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1
McElroy, Stephen Arlo. "Urban primacy and deconcentrated development in Peru." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291588.
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Of the many aspects which influence Third World urban systems, the historical role of large metropolitan areas as the centers of political and economic power is particularly important. In this detailed study of the evolution and development of Peru's urban system, the complex interactions among social, economic, historical, and political forces will be demonstrated as they affect urban primacy. In spite of the considerable growth of secondary cities in Peru since 1940, Lima remains the dominant city in the urban hierarchy of Peru. Nevertheless, the data presented here indicates that urban primacy in Peru peaked in 1961 and has declined since then. Although it still exists, the pattern of primacy in Peru is currently less conspicuous than in previous years. The growth of population and the expansion of economic activities in coastal cities have been particularly important in building a more balanced urban system in Peru.
2
BENMAGHNIA, NESSRDINE. "La notion de deconcentration en droit administratif francais." Toulouse 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU10048.
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Face a la "prestigieuse" decentralisation, paree de toutes vertus et apparaissant comme la reforme-symbole de modernisation de la gestion publique ou encore comme le remede au dysfonctionnement de la democratie representative par la garantie d'un equilibre entre l'autorite publique et la defense des libertes individuelles, la deconcentration fait figure de parent pauvre dans la mesure ou il n'existe aucune veritable doctrine d'emploi de la deconcentration et ce, malgre l'existence d'une forte solidarite entre ces deux notions qui, bien que distinctes operent en couple pour le meme service de l'interet public. Cependant, aujourd'hui en raison d'une situation economique et sociale tres preoccupante (sentiment d'insecurite, chomage galopant, desertification rurale, urbanisation desordonnee. . . ), l'administration francaise n'a peutetre jamais ete autant tournee vers le local et la deconcentration, meme si elle n'est pas vraiment connue de l'opinion, fait partie de ce vaste mouvement en devenant un element essentiel et autonome. La loi du 6 fevrier 1992, en l'occurrence, l'affirme en posant le principe comme l'outil de la reforme de l'etat. Elle preconise, en effet, la reorganisation de l'administration centrale afin de lui permettre d'assurer sa fonction de conception strategique, de controle et d'expertise, et la revitalisation de l'administration deconcentree dans une optique d'interministerialite. Y parviendra-t-elle? la charte de deconcentration, par sa seule existence, engage a repondre positivement mais la reforme, elle, ne peut reussir que si le pouvoir politique d'une part, la technostructure d'etat d'autre part, accomplissent, chacun en ce qui les concerne une evolution voire une revolutionBeside the far more prestigious notion of decentralisation, to which every virtue is attributed and which is perceived as a flagship reform symbolising the modernisation of public administration, or again as the cureall for every malfunction of representative democracy, through the balance it should achieve between public authority and the protection of individual liberties, devolution cuts a lowly figure in the sense that there is no true doctrine as to the use to be made of it - despite the firm solidarity linking the two concepts, which, though distinct, work together to fulfil the same functions in the public interest. Nevertheless, due to the current highly preoccupying economic and social context (the feeling of insecurity, runaway unemployment, rural depopulation, badly organised town planning, etc. ), the french authorities are turning perhaps more than ever to local administration, in which devolution, though little known as a concept to the public, is playing a more and more essential and autonomous part in the overall process. The law of the 6th february 1992 in effect confirms this, by establishing the principle of devolution as a tool in the reforms undertaken by the government. This law advocates the reorganisation of the central authorities to enable them to fulfil their function in terms of strategic planning, supervision and expert appraisal, and to revitalise devolved authority with the ultimate aim of achieving interministerial administration. The question is whether this can be accomplished. The devolution charter, through its very existence, indicates that the answer must be positive, but the reform itself can only succeed if the political powers on the one hand and the technostructure of the government on the other hand are able to bring about possibly radical change within - their own scope of activity
3
Nolan, Amy Upton. "Decentralization, democratization, deconcentration--a theoretical perspective with emphasis on the African experience." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76407.
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UTOMO, Tri Widodo W. "Balancing decentralization and deconcentration: emerging need for asymmetric decentralization in the unitary states." 名古屋大学大学院国際開発研究科, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/14059.
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Vanderford, Carrie Ann. "Realities and perceptions : HOPE VI poverty deconcentration and implications for broader neighborhood revitalization." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37662.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (p. 138-140).
HOPE VI was developed in 1992 as program to demolish and revitalize the nation's most severely distressed public housing. One element of the HOPE VI program is to move low-income households out of an environment of concentrated poverty and replace distressed public housing with a development that includes a variety of incomes, where the number and density of households in poverty is decreased. This policy of "poverty deconcentration" is now accepted and practiced by housing authorities as part of a greater prescription for neighborhood revitalization. However, there is little evidence to prove the merits of HOPE VI poverty deconcentration as a catalyst in neighborhood revitalization. The focus of this thesis is to further define the link between policies of poverty deconcentration and neighborhood revitalization while offering insight about the expected long-term benefit of this policy for future HOPE VI planning. The two housing authorities responsible for developing Mandela Gateway in Oakland, California and Posadas Sentinel in Tucson, Arizona aimed to achieve the HOPE VI mandate of poverty deconcentration through two strategies. For this thesis, these strategies are categorized as development-based poverty dilution and neighborhood-based poverty dispersal, respectively.
(cont.) This thesis relies upon interviews with key informants, document review, and some analysis of land use patterns in neighborhoods surrounding HOPE VI developments to investigate causality between two methods of HOPE VI poverty deconcentration and broader neighborhood revitalization. The main conclusions of this thesis are drawn from the interaction between the policies and practices of the local public housing authority and other public and private investors in the broader neighborhood. Overall, this thesis finds that HOPE VI poverty deconcentration strategies alone are not enough to affect broader neighborhood revitalization, but are a critical element in changing the perception of public and private investors as they contemplate investment around the development. In both cases the poverty deconcentration strategy was implemented in a way that harnessed existing market forces for neighborhood revitalization. This thesis concludes with a discussion of the best practices to advance the critical goals of HOPE VI poverty deconcentration and offers anagenda for further research.
by Carrie Ann Vanderford.
M.C.P.
6
Kambitsi, Marie Elena Athanasiou. "Peripheral development in Europe : population and employment deconcentration in the country of Greece /." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487780393265961.
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7
Adamtey, Ronald. "Devolution and deconcentration in action : a comparative study of five Municipal Health Directorates in Ghana." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2012. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/39583/.
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Decentralisation policies have been adopted by most countries in Sub-Saharan Africa in the expectation of improved service provision. The benefits expected are two-fold: a) decentralisation will lead to better coordination and collaboration between different parts of the state at the local level and b) decentralisation will lead to increased consultation and responsiveness of local governments to their citizens. In this thesis I seek to explain why these benefits are realised in some contexts and not others. In most parts of Sub-Saharan Africa, the predominant form of decentralisation is a combination of devolution and deconcentration. Often these two policies are ambiguous and sometimes contradictory. What are the processes through which such mixed systems work? This thesis attempts to understand how mixed systems of devolution and deconcentration work in practice through a comparative study of Five Municipal Health Directorates in Ghana. The study explores the three sets of relationships that are critical for decentralisation to work well in such mixed systems a) between the Health Directorate and the District Assembly administration, b) between the Health Directorate and the elected members of the District Assembly and c) between the Health Directorate and selected civil society organisations working on health. The work is based on detailed qualitative interviews in the five municipalities. The main finding is that informal ties between the Health Directorate and the three sets of actors mentioned above are helpful in explaining why coordination and consultation seem better in some municipalities than others. Four kinds of ties are found to be important: ethnic/tribal links, family/kinship/neighbourhood relations, political party affiliations, and old-school networks. These ties between Municipal Health Directorates and senior officers of the Municipal Assemblies were found to facilitate Municipal Health Directorates' access to District Assemblies' Common Fund, which was controlled by the Municipal Assemblies. The existence of these ties between Municipal Health Directorates and elected Assembly members of Municipal Assemblies were found to enhance the quality of Municipal Health Directorates' policies and helped to gain public support. Finally, such ties between Municipal Health Directorates and leaders of selected Civil Society Organisations that mobilised around HIV and AIDS programmes were found to facilitate implementation of Municipal Health Directorates' policies around HIV and AIDS. The thesis' contribution is that it shows that informal linkages between different local bodies and between local government and civil society organisations seem important for improved coordination and collaboration among various actors, and better consultation with elected representatives of citizens and leaders of CSOs for effective service delivery at the local level.
8
Chan, Wing-yan, and 陳穎恩. "Internal discrepancies over the economic deconcentration policy duringthe period of allied occupation of Japan, 1945-1952." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B37928028.
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Chan, Wing-yan. "Internal discrepancies over the economic deconcentration policy during the period of allied occupation of Japan, 1945-1952." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B37928028.
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10
McDonough, Michelle K. (Michelle Katharine) 1973. "Balancing income targeting and poverty deconcentration in subsidized housing : the challenge of the Federal Section 8 Program." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68790.
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11
Neubauer, Eric C. "Deconcentration, time-space convergence, and metropolitan dominance : the spatial reorganization of the U.S. urban system, 1940-1990 /." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486398528557756.
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12
McLean, Beverly Marie. "The Metropolitan-Nonmetropolitan Turnaround in the Pacific States (California, Oregon, and Washington): Labor Migration Flows and Economic Deconcentration." PDXScholar, 1992. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1287.
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This dissertation examines the turnaround of labor force migration patterns in the states of California, Oregon, and Washington in the 1970s. The focus of the dissertation is the simultaneous phenomena of economic deconcentration and employment migration in nonmetropolitan counties during the turnaround period. The theoretical approach of the research draws from the disciplines of economics, geography, and sociology to develop a model that addresses what attributes of areas attract labor migration flows. The study specifies that labor migration is a function of economic activities, the environment, and accessibility. The research focus is the role that economic and noneconomic factors play in attracting labor migration flows. The spatial focus is the counties in the states of California, Oregon, and Washington. The temporal focus of study is the period between 1965 and 1975. The results of the research affirm the complexity of migration modelling. A test of equality of coefficients of the different periods investigated show significant differences between the turnaround and preturnaround models. The data results show just a few of the noneconomic factors are a major determinant of the nonmetropolitan turnaround. The model results show several unexpected results. Several of the coefficients in the models have the opposite sign of what originally was expected. Another unexpected outcome of the research is the apparent symmetry of labor in-migration and labor out-migration coefficients. A formal test for symmetry, however, shows the models are significantly different. This study finds that the economic deconcentration process in the Pacific states is not one in which metropolitan growth spilled over into the nonmetropolitan counties. Rather both the metropolitan and nonmetropolitan counties simultaneously experienced deindustrializing (a decline of manufacturing employment and growth of service employment). The service related employment activity has a major influence on employment growth in the Pacific states. Although employment change does not show a significant influence on labor migration flows, labor migration does show a significant influence on employment growth in several of the model results.
13
Cameron, Robert. "Local government policy in South Africa 1980-1989 (with specific reference to the Western Cape) : devolution, delegation, deconcentration or centralisation?" Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15947.
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Bibliography: p. 512-557.This thesis is an examination of the National Party's policy of decentralisation of powers to local authorities in the 1980s. The thesis concentrates primarily on urban local government and its objectives are: 1. To trace the evolution of the south African state's policy of devolution of powers to local authorities in the 1980s; 2. To examine critically the main features of new local government legislation in this period, with particular reference to the devolution of powers policy; 3. To apply a normative framework for analysis, which can help serve as a heuristic device, in determining the extent of decentralisation that has occurred, to selected local authorities in the western Cape. The primary sources of research material that were consulted were Hansard, Acts of parliament, government commissions and gazettes, year books, provincial debates, ordinances, gazettes, circulars and local authorities' minutes and publications. Approximately 50 qualitative interviews were also conducted. The framework of analysis utilised certain indices, namely personnel, access, functions, party politics, finance and hierarchical relations, to measure the extent of decentralisation that has occurred in three local authorities in the Western Cape. This framework helped determine that limited devolution of powers had occurred. There were four major reasons for the reluctance of the National Party to devolve extensive powers to local authorities. First and foremost, reform policy was made in an elitist, top-down manner by a small group of reformers in order to ensure that the government could share power without losing control. The corollary of this centralised policy-making was the tendency of centr.al and provincial authorities not to devolve extensive powers to local authorities. Secondly, there was the viewpoint of the central government that the local government development process had to be controlled from the top because of the lack of sufficient skills, experience and finance at local level. Thirdly, the need for macro-economic financial control was· also a brake on the devolution process. Fourthly, the government believed that, in a unitary state, central government should always have a relative degree of control over local authorities' activities.
