Academic literature on the topic 'Declarative sentences'
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Journal articles on the topic "Declarative sentences"
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Wagoner, David. "Simple Declarative Sentences." Hopkins Review 6, no. 4 (2013): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/thr.2013.0070.
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Marco, Gian Arturo. "Non-declarative sentences." Journal of Pragmatics 9, no. 2-3 (June 1985): 388–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(85)90034-7.
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Rudin, Deniz, and Andrea Beltrama. "Default agreement with subjective assertions." Semantics and Linguistic Theory 29 (December 9, 2019): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v29i0.4597.
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This paper puts forward a formal proposal for a judge-dependent notion of assertion that derives asymmetries in the discourse profile of subjective and objective assertions while preserving a unary illocutionary profile for utterances of declarative sentences. We propose that when a speaker asserts a sentence, they commit to that sentence being true as judged by themself, but project acceptance of the truth of that sentence as judged by all interlocutors. This account makes different predictions, then, for assertions of declarative sentences with judge-invariant denotations, and assertions of declarative sentences with judge-variant denotations.
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Panther, Klaus-Uwe, and Klaus-Michael Köpcke. "A prototype approach to sentences and sentence types." Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics 6 (November 26, 2008): 83–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/arcl.6.05pan.
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This paper proposes a new solution to the age-old problem of defining the sentence and sentence types. Arguing against traditional definitions, we propose that the category SENTENCE exhibits a complex prototypical structure on the levels of morphosyntactic form, conceptual content, and pragmatic function. By positing that the central member of the category SENTENCE is the declarative sentence type, we can show how imperative sentences are related to the prototypical declarative sentence type and that imperatives exhibit an internal prototypical structure of their own. Finally, using a scenario approach, we show how the conceptual and pragmatic functions of declarative and imperative sentences may overlap.
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Muzakki, Kholid Akhmad, Ahmad Rizza Firdaus, and Annisa’ Fatmayanti. "Tindak Tutur Tak Langsung Dalam Surat Al-Kahfi (Kajian Analisis Pragmatik)." Nazhruna: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 1, no. 1 (August 16, 2018): 96–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.31538/nzh.v1i1.44.
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Sentences by mode can be divided into three: sentence (declarative), interrogative, and command (imperative) sentences. Conventionally, declarative sentences are used if the speaker wants to declare or convey information to his or her opponent. Interrogative sentence is the sentence used if the speaker wants to get the information, the reaction or the expected answer. As for the imperative sentence, is if the speaker wants to enjoin or forbid his opponent to do something. But in pragmatic studies, there are times when the sentence is used non-conventionally. Declarative sentences, in addition to functioning to deliver the news, also enabled to ask; interrogative sentences other than enabled to ask is also enabled for the request or command. Meanwhile, the command line can only be used conventionally, and can not be used non-conventionally. When all three sentences are conventionally functioned, the speech is called direct speech act, whereas when used in a non-conventional way, it is called indirect speech act. The use of sentences indirectly has a purpose, among others, in order to maintain politeness. A command that explanation by using the sentence news or sentence, will be felt by the opponent said lighter, even for the opponent said the command on him is not perceived as a command. In the Qur'an there are many unusually functional sentences, indicating that the Qur'an is a holy book that strongly upholds language-based pride. One of them is Surah Al-Kahfi. In the Surah Al-Kahfi, found some verses which are indirect speech. In Surah Al-Kahfi, the forms of indirect speech are as follows. First, Declarative texts mean imperative is found in verse 16, 45, 52, 60 and 78. Second, Interrogative texts mean imperative is found in verse 6, 9 and 50. Third, Interrogative texts mean declarative is found in verses 15, 37, 57, 68, 75, 102 and 103.
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Muzakki, Kholid Akhmad. "(كلام غير مباشر في سورة الكهف (دراسة تحليلية تداولية Tindak Tutur Tidak Langsung Dalam Surat Al-Kahfi (Kajian Analisis Pragmatik)." Nazhruna: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 1, no. 1 (July 22, 2018): 80–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31538/nazhruna.v1i1.125.
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Sentences by mode can be divided into three: sentence (declarative), interrogative, and command (imperative) sentences. Conventionally, declarative sentences are used if the speaker wants to declare or convey information to his or her opponent. Interrogative sentence is the sentence used if the speaker wants to get the information, the reaction or the expected answer. As for the imperative sentence, is if the speaker wants to enjoin or forbid his opponent to do something. But in pragmatic studies, there are times when the sentence is used non-conventionally. Declarative sentences, in addition to functioning to deliver the news, also enabled to ask; interrogative sentences other than enabled to ask is also enabled for the request or command. Meanwhile, the command line can only be used conventionally, and can not be used non-conventionally. When all three sentences are conventionally functioned, the speech is called direct speech act, whereas when used in a non-conventional way, it is called indirect speech act.
The use of sentences indirectly has a purpose, among others, in order to maintain politeness. A command that explanation by using the sentence news or sentence, will be felt by the opponent said lighter, even for the opponent said the command on him is not perceived as a command. In the Qur'an there are many unusually functional sentences, indicating that the Qur'an is a holy book that strongly upholds language-based pride. One of them is surah Al-Kahfi. In the surah Al-Kahfi, found some verses which are indirect speech. In Surah Al-Kahfi, the forms of indirect speech are as follows. First, Declarative texts mean imperative is found in the verse 16, 45, 52, 60 and 78. Second, Interrogative texts mean imperative is found in the verse 6, 9 and 50. Third, Interrogative texts mean declarative is found in the verses 15, 37, 57, 68, 75, 102 and 103.
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Donaho, S. "Are declarative sentences representational?" Mind 107, no. 425 (January 1, 1998): 33–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mind/107.425.33.
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GASKIN, RICHARD. "The Unity of Declarative Sentence." Philosophy 73, no. 1 (January 1998): 21–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819197000065.
