Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'DÉCOUPE'
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Song, Xiang. "Problèmes de découpe : études et applications." Troyes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TROY0019.
Full textThis thesis develops and investigates heuristic approaches to classical and practical Cutting Stock problems. In the one-dimensional knapsack problem (1DKP), we develop a hill climbing method, with high approximation ration and relatively low computational complexity in solving the 1DKP of special data structure. In the 2DKP, a heuristic dynamic-programming method is proposed for solving efficiently an unconstrained non-staged 2D knapsack problem. Compared to the traditional dynamic programming approach, the algorithm gives a high percentage of optimal solutions (93%) with a much lower computation complexity. We also solve a real life one-dimensional cutting stock problem (1DCSP) proposed by a factory in Macao. We developed an incompletely enumerative algorithm to solve the problem. Some theoretical analyses are made and results show that this algorithm is satisfactory. Finally, an iterative sequential heuristic procedure (SHP) is developed to solve the general real-life 1. 5DCSP. An SHP algorithm is used firstly to generate a feasible solution to the general problem. Then the SHP is improved into an iterative SHP, in which different structures for a single cutting pattern are obtained by adjusting four adjustable parameters given in the SHP
Weiss, Laurent. "Contribution au développement d'un procédé de découpe laser haute-énergie / jet d'eau haute-pression couplés : Application à la découpe d'alliages métalliques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0112/document.
Full textFor a decade, the hybrid jet cutting where a water jet acts as waveguide for the laser has been successfully used in the field of microelectronics. To develop this technology and bring it up to other markets such as automotive, boiler or aerospace, it is necessary to increase both the laser energy and the water jet pressure. At these high energy levels, new interactions that occur between light and fluid as well as the material changes caused by the hybrid jet have never been studied from a physicochemical point of view. So, at first, we have devised a system allowing measurements of optical properties of water at high pressure with a possible direct application in optical sensor for fluid pressure. In an original way, this work has allowed us to measure the refractive index and polarizability of water up to 250 MPa and model their evolution using Tait, Sellmeier and Lorentz-Lorenz equations, respectively. A direct result of this study is the creation of a model linking directly the fluid density to the measurement of its refractive index. Following these developments and after hydrodynamics simulations, we have designed a specific head for coupling a high power laser guided by high pressure water jet. Then we have tested various head types allowing the coupling of a new generation hybrid jet. In the same time, we have studied the physicochemical impact of decoupled hybrid jet where the laser and water jet are both focused, for cutting, at the surface of 301L steel and titanium alloy TA6V samples. The analysis have been done by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy coupled with EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy) analysis and the crystallographic orientation (EBSD) analysis. During cutting, a phase transformation and an oxidized layer appear on the surface of the samples. We have shown in particular that these oxide layers and cutting residues are mainly composed of magnetite (Fe3O4) and rutile (TiO2)
Saadi, Toufik. "Résolution séquentielles et parallèles des problèmes de découpe / placement." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00354737.
Full textBousquet, Guillaume. "Déformation et découpe interactive de solides à géométrie complexe." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00877898.
Full textRousseau, Pierre. "Découpe de programmes concurrents en vue de leur vérification." Paris, CNAM, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CNAM0544.
Full textTo analyse concurrent programs by using a formal model from which the whole states space is generated requires to deal with the combinatory explosion of the states space size. Quasar is an automatic tool which aims to do it at different level of its analysis process. First the program is reduced by preserving only the elements related to the studied property, then the progam is translated into a formal model (Petri net) and then analyzed by model-checking. This thesis first gives an overview of existing program slicing technics, the program reduction technic used by Quasar. Then a new approach for concurrent program slicing and the tool performing it are presented. The last part of the thesis presents the techniques used to translate a program, reduced or not, into Petri net
Saadi, Toufik. "Résolution séquentielle et parallèle des problèmes de découpe-placement." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010047.
Full textGalasso, Gil. "L’art de la découpe à table : trajectoires 1700 - 2017." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BOR30020.