14
Johnson, Monique. "Poverty Deconcentration Priorities in Low-Income Housing Policy: A Content Analysis of Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) Qualified Allocation Plans." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3400.
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Structural inequalities within the social and economic environment have wide reaching impacts on the housing conditions of the poor. These households are marginalized by swelling housing cost burdens, shelter insufficiency, and sociospatial restriction to the lowest income communities. Housing research has examined the correlation between policy and the social location of low-income individuals. However, very little research analyzes the intersection of low-income housing tax credit (LIHTC) policy design and sociospatial trends among low-income households. Using content analysis, the purpose of this dissertation is to determine whether the policy documents that guide allocation of the LIHTC encourage poverty deconcentration. The research questions are (a) How have states represented sociospatial themes in their low-income housing tax credit allocation plans and do these sociospatial themes emphasize poverty deconcentration? (b) How have these priorities changed over time? and (c) Are there correlations between changes in poverty concentration and emphasis of poverty deconcentration within state low-income housing qualified allocation plan designs? The findings of this study suggest that: (1) The social constructs embedded into the QAP policy instrument design confines understanding of the LIHTC program to advantaged and contender social groups; (2) Sociospatial themes have evolved between 2000 and 2010. There was a significant shift from 2000 to 2010 with the inclusion of priorities related to the accessibility of transportation and the quality of services within targeted communities; (3) Poverty deconcentration themes represented approximately 27 percent of the sociospatial themes in 2000 and 2010. There was a marginal change in the weight of these themes over time. (4) There were correlations between changes in MSA poverty concentration and poverty deconcentration priorities within QAP. The direction and the degree of these changes were correlated with region and political ideology. This study shows that opportunities exist to enhance outcomes within the documents that guide allocation of LIHTC. Doing so could serve as an important step toward improving the well-being of low-income households.
15
Zupo, Emily. "An assessment of the impacts of relocation on public housing youth." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003081.
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Jaroscak, Joseph V. "CMHA Housing Choice Voucher Landlord Outreach Assessment." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1367941312.
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Mervis, Brett A. "Wrecking Recreation Center Relationships: How policy affects urban youth in Tampa, Florida." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4372.
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This dissertation explores the impact of housing and recreation policy on Tampa's urban youth. Deconcentration policy suggests that public housing youth have improved life chances when relocated to mixed-income neighborhoods. In 2007, Tampa's Central Park Village (CPV) public housing complex was demolished and all families were relocated to new neighborhoods. Similarly, neoliberal policy advocates for the government's reduced role in poverty-alleviating mechanisms to include housing the poor and the funding of afterschool programs. To offset a smaller city budget due to state property tax rollbacks in the mid-2000's, Tampa Parks and Recreation instituted increased afterschool and youth sports participation fees. In the dissertation, I examine how these policy changes affect both former CPV youth and Tampa urban youth in general. In addition, this dissertation examines the role of mentors (coaches) in urban neighborhoods and coaches' perceptions of newly instituted recreation policy.
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Moussa, Zahia. "L'évaluation de la décentralisation territoriale en Algérie." Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX32041.
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L'etude de la decentralisation territoriale en algerie devoile un pouvoir qui ne se distribue pas mais se diffuse simplement, un vrai pouvoir sans partage. Evaluer cette decentralisation aboutit alors a la decouverte d'institutions "missionnaires" qui, par le biais du fonctionnaire se chargent de la diffusion d'un modele culturel et d'un etre social fabriques par le sommet. La decentralisation se situe ainsi dans le champ ideologique. Elle donne un semblant de pouvoir a la base et partant a la societe ; elle s'arrete seulement au niveau des symboles et par la meme elle n'agit plus que comme un mythe. Dans le champ politique, toute revendication et toute contestation sont purement et simplement refusees ; seule predomine l'integration du social autour de l'etatique. Nettement hierarchisee, la relation etat-societe est beaucoup plus pedagogique que participative, beaucoup plus adhesive que consensuelle. Le citoyen n'est guere un acteur mais un simple administre-spectateur : c'est le pouvoir qui le fabrique, strategie ou la deconcentration prime. Incapable d'uniformiser la societe, l'etat n'a fait qu'etouffer sa richesse concrete, plurielle et contradictoire. La realite est la : durant plus de deux decennies, cette societe n'a jamais cesse de developper ses virtualites d'expression. Aujourd'hui, elle manifeste clairement son aspiration a la democratie. Cela exige un profond et difficile changement des mentalites. Une dimension s'impose : le temps
19
Sousa, José Carlos Matias de. "Políticas de descentralização e desconcentração: o papel das equipas de apoio às escolas no contexto da implementação das medidas de política educativa entre 2005 e 2011." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/18222.
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Este trabalho tem como objeto de estudo as Equipas de Apoio às Escolas (EAE)
enquanto medida de política educativa de desconcentração dos serviços das Direções
Regionais de Educação. Enquadrando a análise das políticas públicas de
desconcentração e descentralização de serviços, desenvolvemos um exercício a partir de
um conjunto de pressupostos sobre a forma como a ação das EAE foi desenvolvida, a
sua regulação foi feita e o conhecimento foi mobilizado.
Foi nosso intuito fazer a história da existência das Equipas de Apoio às Escolas com
base na experiência da EAE da Península de Setúbal Sul, que compreendia os concelhos
de Setúbal, Sesimbra, Palmela, Montijo e Alcochete, recuando ainda aos seus
antecessores: os Centros da Área Educativa e as Coordenações Educativas. Situámo-nos
no período entre 2005 e 2011. Utilizámos uma metodologia qualitativa e quantitativa,
tendo como sujeitos da investigação os diretores das escolas e os antigos Coordenadores
das Equipas de Apoio às Escolas que desempenharam essa função entre 2005 (ainda
com a designação de Coordenadores Educativos) e 2011, adstritos à Direção Regional
de Educação de Lisboa e Vale do Tejo. Realizámos um inquérito por questionário
durante o ano de 2012 a todos os presidentes dos Conselhos Executivos, presidentes das
Comissões Administrativas Provisórias, diretores dos Agrupamentos de Escolas e
diretores das Escolas Não Agrupadas que se situavam nos cinco concelhos
mencionados. Foi ainda realizada uma entrevista a todos os antigos coordenadores das
Equipas de Apoio às Escolas pertencentes à Direção Regional de Educação de Lisboa e
Vale do Tejo.
A tese confirma que a criação das EAE é o resultado de uma medida de política
educativa posta em prática com o objetivo de aproximar a administração educativa das
unidades orgânicas que são as escolas. Evidencia, também, que esta medida, que
poderia ter sido de grande relevo do ponto de vista da descentralização e
desconcentração, se tornou mais um exemplo das dificuldades e obstáculos do que das
potencialidades desse processo em Portugal.
Palavras-chave: Políticas educativas; Autonomia; Descentralização; Desconcentração,
Equipas de Apoio às Escolas; Abstract:
The purpose of this work is to analyze the Schools’ Support Teams (SST) as an
educational political measure to deconcentration the services of the Regional
Directorates of Education (RDE). By contextualizing the analysis of the public
decentralization and deconcentration of services, we developed an exercise from a series
of assumptions about the way the action of the RDE was developed, the way its
regulation was achieved and the way its knowledge was used.
Our intentions were to write about the SST history based on the South Setubal
Peninsula one. This SST included the counties of Setubal, Sesimbra, Palmela, Montijo e
Alcochete, going back to its former educational structures: the Educational Regional
Centers (ERC) and the Educational Coordination Centers (ECC).
We focused on the period between 2005 and 2011. We used a quantitative and
qualitative methodology, having as subject to this investigation the schools’ principals
and the former Schools’ Support Team Coordinators, who played that role between
2005 (then called Education Coordinators) and 2011, attached to the Tagus Valley and
Lisbon Regional Directorate. We made a poll, during the year 2012, to all the School
Principals: the temporary administration ones, the School Grouping ones (from
kindergarten to upper secondary school) and the Schools not belonging to a School
Grouping ones, all situated in the five mentioned counties. We also interviewed the
former Schools’ Support Team Coordinators.
The thesis confirms that the creation of the RDE is the result of an educational political
measure, whose purpose was to create a close relationship between the Educational
Administration and the schools. It shows that this measure, which could have been of
great relevance from the decentralization point of view, became, as most of the
measures taken in the last decades, an example of the difficulties and obstacles rather
than of the potential features of the decentralization of educational process in Portugal.
Key words: Educational policies; autonomy; decentralization; deconcentration; Schools
Support Teams.
20
Johnson-Hart, Lallen Tyrone. "Residential Outcomes of HOPE VI Relocatees in Richmond, VA." VCU Scholars Compass, 2007. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1413.
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In 1997 the Richmond Redevelopment and Housing Authority received a HOPE VI grant from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development in the amount of $26.9 million to revitalize the Blackwell scattered site public housing community. The mixed income approach of HOPE VI calls for a reduction of public housing units, thus requiring all households to relocate to other neighborhoods. This research analyzed socioeconomic data to examine the relocation of households, assess whether they moved to better neighborhoods, and compare them to other poor households. Over half of all households moved to other distressed neighborhoods in the Northside, East End, and Southside sections of Richmond. While voucher households moved to better neighborhoods, public housing households appeared to move to neighborhoods of similar and worse quality than Blackwell. Overall, relocated households moved to less stable communities than other poor households. Research suggests that a regional approach is needed to open suburban housing options to low-income families in order to effectively deconcentrate poverty.
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Lima, César Augustus Adorno Ferreira. "Desconcentração vis-à-vis concentração: um estudo sobre os exames definitivos de drogas na Polícia TécnicoCientífica do estado de Goiás." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/6910.
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Drug use is related to physical violence, corruption and the formation of criminal organizations turning it public security problem. Its market is one of the main causes of high crime that affects our society. In this sense the Forensics Expert in Brazil stands out for its action in the production of material evidence. To do so, it is necessary that the Forensics Expert perform the definitive drug examination. By the end of the year 2014 and early 2015, the ICLR's drug laboratory was crowded with requisitions, and the Forensics Expert were not able to meet within the legal deadline the demand for definitive exams. With this, there was the commitment of the criminal prosecution. This inefficiency provoked the need to seek a readjustment of the supply of this demand, in order to improve the timing of the production of this material proof. Thus, the following research question arises: is the deconcentration of definitive drug exams an efficient, effective and effective option for the Technical-Scientific Police to increase its capacity to meet this demand throughout the State of Goiás? The objective of the present study was to conduct a study on deconcentration vis-à-vis the concentration of definitive drug exams. In order to achieve this, a study of applied nature, mixed methods (quantitative-qualitative), cross-sectional, descriptive-exploratory, whose research strategy was a triangulation of methods was carried out. The quantitative dimension involved the Civil Police and the Technical-Scientific Police. In the first institution a questionnaire was applied to the Regional Delegates composed of 21 questions (closed, semi open and open). In the second one, information was obtained that provided systematic descriptive statistical analyzes to define the need to perform deconcentration or not. The qualitative dimension involved semistructured interviews with managers of the Technical-Scientific Police, whose technique of analysis was that of content (thematic categories). It was observed that the quantitative result, in exclusively financial terms, refuted the possibility of deconcentration, and, on the other hand, the qualitative result pointed to a strong movement of deconcentration within the Technical-Scientific Police led by the managers. After comparing the quantitative and qualitative results, it was found that the concentration has a high coefficient of efficiency. However, based on the concept of relative efficiency, the efficacy and effectiveness of the deconcentration process of the definitive exams of drugs were preponderant so that this process was considered important to improve the service delivery of the Technical-Scientific Police of the state of Goiás. This conclusion has management implications, bacause deconcentration can not be conducted without strategic planning, without a detailed study of the necessary resources, as well as without proper identification of the origin of investments. In addition, the research pointed out that strengthening stakeholder relations at the local level will provide the building of a favorable scenario to promote this process.