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The problem of the unity of the sentence is to explain how a sentence manages to say something, to ‘make a move in the language-game’. In the particular case of the declarative sentence, which is characterized essentially by its ability to say something true or false (cf. Aristotle De Int. ch. 4), the challenge is to explain how the sentence as a whole manages to attract this property, given that its components do not have it. In his book Language, Thought and Falsehood in Ancient Greek Thought, Nicholas Denyer implicitly commits himself to two conflicting accounts of what this unity consists in. The conflict is illuminating because it can be seen as giving expression to two attractive but apparently opposed thoughts on the nature of the sentence: the thought that all significant components of a sentence must have reference, or semantic role (a position which in the writings of Donald Davidson and Michael Dummett is truistic), and the thought that the semantically significant components of the sentence cannot all be names, since then the sentence would lose its peculiar unity — its ability to say something (true or false) — and degenerate into a mere list. In this paper I shall try, using Denyer's text as my point of departure, to resolve the conflict by suggesting how a unified sentence can, after all, be composed of names.The first account which Denyer gives of the unity of the sentence is not offered as such, but it emerges from his discussion of the differences between three primitive kinds of language, which he calls Agglomerative (A), Orthographic (O) and Sentential (S). The three languages have in common that their basic ‘sentences’ all consist of linear strings of unambiguous names of primary elements, themselves arranged linearly. Thereafter they diverge in the following respects. In A and O, these basic ‘sentences’ are, according to Denyer, only by courtesy so called, for they are really complex names; but whereas in A the order in which the names are listed is insignificant, in O it is significant. Thus ‘ab’, for example, would in A merely designate a complex object composed of the simple objects designated by ‘a’ and ‘b’, and is not semantically distinguishable from ‘ba’; in O, on the other hand, these two composite names additionally signify two different ways in which the complex consisting of a and b may be composed, for example, that a is to the left of b, and that b is to the left of a, respectively. In S, by contrast with both A and O, the basic ‘sentences’ are said to be genuine sentences: they are not merely lists of names, but are suitable for the making of assertions. In S, a symbol such as ‘ab’ says that (for example) a is to the left of b.
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Firdaus, Ahmad Riza. "al-Kalam Ghairu al-Mubasyir fi Surah al-Anbiya’." International Journal of Arabic Language Teaching 1, no. 02 (December 1, 2019): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.32332/ijalt.v1i02.1788.
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Declarative sentences, in addition to being used to convey news, are also functioned to ask questions; Interrogative sentences are not only used for asking questions but also for requests or orders. Meanwhile, the command sentence can only be used conventionally, and cannot be used unconventionally. If the three sentences are used conventionally, the speech is called a direct speech act, whereas if it is used unconventionally, it is called an indirect speech act. The use of indirect sentences has a purpose, among others, in order to maintain politeness. An order that is told by using a news sentence or question sentence will be perceived by the interlocutor as lighter, even for the interlocutor the command to himself is not felt as an order. In the Alquran there are many sentences that are used unconventionally, which shows that the Alquran is a holy book that upholds the politeness of language. One of them is surah al-Anbiya’. In the surah al-Anbiya’, several verses which are indirect speech are found. In the surah al-Anbiya’ the forms of indirect speech are as follows; Four declarative utterances with imperative meanings are in verses 39, 41, 45, and 47. Seventeen interrogative utterances have declarative meaning in verses 3, 6, 10, 21, 24, 30, 34, 36, 42, 43, 44, 50, 52, 55, 59, 66, and 67. Three meaningful interrogative speeches are found in verses 38, 80, and 108.
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Sari, Ihram. "TINDAK TUTUR DIREKTIF ANTARA DOSEN DAN NAHASISWA DALAM PERKULIAHAN MATA KULIAH BAHASA INDONESIA DI UMI." Multilingual 18, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 85–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/multilingual.v18i2.107.
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The writer is interested in examining directive discourse between lecture and studentsin indonesian learning process as general subject in indonesia muslim university. The problem statement of this research is how the politeness forms from lecturer to students, students to lecturer, and students to students in Indonesian Language Subject at Universitas Muslim Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to describe the form of politeness in the interaction of lecturers to students, students to lecturers, and students to students. This study focused on lecturers who teach general Indonesian language subject at the Faculty of Letters and first semester students, especially those who program general subject in Indonesian. The collected data will be analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis techniques. Based on the results of the research found, forms of language politeness in the interaction of lecturers to students in the form of declarative sentences,namely obeying the maxim of wisdom, praise, and agreement; interrogative sentences, namely obeying the maxim of wisdom; imperative sentence, namely obeying the maxim of wisdom; the exclamation sentence, namely obeying the maxim of wisdom; and language politeness in the interaction of students to lecturers in the form of declarative sentences, namely obeying the maxim of generosity and agreement; interrogative sentences, namely obeying the maxim of generosity; the exclamation sentence, namely obeying the maxim of wisdom; and the form of politeness in the interaction of students to students in the form of declarative sentences, namely the maxim of wisdom, generosity, agreement and sympathy; interrogative sentences, namely the maxim of wisdom and sympathy; imperative sentence, namely the maxim of wisdom; exclamation sentence, namely the maxim of wisdom. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the use of politeness in the formal setting is very useful for people's lives, including in the education side.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Declarative sentences"
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Clark, William. "Relevance theory and the semantics of non-declarative sentences." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1991. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317886/.