Full textThe carving tableside of meats, fishes and fruits, dedicated to kings and nobility in past centuries and demonstrated today in some traditional restaurants, is part of the history of gastronomy, as well as food history. Regarded as a technic or a science, or even as an art, this practice already present in a ritualized form in many mythological texts and founding legends, has undergone major changes in history. From the Middle Ages, it has moved away from the butchery techniques to get an artistic dimension. Since the Renaissance era to the eighteenth century, poultry and other meats are carved by real specialists called carving horsemen, who perform gestures imbued with elegance, like the « flying cut » (cutting the meat held in the air on top of a fork). From the eighteenth century, the cut must adapt to social changes at the end of the Old Regime in France, the first major carving art revolution follows radical changes in the way of designing food platers by chefs, then with the appearance of the russian service largely influenced by Marie-Antoine Carême and Urbain Dubois. The roast becomes the center of the meal. Subsequently, several social, cultural and professional changes will take place in the carving history : the popularization of winter sports that will mark the decline of carving station, the Godart law (July 1933), that legislates control of the distribution of tips and will crystallize the famous kitchen/waiting struggle, and finally the « commandments of Nouvelle Cuisine » led by Christian Millau and Henri Gault (1973) which impose the generalization of the plated service and render obsolete the ancient science of the maitre d’. But cutting practices is also found in the family home. Extensive litterature demonstrate how to thread meat and fish for domestic use. Fathers, called amphitryons in France, possess and transmit this knowledge during family gatherings. Traditionally, if the housewife officiates in the kitchen, the father manages, in addition to drinks, the cuts of poultry and legs of lamb. But since the mid-twentieth century, we must recognize that these uses are declining. Still, the art of cutting survived in the technical way, in some restaurants and hospitality schools, where it is subject of heated debate between teachers and professionals, replaying in their own way the quarrel of the Ancients and the Moderns. French restaurants, currently in great difficulty and in search of direction, have probably much to gain from a reflection on the return of threads and cut in front of customers. It would find, in our view, deep roots authenticity in this beginning of the 21st century
Mas, Cédric. "Modélisation physique du procédé de découpe de métaux par laser." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003252.
Full textCaron, Philippe. "LDU un logiciel d'optimisation pour le problème de découpe unidimensionnelle." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2002. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4498.
Full textBacha, Alexis. "Découpe de tôles en alliages d'aluminium : analyse physique et mécanique." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EMSE0003.
Full textDuring press trimming process of sheet metal, some aluminium alloys are subject to the problem of sliver production under inappropriate settings of cutting parameters. This thesis describes first the mechanism of sliver generation. In practice, this mechanism depends on geometrical process parameters like clearance, blade radius, cutting angle, sheet thickness, and scrap holder but also on the cut material. However, these experimental trends and their interactions are complex and a numerical model of the process has been developed to quantify the phenomenon. It consists of a micro-mechanical model for the prediction of crack initiation and a macroscopic crack bifurcation model for the prediction of crack trajectory. Finally, the numerical cutting surfaces for miscellaneous process parameters are successfully confronted with experimental cross sections of the sheet
Vezina, Nicole. "Le travail en ambiance froide dans la découpe de volailles." Paris 13, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA131002.
Full textThe principal means of conserving the quality of food in the food processing industry is to maintain the work environment at cold temperatures. Chronic cold discomfort reported by women cutting up poultry on a production line in a slaughterhouse in bretagne, france, led to the present study, whose objectives were : 1) to determine the degree of chilling of hands and body; 2) to examine the relationship between chilling and work activity. Skin temperature of the left index finger and the oral temperature of sixteen of these women workers were recorded over 2 days' work, at each of the six work stations occupied on a rotational basis on the production line. Finger temperatures were measured every minute, oral temperatures periodically. Work organisation and work activity were analysed within the framework of ergonomic analysis; ambient temperature was recorded. The results show that oral and hand temperatures differed significantly with workstation and the time of the day. Some workstations were particularly chilling and brought index finger temperatures down as low as 5. 6 c. The workers' average finger temperature increased significantly during the work day while the average oral temperature decreased. These findings suggest that cold-induced vasodilatation as indicated by the left fingers' variation in temperature, results in warming the fingers at the expense of internal (oral) temperature, particularly at workstations where the workers' fingers are more active. Analysis of work activity at the various ststions suggest that a series of factors may be associated with a reduction in finger and oral temperature : length of time spent handling the chicken; sedentary position; short warming-up periods; hand chicken surface area of contact. An interview administered questionnaire on health symptoms provided information on possible long-term health problems associated with chilling. These findings underline the necessity of 1) rethinking work organization in refrigerated work places, particularly when there is repetitive chain work, 2) developping methods whereby poultry could be chilled without overcooling workers
Freton, Pierre. "Etude d'un arc de découpe par plasma d'oxygène : modélisation - expérience." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30166.
