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1
Ross, Jason. "The Declaration of Independence and the crisis of American identity." Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2008. http://worldcat.org/oclc/453941683/viewonline.
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Kahn, Verity Rebecca. "An American cosmogony : the mythical dimension of the Declaration of Independence." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2017. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=235987.
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The Declaration of Independence commands a special status in American culture. For this reason, it has often been called mythic by Revolutionary historians and scholars of the Declaration alike. Such characterisations tend to be hastily made and pejorative, but the Declaration of Independence takes on a new significance when the characterisation of the Declaration as myth is studied seriously. For Americans, the Declaration serves both a specific and beneficial function which the mere naming of it as myth fails to identify. This identification of the Declaration as myth is one that draws specifically on ideas of the birth of the American nation and the role its authors had in creating that nation. Nowhere is this more obvious than the Declaration's continued use in American political rhetoric today which demonstrates its ever-constant presence as a living document. This understanding of the Declaration has heretofore remained unexplored. By taking the Declaration of Independence seriously as myth, this study looks to both identify the story of the myth of the Declaration and its function in American society by applying to it a theory of myth.
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Farshee, Louis M. (Louis Michael). "The United States' Recognition of Israel: Determinant Factors in American Foreign Policy." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500365/.
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This thesis examines the critical factors leading to the 1948 decision by the United States government to extend recognition to the newly declared State of Israel. In the first of five chapters the literature on the recognition of Israel is discussed. Chapter II presents the theoretical foundation of the thesis by tracing the development of Charles Kegley's decision regime framework. Also discussed is the applicability of bureaucratic structure theory and K. J. Holsti's hierarchy of objectives. Chapters III and IV present the empirical history of this case, each closing with a chapter summary. The final chapter demonstrates the relevance and validity of the theoretical framework to the case and closes with a call for further research into the processes of foreign policy decision-making.
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Hefner, Cody Nicholas. "An Evocation of the Revolution: The Paintings of John Trumbull and the Perception of the American Revolution." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1259821977.
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Alberici, Thomas Anthony. "The untied state United States policy, Puerto Rican independence, and the independence movement /." Click here for download, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1495953601&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3260&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Venable, Carol Frances. "An analysis of auditor independence and its determinants." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184416.
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This study analyzes the concept of auditor independence and develops a theoretical model for examining an auditor's independence and the methods that can be used to assess, instill and maintain independence. In addition, this research reports the results of an empirical test of a portion of the model. In this work, independence is described as a multifaceted concept that includes both independence in appearance and independence in fact. By incorporating literatures from economics and sociology, relationships between these two forms of independence are developed to show that the observable structures and behaviors of the profession (independence in appearance) form the basis for implying the level of an individual auditor's independence (independence in fact). In this context, independence is operationally defined as: an auditor's perceived right to make audit judgments free from client and firm influences. The model further suggests that the observable structures of the profession form the socialization contexts for an individual's professional development. A survey of newly hired employees from five national accounting firms was conducted to examine the multidimensional aspects of auditor independence and the link between educational socialization processes and professional development. The results provide some support for the theoretical model and provide a basis for refining the linkages between educational socialization and professional development.
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Karagiannis, Anastasios. "The social-historical context of special education and mainstreaming in the United States from independence to 1990." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39780.
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This investigation explored special education and mainstreaming in the social-historical context of U.S. general formal public education and society from the American Revolution to 1990. Its main purpose was to examine the obstacles to and prospects of 'purposeful' mainstreaming in this wider context. First, special education was placed in the context of general education and society. Second, the objectives of general education were viewed historically to examine the influence of evolving societal conditions on special education. Third, the outcomes of PL 94-142 (Education for All Handicapped Children Act) from its passage to the late 1980s were explored in conjunction with the various models and practices of mainstreaming. Fourth, the meaning of the 1980s' 'excellence' reforms were scrutinized. It was found that: (1) the concept of 'society as primarily an economic entity' has had a decisive influence on the objectives of U.S. formal education and special education; (2) special education has functioned mainly as a means of educational amelioration and social control; (3) there have been three major waves of reform in special education arrangements in U.S. history--in the first two waves the element of social control outlasted the element of educational remediation; (4) the latest wave of special education reform, led primarily by the federal government and corporate business and targeting disadvantaged students and their families, has commenced since the 1960s; and (5) the principal mode of reform for the latest wave appears to be 'interagency collaboration' which has inherent elements of educational improvement and social control. Implications of these findings for 'purposeful' mainstreaming are discussed. Based on the suggestion that the obstacles to mainstreaming be situated in the wider social-historical context of the U.S. society, several recommendations are given for strategic planning and more meaningful reform.
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Strohm, Christiane Watrin Christoph. "United States and European Union auditor independence regulation implications for regulators and auditing practice /." Wiesbaden : Deutscher Universitäts-Verlag, 2006. http://site.ebrary.com/id/10231815.
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Maxwell, Nancy Kouyoumjian. "Hungering for Independence: The Relationship between Food and Morale in the Continental Army, 1775-1783." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849718/.
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An adequate supply of the right kinds of foods is critical to an army's success on the march and on the battlefield. Good food supplies and a dire lack of provisions have profound effects on the regulation, confidence, esprit de corps, and physical state of an army. The American War of Independence (1775-1783) provides a challenging case study of this principle. The relationship between food and troop morale has been previously discussed as just one of many factors that contributed to the success of the Continental Army, but has not been fully explored as a single issue in its own right. I argue that despite the failures of three provisioning system adopted by the Continental Congress - the Commissariat, the state system of specific supplies, and the contract system - the army did keep up its morale and achieve the victory that resulted in independence from Great Britain. The evidence reveals that despite the poor provisioning, the American army was fed in the field for eight years thanks largely to its ability to forage for its food. This foraging system, if it can be called a system, was adequate to sustain morale and perseverance.
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Sauder, Muhlfeld Sharon M. "Ambiguous alliances: Native American efforts to preserve independence in the Ohio Valley, 1768-1795." W&M ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623331.
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"Ambiguous Alliances" examines the revolutionary era in the Ohio Valley from a Native American perspective. Rather than simply considering them as British pawns or troublesome mischief-makers, this account describes how Wyandots, Shawnees, Ottawas, Delawares, Miamis, and their native neighbors made decisions about war and peace, established alliances with Europeans, Americans, and distant Indian nations, and charted specific strategies for their political and cultural survival. They also suffered devastating personal and property loss and encountered significant disruption to their societal routines. Yet much about their daily lives remained unchanged, and their communities continued to foster a strong Indian identity.;This dissertation explores native objectives for the period 1768--1795, specifically looking at what the various nations were hoping to accomplish in their relationships with the British and the Americans. While preserving land and sovereignty were the Indians' clearest aims, this study also emphasizes that the underlying goal of protecting their rights and property was to retain their cultural distinctiveness. Furthermore, these twin objectives were inextricably linked. The Indians' ability to remain viable diplomatic partners with the Europeans depended on the maintenance of their landed independence.;Along with analyzing native objectives, this dissertation discusses Indian strategies to attain these goals and looks at how the Revolution assisted or hampered their execution. Some tribes actively recruited British or American allies; some attempted to remain neutral; others endeavored to form a united Indian front; and still others alternately extended their allegiance to both parties in an effort to secure both autonomy and protection.;Despite its heavy emphasis on native alliances and military maneuvers, this work also examines the Revolution's challenges to the rhythms of daily life. In addition to physical destruction, wartime agendas altered native.economic patterns and sometimes even invaded cultural practices, threatening to constrict gender roles for women or to prevent nations from adopting captives to replace their deceased relatives. Although the era's disruptions brought emotional distress, physical displacement, and political ambiguity, the tribes persisted in sustaining both their daily existence and their national identities.