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Wilson and Sperber (1988a; Sperber and Wilson 1986) have proposed semantic analyses of declaratives, imperatives and interrogatives which are based on the notion of 'a direct semantic link between linguistic form and representations of propositional attitude'. They claim, however, that the various syntactic structures encode 'procedural' rather than 'conceptual' information. Rather than encoding concepts which appear in representations of propositional attitude (or what Sperber and Wilson call 'higher-level explicatures') they convey information about how to proceed in recovering such representations. This thesis is an attempt to extend this analysis to some constructions which have not been explicitly discussed by Wilson and Sperber, to consider the differences between this approach and some alternatives, and to question the status of the notion of a 'sentence type', which has often been assumed in analysing the various syntactic structures. Some evidence is provided that certain lexical items also encode procedural information about propositional attitudes, and the role of intonation in utterance-interpretation is also discussed. This analysis is based on relevance-theoretic assumptions about semantics and pragmatics. Chapter one presents the general approach to semantics assumed by relevance theory and shows how Wilson and Sperber's proposal fits into this framework. Chapter two is concerned with the proposed semantic analysis of imperatives. This analysis is extended to some 'pseudo-imperatives': forms consisting of the conjunction or disjunction of an imperative and a declarative clause, which have often been treated as conditionals. An analysis of imperative-like constructions containing 'let' or 'let's' is also proposed. This analysis can be extended to related forms containing 'may'. Chapter three is concerned with the semantic analyses of interrogatives and exciamatives proposed by Wilson and Sperber. This approach is extended to some constructions which seem to resemble interrogatives in some ways and exciamatives in others. The relationship between grammar and intonation is also discussed. Tonal structure can also be seen as encoding procedural information. Chapter four contrasts this approach with alternatives which treat illocutionary force or mood as semantic categories. Wilson and Sperber's approach is more successful than the alternatives and suggests reasons for their inadequacy. A straightforward account of the relationship between form and force, and the interpretation of utterances which have been said to perform 'indirect speech acts', follows from Wilson and Sperber's proposal.
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Salis, Christos. "Comprehension of wh-questions and declarative sentences in agrammatic aphasia." Thesis, University of Reading, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429230.
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Lindblom, Camilla. "Negation in Dravidian languages : A descriptive typological study on verbal and non-verbal negation in simple declarative sentences." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Avdelningen för allmän språkvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-110811.
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Over the years the typology of negation has been much described and discussed. However, focus has mainly been on standard negation. Studies on non-verbal negation in general and comparative studies covering the complete domain of non-verbal negation in particular are less common. The strategies to express non-verbal negation vary among languages. In some languages the negation strategy employed in standard negation is also used in non-verbal negation. Several researchers have argued that languages express negation of non-verbal predications using special constructions. This study examines and describes negation strategies in simple declarative sentences in 18 Dravidian languages. The results suggest that the majority of the Dravidian languages included in this study express standard negation by the use of a negative suffix while non-verbal negation is expressed by a negative verb. Further distinctions are made in the negation of non-verbal predications in that different negation markers are used for attributive and existential/possessive predications respectively.
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Abrisqueta, Costa Pedro. "Cuantificación de la demanda y sentencia con reserva de liquidación." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/145906.
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The present study deals with the quantification of the demand in relation to the sentence subject to settlement. This last institute is of great practical importance for having been the instrument chosen, in the Spanish civil procedural system, to address those cases in which, even still proving its existence, it is considered impossible to quantify the scope of a debit. To be able to shed light on this institute its legal nature has been examined, proving that it is just functioning as a mere statement of sentence. The consequences of this demonstration is significant, as it affects questions as relevant as the ones referring to its provisional enforceability, to the prudential and adequate measures to preserve their effectiveness, to the enabling of guardianship merely declarative in the scope of the monies, or the reach of the requirement of completeness of sentencesEl presente estudio trata de la cuantificación de la demanda en relación con la sentencia con reserva de liquidación. Ésta última institución tiene una gran importancia práctica al haber sido el instrumento escogido, en el sistema procesal civil español, para abordar aquellos supuestos en los que, aún acreditándose su existencia, se considera imposible cuantificar el alcance de un débito. Para poder arrojar luz sobre este instituto se ha examinado su naturaleza jurídica, comprobándose que acaba funcionando como una sentencia de mera declaración. Las consecuencias de esta demostración son significativas, pues afectan a cuestiones tan relevantes como las referentes a su ejecutabilidad provisional, a las medidas cautelares adecuadas para preservar su eficacia, a la permisión de la tutela meramente declarativa en el ámbito de lo dinerario, o al alcance de la exigencia de exhaustividad de las sentencias
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Ferreira, Ivana Kátia de Souza. "Os verbos inacusativos e a inversão do sujeito em sentenças declarativas do português brasileiro." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/4037.
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Previous issue date: 2011This academic work deals with the unaccusative verbs and the free inversion of the subject in declarative sentences in Brazilian Portuguese (BP). This study is based on a bibliographic review, in the light of the Generative Syntax, under the Government-Binding (GB) Theory. It is proposed by Chomsky (1981), in accordance with the Principles and Parameters model. Firstly, a summary of the fundamental topics (Lexicon, Verb Subcategorization, Case Theory, θ-Theory, Argument Structure) within the GB is made, not to mention that these topics are absolutely related to the main subject. Thereafter, the unaccusative verbs (monoargumental) and their particularity are presented. A comparison is made between the unaccusative and the inergative verbs. Although they are both monoargumental verbs, they have different syntactic structures from each other. Their Dstructures show such differences.The unaccusative verbs subcategorize a Determiner Phrase (DP) complement (in the object place), while the inergative ones select an external argument. When the inversion of the DP subject occurs, it remains in its original position within the Verb Phrase (VP). According to relevant authors (Pontes, 1986; Kato, 2000; Menuzzi, 2003) to this work, the unaccusative verbs are compatible with the V(erb)S(ubject) order in BP. The occurance of two kinds of agreement is verified in the sentences when the DP subject occupies the post-verbal position. When the verb agrees with the post-verbal DP subject ([pro] Chegaram as visitas), the agreement results from a chain between the post-verbal DP subject and the null expletive pro. When the verb remains in the 3rd person of singular ([pro] Chegou as visitas), it reveals that the agreement is with the pre-verbal null expletive pro, singular according to Mioto et al. (2007). The agreement with the pre-verbal expletive is likewise in French. However in French the pre-verbal expletive is not null; it is the lexical one il.
