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Journal articles on the topic 'Decommissioning'
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Wang, Handing, and Xiaoyu Liang. "Study on probabilistic safety assessment in decommissioning of nuclear power plant." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1171, no. 1 (April 1, 2023): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1171/1/012011.
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Abstract The decommissioning of Nuclear power plant involves many activities different from the normal operation stage of Nuclear power plant. In the process of decommissioning, there are many new safety problems, which usually require new safety evaluation. The safety management of decommissioning runs through the whole decommissioning stage until the decommissioning of the plant site is completed. The management level depends on the risk level of each stage of decommissioning, especially the decommissioning process of high radioactivity in nuclear power plant, so it is necessary to pay attention to the risk of different stages of decommissioning and improve the decommissioning safety management. At present, probabilistic safety assessment method has become an effective tool to support and supplement deterministic safety assessment, and is used in regulatory activities. The safety risk analysis of nuclear power plant in the decommissioning stage in China is in the initial stage, with little experience. Therefore, it is necessary to study the corresponding technical methods and risk management applications. This paper study on the probabilistic safety assessment in the decommissioning of nuclear power plant, including its scope of application, risk-informed assessment method and safety management application. The probabilistic safety assessment of decommissioning of nuclear power plant is an effective means to evaluate the potential risks related to decommissioning activities and their possible consequences. This method can be used for safety review and safety management in the decommissioning stage of nuclear power plant.
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Thomas, Steve. "The organisation & the costs of the decommissioning nuclear plants in the UK." ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, no. 2 (May 2009): 63–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/efe2008-002005.
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- UK electricity consumers have paid provisions for decommissioning since before 1980 but by 2002, there were still negligible funds available to pay for decommissioning civil nuclear facilities. By then, the two major UK nuclear companies, British Energy and British Nuclear Fuels Limited (BNFL), were both effectively bankrupt. This paper examines: the pre-2002 provisions for decommissioning and how they were lost; the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority, a new public body which took over ownership of BNFL's facilities including the duty to manage their decommissioning and how it expects to carry out and fund decommissioning of its sites; how the re-launched British Energy will contribute to decommissioning its eight plants; and government plans for collecting decommissioning provisions for any new plants.JEL classifications: L50, L38, H23, H44, L71Key words: Nuclear power, decommissioning cost, funding and polluter pays.
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Balogun, Timi, Michael Davar, and Ruggero Chicco. "Decommissioning Disputes – The Sustainability Gap." Journal of Sustainable Development Law and Policy (The) 14, no. 1 (August 18, 2023): 56–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jsdlp.v14i1.4s.
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The regulatory framework for oil and gas decommissioning forms the background against which decommissioning disputes take place. The growing role of sustainability considerations in the decommissioning process could lead to an increase in existing decommissioning disputes and to the development of new decommissioning sustainability disputes.
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Hughes, Kayleigh, Fairul Izmal Jamal Hisne, and Li Yuen Su. "Environmental considerations for decommissioning." APPEA Journal 61, no. 1 (2021): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj20095.
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The acceleration of decommissioning activities in recent times has expedited the need to decommission responsibly and sustainably. Decommissioning activities are increasingly under public scrutiny, yet in many regions there remains a lack of legislation, regulatory guidance, and practical experience in implementing decommissioning activities. In general, the decommissioning process begins with the assessment stage, followed by planning and management, and lastly the actual decommissioning execution. The best practice approach for responsible decommissioning is to conduct a best practicable environmental option (BPEO) study, which is also known as a comparative assessment and/or decommissioning options assessment. The BPEO will identify the most beneficial or least damaging option to be selected for each decommissioning project by accounting for all relevant influencing aspects such as technical, environmental and social impacts, costs, stakeholder opinions, legal compliance as well as health and safety. Such documentation is important to demonstrate that potential impacts arising from decommissioning activities have either been removed or are reduced to as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP). The best decommissioning option will vary depending on local aspects such as environmental baseline conditions, key stakeholders, waste management and disposal facilities, available technologies and the viability of all options considered including reuse (e.g. rigs to reef). This paper outlines recommended approaches for successful decommissioning planning, highlighting key environmental considerations and other important influencing factors. The aim is to demonstrate the importance of holistic thinking for the development of decommissioning strategies to establish a robust decommissioning plan and successful execution.
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Kirkaldy, John, Richard Needham, Joe Craig, James Anderson, James Goodman, and Paul Bew. "Decommissioning Mindsets." Books Ireland, no. 222 (1999): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20631825.
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Zinke, Laura. "Decommissioning coal." Nature Reviews Earth & Environment 1, no. 12 (October 29, 2020): 626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43017-020-00114-y.
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Richler, Jenn. "Decommissioning discourse." Nature Energy 4, no. 11 (November 2019): 903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41560-019-0506-z.
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Taylor, Andrew, and Stephen Stokes. "Embracing Australia's decommissioning liability." APPEA Journal 61, no. 2 (2021): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj20062.
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Improving visibility of when and where oil and gas assets are approaching end of life has provided the foundation for transformation of decommissioning planning and execution around the world. A baseline understanding of decommissioning established by Oil and Gas UK fed into the much lauded Maximising Economic Recovery strategy, and provided a platform for government to pursue a 35% cost reduction target for decommissioning in the United Kingdom. In the Netherlands, one of the first four priorities pursued to maximise value through decommissioning was the establishment of a national decommissioning database, which aimed to create an integrated view of decommissioning scope and timelines. In 2020, funded by NERA and a group of seven operators, Advisian delivered the first operator-supported assessment of Australia's decommissioning liability and outlook. This outlook lays the foundation for initiatives that support knowledge sharing, service sector engagement, collaboration, technology development, efficiency and reduced stakeholder burden. This joint presentation by NERA and Advisian will provide an overview of NERA's decommissioning strategy and the data that underpins this strategy, the Advisian ‘Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Liability' assessment for Australia.