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Strohm, Christiane. "United States and European Union auditor independence regulation : implications for regulators and auditing practice /." Wiesbaden : Deutscher Universität-Verlag, 2006. http://www.springerlink.com/content/q67226/.
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Pompeian, Edward P. "Spirited enterprises : Venezuela, the United States, and the independence of Spanish America, 1789-1823." W&M ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539720308.
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"Spirited Enterprises: Venezuela, the United States, and the Independence of Spanish America, 1789-1823," argues that economic interests caused merchants and politicians in the United States to withhold diplomatic recognition from Spanish America's struggling revolutionary governments after 1810. It demonstrates how traditional interpretations of early U.S.-Latin American relations---based on ideological and diplomatic sources---fail to account for a highly important and influential decade of trans-Atlantic trade between the United States and the Spanish Empire during the tumultuous Age of Revolution.;This dissertation focuses on a case study of the multi-lateral trade and commercial networks that flourished between the United States and the Spanish colonial provinces of Venezuela, especially during and immediately after the crucial era of comercio neutral (neutral trade) between 1797 and 1808. It argues that trade between late-colonial Venezuela. and the United States was a forge of transcultural relations, and explores how commercial networks of traders, government officials, and diplomats influenced the decisions of policymakers in both regions.;U.S. merchants and traders helped sustain Spanish imperial commercial networks in Venezuela and the Spanish Caribbean. Shipping foodstuffs, arms, re-exported European manufactures, and slaves to the Spanish colonies were profitable enterprises for neutral U.S. traders. Through private negotiations and even Spanish-government contracts, partnerships between Venezuelan and U.S. merchants provided the shipping tonnage and merchandise that Spanish officials and colonial elites needed most to maintain their rule and to fend off the challenges of economic and environmental crises, slave conspiracies, and revolutionary plots before 1810.;Using period newspapers and books, mercantile correspondence, Spanish imperial archives, and the colonial records of the Caracas City Council, Consulado, and Venezuelan Intendancy, this dissertation highlights the enterprises of those who profited from sustaining the Spanish Empire in its frail and debilitated state. Whether they had prospered from or merely survived the commercial revolutions that shook the Atlantic World after 1789, all merchants and traders calculated the economic consequences of South American independence and encouraged their contemporaries to do so too.
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Chew, Richard Smith. "The measure of independence: From the American Revolution to the market revolution in the mid -Atlantic." W&M ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623395.
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This study explores the social and economic changes in the mid-Atlantic region generally, and Baltimore City and its hinterlands specifically, between the late colonial period and the dawn of the Jacksonian era. Baltimore foundered as a colonial entrepot until wheat emerged as an important export commodity in the 1740s. Between the mid-1740s and the 1770s, the town grew steadily within the British mercantilist world. its trade was deeply dependent on Atlantic commerce, its social structure reflected the mercantile orientation of the town and the staunchly deferential colonial household economy. The Revolution threatened to overturn this world with the promise of free trade and the possibility that the new republic could remake the Atlantic world, but this promise flickered out with the return of European mercantilist restrictions and hard times in the 1780s. Thereafter, merchants abandoned their revolutionary ambitions and re-established old commercial ties within the British Empire. Artisans sought to strengthen the ties that bound together workers to workshops in the colonial period, and preserve the deferential social order. Thus instead of making a clean break from the colonial to the early national after the war, Baltimore and the mid-Atlantic entered a postcolonial period in which merchants and artisans forged a neomercantilist mentalite to perpetuate much of the traditional social and economic order of colonial America.;The postcolonial period continued until the Bank of England suspended specie payments in 1797. This triggered a financial panic in the Atlantic world, and caused the return of hard times to Baltimore and the mid-Atlantic. Economic misfortune encouraged a reorientation of the town's social and economic life away from the Atlantic world and towards the backcountry and the frontier beyond. America thus moved from the postcolonial to the early national. After 1800, merchants and artisans sought to establish market ties to the backcountry by investing in manufactories, turnpike companies, banks, and western newspapers. These trends were accelerated by the Embargo of 1807, and by 1812, a nascent manufacturing class had emerged. This transformation came at a price. Without technological improvements to augment productivity, manufacturers achieved economies of scale by squeezing more labor from their workers, thus destroying the deferential bonds that held together the household economy and the colonial social order. The urban transition from workshop to manufactory was therefore chaotic, and eventually led to the Baltimore riots of 1812, the largest and most violent the country had ever witnessed.
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Kim, Jiwon. "Syngman Rhee's efforts in the United States to promote Korean independence from 1904 to 1945." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44961.
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This study examines Syngman Rhee's activities in the United States, from 1904 to 1945, as he tried to gain independence for Korea. Rhee was a prominent Korean nationalist, anti-communist, and first President of South Korea. Chapter One (1904-1918) examines how Rhee began his fight for Korean independence after consequential events in Korean history. Chapter Two (1919-1938) looks at Rhee's activities as a principal leader of Korean independence from 1919 to 1938. After the March First Movement in Korea in 1919, he became the President of the Korean Provisional Government and concentrated his efforts on diplomacy and propaganda in the United States. Chapter Three (1939-1945) focuses on Rhee's efforts for the recognition of the Korean Provisional Government and the guarantee of Korean independence immediately after the war. In addition, the chapter examines why Rhee started to fight against Russian aggression toward Korea. Chapter Four (after 1945) briefly examines Rhee' s continuous fight for Korean independence against Russian communism, after he returned to Korea. As this thesis concludes, Rhee's long struggle for Korean independence greatly contributed to the establishment of a democratic South Korea.
Master of Arts
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Holdzkom, Marianne. "Two paths to independence : John and Samuel Adams and the coming of the American Revolution." Virtual Press, 1988. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/539808.
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The purpose of this thesis was to come to a better understanding of the American mind at the time of the Revolution through biography. Through the use of primary and secondary sources, John and Samuel Adams were used as case studies. John represented the faction in favor of a rigid hierarchy and a natural aristocracy. Samuel represented the artisans and farmers who were fighting for democracy and equality in government. The thesis also discussed the differences between the Adams chapter two, the cousins' backgrounds and respective involvement in the Revolution were discussed. Chapter three was a discussion of the similarities between the Adams cousins. In chapter four, the fundamental differences between John and Samuel were discussed, differences that became apparent during the revolution. cousins and the men they represented. Ultimately by 1800, the new nation had left the cousins behind. The thesis concluded that the Adamses made massive contributions to the revolution, reflecting the eighteenth century American mind and contributing to the establishment of our ultimate form of government.Department of History
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Thomas, Isaac L. "Auditor Independence in the United States and the Efficacy of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1154.
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This paper discusses the history of auditor independence in the United States and the regulation of the public accounting profession over time. Special emphasis is put on the increasing importance that regulators have placed on the perception of auditor independence and on its effectiveness. Next, I analyze the efficacy of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and provide several reasons for its shortcomings. Finally, I provide two distinct suggestions aimed at improving the current audit landscape.
