Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Décomposition spinodale'
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Bui, Thi Mai Anh. "Etude de la décomposition spinodale de cobaltite de fer sur couches minces." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30028/document.
Full textThis work aimed to study the effects of spinodal decomposition process on structural and microstructural evolution of cobaltite thin films whose composition is in the miscibility gap of CoFe2O4 - Co3O4 system. At the first time, thin films were elaborated by RF magnetron sputtering from a ceramic target with average composition of Co1.73Fe1.27O4. Deposits at high argon pressure or high RF power favor the formation of thin films containing an oxide phase associated with a spinel phase. The oxide phase obtained in these films is probably in part due to the reduction of the target surface owing to a strong bombardment, without excluding the presence of a physical phenomenon related to the thermalization of oxygen atoms. Deposition conditions were optimized at 0.5 Pa - 20 W. That allows a compromise between a small amount of oxide phase in the thin films and an acceptable deposition rate. Spinodal decomposition has been demonstrated on the thin films deposited in this condition and post-annealed at 600 ° C for various times. The characterizations by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and VSM magnetic measurements, have confirmed the gradual formation of a two-phase system made of a cobalt-rich phase and an iron-rich phase. However, the formation of periodic zones, corresponding to these two phases, was not observed on the decomposed thin films. These two phases exhibit in fact a very small difference in their structure. Finally, the studies on thin films annealed at lower temperatures (for example at 450 ° C) showed evolutions similar to those observed during treatment at 600 ° C. Spinodal transformation seems to be initiated by a migration of divalent cations into the tetrahedral sites and trivalent cations into octahedral sites. The spinel structure thus tends to turn into a normal structure, before the separation into two spinel phases, due to the spinodal transformation
Tabacaru, Gabriel. "Signature fossile d'une décomposition spinodale dans la multifragmentation de systèmes nucléaires très lourd." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007912.
Full textManzanarez, Hervé. "Modélisation et simulation numérique de la dynamique de séparation de phase d’une solution polymère dans le cadre de la formation de membranes poreuses." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT159.
Full textThe thesis aimed at modeling and simulating the phase separation dynamics of a polymeric system (polymer/solvent or polymer/solvent/non-solvent) for better understanding and controlling the formation mechanisms of porous polymeric membranes. The equation of Cahn and Hilliard (1956)[1] was used and coupled to a hydrodynamic model (H model in the classification of Hohenberg et Halperin (1977)[2]) to simulate the phase inversion in closed system.In a first stage, hydrodynamics was not coupled to Cahn-Hilliard equation and the work focused on the mobility term in the Cahn-Hilliard equation and its influence on the phase separation dynamics (pattern evolution, growth law of the characteristic structures). The patterns were analyzed by Fourier transform and an original analysis was also performed using the Minkowski descriptors.In a second part of the thesis, we coupled the Cahn-Hilliard equations with Navier-Stokes equations and the influence of this coupling on the membrane formation dynamics was investigated.Then, in order to simulate the membrane formation in a context closer to reality, transfer phenomena were simulated at the upper interface of the domain to describe solvent evaporation during demixing process.Finally, the simulations were extended to ternary systems (polymer/solvent/non-solvent) systems since most of industrial polymer membranes involve are prepared from ternary system, with NIPS process (Non-solvent Induced Phase Separation) or dry casting process (differential evaporation between solvent and non-solvent)
Hugues, Jonathan. "Vieillissement thermomécanique d'un acier inoxydable martensitique à durcissement structural." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INPT0068/document.
Full textPrecipitation hardened martensitic stainless steels are constitutive of aircraft pylons. During there lifetime , these parts are subjected to mechanical loading and work in temperature. This last induces embrittlement of the steels, because of the miscibility gap in the Fe-Cr phase diagram. Two mechanisms are possible to lead to the demixing of the matrix, either precipitation of α', a chromium rich phase, or spinodal decomposition mechanism. This phenomena is the topic of the project PREVISIA, funded by the ANR, this work is part of. Long term agings have been performed on 15 5 PH stainless steel up to 15 000 hours in order to study the aging kinetic and its effect on the mechanical properties in tensile, resilience and toughness. An embrittlement of the alloy is observed. Furthermore, microstructural analyses have been conducted and lead to the definition of different stages of long term aging corresponding to spinodal decomposition and complementary precipitation of hardening phase. Hardness tests is a usefull tool in order to follow the aging and to detect the different stages of aging. The effect of a stress applied during the long term aging has been studied. A tensile stress seems to have an influence on the complementary precipitation of the hardening phase and to increase the rate of hardening. A multi-scale analysise is proposed in order to explain all these results
GUIOT, Benoit. "Etude exclusive des collisions centrales Ni+Ni et Ni+Au: coexistence de phase et décomposition spinodale." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003753.