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Tyas, Ratih Luhuring, Deswandri Deswandri, Dinnia Intaningrum, and Julwan Hendry Purba. "RISK ASSESSMENT ON THE DECOMMISSIONING STAGE OF INDONESIAN TRIGA 2000 RESEARCH REACTOR." JURNAL TEKNOLOGI REAKTOR NUKLIR TRI DASA MEGA 24, no. 2 (July 19, 2022): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/tdm.2022.24.2.6632.
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Decommissioning is the final stage of a nuclear reactor. In preparing the decommissioning plan, one of the important elements that need to be considered is safety assessment. During decommissioning, there are many complex tasks to be done where the radiological and non-radiological hazards arise and can significantly affect not only the workers but also the general public and the environment. Indonesia has no experience with nuclear reactor decommissioning, so it is necessary to study various experiences of decommissioning activities in the world. This study proposes a framework to implement the safety assessment on the decommissioning of the TRIGA 2000 research reactor. The framework was developed on desk-based research and analysis. The proposed framework involves the facility and decommissioning activities, hazard identification, hazard analysis, hazard evaluation, hazard or risk control, and independent review.
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Murray, Stephen. "Decommissioning liability for offshore oil and gas installations: planning for a happy ending." APPEA Journal 53, no. 2 (2013): 446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj12057.
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This extended abstract outlines the draconian statutory decommissioning liability regime for offshore installations in the UK Continental Shelf (UKCS), drawing comparisons with the other jurisdictions. The impact of the regime on regulatory and contractual requirements for decommissioning security that creates barriers for new entrants into the UKCS is highlighted. One such barrier is the calculation of decommissioning security by reference to the pre-tax cost of decommissioning (i.e. without considering tax relief on decommissioning expenditure at the time it is incurred). This extended abstract comments on recent novel proposals from the government to limit the amount of capital tied up in decommissioning security by adopting measures that will facilitate calculation of decommissioning security on a post-tax basis. The UKCS is a mature province and the government is seeking to balance its desire to maximise economic recovery from the UKCS with its policy objective of ensuring that taxpayers are not responsible for decommissioning costs. The proposals envisage that the government will enter decommissioning relief deeds with owners of offshore installations. This will provide certainty about the rate of relief they will achieve in relation to their own share of decommissioning expenditure; it also ensures relief is available where they incur such costs due to the default of other parties. In essence, the government is contemplating entering a form of stabilisation agreement that will provide redress in the event that future changes in law reduce the tax relief available for decommissioning expenditure. The proposals show a bold attempt to promote investment by addressing political risk in a highly developed jurisdiction.
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Huyen, Le Thi. "Comparative analysis of financial assurance instruments for offshore oil decommissioning and mine restoration." Petrovietnam Journal 6 (June 30, 2021): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.47800/pvj.2021.06-04.
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This paper introduces how different bonding mechanisms for oil and gas decommissioning and mine restoration can ensure operators’ accomplishment of restoration/decommissioning liability and affect their budget. Four mechanisms presented and compared herein include surety bonds, cash collateral bonds, decommissioning and abandonment provisions, and lease-specific abandonment accounts. The author also provides some cautions and recommends amendments for each mechanism to be efficiently applied to oil and gas decommissioning in Vietnam so as to assure operators’ decommissioning duties without discouraging their potential investments.
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HARLOCK, JENNY, IESTYN WILLIAMS, GLENN ROBERT, KELLY HALL, RUSSELL MANNION, and SALLY BREARLEY. "Doing More with Less in Health Care: Findings from a Multi-Method Study of Decommissioning in the English National Health Service." Journal of Social Policy 47, no. 3 (October 30, 2017): 543–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279417000721.
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AbstractIn the context of an austere financial climate, local health care budget holders are increasingly expected to make and enact decisions to decommission (reduce or stop providing) services. However, little is currently known about the experiences of those seeking to decommission. This paper presents the first national study of decommissioning in the English National Health Service drawing on multiple methods, including: an interview-based review of the contemporary policy landscape of health care decommissioning; a national online survey of commissioners of health care services responsible for managing and enacting budget allocation decisions locally; and illustrative vignettes provided by those who have led decommissioning activities. Findings are presented and discussed in relation to four themes: national-local relationships; organisational capacity and resources for decommissioning; the extent and nature of decommissioning; and intended outcomes of decommissioning. Whilst it is unlikely that local commissioners will be able to ‘successfully’ implement decommissioning decisions unless aspects of engagement, local context and outcomes are addressed, it remains unclear what ‘success’ looks like in terms of a decommissioning process.
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Guo, Yaping, Peng Nie, Ruizhi Li, Lijun Zhang, Xingwang Zhang, Ren Ren, and Zelong Zhao. "A brief investigation of the dose field virtual simulation tools for reactor decommissioning and preliminary design for the HWRR reactor in China." Nuclear Energy and Technology 10, no. 1 (January 22, 2024): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nucet.10.114088.
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The calculation and visualization of the dose field in the decommissioning of nuclear facilities is one of the important functions of the decommissioning virtual simulation system. The dose field simulation tools can provide radiation field distribution and play an important role in determining the decommissioning plan and protecting personnel during the engineering implementation process. This article investigates the development of dose field calculation and visualization in the reactor decommissioning virtual simulation systems. A preliminary technology plan suitable for the development of the decommissioning dose field calculation and visualization display programs of the first Heavy Water Research Reactor (HWRR) in China is proposed. The applicability of the selected scheme is analyzed. The functional requirement and development direction of the HWRR reactor decommissioning dose field tool are preliminarily determined. Furthermore, the reactor vessel of HWRR reactor is modeled, the dose field distribution is calculated and visualized based on the preliminary decommissioning code. This research can provide technical support for the development of the decommissioning simulation system for the first HWRR reactor in China.
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Suherman, Sarah, Noor Amila Wan Zawawi, Eu Shawn Lim, Nurul Anis Kamarudin, Mohd Shahir Liew, Kamaluddeen Usman Danyaro, and Thor Sterker. "Assessing Optimal and Sustainable Decommissioning Approaches for Fixed Jacket Structures in the Southeast Asian (SEA) Region: A Semi-Quantitative Risk Evaluation." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology 63, no. 2 (March 16, 2025): 148–56. https://doi.org/10.37934/araset.63.2.148156.