O uso de drogas está relacionado à violência física, corrupção e formação de organizações criminosas o que as tornam uma questão de segurança pública. O seu mercado é uma das principais causas da alta criminalidade que atinge a nossa sociedade. Neste sentido a Perícia Criminal no Brasil se destaca por sua ação na produção da prova material. Para tanto é necessário que o Perito Criminal realize o exame definitivo de drogas. No final de ano de 2014 e início de 2015, o laboratório de drogas do ICLR encontrava-se abarrotado de requisições, sendo que os Peritos Criminais não estavam conseguindo atender dentro do prazo legal a demanda de exames definitivos. Com isso, havia o comprometimento da persecução penal. Essa ineficiência suscitou a necessidade de buscar uma readequação do atendimento dessa demanda, com a finalidade de aprimorar a tempestividade da produção dessa prova material. Dessa forma, surge a seguinte questão de pesquisa: a desconcentração dos exames definitivos de drogas é uma opção eficiente, eficaz e efetiva para a Polícia Técnico-Científica aumentar sua capacidade de atender essa demanda? O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar um estudo sobre a desconcentração vis-à-vis a concentração dos exames definitivos de drogas. Para atingi-lo, foi realizado um estudo de natureza aplicada, métodos mistos (quanti-qualitativo), de corte transversal, descritivoexploratório, cuja estratégia de pesquisa foi um projeto de triangulação de métodos. A dimensão quantitativa envolveu a Polícia Civil e a Polícia Técnico-Científica. Na primeira instituição foi aplicado um questionário aos Delegados Regionais composto de 21 questões (fechadas, semiabertas e abertas). Na segunda, foram obtidas informações que proporcionaram análises estatísticas descritivas sistematicamente estruturadas para definir a necessidade de realizar a desconcentração ou não. A dimensão qualitativa envolveu entrevistas semiestruturadas com gestores da Polícia Técnico-Científica, cuja técnica de análise foi a de conteúdo (categorias temáticas). Observou-se que o resultado quantitativo, em termos exclusivamente financeiros, refutou a possibilidade de desconcentração, e, por outro lado, o resultado qualitativo apontou um forte movimento de desconcentração dentro da Polícia Técnico-Científica liderado pelos gestores. Após a comparação dos resultados quantitativos e qualitativos, constatou-se que a concentração possui um elevado coeficiente de eficiência. Contudo, com base no conceito de eficiência relativa, a eficácia e a efetividade do processo de desconcentração dos exames definitivos de drogas foram preponderantes para que esse processo fosse considerado importante para melhorar a prestação de serviço da Polícia Técnico-Científica do estado de Goiás. Esta conclusão traz implicações gerenciais, pois a desconcentração não pode ser conduzida sem planejamento estratégico, sem um estudo minucioso dos recursos necessários, bem como sem a devida identificação da origem dos investimentos. Além disso, a pesquisa apontou que o fortalecimento das relações com os stakeholders em nível local proporcionará a construção de um cenário favorável para promover esse processo.
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Thepsitthar, Yodpol. "La participation du public à la vie locale en Thaïlande." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1029.
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La décentralisation est une base du pays démocratique parce que l'État centralisé ne peut pas répondre les besoins de la population tout seul. Il doit décentraliser les pouvoirs et les missions à l'autorité locale. Cela ne signifie pas que les collectivités territoriales vont répondre les vrais besoins de la population. La participation est une voie de déclarer le vrai besoin. En plus, la participation est également une façon de communiquer entre les habitants et les représentants locaux. En Thaïlande, l'histoire de la décentralisation a commencé à l'époque du Roi Rama V pour le but d'annulation le pouvoir de prince de chaque quartier et pour créer l'État-nation. Après avoir eu la Constitution de 1997, elle dispose le rôle des habitants dans le quartier pour négocier avec les autorités locales. En réalité, le nombre de la participation au niveau local en Thaïlande est faible à cause de la tradition et le mode de vie des thaïlandais. Dans cette étude, elle veut présenter le méthode de la participation et les obstacles de la participation au niveau local en ThaïlandeThe decentralisation is the basic of democratic country because only the centralised State can not respond the need of population. State must decentralize its powers and duties to the local authorities. But it does not mean that the local authorities can respond the real need of the population. The participation is one of the way to declare the need of population. Moreover, participation is also the method for the communication between people and the local administrators. In Thailand, the history of decentralization began in the reign of the king Rama V with the aim at withdrawing the power of the local princes and constructing the State-nation. After the Constitution of 1997 was promulgated, the role of people in the community was fixed in order to negotiate with the local authorites. In fact, the number of participation is poor because of the tradition and the life style of Thai peoples. In this research, it presents the methods of participation and their obstacles to participate with the local authorities
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Garbelim, Marcello Soldan. "A produção sócia do espaço na região norte de Goiânia: desconcentração, segregação e política urbana." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8163.
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Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-15T12:53:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Marcello Soldan Garbelim - 2014.pdf: 4729237 bytes, checksum: 6c8d188d19e1058d7c463e64e8a6c7ec (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-01-29
Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
The transformations in the uses of the "urban voids" in the Região Norte de Goiânia, especially in the vicinity of the Rio Meia Ponte and Ribeirão João Leite, are expressions of a metropolis that expands in an accelerated way. These areas were preserved in a planned way, from the initial moments of the construction of the capital of Goiás, due to the extensive forests of Cerrado and numerous springs, but from the end of the 2000s, economic interests observe the Região Norte as the last bill of sale about the city. The growing interests of capitals are linked to and stimulate the forms and processes of urban deconcentration, in which the construction of buildings, factories and shopping malls threaten the environmental degradation of areas of flagrant environmental fragility and even disarticulate the friendly ways of life less agitated in relation to the other regions of Goiânia. In this context, the dissertation analyzes the performance of the social segments in order to make feasible the production of new urban spaces, with a view to the effects on socio-spatial segregation structures and the dynamics of mobilizations of representatives of state capitals and agents, as well as ecological and community conflicts, which lead to conflicts amidst the stimuli for the dispersion and production of new centralities in the Northern Region.
As transformações nos usos dos “vazios urbanos” na Região Norte de Goiânia, especialmente nas imediações do Rio Meia Ponte e do Ribeirão João Leite, são expressão de uma metrópole que se expande de modo acelerado. Essas áreas foram preservadas de maneira planejada, desde os momentos iniciais da construção da capital de Goiás, devido às extensas matas de Cerrado e numerosos mananciais, mas a partir de fins dos anos 2000, os interesses econômicos observam a Região Norte como último tento de faturamento sobre a cidade. Os interesses crescentes dos capitais se vinculam e estimulam as formas e os processos da desconcentração urbana, em que a construção de edifícios, fábricas e shoppings centers ameaçam de degradação ambiental terrenos de flagrantes fragilidades ambientais e, mesmo, desarticulam os modos de vida simpáticos aos espaços menos agitados em relação às demais regiões de Goiânia. Nesse contexto, a dissertação analisa a atuação dos segmentos sociais para viabilizar a produção de novos espaços urbanos, com vistas aos efeitos sobre as estruturas de segregação socioespacial e as dinâmicas de mobilizações de representantes de capitais e agentes de Estado, bem como dos movimentos ecológicos e comunitários, que protagonizam conflitos em meio aos estímulos para a dispersão e produção de novas centralidades na Região Norte.
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Nengwekhulu, Ranwedzi. "An evaluation of the nature and role of local government in post colonial Botswana." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28121.
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Chatfield, Christopher. "La régionalisation sanitaire : réflexions sur un processus inabouti." Thesis, Lille 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL2D014/document.
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A partir des années 1990 l’administration sanitaire s’est inscrite dans un mouvement de régionalisation ayant conduit à l’installation des agences régionales de santé. Ces structures, ainsi que les méthodes choisies pour réorganiser le pilotage régional des affaires sanitaires, marquent l’importation dans le secteur de la santé des tendances ayant touché la rénovation de l’appareil administratif français.Tout au long du XXème siècle, la territorialisation des politiques publiques a suivi le tempo d’une valse à deux temps, mêlant déconcentration et décentralisation. Dès lors, il est possible de se questionner sur la place accordéeaux collectivités territoriales dans le pilotage sanitaire régional. L’investissement particulier de certaines collectivités, comme l’ancienne Région Nord-Pas de Calais, alimente d’ailleurs ces interrogations.Après avoir observé la place accordée aux collectivités dans l’architecture sanitaire, nous nous interrogerons sur les raisons pouvant expliquer celle-ci, tout particulièrement en ce qui concerne la Région. A bien des égards les choix opérés apparaissent à contre temps des dynamiques juridiques et politiques sur lesquelles s’appuie aujourd’hui la décentralisation, envisagée globalement. Nous essaierons de comprendre les raisons pouvant expliquer un traitement différencié des questions de la santé, avant d’envisager ce que pourrait être une décentralisation sanitaire ; c’est-à-dire, en somme, un aboutissement de la régionalisation sanitaireFrom the 1990’s health administration became part of a regionalization movement resulting in the setting up of the regional health agencies. These structures, and the methods adopted to reorganize the regional steering of health matters, marked the importing into the heath sector of the trends involved in the renovation of the French administrative machinery.Throughout the 20th century, the « territorialization » of the public policies followed the tempo of a two-step waltz, with a mix of « deconcentration » and decentralization. It is therefore possible to question the place given to thelocal authorities in the steering of regional health matters. The specific investment made by some authorities, such as the former Nord-Pas de Calais Region, raises further questions.After having observed the place given to the local authorities in the health architecture, we will look into the reasons for this, especially as regards the “Region”. In many respects the choices made do not appear to be in step with the legal and political dynamics on which decentralization, seen from a global standpoint, is based. We will try to understand the reasons behind this differential treatment of health issues, before looking ahead to what healthsector decentralization might be; i.e. in short, the completion of the health regionalization process
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Pereira, Maria Cristina Silva. "Reflex?es sobre a pol?tica de descentraliza??o em sa?de: uma an?lise a partir do Hospital Monsenhor Walfredo Gurgel em Natal (RN)." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2010. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17894.