Full textGuiot, Benoît. "Etude exclusive des collisions centrales Ni+Ni et Ni+Au : coexistence de phase et décomposition spinodale." Caen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CAEN2053.
Full textColignon, Yann. "Etude par sonde atomique tomographique de la décomposition spinodale dans le système Fe-Cr en couches minces." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4359.
Full textDecomposition kinetics due to the presence of a miscibility gap in the Fe-Cr system are generally studied in Fe-Cr bulk alloys for which the decomposition occurs in three dimensions. We studied the spinodal decomposition kinetics in Fe-Cr thins films. These thin films have a Cr composition oscillation whose wave vector is perpendicular to the sample surface. The decomposition of the alloy lead an increase of the oscillation amplitude during annealing and thus generate a decomposition in a single dimension. Samples having different oscillation wavelengths have been designed. Annealing treatments at 500°C of these samples were analyzed by atom probe tomography. These results were then compared to AKMC and mean field simulations. Annealing treatments at 500°C of a sample having a composition oscillation with a 22nm wavelength showed an unexpected decrease in oscillation amplitude. Annealing treatments at 500°C of a sample having a composition oscillation with a 6nm wavelength showed several behavior of the composition oscillation. Indeed, the oscillation amplifies by places while damps or changes very little in other places. The presence of O and grain boundaries in thin films may explain these different behaviors
Le, Trong Hoa. "Poudres fines et couches minces de cobaltites de fer de type spinelle : élaboration, caractérisation et étude de la décomposition spinodale." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/783/.
Full textOur work concerns the development of mixed iron-cobalt oxide thin films with the spinel structure and the characterization of their structure, microstructure, magnetic and electrical properties. We studied these materials specifically because they can display spinodal decomposition that leads to the formation of self-organized nanocomposites which could find applications in several technological areas. Fine powders of iron cobaltite have been prepared by 'chimie douce'. We have determined the cation distribution of cobalt and iron in the monophased oxides which have been thermally annealed at 900°C. We particularly studied in detail the compound Co1. 73Fe1. 27O4, which is located in the miscibility gap of the Fe3O4-Co3O4 phase diagram in order to understand the spinodal transformation. Structural analysis and magnetic measurement proved that transition of the material occurs after annealing at 700°C. RF-magnetron sputtering from an iron cobaltite target resulted in thin films which are more reduced (i. E. Contains more monoxide phase) the higher the deposition pressure used. Nanocomposites made of iron cobaltite and monoxide has promoted strong magnetic coupling in the films. For samples which have been deposited at low pressure and hence contain a very low concentration of monoxide, Raman spectroscopy, magnetic and electrical measurements confirmed that spinodal decomposition took place after annealing in air at 450°C
Boyer, Franck. "Ecoulements diphasiques de type Cahn-Hilliard." Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR10509.
Full textTestard, Vincent. "Etude par simulations numériques de l'influence de la transition vitreuse sur la séparation de phase liquide-gaz." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20014/document.
Full textWe realize a numerical study of spinodal decomposition under glass transition. We study the influence of glass transition on liquid-gaz phase separation. Our motivation was to explain a gel formation mecanisim of colloidal systems with short range interaction (colloid/non-adsorbing polymer system) shown in recent experiments. Their authors suggested a mecanisim taht we corroborate in this thesis. Our results confirm that gel structure is shaped by spinodal decomposition, and then glass transition slow dynamics until system get pinned in a bicontinuous structure in one hand, and avoid complete liquid-gas separation in other hand. A complete study (phase diagram, structure, length distributions, density distributions, typical lengths, cluster size, evolution mecanisim) of those systems is done in function of time, temperature and density
Dinh, Thi Mong Cam. "Influence des conditions d'élaboration sur les transformations de phases dans les couches minces de cobaltites de fer à structure spinelle." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30090.