Full textBen, Messaoud Saïd. "Caractérisation, modélisation et algorithmes pour des problèmes de découpe guillotine." Troyes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TROY0006.
Full textThis thesis focuses on a two-dimensional cutting stock problem where guillotine constraint is required. Despite the fact that guillotine constraint was introduced at the very beginning of the cutting stock and bin packing research, no mathematical definition has been given. Then the purpose of the thesis is to characterize and model the guillotine constraint and to propose efficient algorithms to solve variants of the two-dimensional cutting stock. We first give a necessary and sufficient condition for a cutting pattern to be guillotine. And consequently we propose a polynomial algorithm to check this condition for any given pattern. Then we give a linear program that describes explicitly the guillotine constraint by means of the previous condition. Thereafter, we are interested in strip packing problem which consists of packing rectangular items of predetermined sizes into a strip of fixed width and infinite height. The aim is to find cutting pattern that minimizes the total height used and where guillotine constraint is required. Two constructive heuristics are proposed and tested on a great number of instances. The originality lies in the way of filling the shelves and of determining their heights. In the last part, we deal with a variant of the two-dimensional cutting stock, in which, we have an infinite number of rectangular sheets of raw material having identical width. The aim is to cut off a given set of items while minimizing the waste. One of the heuristics proposed previously was generalized and tested on a great number of instances
Rouault, de Coligny Pierre. "Analyse et optimisation du procédé de découpe de plaques de silicium." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006493.
Full textUne étude bibliographique associée à l?observation des plaques brutes montre que le sciage à fil produit de l?abrasion trois corps et que l?enlèvement de matière se fait de manière ductile par formation de micro-copeaux. La profondeur d?indentation à laquelle se produit la transition ductile-fragile mise en évidence par l?étude bibliographique n?est donc pas franchie. L?abrasion produite peut être décrite par la loi classique d?Archard. La profondeur de la zone endommagée par la découpe a été estimée à 2,5 µm.
Une étude thermique a montré que la température de la découpe ne dépasse pas 50°C environ et qu?elle dépend de la capacité d?évacuation de la chaleur par le fil. L?analyse des défauts des plaques a permis d?identifier leur origine et de dégager des solutions. La mesure de l?usure du fil a montré que la réduction de son diamètre n?est envisageable que si son régime de défilement est rendu continu. Le gain de silicium, d?énergie sur plusieurs plans et l?amélioration de l?état de surface des plaques plaident également pour la suppression du régime alternatif (back & forth). Le recyclage de l?abrasif est envisageable, nous avons montré que son efficacité n?est en effet pas affectée par la découpe.
Un dispositif de simulation tribologique a été mis en place, il permet d?étudier l?abrasion du silicium dans les mêmes conditions que dans le sciage à fil. Un modèle mécanique reliant la courbure du fil aux paramètres issus du sciage et de la tribologie permet de prédire la hauteur de la nappe de fil, sa flèche en régime transitoire et permanent, la pression de contact et l?usure du fil.
Une simulation numérique de l?enlèvement de matière par des essais de rayure bidimensionnels a été réalisée. La concordance des ordres de grandeurs des constantes de vitesse d?usure obtenues par ce biais, par la simulation tribologique et par la déduction des mesures effectuées sur le procédé valide cette démarche. Elle a permis de dégager des orientations qui permettront de rendre la découpe plus performante en modifiant les abrasifs et le fluide.
Blanchette, Carl. "Nouvelles formulations et algorithmes inédits pour le problème de découpe bidimentionnelle." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2004. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4633.
Full textOkat, Abderrahmane. "Contribution à la conduite d'une cellule flexible de découpe au laser." Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10112.
Full textDraou, Abderahmène. "Outils d'aide au placement sous contrainte : Application à la confection." Valenciennes, 1986. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/491efc9d-18b8-488b-9a1d-836428354081.
Full textCosson-Coche, Quentin. "Etude de la découpe de matériau en feuille souple par lame vibrante." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0020/document.
Full textDue to the wide variety of fabrics, all with different mechanical characteristics, there are few studies dealing with the question of cutting fabrics.In this thesis, we model the multi-ply cutting process using a reciprocating knife in an industrial context.In this study, a textile cutting machine is instrumented with different sensors, to measure the influence of cutting forces on the quality of the resulting profiles. Using this equipment, cutting forces can be analyzed experimentally while the fabric is being cut along a straight line.Next, a model of the physical phenomena of these forces is proposed, taking different parameters into account such as the geometry of the knife, the properties of the material being cut and the parameters of the cut
Dalloz, Alexandre. "Étude de l'endommagement par la découpe des aciers dual phase pour application automobile." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00260080.
