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Kamat, Rohit Babli. "Phytoremediation for dye decolorization." Diss., Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/17548.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics
Lawrence C. Davis
Synthetic dyes are capable of producing the whole color spectrum on account of their structural diversity but this diversity poses challenges in the degradation of dyeing wastes. Laccases and peroxidases from bacterial or fungal sources and parts of plants in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) plus a mediator have been exploited in the bioremediation of synthetic dyes. However, intact plants have not found much favor despite their phytoremediation potential. The goal of this research was to further clarify ways by which whole plants bring about decolorization of different types of synthetic dyes. Hydroponically cultivated plants from two dicot families namely Arabidopsis thaliana and sunflowers (Helianthus annuus) were exposed to representative dyes from several classes: monoazo (Methyl Red and Methyl Orange), disazo (Trypan Blue, Evans Blue and Chicago Blue 6B), and arylmethane (Brilliant Blue G, Bromocresol Green, Malachite Green and Phenol Red). Tests were done in presence or absence of externally added H₂O₂, with or without a free radical mediator, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, using UV-Visible spectrophotometry. The initial rate of decolorization and the overall percentage decolorization was calculated for each dye in the different treatments. Decolorization of the dyes from different classes varied between plant species and depending on the treatment. Except for Methyl Red, all dyes required added H₂O₂ as well as mediator to achieve rapid decolorization. Added H₂O₂ was found to be the limiting factor since it was degraded by plants within a few hours. Both species were able to slowly decolorize dyes upon daily addition of fresh dye even in the absence of added H₂O₂ and mediator, provided that nutrients were supplied to the plants with the dye. A. thaliana was found to be more effective in dye decolorization per gram tissue than sunflower when treated under similar conditions. Analysis of the residual dye solution by ESI/MS did not reveal any potential by-products following the decolorization treatment with plants, suggesting that the plant roots might be trapping the by-products of dye decolorization and preventing their release into the solution. All these findings support the potential application of whole plants for larger scale remediation.
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Matthews, Rosalyn D. "Transformation and decolorization of reactive phthalocyanine." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2003. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04062004-164728/unrestricted/matthews%5Frosalyn%5Fd%5F200312%5Fphd.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. Directed by Spyros G. Pavlostathis.Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 381-393).
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Yang, Hanbae. "Zero-Valent Iron Decolorization of the Anthraquinone Dye Reactive Blue 4 and Biodegradation Assessment of its Decolorization Products." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/6920.
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Anthraquinone dyes constitute the second largest class of textile dyes, and are used extensively in the textile industry. A high fraction of the initial reactive dye mass used in the dyeing process remains in the spent dyebath. Reactive dyes are not readily removed by typical wastewater treatment processes and the high salt concentration typical of reactive dyeing further complicates the management of spent reactive dyebaths. Investigation of the reductive transformation of reactive anthraquinone dyes and their decolorization products has been very limited. Additionally, very limited research has been conducted on the decolorization of spent reactive dyebaths.
Research was conducted to investigate the key operational parameters of batch and continuous-flow ZVI decolorization of a reactive anthraquinone dye, Reactive Blue 4 (RB4), under anoxic conditions, as well as the potential for the biodegradation of its decolorization products in a halophilic culture under aerobic conditions. The effect of two operational parameters, such as mixing intensity and initial dye concentration, on the ZVI batch decolorization kinetics indicates that ZVI decolorization of RB4 is a surface-catalyzed, mass transfer-limited process. The high salt and base concentrations enhanced the rate of RB4 decolorization. Based on parameters such as porosity, hydraulic conductivity, pore water velocity, and dispersion coefficient, non-ideal transport characteristics were observed in a continuous-flow ZVI column. The results of a long-term continuous-flow ZVI decolorization kinetics demonstrated that continuous-flow ZVI decolorization is feasible. However, column porosity losses and a shift of reaction kinetics occur in long-term column operation. ZVI decolorization of RB4 was successfully described with a pseudo first-order or a site saturation model. Lastly, the RB4 decolorization products generated by ZVI treatment had no inhibitory effect on the halophilic culture. However, biodegradation and/or mineralization of RB4 decolorization products was not observed after a long-term incubation of the culture.
This research demonstrated the feasibility of ZVI decolorization of reactive anthraquinone dyes, which will help in the development of a continuous-flow, dyebath decolorization process and the possible reuse of the renovated dyebath in the dyeing operation. Such a system could lead to substantial reduction of water usage, as well as a decrease of salt and dye discharges.
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Beydilli, Mumtaz Inan. "Reductive biotransformation and decolorization of reactive azo dyes." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21451.
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Lee, Young H. "Reductive biotransformation and decolorization of reactive anthraquinone dyes." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2003. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04062004-164708/unrestricted/lee%5Fyoung%5Fh%5F200312%5Fphd.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. Directed by Spyros G. Pavlostathis.Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 332-345).
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Fontenot, Eric John. "Decolorization of selective reactive blue dyes under methanogenic conditions." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21697.
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Perng, Yuan-Shing, and Ha-Manh Bui. "Decolorization of reactive dyeing wastewater by Poly Aluminium Chloride." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-176575.
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Color removal of some reactive dyes (Blue 19, Black 5 and Red 195) using a local Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC) was investigated with Jar-test experiment. The dyes were removed (above 94%) at optimal pH 7 (Red 195) and pH 10 (Blue 19 and Black 5). The PAC dosage of 220 mg/L (Blue 19 and Black 5) and 160 mg/L (Red 195) were found to be best for decreasing dye up to 50 mg/L (Black 5, Red 195) and 100 mg/L (Blue 19). Reaction time and agit ation speed also affected the decolorization process. That result indicates that Vietnamese PAC can be a robust and economical coagulant for discolorization of reactive dyeing processChất keo tụ Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC) sản xuất tại Việt nam được ứng dụng khử màu của một số màu nhuộm hoạt tính phổ biến (Blue 19, Black 5 and Red 195) trên thí nghiệm Jar-test. Kết quả cho thấy màu bị loại gần như hoàn toàn (trên 94 %) tại pH 7 (Red 195) hoặc 10 (Blue 19 và Black 5). Nồng độ PAC đạt hiệu quả tốt nhất tại 220 mg/L (Blue 19 và Black 5) và 160 mg/L (Red 195) ứng với nồng độ màu 50 mg/L (Black 5, Red 195) hay 100 mg/L (Blue 19). Thời gian phản ứng, tốc độ khuấy cũng có tác động đến hiệu suất khử màu. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy PAC sản xuất tại Việt nam không những là một chất keo tụ tốt mà còn rất kinh tế cho việc khử màu hoàn toàn trong nước thải nhuộm hoạt tính
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Perng, Yuan-Shing, and Ha-Manh Bui. "Decolorization of Reactive Red 195 solution by electrocoagulation process." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-176597.
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In this study, the application of bipolar electrocoagulation (EC) with iron electrode has been assessed for color removal of simulated wastewater containing Reactive Red 195. The influence of initial pH, sodium sulfate concentration, initial dye concentration, electrolysis time, and electric current were examined. The optimum operational parameters were found to be pH =11, concentration of dye = 50 mg L-1, sodium sulfate concentration = 1200 mg L-1, electrolysis time = 5 min and electric current = 4 A. In such condition, color removal efficiency achieved over 99%. This result indicates that EC can be used as an efficient and “green” method for color removal from reactive dye solutionTrong nghiên cứu này, quá trình khử màu nhuộm hoạt tính (Reactive Red 195) được khảo sát bằng hệ thống keo tụ điện hóa điện cực kép, với vật liệu sắt. Các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến quá trình khử màu như pH, nồng độ màu nhuộm, nồng độ muối Na2SO4, thời gian phản ứng và cường độ dòng được lựa chọn nghiên cứu. Kết quả cho thấy hệ thống điện hóa trên loại gần như hoàn toàn màu nhuộm với hiệu suất đạt trên 99 % tại pH 11, nồng độ màu 50 mgL-1 và nống độ muối Na2SO4 1200 mgL-1 trong khoảng thời gian 5phút. Kết quả trên cho thấy keo tụ điện hóa có thể xem là một phương pháp xử lý hiệu quả và “xanh” trong việc loại bỏ hoàn toàn màu từ nước thải nhuộm hoạt tính
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Yoo, Eui Sun. "Biological and chemical mechanisms of reductive decolorization of azo dyes." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://edocs.tu-berlin.de/diss/2000/yoo_eui.pdf.
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Perng, Yuan-Shing, and Ha-Manh Bui. "Decolorization of reactive dyeing wastewater by ferrous ammonium sulfate hexahydrate." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-176606.
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This paper presents the result of dyeing solution coagulation with the use of ferrous ammonium sulfate hexah ydrate (FAS). The examined solution contains two reactive dyes: Black 5 and Blue 19. It has been shown that the efficiency of the dye removal depends on the type of dye, coagulation dosage and the initial pH. Our result showed that the increase of initial pH up to 12 enhanced the color removal efficiency; the FAS dose was 280 ml (Black 5) and 180 mg/l (Blue 19) at slow mixing time (15 min), agitation speed 60 rpm, and the initial dye concentration should be 50 and 100 mg/L for Black 5 and Blue 19, respectivelyChất keo tụ sắt (II) amoni sulfate (FAS) được sử dụng khử màu của hai màu nhuộm hoạt tính phổbiến (Blue 19 và Black 5). Kết quả cho thấy, quá trình keo tụ bịảnh hưởng nhiều bởi loại màu nhuộm, nồng độ chất keo tụ và pH của dung dịch đầu vào. Với nồng độ FAS 280 mg/l (Black 5) và 180 mg/l (Blue 19), pH đầu vào dung dịch khoảng 12, thời gian phản ứng 15 phút, tốc độ khuấy 60 vòng/phút ứng với nồng độ màu Black 50 mg/L và blue 100 mg/L dung dịch gần như mất màu hoàn toàn
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Duygulu, Yusuf Bahadir. "Decolorization Of Synthetic Dye Solutions By Using Basaltic Tephra And Clinoptilolite." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605241/index.pdf.
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Discharge of colored effluents without decoloration originated from textile industries may cause serious problems in the receiving environments.
In this study, natural materials that are basaltic tephra and clinoptilolite were used to remove various dyestuffs used in the textile industry. Those materials are cheap and available in large quantities in Turkey. The investigation of adsorption of basic, acidic and reactive dyes on these materials is the objective of this study.
During preliminary experiments it was seen that adsorption equilibrium was reached in about 2 days. In adsorption experiments, in order to obtain adsorption isotherms, a fixed amount of adsorbent and 100 mL dye solutions of different concentrations were placed in glass bottles which were shaken at 200 rpm and 25±2oC for 2 days. Then, samples were filtered and the equilibrium concentrations of dyestuffs in the solutions were determined by using spectrophotometer at appropriate wavelength corresponding to the maximum absorbency. After equilibrium concentrations of the solutions were obtained, Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm constants were calculated for the adsorbents used in this study. The removal efficiencies for cationic basic dyes are higher than those for anionic acidic and reactive dyes with the natural materials. Therefore, modification of surface properties of natural materials with a cationic surfactant was considered to increase the removal efficiencies of those for anionic dyes. After modification of the surface properties, adsorption capacities of adsorbents for anionic dyes were higher than those of natural materials. Finally, the adsorption capacity of activated carbon for the same dyes was determined to compare with that of natural and modified materials. The results showed that the adsorption of dyes on adsorbents used in this study fitted nicely the Langmuir Isotherm Equations.