Este trabalho trata sobre os verbos inacusativos e a livre inversão do sujeito em sentenças declarativas do português brasileiro (PB). É um estudo, com base em revisão bibliográfica, à luz da Sintaxe Gerativa, sob a perspectiva da Teoria da Regência e da Ligação (TRL), proposta por Chomsky (1981), em conformidade com o modelo Princípios e Parâmetros. Primeiramente, é feito um apanhado de tópicos fundamentais (Léxico, Subcategorização Verbal, Teoria do Caso, Teoria Theta, Estrutura de Argumentos) para a TRL, bem como relacionados ao assunto a ser discutido. Após essa exposição, são apresentados os verbos inacusativos (monoargumentais) e as suas especificidades. É feita uma comparação entre os verbos inacusativos e os inergativos, tendo em vista serem ambos monoargumentais. Apesar disso, apresentam estruturas sintáticas completamente distintas. Suas estruturas-D mostram tais diferenças. Os inacusativos subcategorizam um Determiner Phrase (DP) complemento (posição de objeto).Os inergativos selecionam somente argumento externo. Quando ocorre a inversão do DP sujeito, este permanece em sua posição de base, dentro do V(erb)P(hrase). De acordo com autores relevantes (Pontes, 1986; Kato, 2000; Menuzzi, 2003) para este trabalho, os verbos inacusativos são compatíveis com a ordem V(erbo)S(ujeito) no PB. Nas sentenças VS com inacusativos, são verificadas duas possibilidades de concordância. Quando o verbo concorda com o DP sujeito pós-verbal ([pro] Chegaram as visitas), a concordância resulta da cadeia entre o DP sujeito pós-verbal e o expletivo nulo pro pré-verbal. Quando o verbo permanece na 3ª pessoa do singular ([pro] Chegou as visitas), a concordância é realizada com o expletivo nulo pro pré-verbal, que, de acordo com Mioto et al. (2007), é singular. A concordância com o expletivo pré-verbal é como no francês, por exemplo. Porém, no francês, o expletivo pré-verbal não é nulo, é lexical (Il).
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Medim, Ketlen Gomes Nascimento, and 92 98225-4615. "O comportamento melódico das sentenças declarativas e interrogativas na fala de Manaus (AM)." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2018. https://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/6743.
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The present study has as main objective to analyze, in prosodic terms, the intonational behavior of different structures of the lexical accent in different tonal positions. As a study linked to the Atlas Prosodic Multimedia Project of the North Portuguese of Brazil (AMPER-POR), which in turn is linked to the Atlas Multimedia Project Prosodique de l'Espace Roman (AMPER), we have selected for it the corpus already constituted in the AMPER-POR. Field research was carried out in the city of Manaus, in the State of Amazonas, and all methodological procedures covered those already instituted by the project in question. We used 396 phrases where we observed, in the different accent positions, the melodic chains of fundamental frequency, duration and intensity to identify the prosodic sequences of the phrases. The interviews were carried out spontaneously in four informants, one couple with a complete upper level and one with a low level of schooling. From the corpus collected through recording we analyzed simple phrasal structures, but evidencing all possible types of lexical accentuation of Portuguese (oxytone, paroxitone and proparoxytone). The results showed that, with a general incidence of Brazilian Portuguese, in the nuclear position, in the total declarative modality, the flow at the beginning is low, showing a frequency uptake of the tonic syllable and subsequent lowering in the post-tonic syllable. In the total interrogative modality, in contrast to the declarative one, the data showed that the flow at the beginning happens from a raised frequency followed by a decline and again an increase in the post-tonic position. Regarding duration, we did not observe distinctive values between the declarative and interrogative phrase, but we observed that in the interrogative phrase it obtained measures of longer duration. Regarding the intensity, the interrogatives showed a greater energy than the declaratives. It was evident that both intensity and duration are not relevant factors for distinguishing between declarative, total interrogatives in the city of Manaus.
O presente estudo tem como principal objetivo analisar, em termos prosódicos, o comportamento entonacional de diferentes estruturas do acento lexical em diferentes posições tonais. Por ser um estudo vinculado ao Projeto Atlas Prosódico Multimédia do Português do Norte do Brasil (AMPER-POR) que por sua vez está ligado ao projeto Atlas Multimédia Prosodique de l’Espace Roman (AMPER), selecionamos para o mesmo o corpus já constituído no âmbito do AMPER-POR. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada na cidade de Manaus, no Estado do Amazonas e todos os procedimentos metodológicos percorreram os já instituídos pelo projeto em questão. Foram utilizadas neste trabalho 396 frases onde observamos, nas diferentes posições de acento, as cadeias melódicas de frequência fundamental, duração e intensidade para identificarmos seguimentos prosódicos das frases. As entrevistas foram feitas de forma espontânea em quatro informantes, um casal com nível superior completo e outro com baixo nível de escolaridade. Do corpus colhido através de gravação analisamos estruturas frasais simples, porém evidenciando todos os tipos possíveis de acentuação lexical do português (oxítona, paroxítona e proparoxítona). Os resultados obtidos mostraram que, apresentando uma incidência geral do português brasileiro, na posição nuclear, na modalidade declarativa total, o fluxo no começo é baixo, mostrando um alteamento de frequência da silaba tônica e posterior abaixamento na silaba postônica. Na modalidade interrogativa total, contrapondo a declarativa, os dados mostraram que o fluxo no início acontece a partir de uma frequência alteada seguida de um declínio e novamente um alteamento na posição pós-tônica. No que diz respeito a duração, não observamos valores distintivos entre a frase declarativa e interrogativa, mas observamos que na frase interrogativa obteve medidas de duração maiores quando comparada à declarativa. No que diz respeito a intensidade as interrogativas mostraram uma maior energia que as declarativas. Ficou evidente que tanto intensidade quanto duração não são fatores relevantes para distinção entre declarativas, interrogativas totais na cidade de Manaus.