Full textUn premier travail d'observation et de caractérisation (MEB, microdureté, essais mécaniques...), a été effectué de manière à mettre en évidence les effets de la découpe à la cisaille sur la microstructure et les propriétés mécaniques des tôles. Ces résultats révèlent l'existence d'une zone affectée par la découpe qui s'étend sur environ 200 μm. Cette zone se caractérise par un écrouissage et une déformation microstructurale importants. Cette déformation conduit localement à la décohésion des phases ferritique et martensitique.
La formation de cette zone en cours de découpe a été étudiée à travers deux approches distinctes : d'une part, le développement d'un montage de cisaille instrumentée permettant d'observer l'évolution de la microstructure, et, d'autre part, la simulation numérique du procédé qui donne accès aux grandeurs mécaniques locales dans la tôle. Il apparait que l'endommagement et la rupture de l'acier sont pilotés par la décohésion des interfaces ferrite-martensite, elle-même fortement dépendante de
l'état de triaxialité des contraintes.
L'étude du comportement des bords découpés, au cours de sollicitations postérieures à la découpe, a permis de confirmer l'amorçage rapide des fissures dans la zone affectée par la découpe et l'impact direct de la taille de cette dernière sur la perte de ductilité des pièces découpées.
Enfin, de nombreux traitements thermiques, appliqués à une nuance sélectionnée, ont permis de désigner deux voies distinctes d'amélioration du comportement des nuances dual phase face à la découpe: d'une part la transformation d'une troisième phase lors du recuit, d'autre part le rééquilibrage des propriétés au sein de la microstructure par l'application d'un traitement de revenu.
Khebbache, Selma. "Les problèmes de découpe et de placement à deux dimensions et leurs applications." Troyes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TROY0020.
Full textThis thesis focuses on two-dimensional cutting and packing problems and on vehicle routing problems with time windows, taking into ac-count the placement of objects in the vehicle. In the first part of this work, we propose a method of Iterative Local Search (ILS) for the two-dimensional non-guillotine cutting problem. This problem consists in cutting a set of pieces from a large rectangle in order to maximize the total profit of cut pieces. This method is based on three procedures: constructive algorithm, perturbation procedure and finally a local search procedure. The second part of this thesis concerns vehicle routing problem with time windows and loading. This problem consist in determining a set of trips to deliver rectangular items for a set of customers with respect of time windows using a set of vehicles It must exist a feasible loading of items in each vehicle. To solve this problem, we use two approaches. First, we proposed a mono-objective approach in which six heuristics and a metaheuristic are proposed. Secondly, we are interested in a multiobjective approach where two objectives are considered: the minimization of the total traveled distance and the minimization of the number of vehicles. To solve this problem, we have proposed a multiobjective genetic algorithm (NSGA-II)
Haddadou, Nawel. "Contribution à la résolution parallèle et séquentielle des problèmes combinatoires : découpe et placement." Amiens, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AMIE0107.
Full textIn this thesis, we focus on the cutting stock problem and container loading problem. They arise mainly in industry and transportation. We propose new serial and parallel approximate heuristics. Initially, we propose a sequential heuristic based on a procedure for generating strips and a beam search technique. Next, we discuss a method based on branch and bound algorithm and a procedure for construction by stacks. These methods are then hybridized to solve the cutting stock problem. In a second time, we rely on the parallel methods to solve the cutting problem. We propose a parallel peer to peer method. Finally, we address the container loading problem, we present an approximate sequential method and a parallel methods to solve the prob lem. The proposed methods are compared to the results provided by other algorithms of the literature. They are analyzed computationally on a set of hard instances of the literature and on a group of random generated instances with large size
Ygorra, Stéphane. "Commande robuste à modèles de référence multiples : application à une table de découpe." Bordeaux 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR10513.
Full textDalloz, Alexandre. "Etude de l’endommagement par la découpe des aciers dual phase pour application automobile." Paris, ENMP, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENMP1502.
