Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Découvertes et exploration'
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Carvalho, Vicente Manuel Alberto. "Madagascar et la carreira da Índia." Paris, EPHE, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EPHE4027.
Full textThe voyage of Vasco da Gama initiated the first trans-oceanic route of modern times. As a result, contact between populated regions, which would have otherwise remained in total ignorance of each other’s existence, was established. The commonly termed Cape Route (the Carreira da Índia) continued to exist for many centuries after 1500, the year in which the Portuguese monarchy began to send a fleet of ships on an annual basis to India in search of commerce and with the aim of establishing, consolidating and protecting the Portuguese interests in the region. This strategy brought about the creation of an eastern territorial possession, the Estado da Índia. One of the captains of the Pedro Alvares Cabral’s fleet, separated by a storm from the rest of his crew in the region of Cape of Good Hope, neared the coast on the eastern side of the Isle of Madagascar. He had sighted this land on the 10th August 1500, the feast of St Lawrence, and named it after this saint. In subsequent years, other ships on the route to India explored this Island or became ship-wrecked along its coasts. The Portuguese king, D. Manuel 1st, at first believed that Madagascar could become a «new India», but gradually he was forced to see this in a more realistic light. This study about the Portuguese in Madagascar between 1500 and 1609 attempts to explore their presence, primarily in the light of the importance of national interests as far as the Carreira da Índia and the Estado da Índia was concerned. At the same time, it seeks to examine the first contacts with the Madagascan natives
Heches, Dominique. "De Magellan à Coloane : les géants des Terres du Sud : recherches sur le mythe patagonien." Perpignan, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PERP0873.
Full textIn this work the point was to show that a Patagonian myth exists which continues , remains perennial, and goes on developing. This myth was born first described by Pigafetta and we considered all the later stories as nothing but narratives written again and again about this fabulous adventure. So the Patagonian myth grew just as concentric waves formed when a stone is thrown in the quiet waters of a lake. That is to say that the myth spread in time. At every epoch , according to every author there is enrichment and proliferation ; every new look at this land teaches as much about the man who is observed as about the one who watches. It seems there might be lands fraught with myths and that the men who populate them, whether they be rich or poor, do nurse the fables , and an intimate correspondence between landscapes and human beings does exist. Many facts about that appeared as we progressed in our reading. Therefore, for the Patagonian myth to have lived , adventurers, sailors, soldiers , utopists, scientists had to go , discover, come back and narrate. From that time on the question was to know whether the Patagonian myth has only been a matter of writing, of rewriting, of reading, of rereading, in conclusion of literature
Santos, Ilda Mendes dos. "La litterature portugaise des voyages : le bresil, 16e-17e siecles. formes, fonctions et representations." Paris 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA03A095.
Full textProtuguese travel litterature to in brazil is a laboratory which offers the possibity, by textual and cultural analysis, to study the conception of travel, travel writing and of a particular space (brazil). A cut more semiological than chronological defines the corpus : from the first travel's texts to those written before luso-hollandese conflict. Texts (rutters, diaries, letters, travel narratives, descriptions etc) come from the direct experience of travelers who are sailors, explorators, functionnaries, colons missionaries. They present discurses, narrative strategies, topics and problematics relatives to travel writing and to cultural and literary history of brazil and of portugal. This approach confronts textual, historical and cultural areas : portuguese narratives; protuguese travelers and others; text and iconography. This work reveals the conception of traveler as a discover and a colon, expresses fundamental elements about travel's notion (mobility and immobity, exteriority and interiority, tension and intensity), about travel writing (fragmentation and encyclopedy; structural schifts between narrative and description). It is also an interrogation of links and boundaries in portuguese and brazilians cultural relations : relation to space and time (sea and sertao), literature and identity
Gallegos, Gabilondo Simon. "Les mondes du voyageur : une épistémologie de l'exploration (XVIème - XVIIIème siècles)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H204.
Full textThis study examines the issue of exploration, as it stands in the travel chronicles that have forged modern world cartography between the Renaissance and the Enlightenment, favouring the analysis of epistemological questions between the new and the unknown. Through an examination of this corpus about America, and the geographical and political speculation about the Southern Land, it shows, on the one hand, that a regime of spatiality begins with these texts; on the other, that its history is also the history of philosophy, as far as it conceived itself on the model of exploration in the baconian tradition until D’Alembert in the 18th century. It identifies the historical foundation of geographical images used in the modern thought, as well as continuity among knowledge production and the production of a space to discover by exploration travels, about which, unlike Blumenberg’s metaphorology, Foucault’s archaeology founds a limit. Then, it questions the exploration’s anthropological horizon of meaning, particularly by the controversy of a giant human species in the New World, and examines the scientific appropriation of this literary figure in the natural history from Acosta to Buffon. Lastly, after a look on the ambiguous relation between the ageing world thesis and the epistemological openness of possible objects of exploration, it proposes an analysis of the importance of the gigantum demonstratio in Vico’s philosophical program
Hourst, Duvoux Marie Christine. "Les explorations du Commandant Hourst en Afrique et en Chine aux XIXème et XXème siècles." Poitiers, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991POIT5015.