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The majority of Southeast Asian (SEA) nations rely on the rules set forth by the Association of Southeast Asian Nations Council on Petroleum (ASCOPE), which strives to manage regional decommissioning concerns, in the absence of comprehensive decommissioning legislation. To further enable efficient and secure offshore and decommissioning execution, even with the ASCOPE guideline, the existing decommissioning legislation must be improved. The originality of this study is in the provision of suggested improvement plans for the SEA region's present decommissioning execution strategy. This approach will also lessen the danger to HSE in offshore and decommissioning operations. To analyse the risk associated with current decommissioning removal techniques, Delphi method was conducted, bringing together experts from the SEA area, including Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei, Thailand, and Indonesia. These experts came from a variety of backgrounds, including industry, academia, and regulator. We considered three (3) risk factors: financial/economical, environmental, and occupational safety. Based on the Delphi method conducted, we were able to identify the best removal method for decommissioning of fixed jacket structure based on the risk factors listed.
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Mele, Irena. "Decommissioning: a problem or a challenge?" Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 19, no. 2 (2004): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp0402065m.
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With the ageing of nuclear facilities or the reduced interest in their further operation, a new set of problems, related to the decommissioning of these facilities, has come into forefront. In many cases it turns out that the preparations for decommissioning have come too late, and that financial resources for covering decommissioning activities have not been provided. To avoid such problems, future liailities should be thoroughly estimated in drawing up the decommissioning and waste management programme for each nuclear facility in time, and financial provisions for implementing such programme should be provided. In this paper a presentation of current decommissioning experience in Slovenia is given. The main problems and difficulties in decommissioning of the Zirovski Vrh Uranium Mine are exposed and the lesson learned from this case is presented. The preparation of the decommissioning programme for the Nuclear Power Plant Krsko is also described, and the situation at the TRIGA research reactor is briefly discussed.
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Davies, Abigail J., and Astley Hastings. "Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Decommissioning Manmade Structures in the Marine Environment; Current Trends and Implications for the Future." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 6 (May 28, 2023): 1133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11061133.
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The decommissioning of manmade structures in the marine environment causes large volumes of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to be released. Current GHG emissions calculation methods for decommissioning offshore oil and gas industry infrastructure leave large sources of GHG emissions unaccounted for. The results presented here show that these consequential decommissioning GHG emissions are underreported by 50%. Until now, no study has looked at the cumulative impact of decommissioning, but this study shows that globally offshore oil and gas infrastructure decommissioning has produced 25 MtCO2e to date, around 0.5% of annual global GHG emissions. Importantly, this study also shows that due to the growth of the offshore wind industry, increasing numbers of manmade structures will be emplaced in the marine environment, and GHG emissions from decommissioning will increase 200-fold to 5 GtCO2e by 2067. Crucially, this growth of GHG emissions is not compatible with the Paris Agreement, and new decommissioning methods will be required to meet this challenge.
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Anyatang, Brian F. I., and Bassey E. Kooffreh. "Abandonment/decommissioning under Nigerian legal regimes: A comparative analysis." Environmental Law Review 23, no. 2 (April 6, 2021): 110–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14614529211006074.
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The overall objective of this article is to analyse critically the legal instruments that regulate decommissioning of onshore and offshore platforms in the Nigerian Petroleum Industry vis-à-vis other jurisdictions such as The United States of America (USA) and United Kingdom (UK) with a view to making requisite recommendations for improvement in the Nigerian Petroleum Industry. This article in its introductory part will be devoted to conceptual clarifications of decommissioning and abandonment and differences (if any). Part two is the critical analysis of legislations on decommissioning in Nigeria. Part three is also a critical analysis on legal regimes and practices on decommissioning in other jurisdictions such as USA and UK. Part four is a comparative analysis of legislations and decommissioning practices in Nigeria and other jurisdiction. Part five consists of findings/recommendations made during the research. In the end, conclusions are drawn, part of which is a call for proactive actions by megacorporation and the Nigerian government in the sphere of timeous decommissioning of obsolete and failed platforms, enactment and, or, review of obsolete legislations regulating decommissioning as well as fulfilment of obligations under multilateral environmental treaties that regulate decommissioning and sustainable environmental management and protection.
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Jones, Christopher M., Michael B. Boisvert, Shannon L. Dolbel, Richard P. Langsford, George N. Farag, Kellie A. Rinaldi, Jennifer D. Brauhart, Paul Y. Hoffman, and Grant A. Brunsdon. "Key lessons in planning for proactive decommissioning – a review of the Thevenard Island decommissioning project." APPEA Journal 62, no. 1 (May 13, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj21216.
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Chevron Australia Pty Ltd (CAPL) has operated an oil and gas production facility on Thevenard Island (TVI), a gazetted Nature Reserve, since 1988 on behalf of the TVI Joint Venture. CAPL is currently decommissioning the asset following cessation of production in 2014. Decommissioning activities include plugging and abandonment of onshore and offshore production wells, decommissioning onshore infrastructure and facilities, decommissioning offshore platforms and pipelines, and remediating and rehabilitating the terrestrial environment. CAPL is currently undertaking decommissioning and retirement of its facilities on TVI, including remediation and rehabilitation activities. CAPL is committed to progressing the decommissioning and rehabilitation activities in a timely manner to deliver positive outcomes for environment, local community and other users of TVI. Delivering on historical commitments and applying best practice to ensure the lease area can be relinquished as a functioning and sustainable ecosystem is key to being a responsible operator and maintaining social licence to operate. This paper will provide an overview of decommissioning activities and progress to date, with a focus on onshore operations, and discuss challenges encountered as well as lessons learnt from decommissioning planning and sequencing, implementation of the regulatory framework and in-field execution.