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Supaka, Nuttapun. "Microbial decolorization of reactive dyes in an anaerobic : aerobic treatment system." Toulouse, INPT, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPT031G.
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Dans ce travail, des souches bactériennes isolées d'unitéss de traitement d'effluents de l'industrie textile, ont été étudiées pour leur aptitude à dégrader des colorants. Une culture mixte A5-S1 s'est révélée la plus efficace sur des colorants de type azoi͏̈que et anthraquinone. Les souches ont été identifiées, elles appartiennent au genre Paenibacillus. Les conditions expérimentales ont été définies, cuivre et nitrates se sont avérés inhibiteurs. L'anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate accélère la décoloration par la souche A5. Cette quinone est réduite enzymatiquement en hydroquinone qui ensuite réduit chimiquement le colorant azoi͏̈que hors de la cellule. Il a été suggéré un rôle actif de la NADH quinone oxydoréductase membranaire dans cette réduction. Un réacteur à lit fluidisé mettant en oeuvre des cellules immobilisées dans des billes d'alginate a été utilisé en réacteur batch séquentiel : la décoloration s'effectue en anaérobiose suivie de l'abattement de la DCO en aérobiose.
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Celebi, Ipek. "Color Formation In Wheat Starch Based Glucose Syrups And Use Of Activated Carbons For Sugar Decolorization." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607270/index.pdf.
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Glucose syrups were produced from wheat starch at 45-90 min liquefaction times followed by 18 h saccharification to study the effect of liquefaction time on color formation and the use of several amounts (0.25%-1%) and types (NORIT, commercialand hazelnut husk, apricot stone, hazelnut shell based
prepared in Chemical Engineering Department) of activated carbons for color removal. The fractional conversion values and color levels of glucose syrups increased with increasing liquefaction time. However, to reduce the color level to 100 ICUMSA units, the smallest amount of all types of activated carbons were required for, the glucose syrups with highest level of original color, which were produced at 90 min liquefaction time. Comparison of the performances of the activated carbons showed that hazelnut husk based one was as good as NORIT, while apricot stone based and hazelnut shell based activated carbons showed similar performances, which were somewhat poorer than that of NORIT and hazelnut shell based activated carbon.
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McCuistion, Fred Talmadge. "Metabolism, nutritional effects, and mutagenesis of crystal violet decolorization by a biofungicide agent Pseudomonas putida strain M-17." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10102009-020058/.
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Pessoa, Germana de Paiva. "Estudo da RemoÃÃo de Cor de Efluente TÃxtil por EletrocoagulaÃÃo." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2008. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1396.
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FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgicoA cor dos efluentes tÃxteis oriunda das estruturas polimÃricas dos corantes à um problema para as indÃstrias tÃxteis. Dentre as tÃcnicas para o tratamento desse tipo de efluente, ressalta-se a eletrocoagulaÃÃo (EC), a qual consiste em uma tÃcnica fÃsico-quÃmica aplicada tanto para remoÃÃo de cor como para poluentes orgÃnicos. Neste trabalho, avaliaram-se, em sistema de batelada, trÃs etapas do processo EC na remoÃÃo de cor de corantes. Na primeira etapa (efluente sintÃtico e eletrodos de alumÃnio primÃrio) foi utilizado o corante reativo, Remazol Blue RR, onde verificou-se o efeito dos parÃmetros operacionais, tais como: densidade de corrente, o pH inicial da soluÃÃo, tempo de eletrÃlise, concentraÃÃo inicial do corante, condutividade da soluÃÃo, demanda quÃmica de oxigÃnio (DQO) e o consumo de energia, obtendo-se uma remoÃÃo de cor de 98% e 100%, em um tempo de tratamento de 20 e 40 minutos, respectivamente. Nas condiÃÃes operacionais otimizadas, foram obtidos 98% remoÃÃo de cor e 97% de DQO, sendo o custo do processo de R$ 2,62 por m3 de efluente tratado. Na segunda etapa (efluente sintÃtico e eletrodos de latinhas reciclÃveis), verificou-se uma remoÃÃo de cor de 90% e 95% para o tempo de tratamento de 20 e 30 minutos, respectivamente. Ressalta-se que, para o tempo de 20 minutos, o custo operacional foi de R$ 0,95, enquanto que, para 30 minutos foi de R$ 1,42 por m de efluente tratado. Na terceira etapa utilizou-se efluente tÃxtil real, proveniente da indÃstria BenatÃxtil localizada na cidade de Fortaleza - Cearà e eletrodo de alumÃnio primÃrio. O melhor resultado de remoÃÃo de cor foi de 77,63%, com diluiÃÃo de 5%, tempo de tratamento de 30 minutos e pH inicial 3,0. O custo energÃtico calculado para essa etapa foi de R$ 2,01 por m3 de efluente tratado. Nesse estudo foi possÃvel verificar que o processo de eletrocoagulaÃÃo pode ser eficiente na remoÃÃo de cor de um efluente sintÃtico constituÃdo por corantes, mas que, para o efluente tÃxtil real sem nenhum tratamento prÃvio faz-se necessÃrio a diluiÃÃo do mesmo, devido à alta concentraÃÃo do corante e elevada condutividade.
The textile effluent color resultant from dyes polymeric structures is a problem for textile industries. Amongst the treatment techniques for this type of effluent, it is emphasized the electrocoagulation (EC), which consists of a physicochemical technique applied for either color or organic pollutants removal. In this work, three stages of the EC process, in batch, for dye color removal were assessed. In the first stage (synthetic effluent and primary aluminum electrodes), the reactive dye Remazol Blue RR was used and the effect of operational parameters such as electric current density, initial solution pH, electrolysis time, initial dye concentration, solution conductivity, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the energy consumption was verified, reaching a color removal of 98% and 100%, for the treatment time of 20 and 40 minutes, respectively. In the optimized operational conditions, 98% of color removal and 97 % of DQO removal were obtained, resulting a process cost of R$ 2,62 per m3 of treated effluent. In the second stage (synthetic effluent and electrodes made from cans), a color removal of 90% and 95%, for the treatment time of 20 and 30 minutes, was verified, respectively. It is important to mention that, for the time of 20 minutes, the operational cost was R$ 0,95, whereas, for 30 minutes, was R$ 1,42 per m3 of treated effluent. In the third stage, real textile effluent from BenatÃxtil, a textile industry located in Fortaleza city â CearÃ, and primary aluminum electrodes were used. The best result for color removal was 77,63%, with dilution of 5%, treatment time of 30 minutes and initial pH 3,0. The calculated energy cost for this stage was of R$ 2,01 per m3 of treated effluent. In this study it was possible to verify that the electrocoagulation process can be efficient in the color removal of a synthetic textile effluent composed of dyes, but, for the real textile effluent without a previous treatment, it is necessary to dilute it due to its high dye concentration and conductivity.
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Dykstra, Christine M. "Decolorization of an azo and anthraquinone textile dye by a mixture of living and non-living Trametes versicolor fungus." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/375.
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Wastewater from the textile industry is difficult to treat effectively due to the prevalent use and wide variety of synthetic dyes that are resistant to conventional treatment methods. White-rot fungi, such as Trametes versicolor, have been found to be effective in decolorizing many of these synthetic dyes and current research is focusing on their application to wastewater treatment. Although numerous studies have been conducted on the ability of both living and nonliving Trametes versicolor to separately decolorize textile dyes, no studies were found to have investigated the use of a mixture of live and dead fungus for decolorization. This study explored potential interactions between live and dead, autoclaved Trametes versicolor biomass in a mixed system by utilizing a series of batch tests with two structurally different synthetic textile dyes. Samples were analyzed by spectrophotometer and compared with controls to determine the effect of any interactions on decolorization. The results of this study indicate that an interaction between living and nonliving biomass occurred that affected the specific dye removal for both Reactive Blue 19, an anthraquinone textile dye, and Reactive Orange 16, an azo textile dye. This interaction was seen to improve the specific dye removal during the first 10-46 hours of experimentation but then diminish the specific dye removal after this period. This effect could be due to hydrophobins, which are surface-active proteins excreted by live fungi that may alter hydrophobicity. Additionally, the presence of adsorptive dead biomass could affect dye contact with degrading enzymes released from the live fungus. By expanding current knowledge of the interactions that take place in a fungal bioreactor and their effect on textile dye decolorization, this research aims to inspire more effective and less costly bioreactor designs for the treatment of textile wastewater.B.S.Env.E.
Bachelors
Engineering and Computer Science
Environmental Engineering
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Ribeiro, Jefferson Pereira. "Estudo da OtimizaÃÃo do Processo H2O2/UV para degradaÃÃo do Corante Remazol Vermelho RB 133%." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2011. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6525.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgicoAs atividades industriais que consomem excesso de Ãgua no seu processo industrial, geralmente geram um elevado volume de efluentes, onde a indÃstria tÃxtil à um exemplo tÃpico. A oxidaÃÃo quÃmica à um dos processos alternativos para o tratamento de efluentes contendo corantes tÃxteis, entre eles destacam-se os POAs que sÃo baseados na geraÃÃo de radicais hidroxilas (.OH) no qual sÃo altamente oxidantes, podendo decompor compostos de maneira rÃpida e nÃo-seletiva, conduzindo a mineralizaÃÃo parcial ou completa do contaminante. O presente trabalho estudou o uso de processo oxidativo avanÃado para a degradaÃÃo do corante Remazol Vermelho RB 133%. Os estudos foram realizados em duas etapas. Na primeira etapa, no reator com 710 mL de volume Ãtil, foram realizados estudos de otimizaÃÃo dos parÃmetros: cinÃtica de descoloraÃÃo, dosagem do perÃxido de hidrogÃnio, pH, temperatura, adiÃÃo de perÃxido de hidrogÃnio em linha. A cinÃtica de descoloraÃÃo, e o efeito inibitÃrio de Ãnions tambÃm foram estudados. O estudo de cinÃtica mostrou que em 250 minutos houve uma descoloraÃÃo completa da soluÃÃo usando uma dosagem de perÃxido de hidrogÃnio de 1% H2O2 mediante o uso da radiaÃÃo UV. Nestas condiÃÃes houve uma remoÃÃo de 78,41% na DQO. O pH nÃo influenciou no processo de descoloraÃÃo da soluÃÃo, em contraste, para valores de pH iniciais 8 e 10 houve uma maior remoÃÃo na DQO. O estudo do efeito da temperatura do sistema mostrou que com o aumento temperatura a velocidade de descoloraÃÃo à pouco influenciada, ao passo que o aumento da temperatura (80ÂC) diminuiu a eficiÃncia do processo de remoÃÃo da DQO. A adiÃÃo de H2O2 em linha do processo aumentou a eficiÃncia na remoÃÃo de DQO. Os resultados das eficiÃncias de remoÃÃo ao final do processo indicaram que nÃo houve diferenÃa entre os tratamentos na presenÃa dos Ãnions na concentraÃÃo estudada (10 mM) quando comparada a degradaÃÃo sem a presenÃa desses Ãnions, pois ao final de todos os tratamentos a soluÃÃo ficou incolor. Na segunda etapa, no reator com 520 mL de volume Ãtil, foram realizados estudos de vazÃo e potÃncia de radiaÃÃo UV. O estudo mostrou que para as vazÃes estudadas 1,0; 2,0 e 3,0 L/min nÃo houve uma X diferenÃa significativa no processo de descoloraÃÃo. As concentraÃÃes da matÃria orgÃnica ao final de 480 minutos de experimento para as trÃs vazÃes foram 36,63%; 51,08% e 48,35%, respectivamente. O aumento da potÃncia de radiaÃÃo UV proporcionou um aumento na eficiÃncia do processo de descoloraÃÃo e degradaÃÃo da matÃria orgÃnica. O estudo com efluente real mostrou uma baixa eficiÃncia na reduÃÃo de cor e de demanda quÃmica de oxigÃnio.