Full textThin spinel films of Co1.7Fe1.3O4 iron cobaltites, whose composition is in the miscibility gap of the CoFe2O4-Co3O4 phase diagram, were prepared by RF sputtering near room temperature. The films obtained, whose thicknesses were fixed at 300 nm, consist of crystallites with a mean diameter close to 20 nm. The treatment of these samples at 600 °C for several hours leads to the formation of two spinel phases, in agreement with the phase diagram. This transformation was clearly established, both by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. In "bulk" iron cobaltites of close or same compositions, such a transformation is of spinodal type and is characterized by a pseudo-periodic organization of rich iron and cobalt-rich spinel phases on a scale of a few tens of nanometers. In order to highlight this organization in the thin films, microscopy studies were carried out. A specific preparation process was even developed in order to cut in-plane thin sections, by the focused ion beam (FIB) technique. Crystallites can thus be observed and studied individually. The analyzes revealed, however, and in the best case (i.e. for the largest crystallites), the presence of only two zones of different compositions. The expected pseudo-periodic alternation could never be observed. It seems that the nanometric size of the crystallites, prevents the spinodal transformation which was highlighted in the "bulk" samples. The observation of local chemical anomalies in grain boundaries corroborates this hypothesis, which suggests a "nano" effect on phase transformation. For the present work, it was furthermore found that in addition to the temperature and the annealing time, the sputtering conditions also have a significant impact on the formation and decomposition of the phases in the thin films. Although this study did not find the deposition conditions that lead directly to the formation of two spinel phases after sputtering, it shows however that certain conditions shorten the annealing times while lowering the temperatures required to perform the targeted transformation. For the first time, iron cobaltite thin films were subjected to laser beam treatments to induce phase transformations within them. It was shown that the formation of two spinels from a single-phase film can be achieved in very short times and at low laser power, probably because of a rapid and high rise of local temperature, due to the absorption of the laser beam. The numerous parameters offered by the photolithography machine used (power, scanning speed, scanning increment, focusing, etc.) could not be exhaustively explored during this study. The latter should therefore be considered only as a preliminary work. The results, however, are promising and seem to bring out a new treatment route, allowing simple phase transformations in iron cobaltites
Bouchara, Anne. "Texturation d'oxyde de cérium." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066030.
Full textBalois, Thibaut. "Modélisation de croissance de tumeurs : cas particulier des mélanomes." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEE033/document.
Full textMelanoma is a cancer whose mortality grows rapidly with time. In order to insure an early diagnosis, advertising campaigns have emphasized the importance of morphological criteria in order to distinguish moles from melanoma. But, the origins of those criteria are still poorly understood. Our goal is to understand the link between genetic modifications and melanoma patterns using physical tools. As melanoma is easily observable and thin, this makes it an ideal system. This work begins by recalling the physiological aspect of skin cancer. Healthy skin is thoroughly described, then cancerous lesions are depictesd, and melanoma genetic pathways are briefly discussed. Then, continuous mathematical models of cancer are reviewed. We show how mixture theory is used to put cancer into equations. Then, this framework is simplified in a two phases 2D model.Those equations are analysed. The spatial study shows the possibility of a phase separation process: the spinodal decomposition. And, the time study shows thet this model contains the ingredients necessary to describe several melanoma types seen in vivo.Focussing finally on the third dimension. Melanoma evolving on a wavy epidermis (hands and feet skin) are studied. We explain how melanoma patterns should follow the skin ridges (fingerprints)
Herny, Emilie. "Caractérisation mécanique et étude des mécanismes de vieillissement thermique et thermomécanique de l'acier inoxydable martensitique 15-5PH, soudé par faisceau d'électrons." Toulouse, INPT, 2006. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00001914/01/herny.pdf.
Full textIn aircraft industry, 15-5PH precipitation hardening martensitic stainless steel is used to manufacture structural parts susceptible to thermal and thermomechanical ageing in service. The objective to the study is to characterize the mechanical properties of the electron beam welded steel after ageing. The microstructural investigations of the aged alloy allow to identify the mechanisms responsible for the degradation of the mechanical properties. The spinodal decomposition of the martensite is at the origin of the embrittlement. Ageing tests under applied stress tests have been performed to evaluate the effect of stress on the ageing kinetics and to identify the microstructural mechanisms involved. Finally, the level of understanding reached at the end of the study, allows to suggest corrective actions to avoid the detrimental effect of ageing
Danoix, Frédéric. "Phénomènes de décomposition de la ferrite des aciers austénoferritiques : une étude par microscopie ionique et microanalyse à la sonde atomique." Rouen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ROUES011.