Full textIn order to optimize the metallurgical quality of future dual phase steels, the present study aims at a better understanding of the formation of the cut edge damage induced by shearing. Observations and characterizations revealed the existence of a highly deformed area in the vicinity of the cut edges. This region of 200 µm is defined as the cutting affected zone. In addition to deformation, its microstructure presents voids, initiated at ferrite-martensite boundaries. The formation of this zone during the cutting process was studied through two complementary approaches: first, the use of an especially designed testing device that allows precise interruption of the cutting process, then, the simulation of the process by finite elements methods. The damage and the fracture of the sheets appeared to be controlled by the voids formation at the phases boundaries and thus by the stress triaxiality ratio. The study of the cut edge behaviour under loading showed the rapid initiation of small cracks in the cutting affected zone. The direct impact of these cracks on the sheets ductility was also highlighted. Finally, two heat treatments that limit the ductility loss induced by cutting were proposed: one by the formation of a third phase during cooling and the other by offering better mechanical properties around phases boundaries
Mendoza, Serrano César Augusto. "Interactions en temps réel de tissu mou avec découpe 3D et retour d'effort." Grenoble INPG, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPG0035.
Full textVakilinejad, Mohammad. "Amélioration de la précision des robots industriels pour la découpe de matériaux composites." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENAM0071.
Full textThe involvement of industrial robotic arms in different manufacturing applications is going through an ever-changing era. These devices which were once only used in applications based on their acceptable repeatability are now taking place of dexterous human operators or rigid machining devices in high precision manufacturing tasks. However, the inherited shortcomings of these structures require further investigations to ensure acceptable performance. In this thesis, efforts were dedicated firstly to observe the contribution of different error sources in robotic involved manufacturing. The main contributors to the robot inaccuracy were investigated for identification and compensation processes. An elastostatic model of an industrial robot is generated. A novel method in identifying joint transmission errors is addressed capable of massively reducing the identification time. To enhance the workpiece quality in robotic-based honeycomb ultrasonic machining process, a new approach to integrate tool compliance behaviour with the one of robot structure is proposed. A detailed procedure of developing the machining force model and geometrical error measurement is also presented for this machining process. To reduce the effect of non-geometrical error sources, an optimization process is executed for optimal placement of workpiece in robot workspace
Giovannacci, Inès. "Origine des listeria monocytogenes et salmonella présentes sur les produits de découpe de porc." Brest, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BRES2045.
Full textBernard, Aurélien. "Interaction laser femtoseconde et tissu cornéen : application à la découpe des greffons cornéens humains." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STET011T.
Full textPosterior lamellar graft, also named endothelial graft, consist in a replacement of a defective corneal endothelium by a healthy one take on a deceased donor. The epithelial and stromal layers of the patient stay untouched. A critical step of this technic is the preparation of the lamellar graft. Femtosecond lasers are better in comparison with microkeratome for low depth lamellar cut. However, femtosecond high depth corneal lamellar cuts show disappointing results. The aim of this thesis is to study and optimize corneal endothelial lamellar cuts, realized by microkeratome and femtosecond laser. Development of a corneal bioreactor and improve of corneal endothelial viability assessment are necessary for the realization of these objectives
Ben, Ismail Anis. "Modélisation de la découpe des tôles ferromagnétiques : corrélation entre l'état mécanique et les propriétés magnétiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24600/24600.pdf.
Full textThe correlation between material evolution when dealing with blanking process and the degradation of the magnetic properties constitutes a key point in the design of the electric machines. Moreover, the measurement of the magnetic properties currently constitutes a tool for non destructive testing in rise in industry. Within the framework of a project on this topic, our work concerns the development of a predictive tool to establish a correlation between the blanking process, the state of the material which results from it and the magnetic properties of this last. This study lies within the scope of a collaboration between the University of Technology of Compiegne, Laval University (Quebec, Canada) and CETIM and it were broken up into two parts. The first part was devoted to the analysis and modeling of blanking process. Concerning the experimental aspects of work, uniaxial tensile tests at various strain rates made it possible to reach the mechanical behaviour of material and its sensitivity at the velocity. In addition, blanking tests were carried out in order to analyze the influence of different parameters from the process such as the clearance punch-die and velocity (blanking velocity / strain rate). Concerning the numerical aspects, finite elements modeling need the use of techniques and approaches suitable to treat the multiples non-linearity’s present in this kind of problems. In the second part we were interested in the correlation between the mechanical state of material and its magnetic properties following a punching effect. To reach quantities characteristic of the mechanical state of material in the vicinity of the cut edge, nanoindentation tests were combined with technique of inverse identification. In addition, magnetic measurements carried out on tensile specimen with various strain rates allowed to establish the evolution curve of permeability according to the plastic strain. The combination of these results enabled us to establish a correlation between the mechanical state of material, in particular the plastic strain, and the degradation of its magnetic properties (falls of permeability) in the vicinity of the cut edge.