Industrial processes that consume excess of water, typically generates a high volume of effluent, where the textile industry is a typical example. The oxidation chemistry is one of the alternative processes for the textile dyes treatment. In this context, the Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) are based on the generation of hydroxyl radicals (.OH) on which are highly oxidizing compounds can decompose quickly and non-selective contaminant solutes, for a partial or complete mineralization. This study investigated the use of advanced oxidation process for degradation of the dye Remazol Red RB 133%. The studies were conducted in two stages. For first step, in the reactor with 710 mL of working volume , were studies the parameters: kinetic effect, hydrogen peroxide dosage, temperature, pH, addition of hydrogen peroxide in the line. The kinetics study decolorization and the inhibitory effect of anions were also studied. The study of kinetic showed that in 250 minutes there was a complete decolorization of the solution using a H2O2 dose of 1% (v/v) through the use of UV radiation, and a 78.41% removal in Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) was observed. The pH effect not influenced in the decolorization process; however has been influenced in removal of COD. The study of temperature effect showed that for an increase in temperature the decolorization rate increases, but a small improvement in the efficiency of COD removal. The addition of H2O2 during the process increased the efficiency of COD removal. The results of the efficiencies of the end of the process indicated that there was no difference between treatments in the presence of anions in the studied concentration (10 mM) when compared to degradation without the presence of these anions, since the end of all treatments, the solution was colorless. In the second stage, was carried in the reactor with 520 mL of working volume flow studies were performed and power of UV radiation. The studies of flow rate showed that for flow rate of 1.0; 2.0 and 3.0 L/min there was no significant difference in the process decolorization process. The of organic matter concentrations at 480 minutes of experiment for the three flow rates were 36.63%, 51.08% and 48.35% respectively. The increased power of UV radiation caused an increase in the XII efficiency of discolouration and degradation of organic matter. The study showed a real effluent with low efficiency to reduce color and chemical oxygen demand.
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Jiranuntipon, Suhuttaya. "Décoloration d’effluents de distillerie par un consortium microbien." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT009G/document.
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Les effluents de distillerie de mélasse de canne à sucre génèrent une pollution environnementale due à, d’une part de grands volumes et d’autres part à la présence de composés de couleur brune foncée, connus sous le nom de mélanoïdines. Dans cette étude, un consortium bactérien CONS8 isolé dans des sédiments de chute d'eau a été choisi comme consortium apte à la décoloration de la mélasse. On a montré que le consortium CONS8 pouvait décolorer, trois eaux usées synthétiques différentes, élaborées respectivement à base de Viandox (13,48% v/v), d’eau usée de mélasse de betterave (41,5% v/v) ou d’eau usée de mélasse de canne à sucre (20% v/v). Les décolorations obtenues en 2 jours seulement, en fioles d’Erlenmeyer sont respectivement de 9,5, à 8,02 et à 17,5%. Quatre bactéries prédominantes ont été identifiées dans le consortium CONS8 par l'analyse de l'rADN 16S. Sur la base de cette identification, et afin de réaliser la décoloration la plus élevée, un consortium bactérien artificiel MMP1 a été reconstruit avec Klebsiella oxytoca, Serratia mercescens (T2) et la bactérie inconnue DQ817737 (T4). Dans des conditions optimisées (aération, pH) le consortium bactérien MMP1 a permis de décolorer l'eau usée synthétique contenant de la mélanoidine à 18,3% en 2 jours. La comparaison de la décoloration par le consortium MMP1 avec un milieu abiotique a démontré que la décoloration était principalement due à l'activité biotique des cellules bactériennes, sans aucun phénomène d'adsorption. Un complément en minéraux et vitamines B n'a pas amélioré la décoloration de mélanoïdines avec le consortium bactérien MMP1. Enfin, les performances d'un bioréacteur à membrane pour traiter les eaux résiduaires synthétiques contenant de la mélanoïdine ont été évaluées à l’échelle du laboratoire. L'ensemencement du réacteur a été réalisé avec un inoculum sur la base du consortium MMP1. Le réacteur a fonctionné sous plusieurs conditions de temps de séjour hydrauliques (HRT) de 15, 20, et 40 heures. Les performances ont été analysées en termes de DCO (demande chimique en oxygène), décoloration et croissance de biomasse. Les résultats ont indiqué qu’une efficacité accrue d’élimination de la DCO et de la couleur ont été obtenues avec le HRT le plus longDistillery effluent from sugarcane molasses leads to an environmental pollution due to its large volume and the presence of dark brown colored compounds, known as melanoidins. In this study, a bacterial consortium CONS8 isolated from waterfall sediments in Maehongsorn province was selected as a molasses-decolorizing consortium. Consortium CONS8 was able to decolorize, only within 2 days, in Erlenmeyer flasks, three different synthetic wastewaters containing either Viandox sauce (13.5% v/v), beet molasses wastewater (41.5% v/v) or sugarcane molasses wastewater (20% v/v) at 9.5, 8.0 and 17.5%, respectively. Four predominant bacteria present in the consortium CONS8 were identified by the 16S rDNA analysis. To achieve the highest decolorization, the artificial bacterial consortium MMP1 comprising Klebsiella oxytoca, Serratia mercescens (T2) and unknown bacterium DQ817737 (T4), was constructed. Under optimized conditions (aeration, pH), the bacterial consortium MMP1 was able to decolorize the synthetic melanoidins-containing wastewater at 18.3% within 2 days. The comparison of decolorization by the consortium MMP1 with abiotic control proved that the color removal for synthetic melanoidins-containing wastewater medium was mainly due to biotic activity of bacterial cells, without any adsorption phenomena. Supplement of nutrients and vitamin B did not promote melanoidins decolorization by bacterial consortium MMP1. Finally, the performance of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) for synthetic melanoidins-containing wastewater treatment was investigated at laboratory scale, with a mineral membrane. The reactor seeding was made with the MMP1 bacterial consortium inoculum. The reactor was performed with several hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 15, 20, and 40 hours. The performances were analyzed in terms of COD, color removal and biomass in the reactor. The results indicated that the higher COD and color removal efficiency were achieved with the longer HRT
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Souza, Gleison de. "Produção, extração e estabilidade de enzimas lignocelulolíticas para uso em degradação em compostos poluentes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64133/tde-25102012-163318/.
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Devido à praticidade do uso de enzimas na transformação de produtos, o desenvolvimento de tecnologias dos processos enzimáticos e sua utilização vêm crescendo na indústria devido às inúmeras aplicações em vários setores de importância econômica e saúde. Os fungos do gênero Pleurotus, conhecidos por fungos da podridão branca, sintetizam uma variedade de enzimas lignocelulolíticas que tem potencial para degradar/transformar diversos compostos poliméricos, entre eles a vinhaça oriunda da indústria sucroalcooleira. A proposta deste trabalho foi a de avaliar as enzimas lignocelulolíticas como lacase, peroxidase e manganês peroxidase, sintetizadas pelos fungos P. sajor-caju CCB 020, P. ostreatus e P. albidus CCB 068, cultivados em vinhaça e/ou bagaço de cana-de-açúcar umedecidos com vinhaça. A atividade dessas enzimas extracelulares foram avaliadas, a cada três dias, durante 30 dias, quanto a estabilidade com relação ao tempo, e relacionadas a capacidade de degradação do corante índigo. O cultivo dos fungos foi realizado a 28°C em incubadoras, com agitação para vinhaça in natura, e estacionária para o meio sólido. Após o cultivo, o sobrenadante ou a solução enzimática extraída, do meio sólido, com tampão citrato, foram utilizados. A descoloração do corante índigo foi testada em solução à 0,02%, a pH 4,5 e temperatura 35°C. As atividades variaram com o meio de cultivo e com as linhagens. A lacase teve picos de atividades entre 12º e 15º dias com valores variando de 384 a 1.463 UI L-1, no meio líquido e no meio sólido, picos ao 6° dia de cultivo, com valores de 4 a 40 UI L-1. A atividade da peroxidase teve pico aos, 12°, 15° e 21° dia de cultivo, conforme a linhagem do fungo e atividades entre 356 a 975 UI L-1. A atividade de MnP teve pico aos 12° e 18° dia e atividades de pico entre 2,24 a 174 UI L-1. Quanto a atividade específica P. sajor-caju produziu lacase e MnP com maior eficiência comparado com as outras linhagens, enquanto que P. albidus CCB 068, produziu peroxidases com maior eficiência. O cultivo em vinhaça in natura foi mais eficiente que em meio sólido com bagaço. As estabilidades das atividades enzimáticas variaram conforme a linhagem do fungo, tempo de cultivo e com o tempo de estocagem, de 1, 2 e 24 h na temperatura ambiente. A descoloração do índigo foi relacionada com a atividade enzimática de lacase e MnP para a linhagem do fungo P. sajor-caju CCB 020. Entretanto, como foi mostrado no estudo, os basidiomicetos P. sajor-caju CCB 020, P. ostreatus, P. albidus CCB 068 apresentaram uma descoloração da vinhaça foi possível observar que o fungo P. sajor-caju CCB 020 apresentou maior potencial de descoloração da vinhaça de aproximadamente 70%, em relação ao P. ostreatus e P. albidus CCB 068 tiveram resultado inferior. A descoloração da vinhaça com relação à absorbância é lida a 680 nm. Ambos fungos inoculados em meio contendo vinhaça + bagaço teve melhor resultado nos 3º, 6º, 9º, 12º, 21º e 30º dias, exceto aos 15º e 18º dias, onde o meio só com vinhaça teve melhor resultado, em ambos os comprimentos de onda (\'lâmbda\'). O P. sajor-caju CCB 020 inoculado em meio de vinhaça + bagaço foi melhor aos 9º e 12º dias, na eficiência da descoloração do corante com 83,56% a 77,56% dos resultados, para P. ostreatus foi melhor aos 6º e 12º dias, na descoloração do corante com 46,09% a 46,18% respectivamente, já para P. albidus CCB 068 resultado foi nos dias 6º e 9º dias (56,23% e 57,42%)Due to the convenience of using enzymes in the processing of products, technology development of enzymatic processes and its use are growing in the industry because of numerous applications in various sectors of economic and health importance. The fungi of the genus Pleurotus synthesize a variety of lignocellulolytic enzymes that has the potential to degrade / transform various polymeric compounds, including vinasse originating from the sugar industry. The proposal is to evaluate lignocellulolytic enzymes such as laccase, peroxidase and MnP, synthesized by the fungi P. sajor-caju CCB 020, P. ostreatus and P.albidus CCB 068 cultivated in vinasse and /or sugarcane bagasse moistened with vinasse. The activity of these extracellular