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Previous issue date: 2010-08-16Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
The process of decentralization of health policy in Brazil has evolved throughout the second half of the twentieth century, advancing by leaps and bounds in the last two decades. The various public institutions have assumed the function of responding to a growing demand for medical care and hospital. Monsenhor Hospital Walfredo Gurgel - H.M.W.G. fits into this context as an institution par excellence-oriented service the demand for medium and high complexity. This paper presents some questions about the process of decentralization and devolution occurred in Brazil. To do so is a brief historical background and politics, showing the concepts of reform and counter-reform and how the processes mentioned in the Country Correlates develop local social development of the decentralization process and discusses the modifications in policies social intervention in recent decades and the state health policies. Presents the implementation of a Health System in Brazil and the state showing how the decentralization of health policy occurs in Rio Grande do Norte. Finally, it explores the role of H.M.W.G. in health policy in RN. For this, portrays the institution and is located within the decentralized structure of health policy in the state and capital. An analysis of the demand for hospital care and the budget situation is realized at the close of work, correlating the role of HMWG with the decentralization of health policy in Brazil and Rio Grande do Norte. The methodology used for the preparation of this work was based on documentary research, systematic nonparticipant observation, field diary and analysis of data, documents and content. This set shows a quantitative and qualitative methodology that strips the institution, enabling the understanding of their role, boundaries, threats and opportunities
O processo de descentraliza??o da pol?tica de sa?de no Brasil evoluiu durante toda segunda metade do s?culo XX, avan?ando a passos largos nas ultimas duas d?cadas. As diversas institui??es p?blicas assumiram a fun??o de responder a uma demanda crescente por atendimento m?dico-hospitalar. O Hospital Monsenhor Walfredo Gurgel H.M.W.G. insere-se nesse contexto como institui??o por excel?ncia voltada para o atendimento a demanda por m?dia e alta complexidade. Esse trabalho apresenta algumas quest?es sobre o processo de descentraliza??o e desconcentra??o ocorrido no Brasil. Para isso partiu-se de uma breve contextualiza??o hist?rica e pol?tica, mostrando os conceitos de reforma e contrareforma do Estado e como os processos mencionados desenvolvem-se no Pa?s. Correlaciona o desenvolvimento social local ao processo de descentraliza??o e discute as modifica??es ocorridas nas pol?ticas sociais nas ?ltimas d?cadas e a interven??o do Estado nas pol?ticas de sa?de. Apresenta a implanta??o de um Sistema ?nico de Sa?de no Brasil mostrando como o processo de descentraliza??o da pol?tica de sa?de ocorre no Rio Grande do Norte. Por fim, analisa-se o papel do H.M.W.G. dentro da pol?tica de sa?de no RN. Para isso, retrata a institui??o e a situa dentro da estrutura descentralizada da pol?tica de sa?de no Estado e na capital. Uma analise da demanda por atendimento no hospital e das condi??es or?ament?rias ? realizada no encerramento do trabalho, correlacionando o papel do H.M.W.G. com a descentraliza??o da pol?tica de sa?de no Brasil e no Rio Grande do Norte. A metodologia utilizada para elabora??o desse trabalho baseou-se na pesquisa documental, na observa??o n?o participante sistem?tica, no di?rio de campo e na analise de dados, documentos e conte?dos. Esse conjunto mostra uma metodologia quanti-qualitativa que desnuda a institui??o, possibilitando a compreens?o de seu papel, limites, amea?as e possibilidades
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Pacatolo, Carlos Barnabé Upindi. "Finanças locais em Angola : um modelo mais eficiente e justo de repartição de recursos financeiros intragovernamentais." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3732.
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Mestrado em Economia e Políticas PúblicasA repartição actual de recursos financeiros intragovernamentais em Angola é feita de forma discricionária. Cabe ao ministro do Planeamento e/ou Governador provincial propor o montante a ser transferido para as administrações municipais. Os municípios de regiões petrolíferas e diamantíferas são beneficiados financeiramente pelas receitas consignadas derivadas das receitas fiscais associadas à exploração daqueles recursos minerais, para além de terem acesso, como os demais municípios, a outras receitas consignadas. Esta situação agrava a disparidade fiscal orçamental entre os municípios angolanos. Propôs-se um modelo de transferências intragovernamentais mais justo e eficiente, tendo como critério principal para atribuição do Fundo Geral (80% das transferências) a população de cada município, e promove a equidade entre os municípios através de um Fundo de Coesão (20% das transferências) a ser financiado por uma percentagem das receitas petrolíferas e diamantíferas consignadas. Os municípios não sede de província, cuja população se situa abaixo de 80% da população do município sede, habilitam-se ao Fundo de Coesão. O modelo adapta-se melhor ao momento actual de aprofundamento da desconcentração administrativa rumo às autarquias locais e a uma descentralização efectiva. Espera-se também que a sociedade civil dos municípios funcione como um órgão de fiscalização da implementação do modelo e da gestão dos recursos a nível local. Finalmente, a adopção do modelo dependerá do equilibro entre aqueles que perdem e os que ganham com o novo critério de afectação de recursos financeiros intragovernamentais.
The intra-governmental fiscal sharing in Angola is currently done in a discretionary way. It is the responsibility of the Ministry of Planning and/or of the Provincial Governor to propose the amount to be transferred to the municipal administrations. The municipalities located in petrol and diamond regions are in a beneficial position since they receive both the taxes that originate from fiscal taxes due to the exploitation of mineral resources and other taxes that are general to the overall municipalities. This situation worsens the fiscal imbalance amongst Angolan municipalities. In the present article a fairer and more efficient model for intra-governmental fiscal transfer is proposed, having as main criteria the population data for the attribution of the General Fund (80% of transfers). It also promotes equity between municipalities by the creation of a Cohesion Fund (20% of transfers) that is funded by a percentage of allocated incomes of petrol and diamond exploitation. Municipalities, which are not Province headquarters, and which population is below 80% of the headquarter municipality population, can apply to the Cohesion Fund. This model is particularly adapted to the current process of gradual administrative deconcentration aiming to achieve local governments and an effective decentralisation. It is also expected that local civil society play as watching dog role, monitoring and evaluating the model implementation as well as resource management at the local level. Finally the model adoption and implementation will depend on the balance between those who loose and those who win the new criteria of fiscal resource intra-governmental allocation.
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Shi, Silu. "Les structures administratives territoriales de l'Etat en Chine." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D053.
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Dans l’image traditionnelle, la Chine est un État unitaire typiquement centralisé. Un tel concept, même à l’ère de Mao Zedong, n’est pas très précis, car à l’époque, la Chine a quand-même connu au moins trois cycles de déconcentration/centralisation. Alors, après la réforme d’«ouverture vers l’extérieur» par Deng Xiaoping, la Chine a établi des relations contrastées entre le central et le local. Deng Xiaoping a adopté une décentralisation des compétences par les mesures administratives et transfère les « intérêts » à l’échelon local, ce qui induit une grande latitude pour ce dernier, en particulier, en matière de développement de l’économie. Ainsi, une décentralisation non institutionnalisée a conduit l’échelon local à devenir de facto une entité administrative qui maîtrise les ressources et les compétences au nom de l’État, plutôt qu’obéissant aveuglément au central. Derrière ce changement, on voit l’émergence et la force motrice des intérêts locaux, avec une décentralisation approfondie, les gouvernements locaux ont reçu beaucoup plus de pouvoirs discrétionnaires, surtout pour ce qui concerne les affaires locales, et en même temps, à travers la maîtrise des ressources et des pouvoirs, les gouvernements locaux possèdent les «jetons» dans la négociation avec le gouvernement central, ayant pour objet et effet d’exprimer les intérêts locaux et d’influencer les décisions du central. Pour maintenir sa primauté, le gouvernement central a adopté une centralisation sélective pour faire face à cette décentralisation de facto afin d’arriver à un équilibre entre le central et le local. Cependant, une décentralisation non institutionnalisée, principalement à travers les négociations pour atteindre un équilibre entre les deux précédents, semble une approche qui n’est toujours pas stable, de telle sorte que la recherche d’une normativité des relations entre le central et le local est devenue un objectif à long termeIn the traditional image, China is a typically centralized unitary country, such a concept, even in the era of Mao Zedong, is not very precise, because at that time, China has even experienced at least three cycles of decentralisation/centralisation. So, through the reform and open by Deng Xiaoping, China has formed contrasting relations between central and local. Deng Xiaoping has adopted decentralization through administrative measures to decentralize the power and transfer “interests” to the local government, so that, the local government has a major initiative, in particular, in the development of the economy. Thus, the non-institutional decentralization leads the local government to become de facto an administrative entity which controls resources and power in the name of the central government. So the local government is not just obeying the central government like before. Behind this change is the emergence and the driving force of local interests. With a deep decentralization, the local governments have received much more discretionary power, especially in the local affairs and at the same time, through the control of resources and powers, the local governments have the “bargain chip” to negotiate with the central government, so that they could express local interests and influence the decisions of the central government. In order to maintain central authority, the central government has adopted a selective centralization for this de facto centralization, so as to achieve a balance between the central government and the local government. However, the non-institutional decentralization mainly through negotiation to achieve a balance between the two preceding ones, seems to be an approach that is still not stable, so that the search for a normativity of relations between central and local has become a long-term goal
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Sacramento, Josiane Aparecida da Silva. "Concentração ou desconcentração administrativa como forma de gestão da UFF diante da expansão: uma análise comparativa dos dois modelos de gestão." Universidade Federal Fluminense, 2015. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/1807.
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Submitted by Marcia Silva (marcia@latec.uff.br) on 2016-06-06T20:41:15Z
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Dissert Josiane Aparecida Sacramento.pdf: 1786500 bytes, checksum: 1d0769859f5cc65758e8770ba4fbaa44 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-06T20:41:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Josiane Aparecida Sacramento.pdf: 1786500 bytes, checksum: 1d0769859f5cc65758e8770ba4fbaa44 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-12
A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo a análise da descentralização de atividades financeiras (desconcentração) no âmbito de uma autarquia pública federal, a Universidade Federal Fluminense, em seu campus universitário interiorizado no município de Volta Redonda. Para tanto, uma retrospectiva história é realizada a respeito da evolução da educação superior no Brasil e das políticas de Reformas Administrativas aplicadas na Administração Pública Federal com o intuito de alcançar maior eficiência no executivo, tendo destaque as políticas de descentralização, ainda que não plenamente aplicadas. Posteriormente, na sequência da revisão bibliográfica é exposta uma análise dos termos concentração/desconcentração e centralização/descentralização, com o intuito de solidificar a proposta deste trabalho. A pesquisa de campo, baseada em estudo de caso, busca comparar os modelos de gestão concentrada da UFF e a desconcentrada do IFRJ campus Nilo Peçanha em Pinheiral/RJ, de forma a investigar se a desconcentração pode trazer redução no tempo de empenho, pagamento e liquidação de processos de compras e contratações, embora a análise deste trabalho se limite à etapa de empenho dos processos. Baseado em uma análise quantitativa e qualitativa, com caráter descritivo-exploratório, a pesquisa utilizou os métodos de observação, questionário, entrevista, pesquisa documental e bibliográfica para realização da análise. Como resultados desta pesquisa constata-se que a desconcentração pode efetivamente reduzir os tempos de empenho nas modalidades de dispensa de licitação e carona, no entanto, na modalidade de pregão a concentração mostrou-se mais satisfatória. Acredita-se que este trabalho possa contribuir para uma maior reflexão na gestão de diversas autarquias federais, em especial as universidades, tendo em vista que muitas delas compartilham realidades semelhantes
This work aims to examine the situation of decentralization of financial activities (deconcentration) in the context of a public and federal autarchy, the Fluminense Federal University: its campus in Volta Redonda. For doing so, a historical retrospective study is done, exploring the evolution of both superior education in Brazil and its Administrative Reform Policies, as applied to Public Federal Administration, with the intention of attaining greater efficiency levels in execution, particularly, with policies of decentralization, even if not entirely applied. After that, along the bibliographical review, an analysis of the terms concentration/deconcentration and centralization/decentralization is undertaken, with the intention of supporting the proposal in this paper. The Field Research, based on a Study Case methodology, aims to compare the existing managerial concentrated models used in UFF and the deconcentrated models used in IFRJ's Nilo Peçanha campus, in Pinheiral/RJ, as means to understand whether deconcentration can reduce the time spent in efforts, payment and setting of purchasing and contracting processes, even though the analysis is limited to efforts. Based on a design involving both quantitative and qualitative analyses, of a descriptive and exploratory kind, the research used different methods, including: observation, questionnaires, interview, document and bibliographical research. Results include the confirmation of deconcentration as responsible for leading to actually reducing the timing related to the efforts made, under the modalities of exemption from bidding and lifts, even if, in the modality of verbal negotiation, concentration seemed to be more suitable. This work could eventually provide with further considerations on management of diverse federal autarchies, especially in the case of universities, considering that many of them are in similar situations
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Merley, Nathalie. "Conception et administration du territoire en France métropolitaine." Saint-Etienne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STETXX32.