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Lee, Pak-tsun. "The late Qing revolutionaries' understanding of the American War of Independence Qing mo ge ming pai dui Meiguo du li ge ming de ren shi /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31951399.
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Linton, Cynthia A. "Perspectives on Executive power: Legislative vs. Presidential War Powers in the United States." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1763.
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Weigold, Auriol, and n/a. "The Case against India : British propaganda in the United States, 1942." University of Canberra. Communication, 1997. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050329.125041.
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British propaganda, delivered in the United States against immediate self-government for India in 1942, was efficiently and effectively organised. British propaganda was not adventitious. It was deliberate. The chief protagonists were Churchill and Roosevelt. Churchill's success in retaining control of government in India depended on convincing the President that there was no viable alternative.
This the Prime Minister did in two ways. Firstly, his propaganda organization targetted pro-British groups in America with access to
Roosevelt. Secondly, it discredited Indian nationalist leadership.
Churchill's success also depended on Sir Stafford Cripps' loyalty to Whitehall and to the Government of India after his Mission in March 1942 failed to reach agreement with the Indian leaders. Cripps tailored his account of the breakdown of negotiations to fit the British propaganda line. Convincing American public opinion and, through it the President, that colonial government should remain in British hands, also depended on the right mix of censorship and press freedom in India.
Britain's need to mount a propaganda campaign in the United States indicated its dual agenda: its war-related determination to maintain and increase American aid, and its longer term aim to
retain control of its empire.
Despite strong American support for isolationism, given legal status in the 1930s Neutrality Acts, Roosevelt was Britain's supportive friend and its ally. Britain, nonetheless, felt sufficiently threatened by the anti-imperial thrust of the Lend Lease Act and
the Atlantic Charter, to develop propaganda to persuade the American public and its President that granting Indian selfgovernment in 1942 was inappropriate.
The case for a propaganda campaign was made stronger by Roosevelt's constant pressure on Britaln from mid-1941 to reach a political settlement with India. Pressure was also brought to bear by the Congress Party as the price for its war-related cooperation, by China, and by the Labour Party in Britain. Japan's success in
Singapore and Burma made strategists briefly assess that India might be the next target. Stable and cooperative government there was as much in America's interest as Britain's.
The idea that Roosevelt might intervene in India to secure a measure of self-government there constantly worried Churchill. In turn this motivated the Foreign Office, the Ministry of Information, the India Office, the Government of India and the British Embassy in Washington to develop propaganda based, firstly, on the official explanation for the failure of the Cripps Mission and, secondly. on the elements of the August 1942 Quit India resolution which could
be presented as damaging to allied war aims.
The perceived danger to Britain's India-related agenda, however, did not end with substantive threats. The volatility of the American press and the President's susceptibility to it in framing policy were more unpredictable. Britain met both threats by targetting friends with access to Roosevelt, sympathetic broadcasters and pro-British sections of the press. Each had
shown support for Britain during the Lend Lease debates.
Britain, however, could never assume that it had won the propaganda battle or that Roosevelt would not intervene polltically on nationalist India's behalf. Roosevelt continued during 1942
and beyond to let Indian leaders know of his interest in their struggle, and information received from his Mission in New Delhi and from unofficial informants in India gave him a view of events there which differed markedly from the British account. Just as nationalist India was unsure about America's intentions, so was
Britain.
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Danczyk-Hawley, Carolyn E. "Examining the Progression of Disability Benefits Among Employees in the United States." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1159.
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The following project is a compilation of three separate articles all utilizing a database extracted from the UNUM/Provident Life Insurance Company, including all consecutive short-term disability (STD) claims filed with UNUM from January 1, 1994 to December 31, 1996 from claimants who were also insured for long-term disability (LTD) by UNUM. The resulting sample includes 77,297 claims.The results of these studies are part of a larger investigation that documented the Progression of Disability Benefits (PODB) phenomenon. PODB refers to the migration of workers with work-limiting disabilities through a system of economic benefits resulting in their placement onto Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI). Claimant and employer demographics were found to influence the PODB. The following articles study three unique ways in which the PODB measure can be informative.The first of the articles tracts the experience of 400 individuals with neurological impairments through the PODB, and compares them with a general disability population on key demographic characteristics. In general, it is found that persons with neurological conditions have greater progression on to advanced disability levels than other types of disabilities. Individual claimants are also younger and male.The second article explores the relationship of integrated disability management(IDM) practices with PODB. It proposes that while the efficacy of IDM programs has been measured by the bottom line, that PODB can be used as an additional tool to assess effectiveness of DM programs. It finds that employers with higher levels of IDM activity will experience a reduced PODB rating.The third and final article examines one industry, Healthcare. It studies how demographics can be used to predict claimant industry as well as PODB performance. Findings reveal that men were more likely to move on to advanced disability benefits while workers in the Healthcare industry were less likely to move on to advanced statuses than employees in other industries. Furthermore, disability type is the greatest predictor of PODB, followed by age for all but one category in which employment sector was the next predictor of PODB. This finding leads to questions regarding how the workplace may contribute to disability and the PODB.
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Smith, Charles Anthony. "Credible commitments and the avoidance of war : the role of the judiciary in emerging federations and re-emerging nations /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3130205.
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Diamonds, Herman Pule. "US foreign policy toward Southern Africa - 1975 to 1990: the case of the Namibian Independence struggle." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5719_1256719748.
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This study, in contrast to contemporary held views relating to the US policy premises, aimed to look at the inherent disabilities and inconsistencies of the policies of succesive Washington administrations. More so, it investigated the US interventionist strategies to perceived threats from communist regimes and their allies, especially in Southern Africa. To be able to embark on such an investigation, Namibia and the Soviet-Cuban involvement in Southern Africa were selected as a special focus of this study
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Nolan, Christopher M. "War and contentment : Dedham, Massachusetts and the military aspect of the War for Independence, 1775-1781." Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1045640.
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Using a wealth of secondary and primary sources; such as town records, diaries, tax valuations, and genealogical data, this project will attempt to shed light on the reaction of Dedham, Massachusetts, and its middle class, to military service during the American Revolution. Although extremely responsive during the opening months of the war, Dedham's middle class became reluctant to contribute its fathers and sons to the military cause when the war moved outside of their periphery, and for good reason, they needed them back home. This study determined that the lack of zeal on the part of the town's middle class was part and parcel of historical, economical, and political factors that combined to keep the fathers and sons of Dedham from serving in the war. Although declining to serve in the Continental Army, Dedham was able to continue its support for the war effort by hiring others to do the fighting for them.Department of History
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Noah, Philip D. Jr. "A qualitative meta-analysis of the diffusion of mandated and subsidized technology| United States energy security and independence." Thesis, Robert Morris University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3599889.