enzymes was evaluated every three days for 30 days with regard to stability in relation to time and related to the degradation ability of the indigo dye. The cultivation of the fungi was performed at 28°C in incubators, with stirring of vinasse in nature, and the solid medium was stationary. After culturing, the supernatant or the enzyme solution extracted from the solid medium with citrate buffer was used. Decolorization of the indigo dye was tested in solution at 0.02% at pH 4.5 and 35 °C temperature. The activities varied according to the culture medium and the strains. Laccase had peaks of activity between the 12th and 15th days with values ranging from 384 to 1463 UI L-1, in the liquid and solid medium with peaks at the 6th day of culture, with values ranging from 4 a 40 UI L-1. Peroxidase activity peaked at the 12th, 15th and 21st days of cultivation, according to the strain of the fungus and activities from 356 to 975 UI L-1. The MnP activity peaked at the 12th and 18th days and had peak activities from 2.24 to 174 IU L-1. The specific activity P. sajor-caju CCB 020 produced laccase and MnPmore efficiently when compared with the other strains, whereas P. albidus, produced peroxidases more efficiently. Cultivation in vinasse in nature was more efficient than cultivation in solid medium with sugar cane bagasse. The stabilities of the enzymaticactivities varied with the strain of the fungus, cultivation time and the storage time of 1, 2 and 24 h at room temperature. The indigo decolorization was related to the enzymatic activity of laccase and MnP for the strain of the fungus P. sajor-caju CCB 020. However, Pleurotus showed decolorization of vinasse, and it was noticed that P. sajor-caju CCB 020 showed greater potential for vinasse decolorization, about 70%, compared to the others that had lower results. The vinasse decolorization with respect to the absorbance is read at 680 nm. Both fungi inoculated in medium containing vinasse + bagasse had better results on the 3rd ,6th, 9th, 12th, 21st and 30th days, except on the 15th and 18th days when the medium with vinasse alone had better results in both wavelengths (\'lâmbda\'). The P. sajorcaju CCB 020 inoculated in the vinasse + bagasse medium was better on the 9thand 12th days, in the efficiency of decolorization of the dye with 83.56% to 77.56% of the results, for P. ostreatus it was better on the 6th and 12th days in decolorization of the dye with 46.09% and 46.18% respectively, while for P. albidus CCB 068 the result was on the 6th and 9th days (56.23% and 57.42%)
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Silva, Michelle Reis da. "Estudo da enzima Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) no descoramento dos corantes têxteis Azul Drimaren X-3LR, Azul Drimaren X-BLN, Rubinol Drimaren X-3LR e Azul Drimaren CL-R." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2008. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2757.
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O presente trabalho avaliou o potencial da enzima HRP no descoramento dos corantes têxteis: Azul Drimaren X-3LR (DMBLR), Azul Drimaren X-BLN (DMBBLN), Rubinol Drimaren X-3LR (DMR) e Azul Drimaren CL-R (RBBR). Parâmetros como concentração do corante, temperatura, concentração de peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2) e tempo de reação foram otimizados. Os ensaios de descoramento dos corantes foram realizados a partir desses resultados. As melhores condições reacionais determinadas para os corantes estudados foram: concentração do corante = 120 mg L-1, temperatura = 35C, concentração de H2O2 = 0,55 mM e tempo de reação = 1 hora. Os percentuais de descoramento dos corantes DMBLR, DMBBLN, DMR e RBBR, após o tratamento enzimático foi de 99, 77, 94 e 97%, respectivamente. O tempo reacional de 5 minutos foi suficiente para os corantes DMBLR e RBBR apresentarem elevada porcentagem de descoramento, 96% para ambos. Já os corantes DMBBLN e DMR só apresentaram elevado grau de descoramento após 1 hora de reação, sendo o corante DMBBLN o mais recalcitrante, apresentando uma melhora de 10% na porcentagem de descoramento, após 24 horas de reação. Além do grau de descoramento, também foi avaliada a toxicidade dos corantes antes e após o tratamento enzimático utilizando Daphnia pulex e Artemia salina como bioindicadores de toxicidade. Resultados toxicológicos utilizando Daphnia pulex não foram conclusivos, indicando que esse bioindicador não foi adequado para avaliar a toxicidade dos corantes estudados no meio reacional utilizado. Com o uso da Artemia salina na avaliação toxicológica foi observado uma redução da toxicidade para os corantes DMBLR, DMR e RBBR após tratamento enzimático, e um aumento da toxicidade não significativo para o corante DMBBLN. Os resultados obtidos no trabalho ressaltam a eficiência da enzima HRP no descoramento dos corantes têxteis estudados, sem a geração de produtos tóxicos e prejudiciais ao meio ambienteThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential of the Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme in the decolorization of textile dyes Drimaren Blue X-3LR (DMBLR), Drimaren Blue X-BLN (DMBBLN), Drimaren Rubinol X-3LR (DMR) and Drimaren Blue CL-R (RBBR). Parameters such as concentration of the dye, temperature, concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and reaction time were optimized. The optimum reaction conditions determined for the studied dyes were: concentration of the dye = 120 mg L-1, temperature = 35 C, concentration of H2O2 = 0.55 mM and reaction time = 1 h. The decolorization percentage of dyes DMBLR, DMBBLN, DMR and RBBR after enzymatic treatment was 99, 77, 94 and 97%, respectively. The reaction time of only 5 minutes presented high decolorization percentage for both dyes DMBLR and RBBR, about 96 %. However dyes DMBBLN and DMR showed high decolorization degree in 1 h of reaction and the dye DMBBLN, being the most recalcitrant, exhibited an improvement of 10% in the decolorization percentage after 24 h of reaction. Besides the decolorization degree, the toxicity of the studied dyes was also evaluated before and after enzymatic treatment using Daphnia pulex and Artemia salina as bioindicators. The toxicological results using Daphnia pulex were not conclusive, indicating that it was not an appropriate bioindicator to evaluate the toxicity of the tested dyes. Meanwhile when using Artemia salina for toxicological evaluation it was observed a reduction of toxicity for dyes DMBLR, DMR and RBBR after enzymatic treatment, and a not significant increase in toxicity for the dye DMBBLN. In conclusion, the obtained results emphasize the efficiency of the HRP enzyme in the decolorization of the studied textile dyes, without the generation of toxic and harmful products to the environment
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Lima, Claudinei Sousa. "Fotodecomposição e remoção de efluente textil usando fotocatalise com polipirrol." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/4959.
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A real sample of textile wastewater was successfully decolorized through a simple, fast and efficient photocatalytic treatment using polypyrrole as catalyst. In the optimized operational conditions, the photocatalytic treatment resulted in 95.8% decrease in the units of color and 91.2% photodecomposition. Photocatalysis reduced the COD values from 1111.04 mg L1 to 71.43 mg L1, evidencing 93.6% reduction in the organic matter to be discharged. TOC was also efficiently reduced from 156.75 to 51.74. The efficiency of the photocatalytic process was maintained during repeated use when cycles of photocatalysis were followed by redoping of polypyrrole with 0.1 mol L1 HCl solution. The same photodecomposition efficiency was achieved using sunlight irradiation for 30 min, with values of photodecomposition up to 98%. Tests of toxicity using Artemia saline resulted in 96.7% survival, indicating that the products generated in the photodecomposition are non-toxic. Tests made with an artificial effluent showed the same efficiency in wastewater color removal indicating that the process may be suitable for treating effluents with different colors with same efficiency. In this way, photocatalytic treatment may be applied on photodecomposition of textile effluent, independent of the predominant color present in the effluent.
Uma amostra real de efluente têxtil foi descorada com sucesso através de um tratamento fotocatalítico simples, rápido e eficiente usando polipirrol como catalisador. Nas condições operacionais optimizadas, o tratamento fotocatalítico resultou em 95,8% de diminuição nas unidades de cor e 91,2% fotodecomposição. A fotocatálise reduziu os valores de Demanda Química de Oxigênio (DQO) de 1111,04 mg.L-1 para 71,43 mg.L-1, evidenciando redução de 93,6% da matéria orgânica a ser descartada nos corpos receptores. O Carbono Orgânico Total (COT) também foi reduzido de forma eficiente 156,75 - 51,74 ppm . A eficiência do processo fotocatalítico foi mantida durante o uso repetido, quando os ciclos de fotocatálise foram seguidos por redopagem do polipirrol com uma solução de HCl 0,1 mol.l-1. A mesma eficiência de fotodecomposição foi conseguida utilizando irradiação solar durante 30 minutos, com valores de fotodecomposição até 98%. Os testes de toxicidade usando Artemia salina, resultaram em 96,7% de sobrevivência, o que indica que os produtos gerados na fotodecomposição não são tóxicos. Testes feitos com o um efluente artificial mostraram a mesma eficiência na remoção da cor do efluente indicando que o processo pode ser adequado a tratar efluentes artificias que permitiriam realização de experimentos sem a interferência de variações da cor do efluente em função cor predominante produzida no dia da coleta.
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Almeida, Ana Carolina Maganha de [UNESP]. "Estudo da biodegradação de corantes azóicos por inóculo proveniente de biodigestor anaeróbio de alimentos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94980.
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O uso de biodigestores anaeróbios é uma versátil alternativa para produção de biomassa microbiana a partir de resíduos orgânicos. O reaproveitamento das sobras alimentares, produzidas pelo Restaurante Universitário da Unesp Campus Rio Claro, foi o responsável pela produção de um Inóculo Líquido Residual (I.L.R.) utilizado como agente biodegradador e biossorvente para os corantes azóicos “Acid Yellow 25” e “Direct Violet 51” de importante destaque industrial. O projeto dividiu-se em duas etapas, a primeira contemplando a produção do inóculo em grande escala (biodigestor de fluxo contínuo) e a segunda em escala de laboratorial (biodigestor em batelada). Os resultados da análise microbiológica revelaram a presença predominante de bactérias acidogênicas e de leveduras em menor escala. Estes microrganismos foram aplicados como inóculo nas soluções dos dois corantes em condições variadas de pH (2,50; 4,50 e 6,50). A análise dos produtos formados a partir da interação com o I.L.R demonstraram as potencialidades biodegradativas e biossorventes do consórcio microbiano e sua ação diferenciada de acordo com a mudança de pH.As aminas aromáticas e sulfonadas, formadas após a redução da ligação azóica, foram estudada a partir do sobrenadante dos tratamentos dos corantes através do uso dos métodos difundidos do UV-Vis e do HPLC aliados às analises vanguardistas do FTIR.