Full textDahlström, Alexander. "Influence d'une contrainte mécanique sur le vieillissement d'alliages Fe-Cr." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR039/document.
Full textStainless steel is an important alloy for the technical development of a modern society, they were discovered in the early 20th century. However, their base alloying system, Fe-Cr, is affected by a low temperature (<600°C) miscibility gap present in the phase diagram. Alloys with a miscibility gap in their phase diagram tend to decompose. This phenomenon is also known as the “475°C embrittlement”, it is of technical importance as decomposition alters the mechanical properties of these alloys, in this specific case, by loss of ductility and impact toughness. The tendency to decompose increases with decreasing temperature, restricting the upper service temperature to around 300°C and limiting the service lifetime of these alloys. Because embrittlement can cause sudden failure of these alloys, this phenomenon is detrimental to their use as structural components in transportation and energy industry. The decomposition of Fe-Cr alloys poses a challenge for traditional characterisation techniques, as composition variations occur at the nanoscale. Therefore, the state-of-the-art atom probe tomography have been utilised to study these composition variations at the atomic scale in 3D. Correlative atomistic modelling has been used to further enhance the understanding of the decomposition process in these alloys, this model was based on atomic density function theory. To emulate enhanced decomposition of the material, caused by temperature and/or an external load, decomposition in this work is stimulated by a higher than the normal service temperature. Hence, a need to know the exact limit of the miscibility gap. Thus, a need to evaluate the upper-temperature limit of this decomposition in the Fe-Cr system arose from inconclusive results in the literature. Hence, a high precision furnace in combination with atom probe was utilised to study decomposition and clustering in the Fe-Cr system more accurately than ever before. Furthermore, to explore in detail the location of the limit of the miscibility gap. The decomposition of these alloys during ageing alter the mechanical properties. Thus, due to their use as structural components, the decomposition behaviour during ageing was investigated, as well as ageing during external load. This last situation is also encountered in real applications during service, mimicked by stress-ageing using a simple tensile force. In order to in detail investigate the effect of the external stress, grain orientation with respect to the tensile direction was considered during simple thermal ageing, and during the constantly applied tensile force. Thus, crystallographic orientation and load levels were considered for their effect on the decomposition process
Couturier, Laurent. "Caractérisation des évolutions microstructurales de l'acier inoxydable martensitique à durcissement structural 15-5PH au cours du vieillissement thermique." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENI045/document.
Full textThe precipitation hardened martensitic stainless steel grade 15-5PH is used in the airplane industryas constitutive material of parts joining reactors to wings. Due to its application it is subjected totemperatures around 300°C leading to its embrittlement. Stainless steels embrittlement in thistemperature range is due to iron-chromium unmixing by spinodal decomposition. In addition, the 15-5PH grade has a complex microstructure comprising copper precipitates responsible for the initialhardening of the alloy, reversed austenite, known in this kind of steels to improve the toughness,which appears during the precipitation thermal treatment and G phase that precipitates duringaging. The evolutions of these microstructure components could also lead to some modifications ofthe material mechanical properties. In order to study the microstructure evolutions we use acombination of characterization techniques aiming at their most complete description. We show thatthe mechanical properties evolution is controlled by the spinodal decomposition of the matrix whoseevolution we are able to depict by simple phenomenological laws. We propose an indirect methodfor the measurement of aging kinetics of the 15-5PH steel, which we have correlated to directmeasurements, and a phenomenological law allowing the prediction of the alloy hardness based onits thermal history
Renaux, Jeoffrey. "Ιnfluence de l'austénite et des impuretés sur le vieillissement thermique de la ferrite des aciers inοxydables austénο-ferritiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMR026.