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The purpose of this research project was to explore what the core factors are that play a role in the development of the smart-grid. This research study examined The Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007 as it pertains to the smart-grid, the economic and security effects of the smart grid, and key factors for its success. The methodology used for this research study is based on a qualitative meta-analysis, multiple case analysis, and text analysis. Secondary data in the form of journal articles were used as the data for this study. Five to six articles on the smart grid, nuclear power, and cellular communication were synthesized to produce a smart gird case, a nuclear case, and a cellular communication case. An interruptive analysis and text analysis was used to create the synthesis. The three cases were analyzed using a multiple case study approach combined with a text analysis to produce a list of possible key factors for the smart grid. This research project found that the core issues (factors) for the smart grid can be categorized into the following five categories; economic, public policy, technology, regulatory, and safety/security. Key terms in each of the core issues were identified and used to answer the research question. The conclusions reached are that consumers will need to use assistive technologies to manage electrical use and to take advantage of dynamic pricing. Furthermore, the Federal Government will have to ensure that open standards are used for the smart grid, and that devices and protocols at all levels of the grid are secured against cyber-attack. Finally, the Federal Government needs to take a more free market approach to smart grid, especially concerning renewable resources. The market should dictate what mix of power generation is used to create an economically viable electric system. Natural gas, nuclear, solar, wind, and geothermal all should compete on a level playing field. With an estimated cost of over $2 trillion and 20 years to implement, there will be only one change to get it right. Limitations of the study include the use of only two comparative domains with the one domain under investigation, the use of a third domain would help to refine and better validate the findings of the study. The exploratory and interpretive nature of the research along with the use of a developing methodology required the researcher to use judgment about how to best analyze the data in a systematic way. The results of this research study not only contributes to the body of academic knowledge but is also a guide for policy makers and consumers who must wrestle with the effects the smart grid will have on the economy, national security, and daily life.
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Mudd, Nathanael L. "Independence and Obedience: The First Five Years of the Fathers of Mercy in the United States of America." Athenaeum of Ohio / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=athe1630316420111196.
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Rey, Diana. "A Gasoline Demand Model for the United States Light Vehicle Fleet." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2351.
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The United States is the world's largest oil consumer demanding about twenty five percent of the total world oil production. Whenever there are difficulties to supply the increasing quantities of oil demanded by the market, the price of oil escalates leading to what is known as oil price spikes or oil price shocks. The last oil price shock which was the longest sustained oil price run up in history, began its course in year 2004, and ended in 2008. This last oil price shock initiated recognizable changes in transportation dynamics: transit operators realized that commuters switched to transit as a way to save gasoline costs, consumers began to search the market for more efficient vehicles leading car manufactures to close 'gas guzzlers' plants, and the government enacted a new law entitled the Energy Independence Act of 2007, which called for the progressive improvement of the fuel efficiency indicator of the light vehicle fleet up to 35 miles per gallon in year 2020. The past trend of gasoline consumption will probably change; so in the context of the problem a gasoline consumption model was developed in this thesis to ascertain how some of the changes will impact future gasoline demand. Gasoline demand was expressed in oil equivalent million barrels per day, in a two steps Ordinary Least Square (OLS) explanatory variable model. In the first step, vehicle miles traveled expressed in trillion vehicle miles was regressed on the independent variables: vehicles expressed in million vehicles, and price of oil expressed in dollars per barrel. In the second step, the fuel consumption in million barrels per day was regressed on vehicle miles traveled, and on the fuel efficiency indicator expressed in miles per gallon. The explanatory model was run in EVIEWS that allows checking for normality, heteroskedasticty, and serial correlation. Serial correlation was addressed by inclusion of autoregressive or moving average error correction terms. Multicollinearity was solved by first differencing. The 36 year sample series set (1970-2006) was divided into a 30 years sub-period for calibration and a 6 year "hold-out" sub-period for validation. The Root Mean Square Error or RMSE criterion was adopted to select the "best model" among other possible choices, although other criteria were also recorded. Three scenarios for the size of the light vehicle fleet in a forecasting period up to 2020 were created. These scenarios were equivalent to growth rates of 2.1, 1.28, and about 1 per cent per year. The last or more optimistic vehicle growth scenario, from the gasoline consumption perspective, appeared consistent with the theory of vehicle saturation. One scenario for the average miles per gallon indicator was created for each one of the size of fleet indicators by distributing the fleet every year assuming a 7 percent replacement rate. Three scenarios for the price of oil were also created: the first one used the average price of oil in the sample since 1970, the second was obtained by extending the price trend by exponential smoothing, and the third one used a longtime forecast supplied by the Energy Information Administration. The three scenarios created for the price of oil covered a range between a low of about 42 dollars per barrel to highs in the low 100's. The 1970-2006 gasoline consumption trend was extended to year 2020 by ARIMA Box-Jenkins time series analysis, leading to a gasoline consumption value of about 10 millions barrels per day in year 2020. This trend line was taken as the reference or baseline of gasoline consumption. The savings that resulted by application of the explanatory variable OLS model were measured against such a baseline of gasoline consumption. Even on the most pessimistic scenario the savings obtained by the progressive improvement of the fuel efficiency indicator seem enough to offset the increase in consumption that otherwise would have occurred by extension of the trend, leaving consumption at the 2006 levels or about 9 million barrels per day. The most optimistic scenario led to savings up to about 2 million barrels per day below the 2006 level or about 3 millions barrels per day below the baseline in 2020. The "expected" or average consumption in 2020 is about 8 million barrels per day, 2 million barrels below the baseline or 1 million below the 2006 consumption level. More savings are possible if technologies such as plug-in hybrids that have been already implemented in other countries take over soon, are efficiently promoted, or are given incentives or subsidies such as tax credits. The savings in gasoline consumption may in the future contribute to stabilize the price of oil as worldwide demand is tamed by oil saving policy changes implemented in the United States.M.S.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Civil Engineering MS
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Paquin, Jonathan. "Recognizing the obvious? : the United States response to secessionist ambitions since the end of the Cold War." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102822.
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This dissertation explores the factors shaping American foreign policy toward secessionist crises since the end of the Cold War. The main research puzzle is the following: Why is it that, facing the resurgence of secessionist movements in the last 15 years, the United States reacted to it by supporting the territorial integrity of central states in some cases (Serbia, Somalia, Moldova), while recognizing the independence of secessionist states in other cases (Croatia, Eritrea, East Timor)? How can this apparent inconsistency be explained? This dissertation argues that regional stability is the main U.S. interest when responding to secessionism. It asserts that, when facing a secessionist crisis, the American government will choose the option (i.e. supporting state integrity or secessionism) that provides the greatest expected gain of regional stability depending on the evolution of the crisis. This explains why the American government's response to secessionism fluctuates from one case to another.The performed qualitative analysis, which includes cases taken from two regional settings, the Balkans and the Horn of Africa, confirms the effect of the regional stability factor on the formulation of U.S. foreign policy. It shows that the fluctuation of the U.S. response is not caused by political inconsistency but by a coherent set of regional stability interests. The research also proceeds to the measurement of two competing arguments---namely ethnic politics and business interests. Case studies show that these domestic arguments fail to account for the research puzzle under investigation and that the regional stability argument consistently offers better explanations and predictions. Thus, this dissertation challenges liberal claims that domestic politics define foreign policy.
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Steed, Steve A. (Steve Alan). "An Empirical Study of the Effectiveness of Independence Discrimination Resulting from the Application of Aicpa Ethical Interpretation 101-3--Accounting Services." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331654/.