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Omotuyi, Opeyemi Yetunde. "A Critical Assessment of the Regulatory Framework for Oil and Gas Decommissioning in Nigeria." Journal of Sustainable Development Law and Policy (The) 14, no. 1 (August 18, 2023): 140–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jsdlp.v14i1.7s.
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Oil and gas production have been ongoing in Nigeria since the first major discovery of oil in commercial quantity in 1956. With over sixty years of exploitation, there is a tendency that several oil fields may be approaching the end of their viable lifespan. Moreover, with the increasing agitation against global warming and climate change, and the attendant shift towards energy transition and sustainable development, a wave of decommissioning in the oil and gas sector is to be expected globally. Since Nigeria is identifying with the energy transition agenda, the discourse on decommissioning is germane to the Nigerian oil and gas industry, especially because a move to cleaner energy sources will necessitate the decommissioning of several oil fields in the country. To ensure an effective decommissioning regime however, there must be established clear and enforceable rules and regulations for decommissioning in the oil and gas industry. Such rules and regulations must also address major issues and challenges attributable to decommissioning oil and gas projects generally.
Against this backdrop, this study explores the various legal regimes applicable to the decommissioning of oil and gas projects in Nigeria, with the aim of identifying the adequacy or otherwise of such laws. It was found that the existing legal regime, where considered together, provides adequately for decommissioning issues and challenges in the Nigerian oil and gas sector. Notwithstanding, the study found few challenges that may still hinder effective decommissioning processes in Nigeria. Therefore, the study concluded by proffering suitable recommendations that can promote the objectives of decommissioning in the Nigerian oil and gas sector.
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Yamashita, Osamu, Shigekazu Suzuki, and Tomoharu Doi. "Special Issue on Creative Robot Contest for Decommissioning." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 34, no. 3 (June 20, 2022): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2022.p0497.
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The decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, the plant affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake, will continue for a long time to come, but few young people are willing to take on the challenge because they tend to have the impression that decommissioning work is a post-accident cleanup. However, decommissioning is the most important issue for Fukushima and is of global importance. Therefore, the National Institute of Technology, Fukushima College (Fukushima KOSEN), which is located closest to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, established a council of cooperation and started the Creative Robot Contest for Decommissioning in cooperation with other National Institute of Technologies (KOSEN) to increase the awareness and interest in decommissioning among the young. The robot contest, themed on issues related to the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, has been held annually since 2016 for students of KOSEN across Japan, and the 7th Creative Robot Contest for Decommissioning is scheduled to be held in December 2022. Although the ideas and robots developed by KOSEN students from all over Japan to solve the problems involved in the decommissioning will not directly contribute to future decommissioning work, the ideas and technologies learned can be used in other fields, and the participating students are expected to be active in a wide range of fields as well. This special issue contains review papers of the Creative Robot Contest for Decommissioning, development reports, and research papers on the robots developed. A total of eight papers are included: two review papers, two research papers, and four development reports on decommissioning robots designed by students. At the same time, we hope that young people in Japan and abroad will also become interested in the robots introduced in this special issue, and that the decommissioning work of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant will proceed safely and securely by combining the wisdom of the whole world.
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Jarvis, Samantha, and Luke Smith. "National Decommissioning Research Initiative outcomes inform offshore decommissioning options." APPEA Journal 62, no. 2 (May 13, 2022): S287—S290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj21056.
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The Australian offshore oil and gas industry is facing a significant decommissioning portfolio over the next few decades. In response to this, in 2019, eight Australian oil and gas operators and the National Energy Resources Australia (NERA) established the National Decommissioning Research Initiative (NDRI) with the aim to fill key knowledge gaps on the potential environmental impacts, risks and benefits of different decommissioning options in Australia’s offshore environment. In Phase 1, seven research projects were undertaken covering the interaction that occurs between the environment and oil and gas infrastructure in Australia’s oceans. These projects focused on habitat, connectivity, invasive marine species, degradation of metals and non-metals and potential contaminants of concern such as mercury and naturally occurring radioactive materials. Two other projects were undertaken to gain insights into regulators, stakeholders, marine users and scientist views on offshore decommissioning risks and opportunities. This paper describes the drivers for NDRI, the outcomes of the Phase 1 projects and the future projects to be undertaken to support the environmental assessment of different decommissioning options.
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Gray, Alasdair, and Chris Wilson. "Industry-wide learnings from the independent review of Australia’s most complex decommissioning program." APPEA Journal 62, no. 2 (May 13, 2022): S268—S273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj21163.
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In 2019, the Minister for Resources and Northern Australia issued a Statement of Expectations to the National Offshore Petroleum and Safety Environmental Management Authority (NOPSEMA) establishing heightened expectations for duty holder compliance with their decommissioning obligations. In response, NOPSEMA increased compliance monitoring and enforcement activities to assess adequacy of the level of decommissioning planning and implementation by duty holders. On 20 May 2021, NOPSEMA issued a general direction to Esso Australia relating to their Bass Strait decommissioning program, likely one of Australia’s most significant and complex decommissioning projects. The direction included a requirement to undertake an independent review of Esso’s engineering and project management approach and consider if there were opportunities for reducing the timeframe to commence and subsequently complete all necessary decommissioning activities. This review was subsequently awarded to Xodus, in partnership with Labrador and focussed on core disciplines such as project management, regulatory approvals, stakeholder engagement, well plugging and abandonment, contracting, topsides and subsea facilities and waste management. Australia is at a pivotal stage in the context of decommissioning oil and gas infrastructure. With heightened regulatory oversight alongside recent and continuing changes to legislation, ensuring supply chain is ready to deliver against this backdrop will be critical to the future success of regional decommissioning and ensure all parties bearing the cost of this work are satisfied. This paper will discuss the independent review process of Esso’s decommissioning program and outline key challenges and opportunities the industry faces in realising improved decommissioning efficiency in the region.
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Shams, Shahriar, D. M. Reddy Prasad, Monzur Alam Imteaz, Md Munir Hayet Khan, Amimul Ahsan, and Md Rezaul Karim. "An Assessment of Environmental Impact on Offshore Decommissioning of Oil and Gas Pipelines." Environments 10, no. 6 (June 20, 2023): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments10060104.