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Braga, Gabriela. "Prosódia do português de São Tomé: o contorno entoacional das sentenças declarativas neutras." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-13082018-154538/.
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Esta dissertação tem como objetivos (i) descrever e analisar o contorno entoacional das sentenças declarativas neutras do português falado na ilha de São Tomé (PST), em São Tomé e Príncipe, especificamente a relação entre associação de eventos tonais ao contorno entoacional e a formação de domínios prosódicos, tanto em fala controlada quanto em fala espontânea, assim como (ii) comparar os resultados encontrados para o PST com aqueles descritos na literatura para outras variedades de português já estudadas sob a mesma perspectiva teórica: variedades lusitanas, brasileiras e de Guiné-Bissau, variedade africana assim como o PST. Nossa hipótese é que do ponto de vista entoacional o PST se distancie do SEP (standard european portuguese, o português falado em Lisboa), embora esta seja considerada a variedade de prestígio no país e tida como alvo pela população, ensinada nas escolas e veiculada na mídia. Para alcançar os objetivos estabelecidos, nos valemos do aparato teórico da Fonologia Entoacional Autossegmental e Métrica, para a investigação da associação de eventos tonais ao contorno entoacional, numa abordagem integrada à Fonologia Prosódica, para verificarmos a formação dos constituintes prosódicos e identificação dos domínios relevantes na atribuição de eventos tonais. Dentre as características prosódicas e entoacionais que encontramos, destacamos (i) a alta densidade tonal do contorno entoacional das sentenças declarativas neutras em PST; (ii) a associação de acentos tonais (pitch accents) a todas as palavras prosódicas nas sentenças de fala controlada;(iii) a associação obrigatória de acento tonal à palavra prosódica cabeça de sintagma entoacional, seguido de um tom de fronteira associado à sua fronteira direita; (iv) a possibilidade de associação de acento frasal (phrasal accent) à fronteira de sintagmas fonológicos; (v) a configuração de contorno nuclear majoritariamente baixa (L* L%), embora também seja possível a realização de um contorno nuclear descendente (H+L* L%) para as sentenças declarativas neutras dessa variedade de português. Através desta dissertação, apontamos características entoacionais e prosódicas do PST que o afastam do SEP e que podem ser consideradas como argumentos para a consolidação do PST como uma variedade que possui (assim como o PB) uma gramática entoacional própria, não se tratando de uma produção considerada irregular da variedade tida como padrão.This study aims to (i) describe and analyze the intonational contour on neutral declarative sentences in the Portuguese spoken on São Tomé island, in São Tomé & Principe (PST), specifically the relation between the association of tonal events with the intonational contour and the formation of prosodic domains, either on controlled or spontaneous speech and (ii) compare the results achieved on PST with the ones described on previous papers on other Portuguese varieties already studied under the same theoretical perspective: lusitanic varieties, Brazilian varieties, and from Guinea-Bissau, an African Portuguese variety, like PST. Our hypothesis is that from the intonational point of view, PST stands far away from the SEP (standard European Portuguese), although that is the prestige variety and seen as a goal by the population, taught in schools and used by the media. To accomplish these objectives, we used the theoretical apparatus supplied by the Metric and Autosegmental Intonation Phonology to investigate the association of tonal events to the intonational contour, approaching it while integrated to the Prosodic Phonology, to verify the formation of prosodic constituents and the identification of relevant domains to the tonal event attribution. Among the prosodic and intonation characteristics we found, we highlight (i) the high tonal density of the intonational contour of the neutral declarative sentences in PST; (ii) the association of pitch accents with every prosodic word in the controlled speech sentences; (iii) the mandatory association of pitch accent to the intonational phrase head prosodic word, followed by a boundary tone associated to its right-side edge; (iv) the possibility of associating the phrasal accent to the phonological phrase edge; (v) predominantly low nuclear contour configuration (L* L%), although it is also possible to perform a top-down nuclear contour (H+L* L%) to the neutral declarative sentences in this Portuguese variety. With this paper, we point out PSTs intonational and prosodic characteristics that ward it off from SEP that may be considered as arguments for the consolidation of PST as a variety possessing (just like the PB) its own intonational grammar, proving it is not a production considered as irregular when compared to the standard one.
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Nunes, Vanessa Gonzaga. "Análises entonacionais de sentenças declarativas e interrogativas totais nos falares florianopolitano e lageano." Florianópolis, SC, 2011. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/94972.