Full textAusteno-ferritic steels used in the design of various cast components (valves, pump bodies, etc.) in the primary circuit of second-generation nuclear power plants exhibit changes in their mechanical properties at service temperatures between 285°C and 325°C. These two-phase alloys, which combine ferrite and austenite, exhibit a microstructural hardening that occurs within the ferrite. This hardening is associated with two phase transformations, including, firstly, spinodal decomposition into an α phase rich in Fe and an α' phase rich in Cr, and secondly, the formation of a G phase rich in alloying elements Ni, Si, Mn, Mo. While austeno-ferritic steels containing Mo present a greater hardening than steels without Mo, the observation of a purely ferritic steel containing Mo, on the contrary, showed less hardening due to the absence of G phase precipitation. The aim of this study was to understand the influence of austenite on the aging of ferrite, which was the main hypothesis put forward to explain the reason for the lesser hardening of purely ferritic steel. To confront this hypothesis, the use of an electrochemical method allowed for the selective dissolution of austenite to obtain austenite-free ferrite, with the same composition, morphology, and thermo-mechanical history as the ferrite with austenite. The study by atom probe tomography of the microstructural evolution of these two ferrites, as well as that of a purely ferritic steel under aging conditions of 1,000 hours at 400°C, allowed for the investigation and understanding of the following points:- The results showed that the presence of austenite induces residual compressive stresses on the ferrite, which are not the cause of the enhanced aging of austeno-ferritic steels, as no significant difference in microstructure was observable between ferrites with and without austenite.- The characterization of the effect of the Cr/Ni composition gradient near the α/γ interfaces on the microstructural evolution of ferrite was conducted. The evolution of Cr and Ni concentrations towards the α/γ interfaces does not impact the spinodal decomposition but affects the formation of the G phase, with the main effect being a significant decrease in nanoparticle density towards the α/γ interfaces.- As residual stresses are not the cause of the difference in aging between purely ferritic and austeno-ferritic steels, the hypothesis of a chemical composition effect was considered. The results showed that the number density of G phase particles is strongly correlated with the impurity concentration in the ferrite. The absence of impurities in the ferritic alloy appears to explain the absence of G phase nanoparticles at the α/α’ interdomains and thus the lesser aging of the ferritic alloy
Emo, Jonathan. "Etude expérimentale et par simulation Monte Carlo des transformations de phase dans la ferrite des aciers austéno-ferritiques et de leurs alliages modèles." Rouen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ROUES054.
Full textDuplex stainless steels used in primary circuit of 2nd generation nuclear power plant endure thermal ageing at service temperatures (285°C-323°C). This leads to an increase of their hardness and to a decrease of their Charpy toughness. The evolution of these properties is due to the phase transformations which occur in ferrite. Even if it is well known that the steel composition plays a role on the mechanical properties evolution (steels with low Ni and Mo contents are less sensitive to thermal ageing), the origin of this difference of behaviour has not been clearly identified yet. In this study, the kinetics of the phase transformations in the ferrite of a duplex stainless steel with low Ni and Mo contents and duplex model alloys with specific compositions have been studied by atom probe tomography. This work showed that: i) G phase precipitation is less intense and the kinetic of the spinodal decomposition is slower for this steel than for steels with higher Ni and Mo contents, ii) the synergy between spinodal decomposition and G phase precipitation is also observed in this steel, iii) the Mo does not affect the early stages of the G phase precipitation, iv) the formation mechanism of G phase precipitates is at least a two steps mechanism, v) when the number density of G phase precipitates is low, hardening is mainly controlled by the amplitude and the mean wavelength of the spinodal decomposition, vi) when the number density of G phase precipitates is high, the hardening due to G phase precipitates may not be negligible. A kinetic Monte Carlo model has been developed to explain the synergy observed experimentally between the spinodal decomposition and the G phase precipitation. This model allowed us to show that the coarsening of G phase precipitates is driven by a diffusion mechanism along α/α’ interfaces, and not by a bulk diffusion mechanism
Badyka, Romain. "Influence des éléments d'alliage sur la cinétique de vieillissement de la ferrite d'aciers inoxydables austéno-ferritiques moulés." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR072/document.