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There has been a steady growth in the length of pipelines over the past 45 years, with over 6000 operating platforms extracting oil. Several facilities would reach their operational life, which can no longer be economically viable for their production and will eventually undergo the decommissioning procedure. Almost 3000 petroleum industries will likely be decommissioned worldwide in the next 17 years. By 2030, the total cost of decommissioning globally amounted to about USD 104.5 billion. The choice to decommission the offshore oil and gas sector is considered complicated and crucial as it must evaluate numerous variables such as cost, health and safety, and environmental consequences. This review paper aims to assess the decommissioning activity, specifically on pipelines in the oil and gas industry. The purpose of this study is to understand and evaluate significant environmental impacts associated with decommissioning of oil pipelines and to propose mitigation measures to address the challenges of decommissioning. Waste disposal, a threat to biodiversity and air pollution, is a major environmental concern in decommissioning oil and gas pipelines. Among the decommissioning measures, leave in-situ has the lowest environmental impact while repurposing and recycling, with the application of environmental impact qualitatively and quantitatively by integrating 3D information models, mathematical models embedded in hydrodynamic models look promising for decommissioning.
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Wee, Kenneth. "Decommissioning and rehabilitation: funding models." APPEA Journal 61, no. 2 (2021): 526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj20180.
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Decommissioning oil and gas facilities and rehabilitating a petroleum operation area involve complex, lengthy and costly processes. Funding the liability for the decommissioning and rehabilitation phase of a petroleum project is determined by the juxtaposition of a matrix of three fundamental and closely interdependent policy decisions on: whose obligation it is (the proponent, the state or both) to carry out decommissioning, whose liability it is (the proponent, the state or both) to pay for decommissioning and which decommissioning funding model is appropriate for the proponent and/or the government (if there is state participation). Proponent models may include funding with or without security or contributions to a decommissioning fund. Government funding models are inextricably linked with the imposition, collection and appropriation of the fiscal take applying to the oil and gas sector. There are therefore many variants in the responses to, and stance taken, on the above policy issues. It is, however, universally accepted that the state should not be inadvertently left with the ultimate obligation and/or the liability for decommissioning and rehabilitation. The preferred policy choice involves finely balancing the interests of the state without disincentivising private sector investment in the development of the petroleum resource. This study will review the pros and cons of the main alternative funding models typically used internationally, the status of Australia’s decommissioning funding and associated fiscal policies, whether and to what extent the Australian government participates in the funding of decommissioning and rehabilitation undertakings and proposed improvements to the policy design settings.
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Shaw, Paul F. "Decommissioning and remediation challenges for the petroleum industry." APPEA Journal 57, no. 2 (2017): 546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj16228.
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The life cycle of the petroleum industry in Australia is necessitating decommissioning and remediation of aging onshore and offshore assets. This activity provides significant challenges for operators. Decommissioning and remediation is neither a core capability of operators nor a key driver of value for businesses that derive value from exploration, development and production. There is no revenue stream at the completion of decommissioning and remediation. This exacerbates the need for accurate cost estimates and well-planned projects. International experience has demonstrated that remediation costs have often significantly exceeded provisioning for rehabilitation. These issues are felt even more acutely in a low oil price environment. Finally, some Australian jurisdictions are currently developing policy frameworks and guidelines around the decommissioning and remediation responsibilities. This creates uncertainty for operators in planning and costing decommissioning and remediation work scopes. As well as satisfying legislative and policy requirements of governments, operators need to manage a range of other stakeholders that have interests in the decommissioning methodologies and remediation outcomes. This paper addresses these challenges and proposes that innovative decommissioning and remediation strategies are required to shorten project execution times, reduce costs, maintain high safety standards and produce suitable environmental outcomes. Decommissioning and remediation requirements differ significantly from development requirements; decommissioning project organisational capabilities should be structured to reflect these requirements. Case studies are used to demonstrate that effective waste management strategies are key determinants of success due to high waste disposal costs and the sensitivity of waste handling and disposal for key stakeholders.
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Chikin, Andrey. "A path to make well-informed decisions when considering the decommissioning of subsea pipelines." Australian Energy Producers Journal 64, no. 2 (May 16, 2024): S472—S476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ep23118.
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Australia’s law mandates the removal of infrastructure once not in use unless the Titleholder can demonstrate an equal or superior safety and environmental outcome. Around 100 infield and export pipelines in Australian waters, with an approximate total length of 5000 km, are nearing their end-of-life period. Three common decommissioning options are considered for subsea pipelines: complete removal, partial removal, or in-situ abandonment. Decommissioning these pipelines will cost an estimated US$13 billion, ~33% of the cumulative Australian offshore decommissioning liability, should the full removal option be selected. When decommissioning subsea pipelines, it is essential to consider that they have been exposed to hazardous fluids and aggressive environments. Careful assessments should determine the recyclability of recovered materials, decontamination, and the environmental risks associated with each decommissioning option. A holistic approach is needed to identify and quantify contaminants in subsea pipelines. In the early stages of decommissioning, planning, sampling, and laboratory testing are necessary to identify plastic coating types, degradation mechanisms, constituents released to the environment, types and mechanisms related to mercury/naturally occurring radioactive materials, and chemical stability. This paper aims to identify and present effective methods for addressing the impact of pipeline constituents on the Marine Environment Assessment while assessing potential decommissioning options and explains how tools can support decision-making. In summary, decommissioning subsea pipelines requires careful assessment and planning to ensure environmental and safety compliance. The paper provides a guide to understanding the process, highlighting the importance of quality assurance, risk assessment, and the selection of appropriate decommissioning options.
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Elshazly, Mostafa. "The decommissioning of oil and gas fields: Egyptian law and policy." Journal of World Energy Law & Business 12, no. 4 (May 3, 2019): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jwelb/jwz013.