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Interpretation 101-3 of the AICPA Code of Professional Ethics provides four independence requirements for certified public accountants performing bookkeeping services. As such, these requirements are largely thought of as rules requiring compliance. The purpose of this study was to provide empirical evidence related to the question, "Can the guidelines in Interpretation 101-3 be effectively interpreted?" Accordingly, the research objectives were twofold: (1) to make an estimate of the effectiveness of independence discrimination resulting from the use of Interpretation 101-3 , and (2) to identify variables related to differences in CPAs' judgements of impairment and non-impairment of CPA independence in situations covered by Interpretation 101-3. The research methodology for this study was based on a case approach. Twelve situations developed from analysis of Interpretation 101-3 and discussions with practitioners were organized into twenty-four cases in which a CPA firm provided a variety of accounting services. These twenty-four cases were divided into two case sets of twelve cases each and then combined with two cases from a previous study by David Lavin. These cases were submitted to an expert panel for validation as to their relationship to Interpretation 101-3, and a predetermined "correct" judgement was established for use in analysis. A mail survey of the licensees of the Texas State Board of Public Accountancy was used for collecting data. The CPAs were provided with a copy of Interpretation 101-3 and asked to base their judgements exclusively on the standard. Hypothesis testing was used to determine the effectiveness of the independence discrimination resulting from the use of Interpretation 101-3. Statistical models were developed for evaluating differences in the effectiveness of independence discrimination and differences in the CPAs' judgements themselves.
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Kazik, Cory Michael. "The Changing Dynamic of the U.S.-Japan Security Alliance and Changes in Japanese Security Policy." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33043.
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Beginning in the 1990s, the United States and Japan began redefining their
bilateral security alliance. This redefinition also prompted Japan to change its security
policies. To what extent and in what ways have changes in the U.S.-Japan security
alliance contributed to these changes? I argue that these changes are the result of
negotiations of the Japan-U.S. Joint Declaration on Security Alliance for the 21st
Century, signed on April 17, 1996, and the occurrence of an exogenous event. I also
argue that the negotiated changes only progress to a certain point, at which time an
exogenous event acts as a catalyst to continue change. I examine two cases of policy
change associated with exogenous events (the U.S.-led invasion of Afghanistan and the
2003 North Korea Missile Crisis). Finally, I summarize my results that Japan was able to
change its security policies through negotiations and through a series of systematic steps that follow a consistent trajectory of change; but exogenous events have continued the
change that started as a result of the negotiations and the systematic steps.Master of Arts
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Mayo-Bobee, Dinah. "Book Review of “Black Patriots and Loyalists: Fighting for Emancipation in the War for Independence”." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/726.
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Shu, Wei-Der. "Transforming national identity in the diaspora an identity formation approach to biographies of activists affiliated with the Taiwan Independence Movement in the United States /." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
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Deede, Sara Elizabeth. "Activism and Identity: How Korea's Independence Movement Shaped the Korean Immigrant Experience in America, 1905-1945." PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/174.
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The Korean Independence Movement was a four decades long endeavor from 1905 to 1945 by Koreans to liberate Korea from Japanese colonization. Korean immigrants in America played a vital role in the movement. They contributed money, organized patriotic activities in their communities to raise awareness and issued appeals for support to the U.S. government. Throughout the years, and from generation to generation, Korean immigrants remained loyal to Korea's cause for liberation. This study discusses how this intense patriotic involvement to their homeland affected Koreans immigrants' experiences in America, namely, how such intense overseas nationalism shaped their Americanization process. Korean immigrants have told about their experiences in the form of memoirs, short narratives, interviews and speeches. These provide many first-person perspectives from which to understand Korean immigrants' changing senses of community, patriotism and acculturation. Many of these sources have come available in the last twenty years, but academic scholars have left these source largely untouched. Historians of Korean immigrant history often discuss the political components of the K.I.M. Although recognizing the importance of the Korean Independence Movement to Korean immigrants, scholars have, nonetheless, said very little as to how this movement affected them socially. This study examines how America influenced historical developments culturally by shaping the attitudes of Korea's most politically active nationalists--the Korean immigrants in America. Furthermore, this study argues that Koreans in America utilized the K.I.M. for much more than Korean independence and that their motives evolved throughout the decades. The early immigrants used the K.I.M. as a means to establish a Korean community and establish social networks while the later activists, particularly after 1919, used their demonstrations to broadcast their distinct Asian identity as well as their assimilation and loyalty to America. More simply put, Korean patriotism and Korean immigrant "Americanization," are intimately connected.
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Cowley, John. "Music & migration : aspects of black music in the British Caribbean, the United States, and Britain, before the independence of Jamaica and Trinidad & Tobago." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1992. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/34726/.
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While there have been a number of publications in the last few years that describe the origins and progression of the reggae from Jamaica, much less attention has been given to other popuiar forms of black music from the English-spealdng West Indies. A particular omission is the nineteenth-century background to such evolutions. The primary objective of this study is to address this lacuna and to explore dynamics of continuity and change in these musical developments.
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Johnson, Phillip M. "Casting Off the Shadow: Tactical Air Command from Air Force Independence to the Vietnam War." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1398949297.
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Uusitalo, A. (Ari). "Hyvästit, potkut vaiko lobbauksen hedelmä?:Yhdysvaltain suhtautuminen Filippiinien itsenäisyyskysymykseen ja sen ratkaisuun 1929–1934." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2015. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526208237.
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Abstract The research examines the U.S. approach to the independence of the Philippines and its stages at the end of the 1920's and in the early 1930's. The Philippines belonged to the United States from 1898 to 1946. The relationship between the two countries was quite controversial from the very beginning. Many of the different phases and factors resulted in the U.S. Congress passing a law in March 1934, which guaranteed full independence to the Philippines after a ten-year transition period. The birth of the law which led to Philippine independence was a complex political process, with a number of variables influencing the attitudes and the solution. These factors accounting for the formation of the solution changed as time progressed. One of the key variables in terms of the Act of Independence began when the Great Depression began in 1929, which affected especially agricultural producers. As the Philippines was administratively a part of the federal government, in these circles it was seen that only independence could be the solution to close the archipelago outside of the domestic market. In fact, the sugar and coconut imports from the Philippines were not a real competitor to the federal farmers. In addition to the domestic farmers the Cuban sugar producers, who were headed by U.S. investors, felt that Philippine duty-free import was challenging their share of the federal market. They were of the opinion that the independence of the Philippines could guarantee them better market positions in the federal sugar market, and strove to promote the Independence Act as soon as possible. As a result of the worsening unemployment situation Filipino migrant workers started competing for scarce jobs. As a part of the United