The use of anaerobic bioreactor is a versatile alternative for the production of microbial biomass from organic waste. The reuse of the leftovers from the University Restaurant of Unesp Rio Claro Campus, was responsible for producing a Residual Liquid Inoculum (R.L.I.) used as a biodegradator and biosorptive agent for two azo dyes Acid Yellow 25 and Direct Violet 51 with a major role in the industrial scenery. The project was divided in two steps, the first covering the production of the inoculum in large scale (continuous flow bioreactor) and the second in bench-scale (in-batch bioreactor) The results of the microbiological analysis revealed a predominant presence of acidogenic bacteria and a few yeasts. These microorganisms were used as inoculum in both dye solutions at different pH conditions (2.50, 4.50 and 6.50) The analysis of the resultant by-products demonstrated the biodegradation and biosorptive potential of the consortium and its differentiated pH-regulated action. The aromatic sulfonated amines, formed after the reduction of the azoic bounds, were studied through the spreaded analytic methods of UV-Vis and HPLC in conjunct with the vanguard of FTIR device.
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Santos, Guilherme de Oliveira Ferreira dos. "Avaliação do tratamento de efluentes do banho de tingimento de indústria têxtil por fungos basidiomicetos em biorreatores." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-26082016-100130/.
Full textAbstract:
Fungos basidiomicetos podem promover a descoloração de efluentes têxteis por meio de um complexo multienzimático inespecífico. Neste trabalho, a descoloração e a toxicidade de efluentes tratados por fungos (Peniophora cinerea, Pleuorotus ostreatus e Trametes villosa) imobilizados em bucha vegetal foram avaliadas em pequena escala e em biorreator. Em pequena escala, P. ostreatus foi o mais efetivo para o efluente azul e T. villosa foi o mais efetivo para o efluente amarelo, enquanto que ambos destacaram-se para o efluente vermelho. Substâncias presentes no banho de alvejamento interferiram no tratamento. Observou-se redução da toxicidade aguda e fitotoxicidade na maior parte dos tratamentos. Os tratamentos fúngicos não reduziram valores de DQO, COT, SST, turbidez e condutividade. O aumento de escala (biorreator de 5 L) mostrou-se eficiente quanto aos níveis de descoloração. A reutilização da biomassa fúngica garantiu bons níveis de descoloração, porém com aumento da toxicidade. O tratamento foi satisfatório por promover a redução da cor e toxicidade.Basidiomycete fungi can promote the decolorization of textile effluents using a nonspecific multienzyme complex. In this study, the decolorization and toxicity of effluents treated by fungi (Peniophora cinerea, Pleuorotus ostreatus and Trametes villosa) immobilized in Luffa cylindrica were evaluated in a small scale and in bioreactor. In the small scale, P. ostreatus was the most effective for the blue effluent and T. villosa was the most effective for the yellow effluent, while both stood out for the red effluent. Substances in the bleaching bath interfered with the treatment. It was observed a reduction in the acute toxicity and phytotoxicity in most treatments. The fungal treatment did not reduce the values of COD, TOC, TSS, turbidity and conductivity. The increased scale (5L bioreactor) proved to be efficient in reducing the degree of decolorization. The reuse of fungal biomass attained a good level of decolorization but increased the toxicity. The treatment was satisfactory in promoting the reduction of color and toxicity.
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Almeida, Ana Carolina Maganha de. "Estudo da biodegradação de corantes azóicos por inóculo proveniente de biodigestor anaeróbio de alimentos /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94980.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Carlos Renato CorsoBanca: Sandra Mara Martins Franchetti
Banca: Sandra Regina Ceccato Antonini
Resumo: O uso de biodigestores anaeróbios é uma versátil alternativa para produção de biomassa microbiana a partir de resíduos orgânicos. O reaproveitamento das sobras alimentares, produzidas pelo Restaurante Universitário da Unesp Campus Rio Claro, foi o responsável pela produção de um Inóculo Líquido Residual (I.L.R.) utilizado como agente biodegradador e biossorvente para os corantes azóicos "Acid Yellow 25" e "Direct Violet 51" de importante destaque industrial. O projeto dividiu-se em duas etapas, a primeira contemplando a produção do inóculo em grande escala (biodigestor de fluxo contínuo) e a segunda em escala de laboratorial (biodigestor em batelada). Os resultados da análise microbiológica revelaram a presença predominante de bactérias acidogênicas e de leveduras em menor escala. Estes microrganismos foram aplicados como inóculo nas soluções dos dois corantes em condições variadas de pH (2,50; 4,50 e 6,50). A análise dos produtos formados a partir da interação com o I.L.R demonstraram as potencialidades biodegradativas e biossorventes do consórcio microbiano e sua ação diferenciada de acordo com a mudança de pH.As aminas aromáticas e sulfonadas, formadas após a redução da ligação azóica, foram estudada a partir do sobrenadante dos tratamentos dos corantes através do uso dos métodos difundidos do UV-Vis e do HPLC aliados às analises vanguardistas do FTIR.
Abstract: The use of anaerobic bioreactor is a versatile alternative for the production of microbial biomass from organic waste. The reuse of the leftovers from the University Restaurant of Unesp Rio Claro Campus, was responsible for producing a Residual Liquid Inoculum (R.L.I.) used as a biodegradator and biosorptive agent for two azo dyes Acid Yellow 25 and Direct Violet 51 with a major role in the industrial scenery. The project was divided in two steps, the first covering the production of the inoculum in large scale (continuous flow bioreactor) and the second in bench-scale (in-batch bioreactor) The results of the microbiological analysis revealed a predominant presence of acidogenic bacteria and a few yeasts. These microorganisms were used as inoculum in both dye solutions at different pH conditions (2.50, 4.50 and 6.50) The analysis of the resultant by-products demonstrated the biodegradation and biosorptive potential of the consortium and its differentiated pH-regulated action. The aromatic sulfonated amines, formed after the reduction of the azoic bounds, were studied through the spreaded analytic methods of UV-Vis and HPLC in conjunct with the vanguard of FTIR device.
Mestre
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Mezohegyi, Gergo. "Catalytic azo dye reduction in advanced anaerobic bioreactors." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8593.
Full textAbstract:
En un reactor anaeróbico de lecho empacado y de flujo ascendente con carbón activado (AC) biológico se obtuvieron altas velocidades de conversión del colorante azoico Acid Orange 7 a tiempos espaciales muy cortos, hasta 99% en 2.0 min. Tanto el área superficial específica como la conductividad electrónica del AC contribuyeron a las mayores velocidades de reducción. La agitación en el lecho de carbón produjo un incremento de la bioconversión del colorante. Se estableció un modelo cinético de decoloración que implica catálisis heterogénea y bioreducción. La biodegradabilidad anaeróbica de un colorante azoico en el sistema reactivo agitado pudo ser predicha a partir de su potencial de reducción. Las velocidades de decoloración fueron significativamente influenciadas por las propiedades texturales del AC y moderadamente afectadas por su química superficial. Este bioreactor catalítico parece ser una alternativa atractiva para la mejora económica de las tecnologías de tratamiento de aguas residuales textiles y de colorantes.In an anaerobic upflow packed-bed reactor with biological activated carbon (AC), high azo dye Acid Orange 7 conversion rates were achieved during very short space times up to 99% in 2.0 min. Both electron conductivity and specific surface area of AC contributed to higher reduction rates. The application of stirring in the carbon bed resulted in an increase of dye bioconversion. A decolourisation model was developed involving both heterogeneous catalysis and bioreduction. The anaerobic biodegradability of an azo dye could be predicted by its reduction potential in the stirred reactor system. The decolourisation rates were found to be significantly influenced by the textural properties of AC and moderately affected by its surface chemistry. This catalytic bioreactor system seems to be an attractive alternative for economically improving textile/dye wastewater technologies.
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Azevedo, João Luciano Amorim. "Sugar decolorization Sugar decolorization - strategies and solutions." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/87298.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Química apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaSugar industry comprises mainly of two products: raw and refined sugar. The second one is the most required by the market and consumers, as the requirement for a better quality product for a lower cost and environmental impact is a constant. Refining sugar is a process which main objective is to remove impurities, which normally are related to color compounds, from sucrose. This work was focused in the sugar refining process, more specifically in the color removal by means of precipitation of color compounds from sugar solution in order to separate such compounds by physical means like filtration or clarification. Based on the actual scenario and information obtained in the literature, the study was conducted guided by the use of cationic polymers as color precipitants through flocculation. The study comprises three steps: first is a characterization of the polymers supplied by AquaTech Switzerland, using optical methods, dynamic and static light scattering, to characterize the size and the molecular weight, and electrophoretic light scattering, for zeta potential of the polymers. As second part of the work the laboratorial decolorization tests were conducted in sugar carbonated liquor, supplied by RAR Portugal, testing the different polymers at different dosages, in conditions, pH and temperature, similar to that of the second stage of saturation in carbonatation process, and measuring the decolorization achieved by the treatment with each polymer, following the ICUMSA 420 color characterization method; as third and last part of the work continuous monitoring of flocculation process was performed by using laser diffraction spectroscopy, as technique for following the flocculation kinetics, this way to search for evidences of the flocculation performed by the polymers selected after the laboratorial tests. The study was performed using polymers individually and trying blends of two or three different polymers. Conclusions were that the decolorization achieved was good, proving that cationic flocculants are effective decolorization agents when used along the carbonatation process. The polymer performance is related to its characteristics, needing to perform further studies to find a balance for molecular weight, size of polymer chain and charge to find the most suitable relations in order to achieve the best performance. LDS is proven a good tool to monitoring and study flocculation in diluted carbonated sugar liquor.