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Abstract Legal issues around the decommissioning of oil and gas fields have generally been given insufficient attention by energy lawyers in most jurisdictions worldwide. Oil and gas lawyers, and other stakeholders in Egypt, face the same challenge. This article discusses the topic of the decommissioning of oil and gas fields in the context of the legal aspects and the regulatory framework for decommissioning in Egypt, demonstrating the main challenges relating to the legal framework for decommissioning arrangements in the country. At the heart of the legal challenges associated with the decommissioning of oil and gas fields in Egypt lies the most important question: who should pay the associated costs, and when? This article also presents some recommendations to enhance the current regulatory framework for the decommissioning of oil and gas fields in Egypt, to maintain the balance of interests between international oil companies and national oil companies active in Egypt.
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Holland, Ben. "DECOMMISSIONING IN THE UNITED KINGDOM CONTINENTAL SHELF: DECOMMISSIONING SECURITY DISPUTES." Denning Law Journal 28 (November 15, 2016): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/dlj.v28i0.1275.
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This article focuses on whether the decrease in the oil price will result in insufficient security to cover escalating offshore decommissioning liabilities. The annual decommissioning security process requires the calculation of an amount of security in anticipation of decommissioning. This process takes place under decommissioning security agreements, whose aim is to provide mutual protection in case one party falls into financial difficulty. The funds are held in a trust until the decommissioning is completed. This article notes that disputes have begun to arise as to whether sufficient security has already been - or ought to now be - placed in trust. This article also considers the preferred dispute resolution mechanism for such disputes, namely expert determination.
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Norman, Francis G. "Building collaborative capacity to address Australia’s growing decommissioning needs." APPEA Journal 62, no. 2 (May 13, 2022): S334—S336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj21145.
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Australia and indeed the Asia-Pacific region is facing a significant decommissioning workload. Recent work by the Centre of Decommissioning Australia (CODA) puts Australia’s potential offshore decommissioning cost at around US$40 billion and Wood Mackenzie predicting the region’s decommissioning to be in excess of US$100 billion. CODA was established in 2021 to support the coordinated effort required across the entire Australian value chain to address this immense domestic workload safely and effectively. Building on the release of the 2021 liability report, CODA, in conjunction with a number of operators, has undertaken three additional studies, looking at: planning and execution global best practice applicable to Australian operations; a decommissioning technology roadmap, and; a recycling and disposal pathways report. Supported by these studies to understand the current state and needs of the Australian decommissioning industry, CODA’s primary focus is to build domestic capacity and capability. To this end CODA is working with operators, the service and supply sector, state and federal government, regulators and researchers to establish a collaborative network that can enhance the visibility of upcoming work, surface and support the growth of domestic capability and share best practice in decommissioning. This paper highlights findings from the new reports and shares insights into CODA’s ongoing work to build an inclusive Australian decommissioning community of practice ready to undertake the next decades of activity.
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Paim, Maria-Augusta, and Chung-Han Yang. "Nuclear decommissioning in Brazil and China: regulatory development, incompleteness and future synergy." Journal of World Energy Law & Business 11, no. 3 (April 24, 2018): 220–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jwelb/jwy010.
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Abstract The law and regulation of nuclear infrastructure decommissioning is developing worldwide. At the international level, safety standards for the decommissioning process were established under the auspices of the International Atomic Energy Agency, which also encourages international co-operation and gives expert advice for Member States’ projects. Advanced jurisdictions such as the UK, US and Japan have made substantial progress in the elaboration of national legislation covering issues related to the risks for safety and the environment. This article aims at assessing the Brazilian and Chinese efforts, achievements and challenges in the establishment of national decommissioning legal regimes using the analytical lenses developed by probing into the strengths exhibited by selected advanced jurisdictions’ decommissioning regulations and experiences, in namely the UK, USA and Japan. As a result, the structural perspective developed enables the assessment of the effectiveness of the decommissioning framework of jurisdictions at an earlier stage. Brazil and China have just started to build their national decommissioning nuclear power plant regimes. Besides sharing a common nuclear power plant decommissioning regulatory momentum, both countries’ asymmetric capacities in the technology sector can be reciprocally combined to create a mutually beneficial relationship.
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Aston, Andy. "On a mission to decommission?" APPEA Journal 62, no. 2 (May 13, 2022): S222—S225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj21199.
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E&P operators with ageing assets are making informed investment decisions around financial commitments for later-life asset management through to full decommissioning and abandonment in a safe, environmentally sound and cost-effective way. Factors affecting decommissioning decisions include: Oil price, New technology, Regulatory requirements, Supply chain and contracting options. Operators are optimising the execution of decommissioning projects and consistently looking to improve efficiencies through decommissioning strategies, technologies and approaches. At the same time, a new focus on programmatic approaches, and the use of data are becoming more prevalent to eliminate waste and create cost saving opportunities. This paper provides: an overview on the decisions that need to be taken when commencing decommissioning activities; a review of the various models and strategies for decommissioning and abandonment; discussion on how traditional project approaches may not be appropriate in light of environmental and sustainability targets; and consideration of contracting options. The paper will appeal to E&P operators, major contractors and service providers.
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Vlasov, D. N., D. N. Zamaskin, O. O. Kaminsky, A. V. Kamorny, A. V. Lukashin, and A. I. Sobolev. "Decommissioning Radioactive Waste Storage Facilities of FSUE RosRAO’s Murmansk Department Branch in the North-Western Territorial District." Radioactive Waste 11, no. 2 (2020): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.25283/2587-9707-2020-2-17-24.
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The article discusses one of today’s challenges, namely, the decommissioning of nuclear power facilities. It summarizes the experience in the decommissioning of radioactive waste storage facilities belonging to RosRAO’s Murmansk department branch of the Northwest Territorial District providing detailed overview of pre-decommissioning activities, as well as the decommissioning operations themselves, relevant technology and technical equipment applied. Pre-decommissioning stage involved large-scale efforts (2011—2015) on accumulated RW identifi cation and its inventory taking, as well as a comprehensive engineering radiation survey. Decommissioning projects have been developed and approved, a state environmental examination has been carried out with a Sanitary and Epidemiological Statement on compliance with state sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations issued by FMBA of Russia. The paper presents the practice of constructing some engineering structures to provide additional safety and security of RW storage facilities during their dismantlement. Particular attention was paid to the problems associated with the use of special equipment.