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Dissertação(mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Linguística, Florianópolis, 2011Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-25T18:44:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 293152.pdf: 9507479 bytes, checksum: a6eb05a7cf1b277aecbcd4e0c2f18172 (MD5)
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar o comportamento entonacional dos falares florianopolitano e lageano, relativos a duas cidades do estado de Santa Catarina. Trata-se de um estudo vinculado ao projeto AMPER, que busca descrever a prosódia das línguas românicas e, para isso, utiliza um corpus de sentenças declarativas e interrogativas totais. As sentenças do corpus podem ter 10, 13 e 14 vogais, sendo que os dois últimos tipos apresentam sintagma com extensão adjetival ou preposicionado, respectivamente, à direita do verbo, como em "O pássaro gosta do Renato nadador" ou "O pássaro gosta do Renato de Mônaco". No total, trabalhamos com um corpus de 528 frases, nas quais foram observados o prénúcleo e o núcleo entonacionais, separadamente. Descrevemos, para essas regiões de acento, as configurações melódicas da frequência fundamental, duração e intensidade, buscando as semelhanças e as diferenças entre os dois falares em questão. Os dados são representados em gráficos gerados automaticamente com o auxílio de sripts e etiquetagens manuais através do software Praat. Podemos, assim, analisar os parâmetros prosódicos e comparar o comportamento das duas modalidades inter-informantes. Relacionamos o padrão entonacional dos informantes às proeminências reveladas nos sintagmas, principalmente em região de núcleo, à duração das tônicas e aos apagamentos que podem influenciar a melodia dos falares regionais. Testes perceptuais investigaram a percepção do florianopolitano em relação ao falar do lageano. Apuramos que, na região de núcleo, as proeminências das curvas melódicas distinguem as modalidades declarativas e interrogativas nos dois falares. É no detalhamento intrassilábico, no entanto, que estão algumas das diferenças entre esses dialetos. Os detalhes indicam que, para as declarativas, o alinhamento, em geral, é à esquerda, porém a inclinação da curva é maior para o florianopolitano do que para o lageano. Nas interrogativas, o lageano traz um alinhamento mais à direita enquanto, para o florianopolitano, é mais medial. Os florianopolitanos também realizam mais apagamentos do que os lageanos e isso influência na duração das sentenças e consequentemente na velocidade de fala. O teste de discriminação perceptual mostrou que os falantes florianopolitanos discriminam entre os dois dialetos e, no teste de identificação perceptual das modalidades, foram as sentenças produzidas pelos lageanos as que apresentaram mais baixo percentual de acerto.
The aim of the present study was to analyze the intonational pattern of speaking of Florianopolis and Lages, cities of the state of Santa Catarina. This study is linked to the project AMPER, whose objective is to describe the prosody of romance languages, using a corpus of total declarative and interrogative sentences. The sentences of the corpus can present 10, 13 and 14 vowels, and the latter two types can present phrases with adjectival or prepositional extension, respectively, to the right of the verb, as in #O pássaro gosta do Renato nadador# or #O pássaro gosta do Renato de Mônaco#. The corpus consisted of 528 sentences, where the intonational pre-core and core were analyzed separately. Melodic configurations of the fundamental frequency, duration and intensity were described for the two regions of stress, determining similarities and differences between the two dialects. Data are presented in graphs automatically generated from scripts and manual labeling using the software Praat. Prosodic parameters could thus be analyzed and the behavior of the two modalidades compared ntersubjects. The intonational pattern of subjects was analyzed according to the prominence presented in the phrases, especially in the core region, as well as to the duration of stressed syllables and deletions which could influence the melody of the dialects. Perceptual tests were performed in order to investigate the perception of subjects from Florianopolis in relation to subjects from Lages. Results showed that, on the core region, the prominences of melodic curves distinguish the declarative and interrogative modalities in the dialects. Differences between both dialects, Florianopolis and Lages speaking, may be observed at the intrasyllabic level. Results indicated that, for declaratives, the alignment is, in general, to the left, but the slope of the curve is higher for Florianopolis speaking than for Lages speaking. For interrogatives, Lages speaking presents an alignment to-the-right while Florianopolis speaking shows a medial alignment. Florianopolis speaking presented more deletion than Lages speaking, and this may play a role on the duration of the sentences and speed rate as well. Perceptual test showed that subjects from Florianopolis discriminate between both dialects. Perceptual identification test showed that sentences spoken by subjects from Lages presented lower percentage of accuracy.
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LEMOS, Rosinele Lemos e. "A variação prosódica em sentenças declarativas e interrogativas do português falado em Baião - Pará." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/6723.
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A presente pesquisa está vinculada ao projeto AMPER-NORTE (Atlas Multimídia Prosódico do Norte do Brasil), que faz parte do AMPER-POR (Atlas Multimídia Prosódico do Português). Este estudo contribuirá com a formação do Atlas Multimídia Prosódico do Norte do Brasil e tem como objetivo principal caracterizar a variedade dialetal prosódica do português falado na zona urbana do município de Baião (PA). Todos os procedimentos metodológicos adotados seguem as orientações estabelecidas pela coordenação geral do Projeto AMPER - POR. O corpus é formado com seis informantes e 66 frases, estruturadas sintaticamente em SVC (sujeito + verbo + complemento) e suas expansões (sintagma adjetival e sintagma preposicional), obedecendo as mesmas restrições fonéticas e sintáticas e mantendo o padrão dos corpora constituídos por variedades do português do projeto AMPER –POR. As sentenças do corpus têm 10, 13 e 14 vogais e todas as frases foram repetidas seis vezes por cada informante formando um corpus total de 396 frases. Os dados foram coletados com três homens e três mulheres, dos níveis de escolaridade fundamental, médio e superior, com idade entre 35 a 75 anos. O corpus selecionado é constituído de 42 frases – 21 declarativas e 21 interrogativas – que contemplam as três pautas acentuais do português. Em todas as sentenças foram analisadas as modalidades declarativas e interrogativas, e as análises acústicas das vogais foram feitas em seis etapas. Os parâmetros acústicos analisados foram: Frequência Fundamental (semitons), duração (ms) e intensidade (dB). Os resultados desse estudo demonstraram que o parâmetro acústico de F0 é o mais relevante na distinção entre enunciados declarativos e interrogativos. Observou-se, tanto nos sintagmas nominais finais simples quanto nos compostos, um contorno entoacional em formato de “pinça” no último sintagma nominal final dos vocábulos, e esse movimento mostra que a F0 é descendente para as modalidades declarativas e ascendente para as frases interrogativas. A duração (ms) complementa a F0 na distinção das duas modalidades frasais. Já a intensidade (dB) não se mostrou um parâmetro relevante para distinguir as sentenças declarativas e interrogativas na variedade falada em Baião (PA).