A indústria do açúcar consiste principalmente em dois produtos: açúcar bruto e refinado. O segundo é o mais procurado pelo mercado e pelos consumidores finais, sendo que a necessidade por um produto de melhor qualidade, por menor custo e impacto ambiental é uma constante. Refinar açúcar é um processo cujo objetivo principal é remover impurezas, que geralmente estão relacionadas a compostos corados, da sacarose. Este trabalho foi focado no processo de refinamento do açúcar, mais especificamente na remoção da cor por meio da precipitação de compostos corados da solução de açúcar, para, então, separar tais compostos por meios físicos, como a filtração ou clarificação. Com base no cenário atual e na informação obtida na literatura, o estudo foi conduzido guiado pelo uso de polímeros catiónicos como agentes precipitantes por meio de floculação. O estudo compreende três etapas: a primeira é uma caracterização dos polímeros fornecidos pela AquaTech Suíça, utilizando métodos óticos, dispersão de luz dinâmica e estática, para caracterizar o tamanho e peso molecular, e dispersão de luz eletroforética para determinar o potencial zeta dos polímeros. A segunda parte do trabalho foi realizada em licor carbonatado de açúcar bruto, fornecido pela RAR Portugal, e assim testando os diferentes polímeros a diferentes dosagens e em condições, pH e temperatura, semelhantes às da segunda fase de saturação no processo de carbonatação e, após a floculação, medindo a descoloração atingida seguindo o método ICUMSA 420 de caracterização de cores de soluções de açúcar; A terceira e a última parte do trabalho foi o monitoramento contínuo do processo de floculação, utilizando a espectroscopia de difração a laser, para o acompanhamento da cinética de floculação, buscando evidências da floculação realizada pelos polímeros selecionados após os testes laboratoriais. O estudo foi realizado usando polímeros individualmente e testando também misturas de dois ou três destes polímeros. As conclusões foram que a descoloração alcançada foi boa, provando que os floculantes catiónicos são agentes de descoloração eficazes quando utilizados ao longo do processo de carbonatação. O desempenho do polímero está relacionado às suas características, necessitando de mais estudos para encontrar o equilíbrio do peso molecular, tamanho da cadeia de polímero e carga para encontrar as dosagens mais adequadas para alcançar o melhor desempenho. O LDS é uma boa ferramenta para monitorar e estudar a floculação em licor de açúcar carbonatado diluído.
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Lin, Yung-Sheng, and 林永盛. "Enhancement of Bacterial Decolorization by the Metabolites Produced During Cell Growth and Decolorization Periods." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49768339882094697677.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
化學工程學所
90
Abstract Our recent work utilized a recombinant strain Escherichia coli NO3 to decolorize azo dye and found that the metabolites produced during cell growth and decolorization periods enhanced the bacterial decolorization. In this study, a series of work was undertaken to reveal possible mechanism of the enhancement effect, to evaluate the influence of different growth media, and to investigate if the enhancement effect occurred for other dyes and in other decolorizing bacteria. This study also examined the correlation between addition of the metabolites and decolorization rate. On the other hand, a fixed-bed bioreactor was designed to study the decolorization efficiency with continuous operation and the feasibility of adding metabolites for bio-stimulation of wastewater decolorization. The experimental results show that the metabolites produced during cell growth (except for metabolites produced from cultures using YG medium) enhanced the activity of E. coli NO3 and Pseudomonas luteola for decolorization of Reactive Red 22 and mixed dyes but the enhancement was not significant for Reactive Black B. The metabolites produced during decolorization periods efficiently stimulated the decolorization ability of both bacterial strains for single and mixed dyes. The enhancement effect increased along with the increase in metabolite dosage. Possible mechanism of bio-stimulation of decolorization by the metabolites includes (1) the metabolites may improve the mass transfer of dye across the cell membrane and (2) the metabolites may contribute to the increase in the reduction efficiency of the culture. In addition, the presence of the metabolites was able to reduce the inhibitory effect of glucose on the bacterial decolorization. The experimental results of fixed-bed bioreactor show that the reactor system maintained a 95% decolorization efficiency at high HRT with an influent dye concentration of 200 mg/L. However, at a lower HRT, the decolorization was also lower, while addition of the metabolites allowed the decolorization efficiency of system return to 95% again. Therefore, it seems feasible to use the metabolites as a bio-stimulation agent to enhance the bacterial decolorization of wastewater.
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Liaw, Woei-Deng, and 廖偉登. "Photocatalytic Decolorization of Dye Wastewater." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60094022415874169283.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中山大學
環境工程與科學系
85
Near-UV illuminated slurries of titanium dioxide were used to invesgated decolori-zation of Methylene blue in aqueous solution in a isotherm batch reactor. The results show that the optimal conditions are pH=3 and TiO2=0.5g/L. As a result, the color removal of 98.2% could be achieved in 60min, with initial concentration of 10 μ M. The Kinetics of photocatalytic decolorization of Methylene blue follw a pseudo-first order reaction, with an observed reaction constant Kobs of 0.067 min^(-1). The reaction rates of decolorization are signifantly increased in the present of 5mM H2O2. The reaction rate of decolorization decrease as the concentrations of inorganic additives (e.g. Na2CO3, NaCl, Na2SO4) increases. Moreover, The rates of decolorization and TOC removal increase as the temperatures increase. The activation energy for the reaction of decolorization is 14.45 kJ/mole, and it would reduce to 12.1 kJ/mold after added5mM H2O2 in aqueous solution. The decolorization of Direct Blue 1 with far-UV/H2O2 system were investigated in a isotherm batch reactor. The results show that the optimal condition are pH=3 and H2O2=0.833 g/L. As a result, the color removal of 98.6% could be achieved in 180 min with initial concentration of 50mg/L. The kinetics of photocatalytic decolorization of Direct Blue 1 follow a pseudo-first order reaction, with an observed reaction constant Kobs of 0.024 min^(-1). The rates of decolorization decrease as the concentration of inorganic additives increase. The rates of decolorization increase slightly as the temperatureincrease. However, the concentration of total organic carbon would decreaseobviously after treatment in the period of 180min.
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Yang, Meng-Yi, and 楊孟怡. "Decolorization of Dye Wastewater withRecycled Alum Coagulant." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79562933155637172063.
Full textAbstract:
碩士淡江大學
水資源及環境工程學系
91
In this research, Polyaluminum Chloride(PAC) coagulation of synthetic textile wastewater was investigated. The effects of operating variables including pH and dosage on the efficiency of coagulation were studied in the jar-test. Sludge produced from PAC coagulation of synthetic textile wastewater was either acid-treated or base-treated to compare the performance of Alum recovery. The feasibility of applying recovered alum as a coagulant for color removal in coagulations of synthetic textile wastewater was evaluated. Coagulation was assessed principally in terms of color removal, colloid surface charge (zeta potential) and Al residual. Acid-treated and Based-treated sludge have been assessed in terms of Al recovery, dissolved color, and reductions of sludge volume and sludge weight. The results indicate that the optimum pH is 6 and recommended dose is 10 ~ 20 mg/L Al for PAC coagulation. The addition of flocculant has no influence to color removal, but is helpful to the precipitation of sludge by mechanism of particle bridging. Acid-treated and base-treated processes are both able to dissolve aluminum and color from sludge. At pH 2 the acid-treated sludge recovers 91.7％ Alum from original sludge, while the base-treated sludge at pH 12 recovers only 10.2％ Alum from original sludge. In terms of the amount of alum recovered per mg of acid or base added, the acid-treated process at pH 2 performed better than the based-treated process at pH 12. The effects of pH and dosage on color removal efficiency, Zeta Potential, Alum residual, sludge volume and sludge weight by coagulation using recovered Al is similar to that using fresh Al where the efficiency of color removal using recovered Al is about 97% of that using fresh Al at dosage of 5.5 mg/L and pH 3 ~ 8. Whereas, the residual color after treated with recovered Al is still high, so coagulation using combination of fresh Al and recovered Al is tested. Comparing the residual color, coagulation using combination of fresh Al and recovered Al performed better than that using recovered Al alone. At Al dosage of 10 mg/L, up to 50% of dose can replaced with recovered Al without impeding the performance of color removal. Due to the color residual after coagulation treatment using recovered Al is higher than using fresh Al, it’s recommended that the dose of fresh Al should be higher than that of recovered Al when recovered Al and fresh Al are used in combination for coagulation of dye waste.
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Huang, Wen Tsung, and 黃文聰. "Studies on decolorization of dye by microbiol." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62386878395869054307.
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Jin-Yen, Ho, and 何俊穎. "Analysis of metabolites from microbial azo dye decolorization." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98203670416186128972.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
化學工程學系
88
The biotechnology was one of the most efficient methods in the decolorization of wastewater. The decolorization mechanisms of a reactive azo dye (C.I. Reactive Red 22) from wide-type Pseudomonas luteola strain and recombinant Escherichia coli strain (E. coli NO3) were investigated. The concentration of bacterial cell and Reactive Red 22 was obtained from the ultraviolet-visible photospectrometer. The decolorization products was first separated by reserved phase column of HPLC, then identified by mass spectrometry. It was also found that the time required for complete decolarization of Reactive Red 22 (200ppm) was shorten around 6-7 h with the addition of the metabolites from decolorization of high concentration of Reactive Red 22 (2000ppm) with E. coli NO3.
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Lin, Yu-Chih, and 林毓智. "Bioreactor Operation Strategies for Microbial Azo Dye Decolorization." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21743674303457519800.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
化學工程學系
87
Abstract This study utilized Pseudomonas luteola as the biocatalyst and reactive red 22 as the model substrate to investigate microbial decolorization of azo dye in shake-flask and 5 L fermenter. The effect of medium composition on the decolorization of reactive red 22 by P. luteola was studied in shake-flask mode. The results show that yeast extract and tryptone stimulated the efficiency of decolorization, achieving a specific decolorization rate of up to 18 mg dye/g cell/h and a conversion of 95Vo or higher. The yield coefficient of yeast extract relative to dye decolorization was about 1.1957 g/g. The decolorization terminated as the yeast extract concentration was below a critical value of around 0.05@0. Despite being an efficient carbon source for the growth of P. luteola, glucose strongly inhibited the decolorization of reactive red 22, probably due to the effect of catabolic repression that could hinder the expression of azoreductase. Bioaccumulation of the dye on the biomass of P. luteola was clearly observed when glucose was presence in the reaction mixture. For decolorization bioreactor studies, repeated-batch and fed-batch operations were conducted. Optimal feeding policy and operation conditions for the decolorization bioreactor were approached by investigating a variety of operation factors, including dye feeding concentration, agitation and aeration speed, dye and medium feeding strategies, initial culture volume, etc.. With repeated-batch operation, the best decolorization rate was 107.9 mg dye/g cell/h at a feeding concentration of 300 mg/L. As the agitation speed was higher than 200 rpm, the color removal rate was significantly decreased due to a higher dissolved oxygen level. Consequently, aeration should be avoided for the microbial decolorization operation. In fed-batch operations, the decolorization reached a steady state (i.e., the amount of dye loaded equals to the amount of dye degraded) for a dye- feeding rate of 50 to 200 mg/h. The total amount of biomass did not affect the specific decolorization rate, but increasing the amount of biomass led to an enhancement of overall color removal efficiency. In fed-batch operations with simultaneous feeding of dye and yeast extract, the feeding ratio of yeast extract to dye (Y/D) should exceed 0.5 for a stable long-term operation. For a Y/D ratio of 0.5 to 1.875, the increase in yeast extract loading did not appreciably enhance the performance of the microbial decolorization, which is most likely due to mass transfer restriction in the bioreactor.