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Bärenbold, Rebekka, Muhammad Maladoh Bah, Rebecca Lordan-Perret, Björn Steigerwald, Christian von Hirschhausen, Ben Wealer, Hannes Weigt, and Alexander Wimmers. "Cross-country survey on the decommissioning of commercial nuclear reactors: status, insights, and knowledge gaps." Safety of Nuclear Waste Disposal 2 (September 6, 2023): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sand-2-3-2023.
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Abstract. In the past, nuclear decommissioning has often been overlooked in the literature but will gain increasing relevance amongst researchers and industry alike as more and more nuclear power plants reach the end of their respective operational lifetimes (Laraia, 2018; Schneider et al., 2022). Existing research has up until recently focused mostly on technical challenges and liability issues of nuclear decommissioning, while analyses of the organization, regulation, and financing across various countries remain limited. In this cross-country survey paper, we compare the differing approaches for nuclear decommissioning organization in France, Germany, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom (UK), and the United States based on detailed country reports (Wimmers et al., 2023). We find that while, in theory, the countries follow the same standards, the implementation of responsibilities for nuclear decommissioning, financial liability, and oversight can differ quite significantly. For example, France is the only country in our survey to have implemented a centralized ownership of its nuclear reactor fleet, while all other countries have multiple operators that necessitate a different regulatory approach. In terms of financing, we observe that most countries follow a single approach, while Germany and the UK have different financing schemes depending on the nuclear reactors to be decommissioned (e.g., the former GDR reactors in East Germany and the UK's non-PWR (pressurized water reactor) legacy fleet). Based on our analysis, we derive several insights that merit further research on the topic of nuclear decommissioning. For example, the interlinkage between ownership and nuclear decommissioning production should be of particular interest, as we determine potential organizational models (following the system approach coined by Beckers et al., 2012) emerging through corporate actors aiming at the monetization of swift decommissioning – a trend that cannot be observed where the state is in full control. We further find that only limited information on decommissioning costs exists. Reducing knowledge gaps in this regard would help further understand and potentially identify potential challenges in nuclear decommissioning in advance before more nuclear reactors are shut down. Further insight into nuclear decommissioning fund adequacy and liability issues might be required to avoid the transfer of financial liabilities from private operators to taxpayers. Other research gaps include an analysis of market-based decommissioning approaches and possible supply chain bottlenecks and the subsequent investigation of efficiency through economies of scale, the limitation of nuclear decommissioning production from limited access to nuclear waste management facilities, and the influence of regulation, e.g., the number of overseeing regulators, on the production. The paper is based on a joint DFG project between TU Berlin and the University of Basel, entitled “Best practices for decommissioning nuclear power plants”.
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Goh, Pauline, Mark Bourne, and Derrick O’Keeffe. "Cradle to grave: planning for all well decommissioning." APPEA Journal 62, no. 2 (May 13, 2022): S264—S267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj21210.
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As the Australian offshore oil and gas sector continues to mature, there is an increasing level of activity in the final phase of the well lifecycle: well decommissioning (well abandonment). Several decommissioning projects are either already in progress or being planned in Australian waters. Since the 1960s, the eventual decommissioning of wells has been an expectation within the law. Whilst this fundamental obligation has not changed, the expectations for the management of offshore wells and equipment have changed for both the industry and regulators. In the meantime, the number of unused wells grew. In 2021, the National Offshore Petroleum Safety and Environmental Management Authority (NOPSEMA) published a Decommissioning Compliance Strategy and Decommissioning Compliance Plan. From this, all wells will have been risk assessed and have accepted abandonment plans in place by the end of 2023, and all wells will be permanently abandoned within 3 years of cessation of well operation by the end of 2025. The industry has an immediate challenge catching up on the backlog of abandoning wells, some of which have been in an unused state for decades. Going forward, well abandonment should be actively considered throughout the well lifecycle, including design, construction and operation phases. This will enable decommissioning objectives to be achieved in a safe, timely and efficient manner. This paper will provide an overview of recent domestic and international developments related to well decommissioning, from a regulatory perspective, and the importance of proactive well decommissioning planning and collaboration.
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Wei, Xin, and Jin Zhou. "Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis for Sustainable Oil and Gas Infrastructure Decommissioning: A Systematic Review of Criteria Involved in the Process." Sustainability 16, no. 16 (August 22, 2024): 7205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16167205.
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The decommissioning of oil and gas (O&G, hereafter) facilities presents complex challenges when addressing the diverse needs of stakeholders. By synthesizing information from previous Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA, hereafter) studies on decommissioning projects, this study aims to do the following: (a) formulate a structured set of criteria adaptable to MCDA for both offshore and onshore O&G decommissioning, (b) identify and analyze the evolving trends and regional disparities in MCDA for decommissioning, and (c) explore current O&G onshore decommissioning procedures and map specific criteria to these processes. Following a systematic literature review approach, this study analyzed 63 references across four stages from 2006 to 2024 and identified 158 criteria. These criteria were consolidated into a framework of 22 factors across dimensions comprising technical, environmental, societal, financial, health and safety considerations, and additional concerns from stakeholders. This study observed a significant focus shift from technical aspects to environmental considerations in decommissioning practices from 2011 onwards, reflecting growing awareness of sustainability. It also revealed regional differences, such as the technical emphasis in the North Sea and environmental concerns in Australia. Furthermore, this study refined O&G onshore decommissioning procedures and identified criteria gaps for further research, particularly in societal impact regarding public resource availability, recreational opportunities, and operating company reputation. The study provides a robust foundation for the development of future MCDA frameworks tailored to O&G infrastructure decommissioning projects, thus supporting long-term environmental and social sustainability.