Full textCast austenitic-ferritic stainless steels are used in primary circuit of 2nd generation nuclearpower plants. At operating temperature (285 °C - 325 °C), evolution of mechanical properties isobserved due to the phase transformations occurring within the ferrite: spinodal decomposition (SD)leading to the formation on a Fe rich phase (α) and a Cr rich phase (α ') and the precipitation of the G-phase at α/α' interfaces. This evolution of the mechanical properties can be prohibitive for thecomponents. If it is well known that the steel composition plays an important role on the evolution ofthe properties (steels less rich in Ni and Mo are less sensitive to aging), the role of solute elements asNi, Mo and Mn on the aging kinetics is not yet known so as the contribution of the G-phase on thehardening during the thermal aging. In this study, the aging kinetics of the ferrite of some austenitic-ferritic stainless steels with or without Mo and model alloys with tuned compositions have been studied by atom probe tomography (APT) and by micro hardness measurements. This works answered the three following questions: - Quantification of the contribution of both spinodal decomposition and G-phase precipitation on hardening of the ferrite: combination of hardening models and data obtained with APT permitted to show that G-phase precipitation is clearly the main contributor to ferrite hardness increase at early stage of ageing in Mo-bearing steels. This is due to the high number density of G-phase particles. In Mo-free steels which have ten times less G-phase particles, contributions of both spinodal decomposition and G-phase precipitation are similar. In both cases, when coarsening of G-phase particles occurs and SD is well developed, SD contribution becomes larger. - Influence of Ni, Mo and Mn on aging kinetics: The study of model alloys with tuned composition has shown that only Ni plays a role on SD by enhancing the decomposition. Mn is a key element for the precipitation of G-phase particles at α/α' interfaces. - Efficiency of regeneration heat treatment at 550 °C: an alternative to component replacement is to perform a heat treatment at higher temperature in order to restore the properties of the components. The heat treatments performed permitted to entirely restore the mechanical properties of Mo free steels and partially the properties of Mo bearing ones. This is due to the presence of undissolved G-phase particles in the case of Mo bearing alloys. In each case, SD was totally dissolved
Novy, Stéphane. "Mécanisme de vieillissement à très longue échéance des aciers inoxydables austénoferritiques." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00651373.
Full textVerchère, Alexandre. "Génération d’architectures nanométriques intra- et inter-granulaires dans des oxydes pour la conversion thermoélectrique de l’énergie." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1196.
Full textIn this manuscript, a multidisciplinary work, from the synthesis of metal precursors to the characterization of materials, is presented. The first concerns the development of Nb5+ doped TiO2 oxide powders and Nb5+ doped SnO2-TiO2 mixed oxides by a Sol-Gel approach. Their shaping into a pellet form by a modern flash sintering method (SPS) made it possible to study their physical, vibrational and thermoelectric properties. The second part of this study presents the development of new tin and tantalum precursors adapted to the DLI-MOCVD thin film deposition process. In order to meet the requirements of this process, molecular derivatives based on fluorinated or non-fluorinated beta-aminoalcohol ligand have been developed. The metal complexes were then fully characterized in solid state and in solution. The good thermal behaviour (stability and volatility) of some of these compounds has led to the development and characterization of thin layers of SnO2 and SnO2:F
Ben, Cheikh Larbi Fadhel. "Étude par émission de fluorescence et par diffusion des rayons X aux petits angles de la cinétique de séparation de phases dans les mélanges polystyrène-poly (vinylmethylether)." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112125.
Full textRoussel, Manuel. "Etude et modélisation de la précipitation de particules de silicium dans des couches de silice nanométriques." Phd thesis, Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ROUES043.
Full textRoussel, Manuel. "Etude et modélisation de la précipitation de particules de silicium dans des couches de silice nanométriques." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00782200.
Full textNovy, Stéphane. "Mécanismes de vieillissement à très longue échéance des aciers inoxydables austénoferritiques." Rouen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ROUES039.
Full textEmbrittlement study of duplex stainless steels is a very important in order to predict the lifetime of primary circuits of nuclear power plant. Ferrite steels aged over 20 years, on-site, in laboratory and at different temperatures was analyzed by tomographic probe atom to assess the trend of aging of these materials with very long times. A more prospective work was also carried out, the aim was to model the decomposition of ferrite from austenitic-ferritic steels. The simulation of the decomposition of these steels are very complex, we initiated preliminary work in modelling the Fe-Cr alloys, because the decomposition of Fe and Cr in these steels is the main cause of their fragility. To validate the parameters used in simulation, an experimental study of the decomposition of an alloy Fe-20% at. Cr aged at 500 ° C was performed. This experimental study has shown that a non-classical germination (NCG) is involved in this alloy. The performed simulations on the same alloy at the same temperature, did not reproduce the progressive enrichment of precipitated phase α' (characteristic of NCG). The study of steels, aged over 20 years, has confirmed that the steel aged in laboratory are representative to steel aged in site ( T <350 ° C). Moreover, it has been shown that the Gphase (intermetallic precipitation at the interface α/α' phases) does not influence the embrittlement of the ferrite and the difference of thermo-mechanical treatment is not determinant of the variance decomposition observed in these steels
Gastaud, René. "Mise au point d'un système de traitement d'images : application à l'étude des mélanges binaires critiques hors d'équilibre." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066345.
Full textCini, Emmanuel. "Contribution à l'étude de phénomènes de germination, de démixtion et de métastabilité morphologique." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0004.