States Filipinos had free immigration rights. In particular, on the west coast and in the employees' organizations, independence was seen as the easiest way to limit immigration. In addition to the economic cycle other significant factors were the changes in foreign policy, and in particular the rise of Japan as a powerful superpower in the Far East. The federal government and the majority of the Congress represented opposing views of the independence issue. The Congress was able to show strength in this confrontation. The main sources of the material consist of the U.S. government documents, the Congress document collections, foreign relations document collections, memoirs and other documentsTiivistelmä Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan Yhdysvaltain suhtautumista Filippiinien itsenäistymiseen ja siihen liittyneisiin vaiheisiin 1920 -luvun lopulla ja 1930-luvun alkupuoliskolla. Filippiinit kuuluivat Yhdysvalloille vuosina 1898–1946. Maiden välinen suhde oli hyvin kiistanalainen alusta alkaen. Monien eri vaiheiden ja tekijöiden seurauksena Yhdysvaltain kongressi hyväksyi maaliskuussa 1934 lain, joka takasi Filippiineille täyden itsenäisyyden kymmenen vuoden siirtymäajan jälkeen. Filippiinien itsenäistymiseen johtaneen lain synty oli monimutkainen poliittinen prosessi, jossa oli useita suhtautumiseen ja ratkaisuun vaikuttaneita muuttujia. Näiden tekijöiden osuus ratkaisun muodostumiseen muuttui ajan edetessä. Yksi keskeisimmistä muuttujista itsenäisyyslain suhteen oli vuonna 1929 Yhdysvalloissa alkanut suuri lamakausi, josta kärsivät erityisesti maataloustuottajat. Koska Filippiinit oli hallinnollisesti osa liittovaltiota, näissä piireissä nähtiin, että ainoastaan itsenäisyys voisi saattaa saariston sisämarkkinoiden ulkopuolelle. Filippiineiltä tuotava sokeri ja kookosöljy eivät olleet todelliset kilpailijat liittovaltion viljelijöille. Kotimaan viljelijäväestön lisäksi Kuuban sokerintuotantoon investoineet amerikkalaiset sijoittajapiirit kokivat Filippiinien tullivapaan tuonnin vievän heiltä markkinoita. He katsoivat, että Filippiinien itsenäisyys takaisi paremmat markkina-asemat liittovaltion sokerimarkkinoilla ja pyrkivät edistämään itsenäisyyslain mahdollisimman pikaista säätämistä. Alati pahenevan työttömyyden seurauksen filippiiniläiset siirtotyöläiset kilpailivat hupenevista työpaikoista. Filippiiniläisille oli taattu vapaa maahanmuutto-oikeus. Etenkin länsirannikolla ja työntekijäjärjestöissä saarten itsenäistyminen nähtiin olevan helpoin tie maahanmuuton rajoittamiseen. Taloudellisten suhdanteiden ohella muita merkittäviä tekijöitä olivat muutokset ulkopolitiikassa ja etenkin Japanin nousu voimakkaaksi suurvallaksi Kaukoidässä. Liittovaltion hallinto ja kongressin enemmistö edustivat vastakkaisia näkemyssuuntia itsenäisyyskysymyksessä. Kongressi pystyi osoittamaan voimansa tässä vastakkainasettelussa. Tutkimuksen keskeisin lähdeaineisto koostuu Yhdysvaltain hallinnon asiakirjoista, kongressin asiakirjakokoelmista, ulkoaisainhallinnon asiakirjakokoelmista, muistelmista sekä lähdeteoksista
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Ambuske, James Patrick. "Minting America coinage and the contestation of American identity, 1775-1800 /." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1164981401.
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Záhradníková, Lea. "Ťažba z bridlicových ložísk v USA od 70. rokov 20. storočia k prelomu milénií: cesta k energetickej nezávislosti?" Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193428.
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Master's s thesis determines potential influence of "shale miracle" observed in the U.S. since the first decade of new millennium on energy independence which has been one of the U.S. policy priorities since the 1970s' oil shocks. Technological development and innovations supported by the government triggered an unexpected and in its way unique boom, which significantly strengthened the U.S. economy. The thesis examines impact of oil crises on the U.S. energy policy, history of unconventional gas and oil extraction, and the federal involvement in energy R&D programs. Energy independence is analyzed in terms of three fundamental pillars (reducing the amount of imported oil, reducing the energy intensity of economy and increasing energy self-sufficiency). All of the models, schemes and calculations cover a period of 1973-2013. Two indicators -- improving self-sufficiency and decreasing energy intensity of the economy -- speak in favor of achievable energy independence. However, deficient energy balance suggests otherwise. In case the need to fill the gap between energy production and consumption by foreign oil imports (which have been at their historically highest values since the 1990s) remains, then a complete energy independence as well as security is just an illusion.
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Leal, Saul Tourinho. "Direito à felicidade: história, teoria, positivação e jurisdição." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6202.
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Previous issue date: 2013-08-05This thesis has the purpose to investigate whether there are connections between the contemporary constitutionalism and happiness. It addresses the Independence of the United States of America, the French Revolution and the independence of Brazil. After such historical perspective, it describes the utilitarian school, represented initially by Jeremy Bentham and, subsequently, by Stuart Mill. It asserts that utilitarianism, allied to the principle of human dignity, is the theoretical basis of the thesis that allows happiness to be a constitutionally protected right and, moreover, providing the basis for it to appear in legal reasoning developed by the judges as grounds for judicial decisions. Subsequently, this thesis examines a dogmatic part in which it attempts to identify the existence of a right to happiness within the wording of the Constitution of 1988. In this part, it describes a right to happiness dismembered into five biases: (i) broad right to happiness, (ii) the right to the pursuit of happiness, (iii) the right to be provided with happiness (iv) sealing the perverse pleasures, (v) happiness as telos. Addressing the constitutional jurisdiction, it examines the American and European-continental models then shows how the theory of happiness has been used in trials of major national issues in Brazil, like the same-sex unions, policy of quotas, the Marijuana March and crimes trifle. It also discusses the abuses committed by invoking the theory of happiness, illustrating with the example of the Kingdom of Bhutan. Finally, it presents the proposal of hedonic damages. The thesis concludes there is a legally guaranteed right to happiness , but alerts that the theory of happiness is not able to solve all the cases, indicating that, in situations in which there are informational deficits, it is recommended judicial restraint and deference to the Legislature
RESUMO: A tese apresenta a proposta de investigar se há conexões entre o constitucionalismo contemporâneo e a felicidade. Aborda a Independência dos Estados Unidos da América, a Revolução Francesa e a Independência do Brasil. Após essa perspectiva histórica, passa a apresentar a escola utilitarista, inicialmente representada por Jeremy Bentham e, na sequência, por Stuart Mill. Afirma que o utilitarismo, aliado ao princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana, é a base teórica da tese, permitindo que a felicidade seja um bem protegido constitucionalmente e, além disso, propiciando que ela apareça nos raciocínios jurídicos desenvolvidos pelos julgadores como fundamento de decisões judiciais. O trabalho passa, então, a uma parte dogmática na qual tenta identificar a existência de um direito à felicidade por meio da leitura da Constituição Federal de 1988. Nessa parte, afirma haver um direito à felicidade desmembrado em cinco vieses: (i) direito amplo à felicidade; (ii) direito à busca da felicidade; (iii) direito prestacional à felicidade; (iv) vedação a prazeres perversos; (v) felicidade como telos da decisão judicial. Tratando da jurisdição constitucional, apresenta os modelos norteamericano e europeu-continental para, em seguida, mostrar como a teoria da felicidade tem sido utilizada nos julgamentos dos grandes temas nacionais no Brasil, a exemplo das uniões homoafetivas, das políticas das cotas, da Marcha da Maconha e dos crimes de bagatela. Trata ainda dos abusos cometidos por meio da invocação à teoria da felicidade, ilustrando com o exemplo do Reino do Butão. Por fim, apresenta a proposta dos danos hedônicos. A tese conclui haver um direito à felicidade a ser garantido judicialmente, mas adverte que a teoria da felicidade não é capaz de resolver todos os casos, indicando que, em hipóteses nas quais há déficts informacionais, é recomendado moderação judicial e deferência ao Poder Legislativo, por meio da utilização da técnica chamada apelo ao Legislador
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Wing, Bryan Anderson. "The effects of education on the birth rates of "workfare" program participants: Implications for future welfare reform." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1495.
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Cléquin, Aurore. "L’autorité du juge : Étude de droit constitutionnel comparé États-Unis, France, Royaume-Uni." Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020055.