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Le but de cette these est d'etudier l'administration du territoire en france metropolitaine. L'hypothese centrale de ce travail est que l'administration du territoire est, fondamentalement, le produit des forces conjuguees d'unite et de diversite qui caracterisent toutes constructions etatiques. Au dela, nous souhaitons montrer comment, contrairement a ce que postule le modele classique d'administration du territoire "a la francaise", le territoire doit etre pense comme l'instrument tant symbolique que pratique de reconnaissance de la diversite de la republique. Une premiere partie est, tout d'abord, consacree a l'administration du territoire par l'etat. Dans un premier titre nous montrons comment le modele traditionnel d'analyse du territoire etatique fait celui-ci l'instrument d'une unite imposee, tant a la communaute nationale qu'a l'appareil administratif etatique. Dans un deuxieme titre nous tentons d'elaborer un nouveau modele d'analyse du territoire de l'etat, faisant de celui-ci l'instrument d'une unite recomposee. Un troisieme titre est consacre a l'administration effective du territoire par l'etat. Elle met en evidence les processus de territorialisation et de diversification fonctionnelle de l'adminisration etatique. Une deuxieme partie est, ensuite, consacree a l'administration du territoire par les collectivites territoriales. Dans un premier titre nous montrons comment le modele classique d'analyse du territoire fait de celui-ci un instrument permettant de contenir la diversite des collectivites locales. Dans un second titre nous proposons un schema de pensee sensiblement different faisant du territoire un instrument de reconnaissance de la diversiteThe purpose of the present thesis is to study the principles governing the administration of territory within metropolitan france. The central assumption on which this work is based is that territory administration is, fundamentally, the result of the combined forces of both unity and diversity which characterize all state-created entities. Beyond this, the author wishes to demonstrate that, unlike what was the case with the classical pattern of territory administration "a la francaise", the territory must now be viewed as the instrument, both practical and symbolical, of a recognition of the diversity of the "republique". The first part of the thesis is devoted to territory administration as exercised by the state itself. In the first section, the author endeavours to show how the traditional pattern of analysis applied to territory administration turned the latter into the instrument of a unity which has been forced upon the national community as well as upon the state machinery. In the second section, she suggests a new vision of the state territory, according to which it becomes the instrument of a recreated unity. A third section deals with territory administration as it is, in practice, implemented by the state. This study of the practise reveals the process of "territorialisation" and of functional diversification undergone by the state administration. The second part of this work is devoted to territory administration as exercised by the "collectivites territoriales". Within the first section, the author explains how the classical conception of the territory turned
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Gouvêa, Gutemberg de Araujo. "Desconcentração da polícia técnica e científica do Estado de Rondônia: uma política de administração pública." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/10749.
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The present study aims to expound the deconcentration of the Scientific and Technical Division of the Police Department in the brazilian state of Rondônia, to collaborate for local organs management and also to assist in the social control by the citizen, with the origination of regional level coordination offices within this Police Department division. Using the Rondônia's Forensic Experts Forum, through the Internet, it was released selected questions about the concepts of once discussed themes and also about the perspectives of changes in the form of criminal forensics in the Rondônia state provinces. In addition, it has been accomplished data analysis of population, geographic locations, police reports and number of criminal forensics officers; bibliographic reviews and documental searches. The poll applied with criminal forensics professionals reveals unfamiliarity related to the difference between the key concepts shown in this study, although they reconizes the need of a deconcentration in the Scientific and Technical Division of this Police Department. This deconcentration purposes mostly the recognition of the regional sectors and the improvement of the work provided to society. The data related to the field of each sector inside Institute of Criminalistics, including current and dismantled ones, were analyzed. After that, the need of deconcentration of the criminal forensics in the inner state of Rondônia became even clearer, which proves the urgent need about origination of management sectors attuned to the central organ, yet only if performed as public politics.
Este estudo apresenta como questão central: Por que desconcentrar o Departamento de Polícia Técnica e Científica com a criação e implantação de coordenadorias nas sub-regiões da Secretaria de Segurança Pública, Defesa e Cidadania do Estado de Rondônia? Para responder tal questão que norteia o presente estudo volta-se o enfoque para a gestão dos serviços praticados pelos órgãos de perícia técnica nas diversas regiões do Estado visando o princípio da eficiência e da produtividade, bem como do aspecto social dos órgãos de segurança pública, pois, em última análise, são estes os que deveriam agir em conjunto com a sociedade visando a garantia da aplicação da lei e da justiça a todos, com o objetivo de contribuir na gestão dos órgãos regionais, além de atender ao controle social pelo cidadão, com a criação de coordenadorias regionais naquela instituição. Como instrumento para coleta de dados optou-se pelo questionário com perguntas selecionadas sobre os conceitos dos temas abordados, e sobre as perspectivas de mudanças de formatação diferenciada da perícia no interior do estado aplicado através do fórum dos Peritos Criminais do Estado de Rondônia, via internet. Também foram realizadas pesquisas bibliográficas, documentais e a análise de dados populacionais, geográficos, de ocorrências policiais e de número de peritos. Os dados mostram que entre os profissionais da área existe um desconhecimento da distinção entre os conceitos de desconcentração e de descentralização. Apesar desse fato, as respostas apontam para a unanimidade com relação à necessidade de haver uma desconcentração do setor, que visa o reconhecimento das unidades regionais e a melhoria do trabalho produzido para a sociedade. Ao confrontar os dados referentes à área de atuação de cada uma das sub-regiões do Instituto de Criminalística, dentre as quais as unidades existentes e as desarticuladas (com área geográfica de atuação, população atingida e número de ocorrências realizadas por período de tempo escolhido), com os dados obtidos simultaneamente na sede fixada à capital do estado, ficou ainda mais clara a necessidade de desconcentração da perícia criminal no interior do estado, constatando-se a urgente e necessária criação de polos gestores em sintonia com o órgão central, desde que tal seja realizado como política pública.
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Ferrão, Florência Maria. "Descentralização e finanças locais em Moçambique." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/2221.
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Mestrado em Ciências EconómicasO presente estudo tem como objectivo analisar o processo de descentralização e as finanças locais em Moçambique. Aquele tem vindo a desenrolar-se ao longo dos últimos dez anos, numa dupla perspectiva que combina a devolução de funções e de responsabilidades de realização de despesas públicas a um número específico de autarquias locais e uma desconcentração simultânea dos serviços prestados pela Administração Pública. Na verdade, o percurso centralizador do país é, em grande medida, fruto da sua estrutura política e institucional, pelo que a descentralização pode ser entendida como um conceito externo. Apesar disso, a vontade de, cada vez mais, atribuir poderes às comunidades mediante a capacitação dos governos locais e das administrações parece ser conduzida por uma clara agenda nacional de descentralização e pela provável constatação de que um sector público extremamente centralizado tem sido ineficaz na disponibilização de recursos financeiros públicos substanciais às unidades de prestação de serviços a nível comunitário. Este processo de descentralização tem tido apoio ao mais alto nível político no seio do governo. De forma bastante surpreendente, o actual projecto de Política Nacional de Descentralização enfatiza de forma clara a descentralização política e a democratização como objectivos de uma visão descentralizadora, mas é virtualmente omisso no que respeita ao papel que essa descentralização desempenhará na melhoria das condições de vida das pessoas, nomeadamente mediante a prestação de serviços públicos mais eficazes. O processo requer a formação de recursos humanos, o desenvolvimento de sistemas de informação, de cadastro e avaliação de imóveis e de cadastro/registo de pessoas, entre outros aspectos. É também necessário optimizar a cobrança e gestão de impostos, por exemplo no que se refere à taxa de mercado, muito sujeita a flutuações.
The goal of this study is to investigate the process of decentralization and the local finance in Mozambique. This process has been taking place, for the last ten years, combining a process of devolution of functions and responsibilities regarding the public expenditure to a specific number of local governments and the deconcentration of the public services. In fact, the centralizing history of the country is, to a large extent, the result of its political and institutional structure. In this context, decentralization can be understood as an external concept. However, the will to, progressively, delegate decision-making authority to the local communities through the empowerment of the local governments and administrations seems to be the result of a national agenda of decentralization and also of a likely conclusion that a public sector extremely centralised has been ineffective at distributing significant financial resources at a community level. This process of decentralization has been supported at the highest political level among the government. Very surprisingly, the existing National Politics for Decentralization project emphasizes clearly the political decentralization and the democratization as a goal, but it gives no real account of the impact that it will have in improving people's lives, namely through the supply of better public services. The process requires human resources training, the development of information systems, a real estate registration and valuation system, a registry of people, among other aspects. It is also necessary to improve the tax collection system and the tax management, for example, the market fee, which is very likely to vary.
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LIMA, FILHO Gilvan Dias de. "Federalismo fiscal e o discrepo na descentralização da educação pública no Brasil no século XXI: evolução dos gastos e das matrículas no ensino básico e superior." www.teses.ufc.br, 2013. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/7690.
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LIMA FILHO, Gilvan Dias de. Federalismo fiscal e o discrepo na descentralização da educação pública no Brasil no século XXI: evolução dos gastos e das matrículas no ensino básico e superior. 2013. 283f. – Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza (CE), 2013.Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-03-17T11:54:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013-TESE-GDLFILHO.pdf: 6097446 bytes, checksum: 7f5ee63bc3ae992dfed6b9f34e05069d (MD5)
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The redemocratization, the economic opening and stability and the reconfigurations of state functions with duties reduction and competence rise were peremptory issues to new Brazilian federative relation implemented from the 1988-Federal-Constitution on, which was marked by the implementation of an extensive redistribution of tax funds, but, with a wide binding on the allocation of them, in addendum of states and especially the municipalities. Within this context, the present study aims to evaluate the correlation between the levels of expenses on public education in Brazil from 2000 to 2011, with quantitative equivalence of students enrolled in each governmental domain (federal, state and municipal) and in each type of education (basic education and higher education). The implemented methodology has materialized as an explicative one, for the purpose of the research, as bibliographical and documentary concerning the procedures for data collection, and concurrently qualitative and quantitative regarding how to address and answer the problem. The applied statistics were based on the use of descriptive actions, with the use of graphs, tables and measures of position. As results, it was found multiple antagonisms between the correlation of the amount of resources and the total enrollment effectuated. As an empirical fact, in 2011 the municipal sphere accounted for 52.48% of all students enrolled and 35.60% of the active volume of expenditure on education. In parallel, the federal sphere had as attribute 2.67% of students placed in public schools and universities and 24.38% of the granted income. As a result, the investment per capita per student promoted for that year, for federal level, was 13.55 times higher than for municipal level. Performing similar analogy for teaching modalities, there are similarly latent abrupt deformities. While a student enrolled in elementary school in 2011 from the federal system received annual investment equivalent to R$ 24,079.94, at the state instance amounted to R$ 3,384.85 and at the municipal instance R$ 3,189.14, representing improper distinction potentials for formation. Adding to this, as a backdrop mismatches in intergovernmental transfers made by conditional and inflexible manner and the absence of any parameter of quality in the training of students and professionals involved with education. Thus, it gets to the current conjuncture of Brazilian education, with the country showing up far to assert the principle of equal opportunities intrinsic with primary function of education and fiscal Federalism.