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Lin, Chia Yu, and 林佳渝. "Cloning of recombinant microorganism for decolorization of wastewater." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83900224116466733472.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
化學工程學系
89
Abstract This study utilized recombinant DNA technology to construct recombinant Escherichia coli conferring the ability to decolorize azo dyes. The decolorization kinetics of the recombinant strain was also studied. The azo-dye-decolorizing genes were originated from the genome of two dye-decolorizing bacteria. The genomic DNA was purified and digested. The resulting DNA fragments were manipulated, screened, and transformed into different host cells to identify the gene responsible for the ability to decolorize azo dyes. The decolorization efficiency of the recombinant strains was also compared with that of the wild-type strain to evaluate the feasibility and stability of using the recombinant strains in practical wastewater treatment. In this study, two recombinant E. coli strains (CY1 and CY2) were constructed. E. coli CY1, a genetically engineered strain harboring pAZRS1, contains a 6.3kb DNA fragment from Rhodococcus sp. encoding activity to decolorize azo dyes. E. coli CY2 (pAZRS2) contains a 4kb fragment from genome DNA of E. coli NO3 exhibiting excellent decolorization efficiency. Plasmids pAZRS1 and pAZRS2 contain IPTG-driven lac promoter and IAA-driven trp promoter, respectively; thus the expression of azo-decolorization gene can be induced with addition of IPTG and IAA. The induction led to a 3.5-fold increase in the decolorization rate. The optimal decolorization rates for E. coli CY1 and CY2 were 14.78 and 10.68 mg dye/g cell/h, respectively; both occurred at a dye concentration of 1200 mg/L. This indicates that the two strains can be operated at high dye concentration for color removal. Decolorization ability of E. coli CY1 and CY2 was inhibited as the temperature was higher than 42℃. Both strains exhibited better decolorization ability at a pH range of 7-10, but the decolorization was strongly retarded when aeration was employed due to an elevation in dissolved oxygen level. During repeated batch operations, the recombinant strains essentially maintained a constant decolorization rate, which is consistent with the fact that plasmid stability of the recombinant strain was close to 90 % at all runs. The results indicate that the E. coli CY1 and CY2 hold excellent stability and persistence in repetitive decolorization operations. It is also found that the recombinant strains (E. coli CY1 and CY2) had better decolorization rate than that of the wild-type strains containing the original decolorization gene in their genome。
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Wang, Mei Huey, and 王美惠. "Decolorization of Azo Dyes by White Rot Fungi." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87834103007768891264.
Full textAbstract:
碩士東吳大學
微生物學系
83
The capacities of various white rot fungi to decolorize serveral azo dyes, mainly Orange G, were studied in the pre- sent study. Among 15 different isolates, isolate 7 showed the best decolorization ability, which could remove 93% of the added dye in 2 hours. When isolate 7 was precultured in media buffered differently(i.e., potassium phosphate、sodium acetate and DMS buffered medium), the highest dry weight was obtained in potassium phosphate buffered medium. But, we failed to de- tect any significant of its decolorization activity. On the other hand, different medium compositions do show the effect on the decolorization ability of various white rot fungi. But we did not observe positive correlation between decolorization ability and the amount of fungi biomass been produce. When studying the effect of pH, the best decolorization activity was observed between 5 and 6. The effect of medium composition on the production of Laccase, Lignin per-oxidsae, Manganese dependent peroxidase, and Glyoxal oxidase was also studied. Regardless, whether it is in the filtrate or on the hyphae,the highest enzymatic activities were always detected when 1/2 PDB was used as the cultural medium. Unfortunatelly, I was unable to detect a correlation between the decolorization ability of isolate 7 and the production of the above enzymes.
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CHEN, WEN-JING, and 陳文靖. "Decolorization of melanoidin by geotrichum sp. No. 11." Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35045112189540624060.
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Jane-Yii, Wu, and 吳建一. "The technology developments in microbial decolorization of dyes." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/jyk9um.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立清華大學
化學工程學系
90
Azo dyes are the largest class of dyes with a world market share of 60-70%. At least 3,000 different varieties of azo dyes are extensively used in industries for various purposes. Although the azo dyes do not generally display acute toxicity, they are regarded as water pollutants because of their high color intensity in the environment. Approximately 10-15% of the amount of synthetic dyes produced annually is discharged with factory aqueous effluents, and most dyes are resistant to degradation by traditional biological processes. In the past two decades, several physical or chemical decolorization techniques have been developed, but few of them are accepted by the industries. Their lack of implementation is due to a high cost. As a viable alternative, a novel biological process has received an increasing interest owing to their cost effectiveness and environmental benignity. The main aim of the research was to determine the feasibility of the combined methods using fluidized bed reactor with immobilized-cell beads in decolorization of azo dye. The description of this study is divided into five sections. The first section is focused on the evaluation of modified polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) immobilized technique in decolorization of textile dyes (Chapter 2). The results prove that the modified PVA immobilization technique has been successfully applied to the decolorization process in a continuous stirred tank reactor. The elasticity and high mechanical strength of PVA beads was also proven to be adequate for the high shear stresses encountered in the reactor. Microscopic observation revealed that the microbial consortium contained in the gel beads was at least made up of three kinds of bacterial species, i.e., circle-shaped bacteria, rod-shaped bacteria, and filamentous bacteria. The second section of this research, covered in two chapters (Chapter 3 and Chapter 4), deals with the isolation of the azo-degrading bacteria from the activated sludge of petrochemical plants and the mud of University Lake. The mechanism of dye degradation using the isolated strains and the factors affecting biodegradation of azo dyes were also investigated. Several bacterial strains with the capability of degrading textile dyes were isolated. Aeromonas hydrophila was selected and identified because it exhibited the greatest decolorization ability both in terms of extent and rapidity of decolorization for 24 kinds of azo, anthraquinone, and indigo dyes. Although A. hydrophila displayed good growth in aerobic or agitation culture, color removal was the best in anoxic or anaerobic culture. Dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration exceeding 0.45 mg l-1 inhibited significantly bacterial decolorization. Glucose inhibits bacterial decolorization activity because the consumed glucose was converted to organic acids that might decrease the pH of the culture medium, thus inhibiting the cell growth and decolorization activity. In addition, preliminary results indicated that decolorization proceeded primarily by enzymatic reduction associated with a minor portion of biosorption onto the inactivated microbial cells. The third section deals with the mass transfer phenomena and the degraded dynamics of azo dyes in the PVA immobilized-isolate beads (Chapter 5). The concentration of polymer and the density of the cell in the gel beads were the most significant influencing factors on dye diffusion at a negligibly external mass-transfer resistance condition. In addition, we have developed a procedure, which permit extraction of the intrinsic kinetic parameters from observed reaction rates. This method and concept may be used to analyze the performance of other immobilized-cell systems. On the other hand, the effectiveness factors of immobilized-cell beads have been calculated for a range of microenvironmental conditions and macroenvironmental conditions. The results showed that intraparticle diffusional resistance has a significant effect on the azo dye biodegradation rate. The calculated effectiveness factor (ηcal) approached unity at Thiele modulus (Φ) < 0.3 (dp < 0.475 mm). The only limitation was believed to be the enzymatic reaction. The internal diffusional limitations were neglected. The fourth section deals with the hydrodynamic behaviors of PVA immobilized-cell beads in the liquid-solid fluidized bed bioreactor (Chapter 6). Our new experimental results were presented and compared with published results for the drag coefficient-Reynolds number, velocity-voidage, and expansion index-Reynolds number relationships observed during fluidization of rigid particles in a fluidized bed. Predictions made from previous correlations were examined with our new experimental findings, revealing the inadequacy of most of these correlations. Thus, new correlations describing the above-mentioned relationships are suggested. For multiparticle systems, the correction factor, f(ε), was a function of the falling gel bead properties (Reynolds number) as well as the fluidized gel bead properties (Archimedes number), and depended strongly on the bed voidage (ε). A new simple relation was developed to predict easily theεvalue from 0.5 to 0.9 at 4986< Ar < 40745. The experimental results may also be used to analyze the hydrodynamic performance of other various entrapped materials in liquid-solid fluidized bed bioreactor (FBR). The final section deals with the operational performances and modeling study of the liquid-solid FBR using immobilized-cell beads on decolorization of azo dye. The hydrodynamic characteristics of particles (Chapter 6) and the internal diffusional limitations (Chapter 5) were taken into account (Chapter 7). It was found that azo dye degradation time initially reaching a steady state decreased with an increase in bed expansion, cell bead number density and hydraulic retention time (HRT). The mean cell residence time (θC) on liquid-solid FBR using PVA immobilized-cell beads increased insignificantly from 1014.1 to 1014.9 days as the HRT increased from 3 to 24 h, and thus the impact of conventional reducedθC can be minimized by using the same polymer as support carries. Additionally, the internal mass-transfer resistance rather than the film diffusion resistance played an important role in azo dye utilization in liquid-solid FBR when film modulus (mf) was smaller than 1. On the other hand, the model was validated through the comparisons with the experimental data that the azo dye biodegradation was at a steady state under well-mixed operating conditions. The results also showed that the model was close enough to be used in the design and simulation of liquid-solid FBR operated with immobilized-cell bead system.
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Jiranuntipon, Suhuttaya. "Decolorization of molasses wastewater from distilleries using bacterial consortium." Phd thesis, 2009. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7785/1/Jiranuntipon.pdf.
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Distillery effluent from sugarcane molasses leads to an environmental pollution due to its large volume and the presence of dark brown colored compounds, known as melanoidins. In this study, a bacterial consortium CONS8 isolated from waterfall sediments in Maehongsorn province was selected as a molasses-decolorizing consortium. Consortium CONS8 was able to decolorize, only within 2 days, in Erlenmeyer flasks, three different synthetic wastewaters containing either Viandox sauce (13.5% v/v), beet molasses wastewater (41.5% v/v) or sugarcane molasses wastewater (20% v/v) at 9.5, 8.0 and 17.5%, respectively. Four predominant bacteria present in the consortium CONS8 were identified by the 16S rDNA analysis. To achieve the highest decolorization, the artificial bacterial consortium MMP1 comprising Klebsiella oxytoca, Serratia mercescens (T2) and unknown bacterium DQ817737 (T4), was constructed. Under optimized conditions (aeration, pH), the bacterial consortium MMP1 was able to decolorize the synthetic melanoidins-containing wastewater at 18.3% within 2 days. The comparison of decolorization by the consortium MMP1 with abiotic control proved that the color removal for synthetic melanoidins-containing wastewater medium was mainly due to biotic activity of bacterial cells, without any adsorption phenomena. Supplement of nutrients and vitamin B did not promote melanoidins decolorization by bacterial consortium MMP1. Finally, the performance of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) for synthetic melanoidins-containing wastewater treatment was investigated at laboratory scale, with a mineral membrane. The reactor seeding was made with the MMP1 bacterial consortium inoculum. The reactor was performed with several hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 15, 20, and 40 hours. The performances were analyzed in terms of COD, color removal and biomass in the reactor. The results indicated that the higher COD and color removal efficiency were achieved with the longer HRT.