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S’interroger sur l’autorité du juge revient à s’intéresser à la place qu’occupe la justice parmi les institutions. Sur ce plan, la justice judiciaire française inquiète. On la dit abandonnée, maltraitée par le pouvoir politique. Le sort réservé aux juges administratifs français, aux juges supérieurs britanniques et aux juges fédéraux américains est tout autre. La comparaison des cadres constitutionnels au sein desquels ces juges évoluent permet de comprendre comment se construit leur autorité. Celle-ci est commandée par deux variables dont l’importance est inégale. L’autorité du juge tient, pour l’essentiel, à sa capacité à maîtriser sa fonction. L’ancrage d’un statut protecteur, alors même que cette question est souvent présentée comme préalable à toute autre, vient seulement conforter l’édifice. Est-ce à dire qu’il suffirait d’appliquer à la justice judiciaire française les enseignements ainsi dégagés pour résoudre les problèmes auxquels elle est confrontée ? Les choses ne sont pas si simples. Le droit constitutionnel comparé est un outil précieux. Mais la prudence commande de ne pas placer en lui d’espoirs démesurésCourts’ authority stands very high in the United Kingdom and in the United States. The institutional position of the Judiciary in France, at least for judicial judges, is more precarious. The position of French administrative law judges is different and comes closer to the situation of British and American Judges. A comparison between those judges and the constitutional systems they evolve in appears to be an effective way to understand how courts’ authority is built. Two factors are actually decisive. The first one, which is the most important, is related to the judge’s function. It is crucial that the judge is able to say what his judicial duty covers and where are its limits. Similarly, he has to be able to resist executive and legislative encroachments on his function. When those criteria are met, the judge’s authority is necessarily strong. The second factor only comes next. It appears indeed that the judge’s authority is acknowledged and strengthened when his independence is strongly protected, both in its individual and institutional sense. Once those factors are highlighted, one question comes up. Would it be wise to resort to legal transplants to improve the institutional position of judicial judges in France? It is not that easy. Comparative constitutional law is a very useful tool. However, it must be used carefully
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Peters, Murray Hamaka. "The confiscation of Pare Hauraki: The impact of Te Ao Pākehā on the Iwi of Pare Hauraki Māori; on the whenua of Pare Hauraki 1835-1997 and The Foreshore and Seabed Act 2004." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2366.
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Kia mau ki te rangatiratanga o te Iwi o Hauraki Just as the whakataukī explains Hold fast to the power and authority of the Hauraki tribes the focus of this study is to examine and evaluate the impact of Te Ao Pākehā on Pare Hauraki lands and Tīkapa Moana under the mana of Pare Hauraki Māori and Pare Hauraki tikanga. The iwi of Pare Hauraki have land claims through the, (Wai 100) and the Hauraki Māori Trust Board, before the Waitangi Tribunal highlighting whenua issues and their impact on Pare Hauraki iwi. Also relevant is the foreshore and seabed issue which is documented leading on to the infamous Foreshore and Seabed Act 2004, (for Māori anyway), sparking widespread opposition by Māori throughout the country, and other supportive non-Māori groups because of the issue concerning Māori kaitiiakitanga and guardianship roles. This investigation will commence by outlining the histories of discovery and settlement of Pare Hauraki, the concept of mana-whenua/mana-moana as it applies to Pare Hauraki Māori and our tikanga, and then to subsequent issues leading to land alienation of the early 19th to late 20th cenutries and then to the foreshore issue of the early 21st Century. This research will include information showing that before 1840 to Te Tiriti o Waitangi and thereafter that Pākehā and various Crown agents, through legislation claimed the rights to the lands, waterways and oceanic areas under the kaitiakitanga of my tupuna of Pare Hauraki. Tupuna and other iwi members have expressed their disgust seeing the mana of their traditional lands, waterways, oceanic areas and kaitiaki roles slipping away from them through these activities. Therefore, this thesis is a response to those issues and the impact on (a), Māori as a people, and our tikanga Māori and (b), Pare Hauraki Māori as the kaitiaki/guardians of the Pare Hauraki rohe/territory in accordance with tikanga Māori, and the significance of the responsibilities which arise out of the Māori concepts of kaitiakitanga, manaakitanga and rangatiratanga.
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Liagre, Sebastien. "John Neal, une écriture-frontière." Thesis, Lille 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL30029.
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Cette thèse se propose d’étudier comment, à travers sa singulière écriture, John Neal, prenant son contemporain James Fenimore Cooper pour anti-modèle, ambitionne de réformer la littérature américaine, afin de satisfaire au besoin naissant d’indépendance et de renouveau national. Dans une certaine tradition américaine, la frontière est moins une limite territoriale qu’un seuil dynamique, un locus americanus, lieu de tous les possibles. Et c’est bien en ce sens que le romancier du Maine, homme des transgressions, homme de l’entre-deux, écrit «à la frontière» : entre littérature et engagement, entre la scène et la chaire, le masculin et le féminin, l’Indien et le Blanc, sa prose hésite, souvent. Il conviendra en somme d’analyser au plus près cette fabrique alternative de littérarité qu’est l’écriture nealienne, dans l’incertitude des commencements, lorsque l’expression du «génie national» prétend s’instaurer en critère de jugement et faire table rase des modèles d’importationThis thesis explores how, through his singular writing style, John Neal, using fellow-writer James Fenimore Cooper as an anti-model, sets out to pioneer a thorough reformation of the so-called American literature, in an attempt to satisfy the ever-increasing need for independence and national renewal. In a certain American tradition, the frontier is less a territorial boundary than a « dynamic threshold », a locus americanus where wishful thinking comes true. Thus it is that this transgressive Maine author, a man of the neutral ground, or, rather, of the middle ground, writes «at the frontier»: between literature and committed literature, between the stage and the pulpit, the masculine and the feminine, or the Indian and the white man, his prose often wavers. Hence, our focus will be on the alternative literary vision for « the great Republic of Letters », encapsulated within Neal’s own writing, shaped as it was by the uncertainties of a nation in the making. Those were the days when «national genius» had an edge on European models. Those were John Neal’s days
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Minty, Christopher. "Mobilization and voluntarism : the political origins of Loyalism in New York, c. 1768-1778." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21423.
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This dissertation examines the political origins of Loyalism in New York City between 1768 and 1778. Anchored by an analysis of political mobilization, this dissertation is structured into two parts. Part I has two chapters. Using a variety of private and public sources, the first chapter analyses how 9,338 mostly white male Loyalists in New York City and the counties of Kings, Queens, Suffolk and Westchester were mobilized. Chapter 1 argues that elites and British forces played a fundamental role in the broad-based mobilization of Loyalists in the province of New York. It also recognises that colonists signed Loyalist documents for many different reasons. The second chapter of Part I is a large-scale prosopographical analysis of the 9,338 identified Loyalists. This analysis was based on a diverse range of sources. This analysis shows that a majority of the province’s Loyalist population were artisans aged between 22 and 56 years of age. Part II of this dissertation examines political mobilization in New York City between 1768 and 1775. In three chapters, Part II illustrates how elite and non-elite white male New Yorkers coalesced into two distinct groups. Chapter 3 concentrates on the emergence of the DeLanceys as a political force in New York, Chapter 4 on their mobilization and coalescence into ‘the Friends to Liberty and Trade’, or ‘the Club’, and Chapter 5 examines the political origins of what became Loyalism by studying the social networks of three members of ‘the Club’. By incorporating an interdisciplinary methodology, Part II illustrates that members of ‘the Club’ developed ties with one another that transcended their political origins. It argues that the partisanship of New York City led members of ‘the Club’ to adopt inward-looking characteristics that affected who they interacted with on an everyday basis. A large proportion of ‘the Club’’s members became Loyalists in the American Revolution. This dissertation argues that it was the partisanship that they developed during the late 1760s and early 1770s that defined their allegiance.