Perrot, Nancy. "Stratégies de génération de colonnes en programmation entière pour le problème de découpe et ses variantes." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011657.
Full textrelated solution approaches for the cutting stock problem (CSP) and its
variants. The focus is on branch-and-price approaches. Specialized
algorithms are developed for knapsack subproblems that arise in the
course of the algorithm. Thorough numerical tests are used to identify good strategies
for initialization, stabilization, branching, and producing
primal solutions. Industrial variants of the
problem are shown to be tractable for a branch-and-price approach.
The models studied are the following: the standard cutting stock and
bin packing problems, a variant in which the production levels lie in
a prescribed interval of tolerance, the multiple width cutting stock
problem in which stock pieces are of different size, a variant with
additional technical constraints that arise typically in industrial
applications, and a variant where the number of distinct cutting
patterns used is minimized given a waste threshold.
First, we consider various formulation of the Cutting Stock Problem
(CSP): different models of the knapsack subproblem can be exploited to
reformulate the CSP. Moreover, we introduce different ways of
modeling local exchanges in the solution (primal exchanges imply dual
constraints that stabilize the column generation procedure). Some
models are shown to be valid integer programming (IP) reformulations while others define
relaxations. The dual bounds defined by their LP solution are compared
theoretically.
Then, we study the variants of the knapsack subproblem that arise
in a column generation approach to the CSP. The branching constraints
used in the branch-and-price algorithm can result in class bound and
setup cost or the need for a binary decomposition in the subproblem.
We show how standard knapsack solvers (dynamic programming approach and specialized
branch-and-bound algorithm) can be extended to these variants of the
knapsack problem.
Next, we discuss some branch-and-price implementation strategies. We compare
different modes of initialization of the column generation procedure, we present our numerical study of various stabilization
strategies to accelerate convergence of the procedure. We compare in particular the impact of the various ways of introducing
local exchanges in our primal model and other stabilization techniques
such as dual solution smoothing techniques or penalization from a
stability center that prevent the fluctuation of the dual variables.
To generate the columns we study different strategies based on the use of heuristic columns or on a multiple generation of columns.
We also consider the use of heuristics based on column generation to find a primal bound. These are compared to a classic constructive heuristic. Then, we compare the different branching rules that are used in the branch-and-price procedure.
Finally, we present numerical results on two industrial applications that
correspond to the variant with technical restrictions for which we
minimize first the waste and then the number of setups.
Maurel, Vincent. "Influence de l'état mécanique multiaxial induit par la découpe sur les propriétés d'usage des tôles magnétiques." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009357.
Full textPour résoudre ce problème dans le cas des tôles ferromagnétiques, nous avons mis en oeuvre un dispositif original alliant mesure magnétiques et sollicitations mécaniques biaxiales en traction/compression pour des tôles minces.
Ainsi, nous avons mis en évidence les faiblesses des modèles existants et rendu possible l'exploration systématique du comportement magnétique sous chargement mécaniques biaxiaux.
Michaud, Michel. "Méthodologie de modélisation unifiée pièce-outillage en CAO aéronautique : application aux tôles et gabarits de découpe." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2004. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/695/1/MICHAUD_Michel.pdf.
Full textEssahbi, Nabil. "Modélisation de corps mous appliquée à la commande de procédé robotisé de découpe anatomique de muscles." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00957821.
Full textMaronne, Eddy. "Prise en compte de l'effet de la découpe sur le comportement en fatigue des tôles d'acier." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CLF21490.
Full textAmeziane, Miloud. "Segmentation des images numérique par seuillages multiples : application à la découpe automatique dans les ateliers flexibles." Lille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LIL10200.
Full textMahdi, Abdel Halim. "Utilisation de métaheuristiques hybrides pour la Résolution de problèmes d'agencement d'atelier, de découpe 2D et d'ordonnancement." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPL089N.