A redemocratização, a abertura e estabilidade econômica e a reconfiguração das funções do Estado, com redução de obrigações e ascensão de competências, foram pontos peremptórios para novas relações federativas brasileiras, implementadas a partir da Constituição Federal de 1988, que ficou marcada pela concretização de uma vasta redistribuição de recursos tributários, porém, com ampla vinculação sobre a destinação dos mesmos, em aditamento dos estados e, especialmente, dos municípios. Dentro desse contexto, o presente trabalho buscou avaliar a correspondência entre os níveis dos gastos em educação pública no Brasil no período de 2000 a 2011, com a equivalência quantitativa dos discentes matriculados em cada esfera de governo (federal, estadual e municipal) e em cada nível de ensino (educação básica e ensino superior). A metodologia implementada materializou-se como explicativa para o objetivo da pesquisa, como bibliográfica e documental quanto aos procedimentos na coleta de dados, e concomitantemente qualitativa e quantitativa quanto à forma de abordar e responder ao problema. A estatística aplicada baseou-se no emprego de ações descritivas, com o uso de gráficos, tabelas e medidas de posição. Como resultados, constataram-se múltiplos antagonismos entre a correlação do volume de recursos e o total de matrículas efetivadas. Como fato empírico, no ano de 2011 o âmbito municipal respondeu por 52,48% do total de estudantes matriculados e 35,60% do volume ativo dos gastos em educação. Em paralelo o domínio federal teve como atributo 2,67% do total de discentes inseridos nas escolas e universidades públicas e 24,38% dos proventos deferidos. Como decorrência, o investimento per capita por aluno promovido nesse ano na esfera federal foi 13,55 vezes maior que a nível municipal. Realizando analogia similar para as modalidades de ensino, ficam igualmente latentes abruptas deformidades. Enquanto o aluno matriculado no ensino fundamental no ano de 2011 da rede federal recebia investimento anual equivalente a R$ 24.079,94, na instância estadual era de R$ 3.384,85 e no âmbito municipal de R$ 3.189,14, o que representa distinções potenciais truanescas de formação. Somaram-se a isso, como cenário os descompassos nas transferências intergovernamentais realizadas de modo condicional e inflexível e a ausência de qualquer parâmetro de qualidade na formação de alunos e na capacitação dos profissionais envolvidos com o ensino. Chega-se assim a conjuntura atual da educação brasileira, com o país mostrando-se longínquo de asseverar o princípio da igualdade de oportunidades intrínseco como função precípua da educação e do Federalismo fiscal.
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Filho, Gilvan Dias de Lima. "Fiscal federalism and disagreement in the decentralization of public education in brazil in xxi century: evolution of expenditures and enrollment in basic and higher education." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=11059.
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nÃo hÃThe redemocratization, the economic opening and stability and the reconfigurations of state functions with duties reduction and competence rise were peremptory issues to new Brazilian federative relation implemented from the 1988-Federal-Constitution on, which was marked by the implementation of an extensive redistribution of tax funds, but, with a wide binding on the allocation of them, in addendum of states and especially the municipalities. Within this context, the present study aims to evaluate the correlation between the levels of expenses on public education in Brazil from 2000 to 2011, with quantitative equivalence of students enrolled in each governmental domain (federal, state and municipal) and in each type of education (basic education and higher education). The implemented methodology has materialized as an explicative one, for the purpose of the research, as bibliographical and documentary concerning the procedures for data collection, and concurrently qualitative and quantitative regarding how to address and answer the problem. The applied statistics were based on the use of descriptive actions, with the use of graphs, tables and measures of position. As results, it was found multiple antagonisms between the correlation of the amount of resources and the total enrollment effectuated. As an empirical fact, in 2011 the municipal sphere accounted for 52.48% of all students enrolled and 35.60% of the active volume of expenditure on education. In parallel, the federal sphere had as attribute 2.67% of students placed in public schools and universities and 24.38% of the granted income. As a result, the investment per capita per student promoted for that year, for federal level, was 13.55 times higher than for municipal level. Performing similar analogy for teaching modalities, there are similarly latent abrupt deformities. While a student enrolled in elementary school in 2011 from the federal system received annual investment equivalent to R$ 24,079.94, at the state instance amounted to R$ 3,384.85 and at the municipal instance R$ 3,189.14, representing improper distinction potentials for formation. Adding to this, as a backdrop mismatches in intergovernmental transfers made by conditional and inflexible manner and the absence of any parameter of quality in the training of students and professionals involved with education. Thus, it gets to the current conjuncture of Brazilian education, with the country showing up far to assert the principle of equal opportunities intrinsic with primary function of education and fiscal Federalism.
A redemocratizaÃÃo, a abertura e estabilidade econÃmica e a reconfiguraÃÃo das funÃÃes do Estado, com reduÃÃo de obrigaÃÃes e ascensÃo de competÃncias, foram pontos peremptÃrios para novas relaÃÃes federativas brasileiras, implementadas a partir da ConstituiÃÃo Federal de 1988, que ficou marcada pela concretizaÃÃo de uma vasta redistribuiÃÃo de recursos tributÃrios, porÃm, com ampla vinculaÃÃo sobre a destinaÃÃo dos mesmos, em aditamento dos estados e, especialmente, dos municÃpios. Dentro desse contexto, o presente trabalho buscou avaliar a correspondÃncia entre os nÃveis dos gastos em educaÃÃo pÃblica no Brasil no perÃodo de 2000 a 2011, com a equivalÃncia quantitativa dos discentes matriculados em cada esfera de governo (federal, estadual e municipal) e em cada nÃvel de ensino (educaÃÃo bÃsica e ensino superior). A metodologia implementada materializou-se como explicativa para o objetivo da pesquisa, como bibliogrÃfica e documental quanto aos procedimentos na coleta de dados, e concomitantemente qualitativa e quantitativa quanto à forma de abordar e responder ao problema. A estatÃstica aplicada baseou-se no emprego de aÃÃes descritivas, com o uso de grÃficos, tabelas e medidas de posiÃÃo. Como resultados, constataram-se mÃltiplos antagonismos entre a correlaÃÃo do volume de recursos e o total de matrÃculas efetivadas. Como fato empÃrico, no ano de 2011 o Ãmbito municipal respondeu por 52,48% do total de estudantes matriculados e 35,60% do volume ativo dos gastos em educaÃÃo. Em paralelo o domÃnio federal teve como atributo 2,67% do total de discentes inseridos nas escolas e universidades pÃblicas e 24,38% dos proventos deferidos. Como decorrÃncia, o investimento per capita por aluno promovido nesse ano na esfera federal foi 13,55 vezes maior que a nÃvel municipal. Realizando analogia similar para as modalidades de ensino, ficam igualmente latentes abruptas deformidades. Enquanto o aluno matriculado no ensino fundamental no ano de 2011 da rede federal recebia investimento anual equivalente a R$ 24.079,94, na instÃncia estadual era de R$ 3.384,85 e no Ãmbito municipal de R$ 3.189,14, o que representa distinÃÃes potenciais truanescas de formaÃÃo. Somaram-se a isso, como cenÃrio os descompassos nas transferÃncias intergovernamentais realizadas de modo condicional e inflexÃvel e a ausÃncia de qualquer parÃmetro de qualidade na formaÃÃo de alunos e na capacitaÃÃo dos profissionais envolvidos com o ensino. Chega-se assim a conjuntura atual da educaÃÃo brasileira, com o paÃs mostrando-se longÃnquo de asseverar o princÃpio da igualdade de oportunidades intrÃnseco como funÃÃo precÃpua da educaÃÃo e do Federalismo fiscal.
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Fagundo, Ligia Maria de Campos. "A indústria na região metropolitana de São Paulo: há um processo recente de desindustrialização?" Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2008. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/9334.
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Previous issue date: 2008-05-12This study has the main purpose of answering the central question: is there a recent process of deindustrialization on the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo? The process of investigation consists on bibliographical research, with empirical investigation supported on statistical indicators. The process of deindustrialization was analyzed theoretically, to later probe the industrial sector evolution on the RMSP. Eventually, mainly RMSP indicators of industrial output and employment were analyzed to answer the central question. The results suggests that a negative process of deindustrialization had been outlined between 80 s and 90 s basically due to the productive reorganization process, small economic growth, and high agglomeration costs faced by RMSP. However, since this decade (fist decade of 2000), the process of deindustrialization has not persisted
Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal responder a questão central: há um processo recente de desindustrialização na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo? O procedimento de pesquisa utilizado é a pesquisa bibliográfica, com investigação empírica com base em dados estatísticos. Analisou-se teoricamente o processo de desindustrialização, para em seguida investigar a evolução do setor industrial na RMSP. Por fim, analisaram-se dados principalmente do produto e emprego industrial da RMSP para responder à questão central. Os resultados sugerem que um processo de desindustrialização negativa esboçou-se entre as décadas de 80 e 90 devido basicamente ao processo de reestruturação produtiva, baixo crescimento econômico, e altos custos de aglomeração, enfrentados pela RMSP. No entanto, a partir da década atual (primeira década de 2000), o processo de desindustrialização não teve continuidade
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Santos, Fernando Burgos Pimentel dos. "A atuação dos governos locais na redução das desigualdades socioeconômicas." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/10670.
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The social situation in Brazil has improved greatly in recent years. The governmental programs and actions achieved a significant reduction in the number of people living in poverty and extreme poverty. In terms of inequality also there was decrease, but the results are not as satisfactory. Although, as will be shown in this thesis, the action of the federal government has achieved good results in recent years, the pace is still very slow against the needs for greater social justice. Thus, there remains a high degree of inequality between regions, between Brazilian states, and also between municipalities within the counties, which means that Brazilian society still coexists daily with a social gap between the richest and poorest. Despite federal policies have been essential in the process of reducing socioeconomic inequality there is no doubt that local governments (states and municipalities) must also contribute with actions and programs to reduce it. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to show how local governments, in different contexts, can formulate and implement public policies that reduce socioeconomic inequalities. Thus, municipalities will become important partners of state and federal stressing to reduce inequities in the country, contributing in the search for a more equal society. As a way to address these inequalities, this thesis proposes a new analytical model of local development policies that occur in the routine of municipalities. This is ‘local development as de-concentration’ that seeks avoid the income generated by a locality become concentrated in the hands of those who have historically been under more favorable conditions. That is not enough to increase the income of a particular locality, it is vital that this income be directed to the poorest. We divided the actions typically known as a local development in Brazil in five types, with special look on inequality: doubly concentrated, concentrated, neutral, lightly de-concentrated, strongly de-concentrated. To better understand the different possibilities of generating this ‘local development as deconcentration’, the thesis analyzes four cases of local policies implemented in three Brazilian states with different population sizes and governed by different parties, who are contributing to reducing inequalities: Cariacica (Espírito Santos), Cubatão (São Paulo), Dracena (São Paulo) e São João do Arraial (Piauí). In terms of methodology, there was documental analysis of the legal instruments that have created programs, analysis of quantitative indicators of the localities and interviews with governmental technicians, representatives of the legislative power, members of opposition parties, small entrepreneurs, traders, farmers and population general. The effects of the four cases on inequality are heterogeneous, but the results show that, at different levels, these policies have succeeded in stimulating local economic development and reduce inequalities in cities. They can therefore serve as interesting examples for reflection on the role of local governments in building a fairer society.
A situação social no Brasil melhorou bastante nos últimos anos. Os programas e ações governamentais conseguiram uma importante redução do número de pessoas que vivem em situação de pobreza e extrema pobreza. Em termos de desigualdade também houve queda, mas os resultados não são tão satisfatórios. Embora, conforme será mostrado nesta tese, a ação do governo federal tenha conseguido bons resultados nos últimos anos, o ritmo ainda é muito lento frente às necessidades de maior justiça social. Assim, continua havendo um alto grau de inequidade entre as regiões do país, entre os estados brasileiros, entre os municípios e também, dentro dos municípios, o que significa que a sociedade brasileira continua convivendo cotidianamente com um abismo social entre os mais ricos e os mais pobres. Apesar de as políticas federais terem sido fundamentais nesse processo de redução da desigualdade socioeconômica, sem dúvida os governos locais (estados e municípios) também precisam contribuir com ações e programas voltados à redução da mesma. Por isso, o objetivo desta tese é mostrar como os governos locais, em diferentes contextos, podem formular e implementar políticas públicas capazes de reduzir as desigualdades socioeconômicas. Assim, os municípios tornam-se importantes parceiros das esferas estadual e federal no esforço de diminuir as injustiças do país, contribuindo na busca por uma sociedade mais igual. Como forma de enfrentar essas desigualdades, esta tese propõe um novo modelo de análise das políticas de desenvolvimento local que ocorrem no cotidiano dos municípios brasileiros. Trata-se do desenvolvimento local desconcentrador que busca evitar que a renda gerada por uma localidade fique concentrada nas mãos daqueles que historicamente sempre estiveram em condições mais favoráveis. Ou seja, não basta incrementar a renda de uma determinada localidade; é fundamental que esta renda seja direcionada aos mais pobres. Foram divididas as ações tipicamente conhecidas como desenvolvimento local no Brasil, em cinco tipos, com olhar especial sobre a desigualdade: duplamente concentrador, concentrador, neutro, levemente desconcentrador, fortemente desconcentrador. Para compreender melhor as diferentes possibilidades de gerar esse desenvolvimento local desconcentrador, foram analisados quatro casos de políticas locais implementadas em três estados brasileiros, com distintos portes populacionais e governadas por partidos diferentes, que estão contribuindo para reduzir as desigualdades: Cariacica (Espírito Santos), Cubatão (São Paulo), Dracena (São Paulo) e São João do Arraial (Piauí). Em termos metodológicos, realizou-se análise documental dos instrumentos legais que criaram os programas, análise de indicadores quantitativos das localidades e conversas com técnicos governamentais, representantes do poder legislativo, membros dos partidos de oposição, pequenos empresários, comerciantes, agricultores familiares e população em geral. Os efeitos dos quatro casos sobre a desigualdade são heterogêneos, mas os resultados mostram que, em diferentes níveis, estas políticas têm conseguido estimular o desenvolvimento econômico local e reduzir as desigualdades nos municípios. Podem, portanto, servir de exemplos interessantes para a reflexão sobre o papel dos governos locais na construção de uma sociedade mais justa.