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Wimmers, Alexander, and Christian von Hirschhausen. "Lessons for the organization of nuclear decommissioning from the UK and the US: risks, challenges, and opportunities." Safety of Nuclear Waste Disposal 2 (September 6, 2023): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sand-2-7-2023.
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Abstract. With more and more nuclear power plants (NPPs) reaching the end of their operational lifetimes, nuclear decommissioning is set to become a challenge of increasing significance for the nuclear industry and regulators alike (Laraia, 2018). Until today, only a handful of commercial NPPs have been fully decommissioned, while most decommissioning projects last several years to decades (Schneider et al., 2022). While technical expertise is being steadily increased as more and more projects enter the decommissioning phase, literature on the organization of nuclear decommissioning is limited. Previous research highlights the necessity of further insight into the various organizational models that have been implemented in different countries such as Germany, the UK, and the US, amongst others (Wimmers et al., 2023). In the present paper, we highlight the discrepancies between two market-based organizational models in the UK and the US. First, we investigate the implementation and failure of the UK's “parent body organization” model and the subsequent return to state-run decommissioning of the legacy fleet. By further analyzing the market-based approach in the US, especially focusing on emerging decommissioning specialists, we derive risks, challenges, and opportunities of market-based and state-run decommissioning approaches. Most notably, we find that market-based approaches carry the risk of information asymmetry and high transaction costs, although this strongly depends on the implementation (Williamson, 1975; Beckers et al., 2012). One major challenge is to secure financial liability from nuclear operators (Lordan-Perret et al., 2021). This issue is also complex regarding state-run decommissioning, but in that case the financial burden will ultimately lie with taxpayers. But market-based approaches, when compared to state-run organization, might bring advantages through economies of scale and learning effects that could lead to safer, faster, and more cost-efficient decommissioning of NPPs, unless supply chain bottle necks occur, although no evidence of this could be identified. Given the rising significance of nuclear decommissioning in the future, policy makers must focus their attention on implementing regulation that allows for efficient decommissioning, which, as our paper shows, depends on country-specific organization of industry, regulation, and governance.
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Denney, Dennis. "Subsea-Well Decommissioning." Journal of Petroleum Technology 50, no. 04 (April 1, 1998): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0498-0066-jpt.
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Denney, Dennis. "Decommissioning Technology Challenges." Journal of Petroleum Technology 51, no. 04 (April 1, 1999): 56–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0499-0056-jpt.
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Bybee, Karen. "Frigg Decommissioning: HSE." Journal of Petroleum Technology 63, no. 08 (August 1, 2011): 90–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0811-0090-jpt.
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Warnecke, E. "Decommissioning strategy selection." Kerntechnik 70, no. 1-2 (February 2005): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/124.100222.
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Coleman, Philip, Tom French, Dermot Healy, Dennis O'Driscoll, and Matthew Sweeney. "Decommissioning the Blurb." Irish Review (1986-), no. 30 (2003): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/29736119.
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Hix, Gary L. "Decommissioning Monitoring Wells." Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation 10, no. 2 (May 1990): 63–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1990.tb00335.x.
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Yokota, Mitsuo. "Nuclear Reactor Decommissioning." Journal of the Robotics Society of Japan 13, no. 4 (1995): 474–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.7210/jrsj.13.474.
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HOSHI, Tsutao, and Mitsugu TANAKA. "JPDR decommissioning program." Journal of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan / Atomic Energy Society of Japan 29, no. 7 (1987): 584–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3327/jaesj.29.584.
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Miltenberger, Robert P. "Decommissioning Health Physics,." Health Physics 84, no. 1 (January 2003): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004032-200301000-00012.
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Hicks, D. I., B. D. Crittenden, and A. C. Warhurst. "Design for Decommissioning." Process Safety and Environmental Protection 78, no. 6 (November 2000): 465–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1205/095758200531014.
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Wilson, K. A. "JET decommissioning project." Nuclear Energy 41, no. 6 (December 2002): 383–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/nuen.41.6.383.38992.
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Mitenkov, F. M., E. I. Aksenov, V. N. Vavilkin, and N. G. Sandler. "Decommissioning atomic submarines." Atomic Energy 82, no. 2 (February 1997): 145–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02413466.
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Anderson, J. M. "Decommissioning Pipelines and Subsea Equipment: Legislative Issues and Decommissioning Processes." Underwater Technology 25, no. 2 (July 1, 2002): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3723/175605402783219154.
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Park, Kwangheon, Seunghyun Son, Jinhyuk Oh, and Sunkuk Kim. "Sustainable Decommissioning Strategies for Nuclear Power Plants: A Systematic Literature Review." Sustainability 14, no. 10 (May 13, 2022): 5947. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14105947.
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The decommissioning of nuclear power plants (NPPs) is rapidly increasing because NPPs are not only no longer profitable in many cases but are also being decommissioned due to a lack of public acceptance or political reasons in many countries, particularly in Europe, following the explosion of the Fukushima Daiichi NPP. Accordingly, a significant body of research has focused on achieving safe, environmentally sound, and sustainable decommissioning in many countries where there is demand for NPP decommissioning. In order to achieve sustainable decommissioning that restores the NPP site to its pre-NPP environmental state, it is necessary to understand the safety, technology, and cost aspects as well as having the process and strategy to systematically promote them. Although there are a limited number of countries with experience and knowledge in the management of decommissioning multiple NPPs, researchers in countries just starting NPP decommissioning need diverse research information on how to formulate a sustainable decommissioning strategy as well as related factors. In particular, a systematic review of decommissioning strategies, such as DD, ID, and ET, and the influencing factors associated with each strategy is needed from the researcher’s point of view. In this regard, this study reviews the research literature on decommissioning strategies for nuclear power plants with a sustainable perspective. A systematic method involving a meta-analysis is used. The results of this study confirm that many researchers are most interested in DD and are dealing with ID and ET at the same level, but in reality, DD and ID are being adopted at similar rates. Thus far, only three ETs have been adopted in the United States. Most countries that have adopted ID are deemed to have been influenced by political decisions.