This research is linked to the AMPER NORTH Project (Brazilian North prosodic multimedia atlas), which is part of AMPER – POR (Portuguese prosodic multimedia atlas). This study is going to contribute to constitute the Brazilian North multimedia atlas and its main goal is to characterize the Portuguese dialectal prosodic (variety spoken in the urban zone of Baião city PA). All the adopted methodological procedures follow the orientations settled by the general coordination of AMPER Project – POR. The corpus is composed by 06 informers and 66 phrases, syntactically structured in SVC (subject + verb + complement) and their expansions (adjectival syntagma and prepositional syntagma), obeying the same phonetic and syntactic restrictions and keeping the pattern of the corpora constituted by Portuguese varieties of AMPER Project – POR. The sentences of the corpus have 10, 13 and 14 vowels and all the phrases were repeated 06 times by each informer, constituting a total corpus of 396 phrases. The data of 06 informers were collected with three men and three women, from basic level of education medium level of education and higher level of education. Informers are aged between 35 and 75 years old. The selected corpus is constituted by 42 phrases – 21 declarative phrases and 21 interrogative – total ones, which compose the three accentual options of Portuguese. The declarative and interrogative modalities were analyzed on all the sentences and the acoustic analysis of the vowels were made in 06 parts. The analyzed acoustic parameters were: fundamental frequency (semitones), duration (ms) and intensity (dB). The results showed that the acoustic parameter of F0 is the most relevant to distinguish declarative and interrogative enunciations. It was noticed, as well on the final nominal syntagmas, as on the on the composed ones, a sound contour on the shape of a “griper”, on the last final nominal syntagma of the words and this movement shows that F0 is descendent for the declarative and ascendent to the interrogative modalities. We can understand that the duration complements F0 to distinguish the declarative and interrogative modalities. The intensity was not relevant to distinguish the modalities spoken in Baião city (PA).
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Souza, Karine Kellvia de. "Análise do fenômeno da declinação na entonação de sentenças declarativas isoladas dos falantes do português brasileiro." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/VCSA-77SQT3.
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This dissertation had as central task to analyze the occurrence of the phenomenon of fundamental frequency declination in isolated declarative sentences by Brazilian Portuguese speakers in Belo Horizonte. Declination is characterized as the gradual decline of F0 values towards the end of an utterance. This is an experimental study that investigates declination - under the phonetic point of view, as a phenomenon observed in many languages - by means of the qualitative and quantitative analysis of 260 sentences pronounced for 13 informers. Twovariables were chosen for the corpus: i) declarative sentences with ii) short and long extension. The initial hypothesis was that declination in short sentences was larger than in the long ones. The data - fundamental frequency values in relation to time - has been collected using the program Winpitch and submitted to a linear regression analysis. The results provide evidence for the occurrence of the phenomenon in short declarative sentences as much as in long ones with no statistical difference between them, which ran counter the initial hypothesis raised by the researcher. The present study not only certifies the relevance of declination as a trend of the language and the presence of the phenomenon in isolated declarative sentences independent of their extension, contrary to a conception defended by many, that declination ismostly present in short sentences.Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal analisar a ocorrência do fenômeno da declinação da freqüência fundamental em sentenças declarativas isoladas pronunciadas por falantes do Português Brasileiro de Belo Horizonte. A declinação é caracterizada como o declínio gradativo dos valores de F0 ao longo de um enunciado. Trata-se, pois, de um estudo experimental que investiga a declinação sob o ponto de vista fonético, como fenômeno comumente observado em diversas línguas por meio da análise qualitativa e quantitativa de 260 sentenças proferidas por 13 informantes. Elegeu-se duas grandes variáveis paraconstrução do corpus, quais sejam: i) sentenças declarativas com ii) extensão curta e longa. A hipótese levantada, consoante à literatura, foi a de que a declinação em sentenças longas fosse menor que nas curtas. Os dados valores de freqüência fundamental em relação ao tempo foram coletados com o auxílio do programa de análise acústica Winpitch e submetidos a uma análise de regressão linear. Os resultados asseguram a ocorrência do fenômeno tanto nas sentenças declarativas curtas quanto nas longas, sem, contudo evidenciar diferença entre elas,o que não esteve de acordo com a hipótese inicial levantada pela pesquisadora. O presente estudo não apenas atesta a relevância do fenômeno da declinação e o seu comportamento como uma tendência da língua, mas, sobretudo assegura a presença da declinação emsentenças declarativas isoladas curtas e longas, independente de sua extensão, concepção defendida por muitos, de que o fenômeno é mais bem percebido nas sentenças curtas.
Books on the topic "Declarative sentences"
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Watkins, T. Arwyn. Constituent order in the positive declarative sentence in the medieval Welsh tale 'Kulhwch ac Olwen'. Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck, 1988.
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True to form: Rising and falling declaratives as questions in English. New York: Routledge, 2003.
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Canada. Dept. of Foreign Affairs and International Trade. Transfer of offenders : Inter-American Convention on Serving Criminal Sentences Abroad (with declaration), Managua, June 9, 1993, signed by Canada July 8, 1994, ratified by Canada June 4, 1995, in force for Canada April 13,1996 =: Transfèrement des délinquants : Convention interaméricaine sur l'exécution des décisions pénales à l'étranger (avec déclaration), Managua, le 9 juin 1993, signée par le Canada le 8 juillet 1994, ratifiée par le Canada le 4 juin 1995, en vigueur pour le Canada le 13 avril 1996. Ottawa, Ont: Queen's Printer = Imprimeur de la Reine, 1997.
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Murray, Sarah E. Declarative sentences. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199681570.003.0004.