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Lanceron, Virginie. "La fonction de coordination en droit public." Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020074/document.
Full textAbstract:
L'étude vise à dépasser le constat paradoxal d'une notion omniprésente et pourtant inconsistante endroit public. La parcimonie des études consacrées à la coordination tranche avec les nombreuses occurrences du vocable dans les textes juridiques. Comment interpréter une telle circonspection doctrinale ? Une première réponse consiste à estimer que la coordination n'a aucune existence endroit ; une autre posture est de considérer que la coordination n'a aucune pertinence en droit. Le postulat selon lequel ces deux affirmations sont erronées constitue le point de départ d'une recherche qui a permis d'esquisser une définition fonctionnelle de la coordination : il s'agit d'un mode d'ordonnancement flexible de l'organisation, de l'action et du droit de l'Etat, congruent avec le cadre juridique pluriel et complexe actuel qui interroge les procédés classiques verticaux. Trois figures de la coordination en droit public ont été dégagées : une « coordination-integration » qui permet de préserver la cohésion de la structure administrative de l'Etat en dépit d'un phénomène de fragmentation ; une « coordination-articulation » qui recherche la cohérence de centres de décision politique dans un contexte de polycentrisme ; une « coordination-harmonisation » qui tend à la concordance de règles juridiques marquées par le pluralismeThe study aims to overcome the paradox of an omnipresent, yet inconsistent notion in Public Law.The sparsity of studies on coordination contrasts with the many occurrences of the term in the legalcorpus. How to interpret this doctrinal caution? One answer is to deem that coordination is non existentin Law; another position is to consider that coordination is irrelevant in Law. Theassumption that both statements are wrong is the starting point of this research that had led to a functional definition of coordination seen as a flexible method of ordering the State organization,action and law, congruent with the current plural and complex legal framework that query vertical legal processes. Three figures of coordination in Public Law were identified: a "coordination integration" helping to preserve the cohesion of the administrative structure of the State despite a fragmentation phenomenon; a "coordination-articulation" which seeks consistency in political decision centers in a polycentric context; "coordination-harmonization" which tends to the concordance of legal rules characterized by pluralism
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Panoi, Darunsiri. "L'ajustement du rôle du gouverneur provincial thaïlandais à la méthode de la gestion d'intégration (MGI)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1040.
Full textAbstract:
La Thaïlande est un État unitaire et depuis 1892 son administration déconcentrée est assurée par la présence de gouverneurs provinciaux. Or, malgré de nombreuses attributions législatives, l'exercice des fonctions du chef de la province se heurte à plusieurs obstacles dans la pratique. A titre d'exemple, l'unité de commandement du gouverneur provincial était souvent contestée, les pouvoirs qui lui ont été délégués par les autorités centrales étaient inappropriés tant à sa fonction qu'à ses responsabilités. Ceci était une source de lenteur de l'administration provinciale dans son ensemble. Puis, comme la province ne pouvait pas bénéficier directement du budget provenant de l'État car la demande de budget provincial était effectuée au nom de la Direction, les projets réalisés sur place ne convenaient donc pas aux besoins des habitants locaux. Enfin, l'absence de coopération entre les fonctionnaires des différents organes dans la province contribuait alors aux chevauchements des travaux de ces organes et causait par la suite une perte de temps et d'argent pour l'État. Ainsi, lors de la réforme en 2001, le gouvernement de l'époque a introduit au niveau provincial le concept du gouverneur « CEO » et la méthode de la gestion d'intégration (MGI). Le chef de la province endosse alors le rôle du Chief Executive Officer (CEO), de ce fait ses pouvoirs ont été renforcés afin qu'il puisse prendre une décision rapide et efficace en réponse aux problèmes survenus dans sa province à l'instar des CEO dans leurs entreprises. Quant à la province, elle applique la MGI qui est une nouvelle façon de travailler visant à rendre de meilleurs services rendus à la populationThailand is a unitary state and since 1892 its deconcentrated administration is ensured by the presence of provincial governors. However, despite numerous attributions recognized by the laws, the provincial governor faces several obstacles in practice. For example, his Unity of Command was often challenged, the powers delegated to him by the central authorities were not only inappropriate to his function but also to his responsibilities. This was actually a source of slowness in provincial administration. Then, because the province could not directly benefit the budget from the State, as the process of demand for provincial budget was conducted on behalf of the Department, the projects that were carried out did not necessarily match up with local's need. Finally, the lack of cooperation between officials of different organs who work in the province contributed to an overlap of works and caused thereafter a waste of time and money to the State. Therefore, during the reform in 2001, the then government introduced the concept of "CEO" provincial governor and the system of "Province's Integrated Management - PIM". The provincial governor endorses hereupon the role of Chief Executive Officer (CEO), for this reason, his powers have been reinforced so that he can make a fast and effective decision in response to problems occurring in his province like the CEOs to their companies. As for the province, the system of PIM is applied and it is a new way of working which aims to provide a better service for the population
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Mobarak, Abdelrahman Nahed Aaed. "Decentralized ministerial systems to enhance and sustain education quality : lessons learned from across borders, case studies from Indonesia, Colombia, and South Africa." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-12-4854.
Full textAbstract:
Decentralization is a prominent policy strategy for transferring power from an elite to grassroots actors or from the government to the private or nonprofit sectors. In many developing countries, decentralization has been the policy of choice for improving chronically low performing education systems.
This report examines decentralization in three developing countries; Colombia, Indonesia, and South Africa, which are seeking to address their longstanding educational problems. The case studies suggest that effective decentralization depends on creating a clear and measurable vision and a robust strategic plan to achieve it. The studies further revealed the importance of community participation in active school governance, which led to practical solutions to school financial and administrative problems.
This research is an attempt to pay attention to problems that could be raised during the journey of policy implementation, as well as to offer guidelines for effective, sustainable change. The discrepancy between policy and practice is a great dilemma, as Cohen said, particularly with the lack of sufficient experience in implementing the new political movements such as decentralization. This report seeks to identify the key components of an effective decentralization plan by tracing the successes and shortcomings of the three case studies. It concludes that a successful education system not only needs a clear vision and effective community participation but also an effective and practical organizational transformation to achieve progress in implementing decentralization. Changes in the educational hierarchy should occur at both the local level and the central level, and should entail more than just a change in the names of positions without changing the tasks themselves.text
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Himuhanga, Francisco Ndawanapo Tamuti. "Formação profisional e a sua relevânica nas futuras autarquias em Angola: estudo exploratório." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/21547.
Full textAbstract:
Este trabalho tem como objectivo central fazer uma análise de “um estudo exploratório sobre a formação profissional e sua relevância nas futuras autarquias em Angola”, sendo um país em franco desenvolvimento e com o desafio de conseguir colocar a formação na órbita das grandes preocupações dos decisores sobre o futuro da administração local e, ao mesmo tempo, oferecer quadros ao mercado de trabalho que, por terem sido treinados pelas instituições de formação, sejam reconhecidos como tendo valor acrescentado. Procurou-se com o presente trabalho apresentar teorias sobre a formação profissional e seu historial, bem como fazer a comparação dos processos de aquisição e inculcação de conhecimentos. O estudo faz ainda a análise da evolução da formação profissional na administração de Angola por períodos administrativos. Em termos das autarquias, o estudo visou uma perspectiva da evolução do processo de Desconcentração e Descentralização em curso no país desde 2001. Foi privilegiado o inquérito por questionário aberto junto aos funcionários do Instituto de Formação da Administração Local (IFAL) por ser o instituto afecto à formação dos quadros que integram a administração local do Estado.This work has as main objective to make an analysis of “an exploratory study on vocational training and its relevance in the future authorities in Angola”, being a country in full development and challenges of getting put training in the orbit of the major concerns of decision-makers on the future the local administration and at the same time providing the labor market tables for having been trained by training institutions, are recognized as having added value. We tried to work with these present theories on vocational training and its history as well as making a comparison of the processes of acquisition and inculcation of knowledge. The study also makes analysis of the development of vocational training in the administration of Angola by administrative periods. In terms of municipalities, this study involved a perspective of the evolution of devolution and decentralization process underway in the country since 2001. He was privileged inquiry by open questionnaire, with employees of the Local Administration Training Institute (IFAL) for being the affection Institute the formation of the tables that make up the local State administration.
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Gandu, Alberto Francisco Sacalucango. "Os cidadãos face a modernização dos serviços de emissão de identificação civil e constituição de empresa: estudo de caso do município de Luanda." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/5558.
Full textAbstract:
A modernização da Administração Pública nas sociedades modernas afigura-se inevitável. Contudo, não se pode falar dela sem que se fale da metamorfose do próprio Estado através da qual, por força da dinâmica social foi adaptando a sua máquina às exigências dos cidadãos.
Em Angola, a modernização os serviços de identificação civil e criminal e constituição de empresa, resultam do processo da transformação do Estado angolano ante o status quo do seu tecido social, à luz do qual as transições de um sistema político ao outro foi sendo igualmente acompanhado por um modelo de Administração. Dado que é impensável modernizar a Administração Pública sem modernizar o próprio Estado.
O presente trabalho sobre modernização dos serviços de emissão de bilhete de identidade, certificado de registo criminal e constituição de empresa, no município de Luanda, visa essencialmente medir o grau de satisfação dos cidadãos em relação as medidas de reformas adotadas com vista a aproximação dos cidadãos à Administração Pública, na construção de uma Administração voltada para os cidadãos. Assente na eficácia, eficiência, transparência e na prestação de um serviço de qualidade aos usuários, utentes, clientes, parceiros da máquina Estatal, os cidadãos. A mensuração do grau de satisfação norteámo-lo à luz do nosso modelo de análise, validado sob autoridade do posicionamento dos inquiridos em situação real de atendimento dos serviços em estudo.The modernization of Public Administration in modern societies seems inevitable. However, we cannot talk about it without mentioning the metamorphosis of the state which due to the pressures of social dynamics its machinery accommodates itself to the demands of its citizens. The modernization, criminal and civil identification and enterprise building services in Angola, are the result of the transformation of the Angola State before the status quo of its social fabric whose enlightment equally accompanies the transitions from one political system to another. Thus it is unthinkable the modernization of the Public Administration without the modernization of the State. The present task on the modernization of the identity cards issuing, criminal record certificates and enterprise building in the municipality of Luanda aims essentially at measuring the citizens' level of satisfaction in relation to the adopted reform measures in view of approaching citizens to the Public Administration. Serving people is based on the effectiveness, efficiency and transparency in the delivery of quality service to the users, usuaries, clients and partners of the state machinery who are the citizens. The measurement of level of satisfaction is oriented according to the light which our model analysis validates by the authority positioning of the inquested in real life of office service in study.