Full textA thermodynamic approach of homogeneous nucleation in binary liquid alloys is presented. It postulates that concentration fluctuations in the liquid state can provide favoured sites for nucleation. This mechanism considers local chemical order fluctuations and structure fluctuations as separated events. A statistical analysis shows that the efficiency of the transformations of liquid fluctuations into solid nuclei increases with the amount of undercooling and reaches a maximum for a relative level of undercooling equal to 2/3. Spinodal decomposition is also considered. Particular emphasis is laid upon the topological aspects of phase separation, which provide evidence for a continuous transition from metastability to instability in the case of short range atomic interactions. Furthermore, a critical size for the mother phase appears, below which spinodal decomposition is thermodynamically impossible. This critical size, brought to the fore in the frame of the capillary formalism, becomes identical to that obtained by the continuous theories of phase transitions when physico-chemical constraints at the interface are relaxed. The stabilising effect of the mother phase size is also demonstrated for nucleation. Finally, grain refinement phenomena encountered in non equilibrium solidification processes are reviewed. In addition to a critical assessment of the main explanatory mechanisms, a new approach is proposed, which is based on the kinetic undercooling at the solidification front. At high supercooling levels, planar front stabilisation may be preceded by a transient unstable regime which could cause the solidification structure to be refined. Similar structures can also result when kinetic anisotropy interferes with surface tension anisotropy. Highly undercooled metallic samples processed in the 48 meter high Grenoble drop tube undergo a recrystallization phenomenon that is likely related to the existence of metastable phases. Besides, morphological instabilities are noticeable, which support the kinetic approach
Maetz, Jean-Yves. "Évolution de la microstructure d’un acier inoxydable lean duplex lors du vieillissement." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0008/document.
Full textLean duplex stainless steels are austeno-ferritic steels with lower nickel and molybdenum contents, developed in the late 90's. Considering mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and cost of raw material, this family is an interesting alternative to standard austenitic stainless steels, which currently represent two thirds of stainless steel production. However, lean duplex steels are relatively recent and their thermal stability has been relatively little studied, especially during long term aging. In this study, the microstructural evolution of a lean duplex steel 2101 was studied during isothermal aging at temperatures between 20 °C and 850 °C, from few minutes to several months. Aging kinetics were followed by thermoelectric power measurements (TEP), from which aged states were selected to be characterized by electron microscopy and atom probe tomography. At intermediate temperatures of 350 - 450 °C, Fe-Cr demixing and precipitation of Ni-Mn-Al-Si-Cu occur in the ferrite despite the low nickel content of this grade, leading to an increase in the TEP. For higher temperatures, at about 700 °C, the mechanisms which govern the different microstructural evolutions have been described by a multi-scale approach: the nucleation and growth of M23C6 and Cr2N, observed from few minutes of aging and the σ phase precipitation, observed for longer aging time. The latter is accompanied by a transformation of δ ferrite in γ2 secondary austenite, and by the partial transformation of austenite into martensite during cooling. The effect of different phases on the TEP of the lean duplex steel can be qualitatively described during aging by a rule of mixture
Zhang, Li. "The study of phase separation in the miscibility gap and ion specific effects on the aggregation of soft matter system." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS106/document.
Full textPhase separation process is important as it determines the structure of the final materials. There are many systems that have more than one phase such as foams and gels. Aqueous foams are dispersions of gas bubbles in a water phase and gels appear when some basic microscopic unit starts to aggregate forming a large solid network that spans macroscopic space. They have many applications in industry and daily life. In the present thesis, firstly, I focus on studying different types of phase separation. Secondly, I studied the ion specific effects on the aggregation of colloidal particles and surfactant, the purpose is to make stable foams. In the miscibility gap there are two types of phase separation: Nucleation growth and spinodal decomposition, they have different growth mechanisms and kinetics. Therefore, my first p project is to investigate the evolution process of them and their effects to the final structure of material. Gels can be made by adding salt to the dispersion of colloidal particles, they have a large number of applications such as in food and material science. In this dissertation, we use different types of salts to compare gel properties from both macroscopic and microscopic aspects. Obtaining stable foams is significant in the view of their plenty of applications, but the ways to make them are mostly complicated. In this thesis, we can obtain stable foams via two ways. One is simply by adding salts to surfactant solutions, through which we can make ultrastable foam. Another way is using the gel phase we have studied as the continuous phase in foams to arrest the foam aging