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Chapter 4 develops a compositional implementation of this analysis for evidentials in declarative sentences that does not appeal to separate dimensions of illocutionary meaning. In particular, I use an update semantics where both truth‐conditional content and anaphoric potential is encoded (Update with Centering). The formal implementation builds on work in dynamic semantics and the semantics of assertion and questions. This compositional, dynamic implementation integrates the different kinds of semantic contributions discussed in Chapter 3 into a single representation of meaning.
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Hackett, Paul M. W. Declarative Mapping Sentences in Qualitative Research. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351013994.
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Declarative Mapping Sentences in Qualitative Research: Theoretical, Linguistic, and Applied Usages. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
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Hackett, Paul M. W. Declarative Mapping Sentences in Qualitative Research: Theoretical, Linguistic, and Applied Usages. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
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Hackett, Paul M. W. Declarative Mapping Sentences in Qualitative Research: Theoretical, Linguistic, and Applied Usages. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
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Hackett, Paul M. W. Declarative Mapping Sentences in Qualitative Research: Theoretical, Linguistic, and Applied Usages. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
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Portner, Paul. Sentence mood. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199547524.003.0003.
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Sentence mood is the linguistic category which marks the fundamental conversational function, or “sentential force,” of a sentence. Exemplified by the universal types of declarative, interrogative, and imperative sentences (as well as by less-common types), sentence mood has been a major topic of research in both linguistics and philosophy. This chapter identifies the two main theories which address the topic, one based on speech act theory and the other on dynamic approaches to meaning. It explains and evaluates current research which uses the two theories, and identifies the most important insights which come out of each.
Book chapters on the topic "Declarative sentences"
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Stenson, Nancy. "Non-declarative sentences." In Modern Irish, 40–49. New York : Taylor & Francis, 2019. |: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315302034-8.
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Magnus, Ilse. "The distribution of adverbials in declarative sentences in French." In Non-Nuclear Cases, 173–216. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cagral.6.06mag.
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Hackett, Paul M. W. "Analysing Results from Research Using Traditional and Declarative Mapping Sentences." In The Complexity of Bird Behaviour, 147–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12192-1_7.
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Cardinaletti, Anna, and Lori Repetti. "Preverbal vowels in wh-questions and declarative sentences in Northern Italian Piacentine dialects." In Romance Linguistics 2009, 353–68. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.315.21car.
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Elordieta, Gorka, and Aritz Irurtzun. "Pitch accent tonal alignment in declarative sentences in the Spanish of the Basque Country." In Intonational Grammar in Ibero-Romance, 25–44. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ihll.6.02elo.
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Hackett, Paul M. W. "The Declarative Mapping Sentence and Qualitative Facet Theory Research." In Facet Theory and the Mapping Sentence, 121–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66199-1_4.
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Hackett, Paul M. W. "The declarative mapping sentence as a framework for conducting ethnographic health research." In Handbook of Ethnography in Healthcare Research, 80–93. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429320927-11.
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Lepore, Ernest, and Kirk Ludwig. "Non‐Declarative Sentences." In Donald Davidson's Truth-Theoretic Semantics, 263–84. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199290932.003.0013.
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Hackett, Paul M. W. "Declarative Mapping Sentences." In Declarative Mapping Sentences in Qualitative Research, 43–79. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351013994-3.
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Hackett, Paul M. W. "Introduction to Mapping Sentences." In Declarative Mapping Sentences in Qualitative Research, 1–30. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351013994-1.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Declarative sentences"
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Cahyaningtyas, Elok, and Dhany Arifianto. "HMM-based Indonesian speech synthesis system with declarative and question sentences intonation." In 2015 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ISPACS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ispacs.2015.7432756.
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Nanaumi, Shunsuke, Kazunori Wagatsuma, Yuichi Goto, and Jingde Cheng. "Development of a supporting tool for translation between declarative sentences and logical formulas." In 2013 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics (ICMLC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmlc.2013.6890769.
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Malyuga, Elena, Svetlana Orlova, Maria Ivanova, and Alex Krouglov. "METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS IN TRAINING BUSINESSPEOPLE: ENGLISH DECLARATIVE SENTENCES INTONATION CONTOURS IN BUSINESS NEGOTIATIONS." In International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2017.0934.
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Simard, Candide. "Prosodic encoding of declarative, interrogative and imperative sentences in jaminjung, a language of australia." In Interspeech 2013. ISCA: ISCA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2013-229.
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Li, Aijun, Xinyuan Wan, Chenyang Zhao, and Lin Zhu. "Phonological and Phonetic Realization of Narrow Focus in Declarative Sentences by Jinan L2 English Learners." In 10th International Conference on Speech Prosody 2020. ISCA: ISCA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/speechprosody.2020-179.
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Acharya, Sudipta, and Shyamal Kr Das Mandal. "The intonation of Bangla sentences: Declarative, Wh-questions and yes/no by using Empirical Mode of Decomposition." In 2012 4th International Conference on Intelligent Human Computer Interaction (IHCI). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ihci.2012.6481825.
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binti Muhamad Noor, Yusnita, and Zulikha binti Jamaludin. "Malay declarative sentence: Visualization and sentence correction." In 2012 IEEE Conference on Open Systems (ICOS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icos.2012.6417659.
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Septiana, Ika, Bambang Yulianto, and Kisyani Laksono. "Declarative Sentence Spectrograph Produced by Children with Autism." In International Conference on Teacher Training and Education 2017 (ICTTE 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ictte-17.2017.102.
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Ge, Chunyu, and Aijun Li. "Declination and boundary effect in Cantonese declarative sentence." In 2018 11th International Symposium on Chinese Spoken Language Processing (ISCSLP). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscslp.2018.8706677.
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Hiroshima, Nobuaki, Setsuo Yamada, Osamu Furuse, and Ryoji Kataoka. "Searching for sentences expressing opinions by using declaratively subjective clues." In the Workshop. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1654641.1654647.
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