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Ambrósio, Hamilton Txicolassonhi Joaquim. "Estudo da motivação na administração pública de Angola - Estudo do município de Saurimo." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/8592.
Full textAbstract:
O Município de Saurimo integra o conjunto dos quatros Municípios que a Província da Lunda-Sul possui, tendo a sua localização na parte leste do Território Nacional do País. O Estado angolano é visto nos dias de hoje como um País em fase de crescimento a nível económico, social e político, tendo em conta o clima de paz e de estabilidade que o País vive, após o fim da guerra civil em 2002.
A motivação é, hoje, o objeto de estudo de muitos, tantos os estudiosos como os gestores das instituições públicas e privadas. É um facto que a motivação constitui uma das preocupações dos gestores desde sempre. Para estes, saber gerir e motivar as suas equipas é sinónimo de conseguir alcançar vantagens competitivas e desempenhos acima da média.
Este trabalho visa analisar os aspetos motivacionais na administração Pública de Angola, em particular na Administração do Município de Saurimo.
Concluímos que, a Administração do Município de Saurimo, deve valorizar as relações afetivas e emocionais de seus trabalhadores, através da motivação e das relações interpessoais entre o topo e a base.The city of Saurimo include all the four municipalities that Lunda Sul Province has, with its location in the eastern part of the National Country Territory. The Angolan State is seen today as a country in growing the level economic, social and political, given the climate of peace and stability that the country is experiencing after the end of the civil war in 2002. Motivation is now the object of study of many, many scholars and managers of public and private institutions. It is a fact that motivation is one of the concerns of managers forever. For them, know how to manage and motivate their teams is synonymous with achieving competitive advantages and above average performance. This work aims to analyze the motivational aspects in Public Administration of Angola, particularly in the Administration of the city of Saurimo. We conclude that the Administration of the City of Saurimo, should value the affective and emotional relations of its employees through motivation and interpersonal relations between the top and the base.
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Hambrick, Marcie. "Public Housing Relocation and Utilization of the Food Safety Net: The Role of Social Capital and Cultural Capital." 2016. http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/sociology_diss/88.
Full textAbstract:
HOPE VI, instituted in 1993 and subsequent related policies, resulted in the demolition of traditional public housing and the relocation of former residents. For former residents living on low incomes, combining housing subsidy and other social services is important to survival. One crucial type of social services support provides food supplements. Research indicates that among low-income families, many do not receive necessary food social services. For example, among eligibles, food stamp utilization is at 50 to 60%, and for Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women Infants and Children (WIC) rates vary from 38 to 73%. Research indicates that 35% of food insecure older adults are ineligible for the Elder Nutrition Program, and approximately 60% of eligibles are wait-listed upon application. Social services utilization patterns among eligibles are affected by neighborhood contexts. Relocation due to public housing transformation policies has been shown to change neighborhood context. This in turn has affected former public housing resident’s cultural capital and social capital. But how this affects food social services utilization has not been studied. I use Klinenberg’s (2002) activist client thesis as a framework to investigate the effect of cultural capital and social capital for housing subsidy recipients (relocated public housing residents) in Atlanta on their utilization of food social services using secondary longitudinal data from the Georgia State University Urban Health Initiative analyzed using ordered logistic regression. Most specifically, my research investigated how varying neighborhood contexts affect food social services utilization for former public housing residents in Atlanta. This research informs public policy on the provision of housing subsidy and the provision of food social services.
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Pinho, Luis Filipe Fronteira. "A descentralização de atribuições e competências para as autarquias locais em matéria de educação." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/23455.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de mestrado em Administração Pública – Gestão PúblicaA nova realidade da gestão administrativa do ensino não superior, ao nível das autarquias locais, bem como a continuidade da resolução dos problemas e a redução das diversas assimetrias que subsistem na prestação do serviço educativo, resultam da opção política do Governo e do profundo conhecimento no terreno das autarquias. Daí a contínua descentralização de atribuições e competências para a Administração Local, considerando a educação como fator insubstituível de democracia e desenvolvimento. É neste contexto que, globalmente, as autarquias vêm assumindo um maior espaço de manobra e uma intervenção crescente. No entanto, as diversas desigualdades de todo o tipo existentes entre municípios e, até, entre freguesias do mesmo município, aconselham alguma prudência no estabelecimento de conclusões gerais acerca do papel atual das autarquias na satisfação das necessidades e complexas exigências da educação local. Por outro lado, traduz-se na adoção de práticas que visem obter avanços claros e sustentados na organização dos recursos educativos, na qualidade das aprendizagens e na oferta de novas oportunidades a todos os cidadãos para desenvolverem os seus níveis e perfis de formação. Face a tais mudanças, é necessário compreender como é que as autarquias se reorganizaram para dar resposta a esta devolução de competências. Por outras palavras, é imprescindível investigar se estas se encontram devidamente apetrechadas de adequados recursos técnicos, humanos, materiais e financeiros, capazes de articular eficazmente e eficientemente tais atribuições e competências no seio da comunidade escolar. É sobre esta realidade, nomeadamente sobre o caso do município de Terras de Bouro e a comunidade educativa local, que versa esta investigação.
The new management tasks associated with non-higher education at the local level and the continuity of problem-solving and reduction of asymmetries in the provision of educational services results from both national government policies and deep knowledge of local education activities by the municipal government. Hence, the continuing decentralization of functions and powers to local authorities underlines the idea of education as an irreplaceable factor of democracy and development. It is in this context that local governments are assuming greater leeway and increasing intervention. However, the various inequalities of all kinds between cities and even between parishes within the same municipality require some caution in establishing general conclusions about the current role of local authorities in meeting the complex needs and demands of local education. On the other hand, it translates into the adoption of practices designed to obtain clear and sustained improvements in the organization of educational resources, the quality of learning and offer new opportunities for all citizens to develop their profiles and levels of training. Given these changes, it is necessary to understand how Portuguese Municipalities have reorganized to respond to this devolution of powers in the field of education. It is essential to investigate whether they are properly equipped with technical, human, material, and financial resources and able to articulate effectively and efficiently such duties and responsibilities within the school community. This dissertation addresses this reality with a case study in the Municipality of Terras de Bouro and its local educational community.
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Taole, Elias Khethisa. "Phenomenological investigation into the decentralisation of primary health care services in Bophirima District, Northwest Province." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4911.
Full textAbstract:
Since 1994 a number of health reforms took place in furthering democracy. These changes included the decentralisation of Primary Health Care Services. This study is a phenomenological research that chronicles the Primary Health Care decentralisation experiences in the Bophirima District of the North-West Province.
Using a descriptive phenomenological orientation, the purpose of this study was to describe the experiences of participants associated with decentralisation in the Bophirima District. Also, to illustrate how the participants perceive these experiences in relation to Primary Health Care services. Furthermore, to provide scientific evidence regarding factors related to the decentralisation of PHC services in the Bophirima District. These and other issues remain of paramount importance given the current state of health care in the South Africa.
This study took place in the outskirts of the semi-rural area of Bophirima and Central District in the North-West Province. The investigation followed qualitative research design that was descriptive, exploratory, contextual and phenomenological in nature. The sampling procedure involved non-probability purposive, sampling technique with a sample size of five participants. Data was collected by using an unstructured interview technique. The modified Giorgi method of analysis was used for qualitative data analysis. These are contained in Burns and Grove (2001:596) and Polit and Beck (2004:394) are fully explicated in Chapter Four.
Guba model (in Babbie & Mouton, 2001:180) was utilised to ensure the trustworthiness of the study. Ethical requirements were considered throughout and these are reflected in chapter four of the thesis.Three forms of decentralisation: deconcentration, delegation and devolution were identified in the findings. The investigation further indicated that the integration of primary health care services was also underway at the time of decentralisation. This integration triggered different psychological and emotional states amongst research participants. Most importantly, the research revealed that the interest of leadership across three spheres of government played a key role in the decentralisation of PHCs and integration of PHCs, while highlighting the importance of community participation in health service delivery (CP). In conclusion, the decentralisation process was generally perceived as empowering although, nationally, leadership needs to be strengthened to support provinces and districts regarding major policy issues such decentralisation. Key recommendations were made and further research was suggested.Health Studies
D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)
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Marques, Hermínio Alexandre Ribeiro da Cunha. "Administração das escolas: órgão de gestão unipessoal ou colegial?" Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/6076.
Full textAbstract:
O presente estudo centra-se na temática das políticas de administração escolar da
escola pública portuguesa, particularmente na problemática da gestão executiva da escola,
que poderá ser promovida através de um órgão colegial ou, como se verifica atualmente,
através de um órgão unipessoal, tendo como objetivo conhecer a visão dos professores e
diretores sobre este assunto.
Começamos, na primeira parte desta dissertação, por introduzir conceitos gerais
de administração, com enfoque na administração escolar. Num ponto dedicado à teoria
das administrações, apresentamos um conjunto de modelos de organização que julgamos
serem identificáveis na atual direção e gestão das escolas. Esta análise será ainda
conjugada com a revisão teórica da evolução dos modelos de administração escolar, desde
os finais da década de 40 do século passado até o atual regime jurídico da autonomia,
administração e gestão das escolas, implementado pelo DL n.º 75/2008, na sua redação
atual. Neste contexto ainda, damos destaque à Lei de Bases do Sistema Educativo,
instruída em 1986, e às garantias dadas pela Constituição da República Portuguesa (CRP),
aprovada no dia 25 de abril de 1976.
Dada a existência de uma relação intrínseca entre democracia e educação, o nosso
estudo alicerça-se no ideário da "gestão democrática da escola", no que tange à
participação da comunidade educativa alargada.
Numa segunda parte deste trabalho, apresentamos um enquadramento empírico
que visa buscar uma resposta para a pergunta colocada inicialmente: Qual o modelo de
gestão escolar que melhor se adequa ao sistema educativo português – o unipessoal ou o
colegial? Para o efeito, utilizamos o método de pesquisa explicativa, assente na recolha
de dados efetuada com base num inquérito por questionário online, destinado a docentes
e a diretores. O tratamento estatístico dos dados permitiu-nos chegar a conclusões sobre
a importância da colegialidade nos órgãos de administração escolar e à definição de um
conjunto de sugestões relacionadas com os limites materiais para a elaboração ou revisão
legislativa do regime jurídico da autonomia, administração e gestão das escolas.
Como sugestões de futuras investigações, apontámos a questão da
descentralização (e não desconcentração) da administração escolar.The present study focusses on the central theme of school administration policies within the Portuguese public school system, and particularly on the problematic executive management of schools, which can be a multi-member system or, what we most commonly see today, a single-member body system, with the aim to learn how teachers and directors feel about this subject. In the first part of the dissertation, we begin by introducing the general administration concepts, with an emphasis on school administration. In the section dedicated to the theory of administrations, we present a set of organisational models, which we believe can be identified in the current school leadership and management. This analysis will be complemented with the revision of the theoretical evolution of the school administration models, since the end of the 40s of the last century until the current legal regime of autonomy, administration and management of schools, implemented by DL nº 75/2008, in its current form. In this context, there is also a focus on the ‘Lei de Bases do Sistema Educativo’, which is the underpinning legal basis of the education system, instructed in 1986, and the guarantees given by the Constitution of the Portuguese Republic, approved on the 25 Abril 1976. Given the existence of an intrinsic relationship between democracy and education, this study is based on the ideology of the ‘democratic management of a school’, in what concerns the participation of the greater educational community. In the second part of this work, there is an empirical framework, which aims to find an answer to the initial question: Which is the best school management model which best fits the Portuguese educational system – the single-member or the multi-member model? For this purpose, we used exploratory research, which comprised a collection of data from an online questionnaire sent to teachers and directors. The statistical analysis of the data allowed us to reach some important conclusions concerning the importance of a multi-member system in the school administration sectors and the definition of several suggestions related to the material limits for the elaboration or revision of the legal regime of autonomy, school administration and management. Suggested future investigations is the issue of decentralisation (and not deconcentration) of the school administration system.