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Côté-Boucher, Karine. "Governing through borders : mobilizing risk, anxiety and biopower in the Canada-United States smart border declaration /." 2005.
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Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 2005. Graduate Programme in Sociology.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 204-209). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url%5Fver=Z39.88-2004&res%5Fdat=xri:pqdiss &rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR11770
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Dillard, Philip D. "Independence or slavery: The Confederate debate over arming the slaves." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/19374.
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From November 1864 to April 1865, the Confederacy conducted an open, often-heated debate concerning the introduction of slaves into the Confederate Army. Southerners in all sections of the Confederacy-Upper South, Deep South, and Trans-Mississippi West-seriously considered the introduction of black men into the gray ranks. This debate forced southerners to ask again why they were fighting. Focusing upon the news items, editorials, and letters to editors appearing in local newspapers, this work examines the evolving views of common men and women in Virginia, Georgia and Texas. Despite the desperate situation, these southerners explored the proposal to arm the slaves and its long-term implications fully. As the debate unfolded, individual men and women struggled with each other and within themselves to decide what it meant to be a southerner. In this final crisis, many discovered that slavery could be sacrificed much more easily than southern independence. By comparing the depth, sincerity, and significance of the debate concerning arming the slaves in Virginia, Georgia, and Texas, a clearer picture of the importance of slavery in white southern society and of the strength of Confederate nationalism emerges.
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Emmanuelli, Loliannette. "Spanish diplomatic policy and contribution to the United States independence, 1775-1783." 1990. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI9110130.
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Studies of the future contribution to the independence of the United States frequently emphasize France's participation, whereas that of Spain is either relegated to a secondary role or ignored entirely. This investigation concentrates on Spain's diplomatic policy and contributions to the United States during the American Revolution, 1775-1783. It analyzes Spain's role during the reign of Carlos III and under the influence of his ministers, Marquis de Grimaldi and Count de Floridablanca. From 1775 to 1777, Spain supported intervention in the war and aid to the colonies. However, its policy was cautious and neutral, in a consistent attempt to avoid open confrontation with England. In 1777 Count de Floridablanca assumed the position of Prime Minister, bringing about a new phase of intervention. Even while offering limited help to the rebellious colonies, Spain was attempting to reach an agreement with England. And while negotiating the possibility of recovering lost territory from her traditional adversary, Spain was looking to gain time to arm her troops and prepare for the possibility of war with the British empire. However, England's refusal to accept the conditions led Spain to join France during this conflict and on June 22, 1779, Spain declared war on England. Even then, Spain was not inclined to favor the British colonies' cause of independence. The decision to declare war was motivated more by the desire to avenge the countless humiliations inflicted by Britain. Although the policy carried out by Spain during this conflict was ambiguous, this was due to a large extent, not to Spain's inability to take a position, but rather to a directed strategy. Spain hoped to recover lost territory, control the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean, and build its prestige in Europe and America, while maintaining an image of integrity. The Spanish territories in America played a critical role during the American Revolution. Cuba, Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, and Louisiana, helped to meet some of the indispensable needs of the United States' independence. Spain's aid, though cautious and reserved, made a significant contribution in money, manpower, and war supplies to the independence of the United States.
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MacDonald, Mairi Stewart. "The Challenge of Guinean Independence, 1958-1971." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/19287.
Full textAbstract:
Since the end of French colonial rule in Guinea, “independence” has held a central place in its political culture. Implying both dignity and self-determination for the sovereign people which possesses it, independence is a concept that has meaning only in relation to other nation-states and cultures. Yet the political elite that dominated Guinea’s First Republic constructed a new national culture around this concept. The Challenge of Guinean Independence, 1958-1971 examines Guinea’s assertion of its right to independence and the response of powerful Western players, especially the United States and France, as Guinea challenged their assumptions about the nature of African sovereignty.
Considering the history of the international relations of a single African state that enjoyed limited international power and prestige challenges conventions in the historiography of both Africa and international relations. It illuminates and contextualizes expectations concerning the meaning of modernity, African sovereignty as a matter of international law, and the end of formal colonial rule coinciding with the tensions and competitions of the Cold War.
The study demonstrates that the international context played a crucial role, both in conditioning the timing and form of decolonization and in shaping the international community’s adaptation of colonial patterns of economic and political interaction to the new reality of African nation-states. Focusing on the invention, development and reception of one country’s insistence on independence in turn illuminates significant issues and events: the end of French colonial rule; limitations on the sovereignty of non-European postcolonial states; the advent of neocolonialism and the failure of the nominally anti-colonial United States to oppose it; the ideological appeal of African unity as a means of safeguarding sovereignty and the compromises that its institutional form entailed; foreign aid and the notion that development for modernization could be stimulated from outside; and the implications of unlimited internal autonomy for a state’s people. Guinea’s independence ultimately challenged developing norms of Western economic and political interaction with new African states by complicating assumptions about the universality of Western notions of economic development, justice and morality.
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Martins, Jordi Esteban Canudas. "The effect of Judicial Independence on firm performance : evidence from the United States." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/18795.
Full textAbstract:
Some U.S. states allow judges to be elected and even to belong to parties. In this study, we examine how firm performance is influenced by exogenous changes that make the judicial system more independent. We exploit two types of changes: (i) from partisan to non-partisan elections and (ii) from non-partisan to appointed judges. These variations across states in the U.S. court system take place between 1976 and 2012. We find a positive effect of judicial independence on firm profitability of around 4 percentage points, suggesting that judicial independence increases market discipline and promotes an environment in which firm survival has to rely on performance, rather than on power or political connections.
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Reid, Kristen Elisa Streeter Calvin L. "Building a framework for institutional change the small worlds of assets for independence act grantees and their financial partners /." 2004. http://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/1394/reidk76796.pdf.
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Chun, Hsieh Li, and 謝岦峻. "The Study on the Independence of CPA’s Audit - a Lesson From the United States." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qb3v23.
Full textAbstract:
碩士輔仁大學
法律學系
102
From 20th century, the business activities increase and the security transaction became the most important study. Security is intangible and it cannot be told what the value is merely by the numbers in it. It depends on the financial condition and other assets of a company. Furthermore, the annual report plays the major role in analyzing the economic gross and the transaction flows. It is very important for shareholders, investors and the creditors to receive the correct information to prevent economic loss. Accountants are very important to keep track of the report to prevent false analysis. Furthermore, they are in duty of protecting the shareholders, investors and the creditors. Therefore, they are required to sign the report and guarantee the independence of their duties. The duties are extremely important for security transaction. This article is to analyze the responsibility of the accountants including the violation of independence rule. Also, this article is to check if the punishment is proper based on administrative, criminal and civil law backgrounds. The conflict of interests is also included in this article. Furthermore, this article sited American cases to give our government few examples to protect the gross of economy.