Full textIn this thesis, we present efficient methods for solving three optimization problems dealing with production systems : 1) Two physical facility layout problems. We consider rigid and polygonal rectilinear shapes for the cells and the material handling system assignment to transport the different production flows. 2) 2 dimensional cutting problem for polygonal rectilinear shapes 3) Flowshop scheduling problems. For solving each problem, we use hybrid methods combining metaheuristics such an genetic algorithms and simulated annealing with other procedures used specifically to each application. Hitchcock algorithm for layout problems, complex repairing procedures and free space exploration algorithms for the 2D cutting problems and data oriented operators for flowshop problems
Delaporte, Jean-Louis. "Intégration des fonctions de conception et de préparation de la fabrication pour les entreprises de découpe." Valenciennes, 1990. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/1ddc325b-6edc-4424-a04a-784f9a543ed3.
Full textJeannin, Thomas. "Contribution à la compréhension de la relation entre les paramètres de découpe et l'usure des outils." Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA2042/document.
Full textThis work proposes a tribological analysis of the blanking operation. A better knowledge of the wear mechanisms present on the cutting punches is necessary to allow their reproduction in the laboratory and thus to test new tools materials, to extend their life time and increase the productivity of the process. Firstly, an open-type tribometer is developed in order to recreate the abrasive wear mechanisms present on the press. The innovative characteristics of this tribometer are the possibility of directly installing sheets identical to cutting pieces, and the friction distances can approach five kilometers on new surface. An energy approach of the wear is conducted in order to compare the results obtained with the tribometer and measurements on the press. Secondly, real tests on a cutting press with an instrumented tool are carried out. The measurement of the wear of the punch by replication and thin layer activation are the two "in-situ" techniques put in place during the tests. Differents cutting configurations are tested in order to observe their impact on the cutting force, the appearance of the cut edge and the wear of the punch. The wear of the punch is too low in the cutting test to be measured, but the rates of energy dissipated in the friction can be estimated. Thirdly, a comparison of the dissipated energies of friction on the tribometer and on the press shows significant deviations. To explain them, a finite element simulation of the cutting operation is carried out. A prediction of wear is established to show the potential of the energetic approach. A vibratory analysis of the tool shows that the phase of cracking of the sheet induces sometimes numerous oscillations of the punch which can lead to wear by fatigue
Makich, Hamid. "Etude théorique et expérimentale de l'usure des outils de découpe : influence sur la qualité des pièces décooupées." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01068646.
Full textOsman, Abdul Hafiz. "Contribution à l'étude du processus de mélange triphasique dans une tête de découpe par jet hydro-abrasif." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/55376-1999-1.pdf.
Full textFerrendier, Sophie. "Influence de l'évolution granulométrique des abrasifs sur l'enlèvement de matière lors de la découpe par jet d'eau abrasif." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005625.
Full textHomsi, Moaz. "Simulation de la découpe des métaux par un modèle de déchirure ductile, à l'aide de techniques de remaillage." Compiègne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995COMPD850.
Full textGirard, Laurence. "Caractérisation expérimentale d'une torche de découpe dans l'oxygène : étude du jet de plasma et de l'interaction arc-matériau." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30269.
Full textThis work deals with an industrial cutting process using an oxygen plasma torch. The electric arc is transferred to the steel plate and the plasma jet ejects the liquid metal under the plate. The thickness of sheets can vary from few millimetres to 2 cm. The cutting parameters are the current intensity, the arc voltage, the pressure of injected gases and the velocity of the torch. The angle formed by the chamfered edge and dross formation under the plate testify to the quality of cut. The first part of this work was the study of the electric arc. As the jet is supersonic, a shock wave takes place at the exit of the nozzle, characterised by a succession of pressure nodes. The structure of the shock wave, the length of arc and the average position of the anodic arc root in the trench were visualised by imagery, according to the cutting conditions. The temperature fields, the densities of species and pressure in the plasma jet were obtained by optical emission spectroscopy. The pumping of the ambient air in the jet was also evaluated. Thereafter, we studied the arc-material interaction and more particularly the energy transfer from the plasma to the plate. The temperature fields in the sheet were measured by means of thermocouples. By comparison with the theoretical values resulting from an analytical model, the power dissipated by thermal conduction in the steel is determined according to the cutting conditions. Then a power balance was carried out: losses at the top of the sheet (radiation and convection), power coming from the oxidation reaction of iron, power necessary to melt the metal, power dissipated in the plate by conduction, losses under the sheet (extinction of the arc). Lastly, the temperature on the surface of the plate, on the edges and at the face of the trench, was measured by pyrometry
Guénez-Vénérin, Christine. "Morceau, bout, fragment, tranche, etc : les noms de parties atypiques issues d'un processus de bris ou de découpe." Lille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL30008.