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郭泰興. "Azo dye decolorization with genetically modified Escherichia coli strains." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01522505620890842582.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
化學工程學系
88
A genetically modified Escherichia coli NO3 strain was used to study the kinetics of azo-dye decolorization. The genetic manipulation and screening of the decolorizing strain was demonstrated. The effects of medium composition, biocatalyst types (suspended or immobilized), and metabolites on decolorization kinetics were investigated. The efficiency of repeated uses of the biocatalyst was also evaluated to assess its feasibility in practical application for color-removal of dye-containing wastewater. The results show that the recombinant plasmid harbored by E. coli NO3 may not contain genes encoding for the decolorization ability, which could originate from genes located on the chromosome. The medium composition is critical to the decolorization efficiency. It was found that decolorization with LB broth was the most effective. The optimal decolorization rates for suspended and immobilized cells were 92.6 and 28.4 mg/g cell/h, respectively, both occurred at a dye concentration of 2000 mg/L. This indicates that the strain can be operated at high dye concentrations for color removal. Decolorization was inhibited as the temperature was higher than 47oC. The suspended cells of E. coli NO3 exhibited better decolorization ability at a pH range of 7-9, while decolorization with the immobilized cells were insensitive to pH. Decolorization could not take place when the dissolved oxygen level exceeded 0.5 mg/L. In general, the decolorization rate of suspended cells was superior to that of immobilized ones. After repeated batch operations, the specific decolorization rate was enhanced to nearly 100 mg/g cell/h, probably due to the presence of decolorization metabolites. Long-term repeated batch tests conducted in a 500-mL bioreactor showed that E. coli NO3 exhibited excellent stability as it maintained high decolorization rates after consecutive operation for 48 days.
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"Decolorization and biodegradation of methyl red by acetobacter liquefaciens." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1989. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5886177.
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Jian, Zheng Yi, and 簡正義. "Bioligical decolorization by a white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58725946613897752122.
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Hua, Du Chia, and 杜佳樺. "Decolorization of synthetic dyes in aqueous solutions by fungi." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61752421465920254213.
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碩士中華科技大學
健康科技研究所
103
Microbial decolorization is an unexpensive and adaptable process to reduce the synthetic dyes of water pollution. In this study, white rot fungi and Penicillium notatum were used to remove methyl red, methylene blue and methyl violet dyes from aqueous solutions. The effects of contact time, temperature and initial dyes concentration on dye removal efficiency were investigated. Results of biosorption experiments via dead fungal biomass showed that the removal efficiencies of methyl red, methylene blue and methyl violet dyes were fitted to the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. The maximum biosorption capacity of white rot fungi and Penicillium notatum for methyl violet was found to be 299.3, 32.6 and 29.5 mg/g in 3 days, respectively. Degradation of methyl violet by live Penicillium notatum was assessed. At the end of 8 days of incubation，over 40％ of methyl violet was degraded by the fungal treatment in liquid medium．This work demonstrates that the microbial decolorization had a potential to be used in the removal of synthetic dyes from aqueous solutions.
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Yu, Yu Hung, and 游宏瑜. "Wastewater decolorization with high-cell-density fed-batch bioreactor." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35941356649798740261.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
化學工程學系
89
Abstract Our recent work shows that Pseudomonas luteola can effectively decolorize an azo dye (Reactive Red 22). When the bacterial strain is used as the biocatalyst in practical decolorization process, the cell concentration in the system critically affects the efficiency and capacity of decolorization treatment. However, in batch or continuous cultivation, the cell concentration is usually limited to less than 2 g/L, resulting in a low decolorization efficiency. Therefore, this research applied fed-batch strategy to achieve high-cell-density cultivation of Pseudomonas luteola to enhance the decolorization performance. The experimental results show that medium composition and feeding strategy of medium had a close relationship with cell concentration. Through proper cultivation procedures, the cell concentration can be promoted to over 15g/L. Anaerobic decolorization operation was started after biomass concentration exceeded 15 g/L. The high cell density can significantly facilitate the capacity and applicability of the microbial decolorization bioreactor. Appropriate manipulation of dye concentration, feeding rate and treatment time was able to enhance the effectiveness of the decolorization bioprocess. In addition, repeated fed-batch decolorization was conducted to evaluate the stability of using the strain in decolorization operations.
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Huang, Johnson, and 黃章誠. "Decolorization of azo dye RED RBN by immobilized cells." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19965263626987225197.
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CAI, XING-YUAN, and 蔡杏元. "Efficient Decolorization of Azo Dye by White-rot Fungi." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/f2647f.
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碩士中華科技大學
健康科技研究所在職專班
106
Dyes released by the textile industries pose threat to environment. In this study, the white-rot fungus has been evaluated for the removal of textile dyes containing methyl orange and methyl red. A full factorial central composite design was employed for experimental design and optimization of results. The effect of concentrations of azo dye, potato dextrose broth, temperature and pH on dye removal was evaluated. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the decolorization of the methyl orange and methyl red dyes. The removal of methyl orange and methyl red dyes increased with the temperature and pH. Results show that the optimum temperature and pH for decolorization process were found to be 30℃ and pH 7.0, respectively.
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Chou, Chien, and 周劍. "Decolorization of Azo Dye Using Immobilized Cells of Pseudomonas luteola." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53757751903013489652.
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碩士逢甲大學
化學工程學系
87
A Pseudomonas luteola strain capable of decolorizing the azo-dye-containing wastewater was utilized to investigate the kinetics of removing the color of azo dye (C.I. Reactive red 22). The study aimed to establish the growth kinetics of P. luteola, as well as kinetics of azo dye decolorization with suspended cells and with the cells immobilized with three different immobilization matrices (calcium alginate, k-carrageenan, and polyacrylamide). The effects of temperature, pH, and dye concentration were investigated to determine the key factors of azo dye decolorization with a series of batch operations using suspended and immobilized cells of P. luteola. The optimal preparation strategies for cell immobilization were determined. Repeated batch decolorization was also conducted to investigate the operation stability and regeneration efficiency of the immobilized cells, in order to evaluate the potential of using the immobilized cells for removing the color of dye-containing industrial effluents. The experimental results show that the effects of environmental factors (temperature, pH, substrate concentration, etc..) on decolorization of reactive red 22 were similar for both suspended and immobilized cells. In general, operations at temperatures higher than 47℃ were unfavorable. Changes in pH did not appreciably affect the decolorization efficiency of the immobilized cells, while for suspended cells a slightly better decolorization rate occurred under weak basic conditions. Of the three immobilized cells tested, calcium alginate (CA)-immobilized cells exhibited the best mass transfer efficiency, followed by k-carrageenan (CG)-immobilized cells and polyacrylamide (PAA)-immobilized cells. However, the structural stability decreased in the order of PAA-cells > CA-cells > CG-cells. The three immobilized cells showed high equilibrium conversion efficiencies of around 95-98%, which is similar to that for suspended cells. For the comparison of the kinetic properties of the three types of immobilized cells at 28℃ and pH 7, they all exhibited similar specific decolorization rates of around 3.0 to 4.0 mg dye/g cell/h, which is only 1/3 of that obtained from the suspended cells. With an initial dye concentration of 200 mg/L, the time required for a 50% conversion (t1/2) was in the range of 7 - 9 h for CA- and CG-immobilized cells, whereas a longer t1/2 was observed for PAA-immobilized cells.
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張坦卿. "Decolorization of reactive dyes by phanerochaete chrysosporium in agitated cultures." Thesis, 1991. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42829504280950711187.
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Chang, Chao-Shuan, and 張肇栓. "Microbial decolorization of wastewater with continuous hollow-fiber microfiltration bioreactor." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88373097006026424440.
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碩士逢甲大學
化學工程學系
89
Biocatalysts are often immobilized when they are applied in practical operations. However, conventional immobilization methods, such as matrix entrapment, usually cause mass transfer restriction that leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the biocatalysts. In this study, an azo-dye-decolorizing bacterium Pseudomonas luteola was used as the biocatalyst to remove the color of azo dye Reactive Red 22. A hollow-fiber microfiltration membrane was utilized to retain the biocatalyst inside the reactor for continuous decolorization of the azo dye. The membrane reactor causes no mass transfer limitations, and may also raise the cell concentration within the reactor; thus has the potential to enhance the operation efficiency. This study utilized the hollow-fiber membrane reactor for continuous decolorization of wastewater. The optimal operation strategy was determined by investigate the effects of operation parameters (e.g., temperature, hydraulic retention time (HRT), dye loading rate, medium loading rate, and biomass concentration, etc.) on decolorization efficiency. The results show that the best decolorization rate occurred at a temperature of 40oC. The overall decolorization efficiency increased when biomass concentration was increased. The optimal HRT was 13 h. The decolorization rate increased rapidly with an increase in dye loading rate. The extracellular metabolites of a dye-decolorizing bacterium Escherichia coli NO3 appeared to enhance the decolorization ability of P. luteola, and the maximal decolorization was elevated to 125 mg dye/g cell/h.
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Yu, Chen Shan, and 陳姍玗. "Development and ecological engineering aspects of azo-dye decolorization processes." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02255587665757897828.
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碩士逢甲大學
化學工程學系
89
In this study, cells of Pseudomonas luteola, a bacterial strain capable of decolorizing azo-dyes, were entrap within gel matrix (calcium alginate (CA) and polyacrylamide (PAA)); the immobilized cells were utilized to remove the color of dye-containing wastewater. with fixed-bed processes. Repeated batch decolorization was also conducted to examine the operation stability and reusability of the immobilized cells. The effects of bed length, flow rate, and influent dye concentration on fixed-bed decolorization were studied. Ecological engineering aspects were introduced to investigate how interspecies interactions in mixed cultures affect microbial decolorization. The experimental results show that the fixed-bed columns packed with CA-immobilized cells of P. luteola allowed stable operation for 120 h with the addition of 0.01M CaCl2. PAA-immobilized cells have better mechanical stability, while CA-immobilized cells exhibit more efficient mass transfer and thus higher decolorization efficiency. With two 20-cm CA-immobilized cell columns operated in series, and with the influent dye concentration of 50 mg/L and flow rate of 30 ml/h., the decolorization rate was 1.14 mg/h. On the other hand, at the influent dye concentration of 200 mg/L and flow rate of 15 ml/h, columns with PAA-immobilized cells exhibited a decolorization rate of 2.82 mg/h. Since interspecies interaction occurred in mixed culture, the most ecologically favorable consortium for azo-dye decolorization was evolved. This study investigated interactions between decolorizers Pseudomonas luteola (species of A) and non-decolorizers Escherichia coli DH5α (species of B) to identify the optimal operation strategies for decolorization with the mixed culture. The results show that optimal conditions for decolorization were: dye concentration = 900 mg/L, pH = 5-7, and temperature = 28-42 ℃. The presence of DH5a enhances the decolorization efficiency of P. luteola even though DH5α was considered “ dormant” in this two-species community. The best decolorization rate occurred when the ratio of P. luteola and E. coli DH5α cells was 1:3. Supplement of extracellular metabolites of E. coli DH5α or E. coli NO3 can enhance the decolorization efficiency of P. luteola, especially for addition of metabolites of E. coli NO3, allowing P. luteola decolorize 200 mg/L of dye completely within 4 h.
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Chen, Jian Cheng, and 陳建成. "Decolorization of wastewater of MSG fermentation with molasses as substrate." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76319587188910430116.
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Wu, Xing Juan, and 吳幸娟. "Biological decolorization by an immobilized white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89506641333216382057.
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