the associated heuristics. We further show that relaxed DDs can be used beyond heuristic computation to extract delete-free plans, find action landmarks, and identify redundant actions. Our empirical analysis shows that while DD-based heuristics trail the state of the art, even small relaxed DDs are competitive with the linear programming heuristic for the DFP task, thus, revealing novel ways of designing admissible heuristics.

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Lee, Il. "Korea’s Landmark Case for Improving the Legal Process for Asylum Seekers." Korean Journal of International and Comparative Law 3, no. 2 (2015): 171–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134484-12340057.

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The purpose of this article is to analyze the principle of non-refoulement as applied in four important recent Korea court decisions regarding the asylum-seeking process at ports of entry. Incheon District Court decision 2014 Gu-Hab 30385 and Seoul High Court decision 2014 Nu 52093 concern a non-referral decision; Inchon District Court decision 2014 In 39 concerns illegal airport detention; and Constitutional Court decision 2014 Heon-Ra 592 concerns the right to counsel. In these cases, the courts ordered changes to the previous detention and deportation system and recognized the right to counsel by asylum applicants at ports of entry. As the Korean refugee status determination process is biased towards denying entry to unwelcome foreigners and biased against recognizing refugees, it is important to recognize the duty of the government to develop a better system at ports of entry in order to prevent the unjustified deportation of asylum seekers back to their country of origin.

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Guay, Kevin T. "The Landmark Decision of Harrison v. Laveen: Arizona Indians and the Right to Vote." Journal of the Southwest 62, no. 3 (2020): 586–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jsw.2020.0018.

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Zhou, Sha, Run Wang, Junhua Ding, et al. "An approach for computing routes without complicated decision points in landmark-based pedestrian navigation." International Journal of Geographical Information Science 33, no. 9 (2019): 1829–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2019.1603387.

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