Full textHusson, Christophe. "Simulation numérique de la mise en forme des tôles métalliques appliquées à la connectique : Etude de la découpe." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR13218.
Full textThe development of concurrent engineering in the area of sheet metal forming, such as the numerical simulation of the blanking process of thin metallic sheets, have led to the fabrication cost reduction while optimizing the functional properties of the workpiece. In these processes, the strain rate and temperature are the parameters that influence the behaviour material. That is why we propose to simulate the blanking of thin metallic sheets using a viscoplastic model that accounts for the evolution of microstructure and coupled with a damage model based on thermodynamics of irreversible processes using a new form of the damage dissipation potential. The proposed models are valid for a wide range of strain rates (10-4 to 10+4 s-1) and temperatures (76K to half melting temperature). The comparison of the predicted results with the experimental ones shows a good agreement. To optimize the blanking process of thin copper sheets, it is necessary to study the effect of strain rate on the shearing process. Tests were performed using a Hopkinson pressure bar for the dynamic tests, and using tensile machine traction for the quasi-static tests. Hat-specimens were utilized. The results obtained shows that the hardening, the initial rate hardening and the failure strain are sensible to the strain rate. A methodology to determine the parameters at the proposed models are presented. By implementing our models in the commercial finite element code ABAQUS/Explicit, we present a study to the influence of the clearance and tool wear on the part edge and on the evolution of the cutting force. This analysis is conducted on thin copper alloys (" 1. Mm thickness). The numerical results are compared to the experimental investigations. The evolution of the shape errors (roll-over depth, fracture depth, shearing depth, burr formation and fracture angle) according to the radial clearance, the punch and the die wear, and the contact punch/die/blank-holder are presented. A discussion on the different stages of the blanking process as function of the processing parameters is given. A methodology to optimize the blanking process is proposed
Guasch, Cathy. "Le glissement des dislocations, une méthode de découpe d'un puits quantique en lignes quantiques. Application à GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs." Toulouse, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAT0033.
Full textCiciliato, Vincent. "GLITCH(s) IMAGO-SONORE(s) Du processus d'objectivation par découpe et synchronisation son-image à une esthétique du micro-mouvement." Phd thesis, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00627733.
Full textSubrin, Kévin. "Optimisation du comportement de cellules robotiques par gestion des redondances : application à la découpe de viande et à l'Usinage Grande Vitesse." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00999471.
Full textBouvet, Jérôme. "Identification du danger lié aux Escherichia coli vérotoxiques (VTEC) et à Escherichia coli O157-H7 en abattoir et découpe de porc." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10062.
Full textValetoux, Hélène. "Approche expérimentale des phénomènes impliqués dans la découpe par plasma d'arc transféré : Contribution à l'étude des instabilités et du transfert thermique." Limoges, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LIMO0054.
Full textSubrin, Kévin. "Optimisation du comportement de cellules robotiques par gestion des redondances : application à la découpe de viande et à l’Usinage Grande Vitesse." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF22417/document.
Full textIndustrial robots have evolved fundamentally in recent years to reach the industrial requirements. We now find more suitable anthropomorphic robots leading to the realization of more complex tasks like deformable objects cutting such as meat cutting or constrained to high stresses as machining. The behavior study of anthropomorphic robots, parallel or hybrid one highlights a kinematic and dynamic anisotropy, which impacts the expected accuracy. This thesis studied the integration of the kinematic redundancy that can partially overcome this problem by well setting the task to achieve it in a space compatible with the expected capacity. This work followed a three-step approach: analytical modeling of robotic cells by serial equivalent based on the TCS method, formalizing the constraints of meat cutting process and machining process and a multicriteria optimization.The first originality of this work focuses on the development of a 6 DoFs model to analyze the operator actions who naturally optimizes his arm behavior to ensure the task it performs. The second originality concerns the optimized placement of structural redundancy (9 DoFs robotic cell) where positioning parameters are incorporated as controllable variables (11 DoFs robotic cell). Thus, the thesis makes contributions to : - the definition of criteria adapted to the realization of complex and under high stress task for the management of the kinematic redundancy; - the structural behavior identification, under stress, by metrology tools (Laser tracker ) and the self- adaptation paths by using an industrial force control; - the behavior optimization to improve the cutting process quality (meat cutting and machining)