Full textLacroix, Sylvie. "Sir Joseph Banks et l'envoi de naturalistes civils dans les expéditions d'exploration maritime gouvernementales en Grande-Bretagne (1768-1825)." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040226.
Full textIn his twenties, Joseph Banks gained acceptance on board "HMS Endeavour", Captain Cook, as a supernumerary in natural history, with a small civilian scientific party. .
Gauvin, Brigitte. "Pierre Martyr d'Anghiera : De orbe novo, les quatre voyages de Christophe Colomb." Caen, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CAEN1174.
Full textChristopher colombus' and his first successors' travels. Beginnings of the new world's spanish conquest and of the settlement in haiti
Laur, Pierre Alain. "Données semi structurées : Découverte, maintenance et analyse de tendances." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20053.
Full textBourdon, Étienne. "Le voyage et la connaissance des Alpes occidentales en France et en Italie de la fin du XVe siècle au début du XVIIIe siècle : 1492-1713." Grenoble 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE29007.
Full textThe thesis analyzes the relation between the experience of travel and the constitution of a new knowledge about the western Alps from 1492 to 1713 among French and Italian elites. The research leans on the study of textual and cartographic sources. The first part presents the travellers and theirs motivations as well as the reconstitution of biogeographic conditions of the western Alps. The second part is devoted to the organization of the middle Ages knowledge heritages. Al last, the fourth part puts in a prominent position the discovery of western Alps between the end of 15th century and the beginning of the 18th century
Petit-Brulfert, Patricia. "Francis Garnier, une vie (1839-1873) : du Furan au Pont de papier." Perpignan, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PERP0275.
Full textDarné-Crouzille, Nicole. "L'expedition leclerc-rochambeau a saint-domingue (haiti) : 1801-1803 : analyse de l'echec." Le Mans, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LEMA3001.
Full textIn december 1801 general leclerc and rochambeau landed at san domingo leading the most powerful naval expedition of the time. Their mission was the quell the rebellion which had erupted in france's most prosperous colony. For the black slaves had risen and were demanding the application of the rights of man which had been enacted by the french revolution. A black slave, toussaint louverture, appointed himself governor for life and, in a real act of independance proclaimed a new constitution for san-domingo. After initial military victories in the field, general leclerc set about the reorganisation of the colony. But within a few months countless difficulties were to reduce drastically the strength of the french forces and administration, and to annihilate leclerc's efforts. Like many of his soldiers, he died of yellow fever in november 1802. General rochambeau took over but within a year, besieged by the rebels and blockaded by the british fleet, he was forced to surrender. The fiasco of the expedition, in which 50. 000 men were lost was due to : - yellow fever which killed a large number of troops - france's difficulties in securing its army's supplies - the poor quality of the troops engaged - the rupture of the treaty of amiens - british assistance to the rebels - the ambiguity of french policy on slavery - abuses and plundering - constant lack of funds
Sorokina, Maria. "Découverte et exploration des modules conservés de transformations chimiques dans le métabolisme." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLE003/document.
Full textThe proportion of protein sequences of unknown function in public databases stills very important (42% of UniProt sequences are labelled as "hypothetical", "uncharacterized", "unknown" or "putative"). On the other hand, a number of enzyme activities (about 30%) remain orphan (i.e. there is any known sequence that is linked to this activity). Conserved functional modules identification in the metabolism is one of the possible ways to improve protein functional annotation, by discovering new enzyme reactions and new metabolic pathways. It is in this context that has been developed my PhD thesis, proposing a new representation of the global metabolic network, where reactions sharing the same chemical transformation type are grouped in reaction molecular signatures (RMS). A reaction signature is the difference of its products and substrates stereo signatures molecular descriptors involved in this reaction (Carbonell et al. 2013, http://molsig.sourceforge.net). These RMS are computed for all well balanced reactions involved in at least one metabolic pathway, for which all substrates and products are identified and have an available structure. RMS allow reaction classification in an automatic and expert-independent way and a greater coverage of all enzymatic reactions that the classification of the Enzyme Commission (EC numbers).Starting from a directed reaction network, reaction nodes sharing the same RMS are grouped in a single node, and edges conserve the initial connectivity between reactions. Several scores are then computed for each path in the RMS network in order to assess known metabolic pathways conservation and to discover new ones. The first score, scoreRea, is computed using the average reaction number by RMS and represents the chemical conservation of the path in the whole metabolism. The second one, scoreProt, is based on the protein number associated to each RMS and reflects the enzyme conservation of the path through the tree of life. The next score, scoreTopo, is based on the PageRank centrality and depicts the topological importance of an RMS sequence in the metabolic network. The last metric, the Pathway Conservation Index (PCI) is the number of different reaction paths among known metabolic pathways grouped in a same RMS path. It represents the conservation of chemical transformation sequences in the known part of the metabolism. Most conserved RMS paths are next identified in order to understand the linkage between different conservation types (chemical, enzymatic and topologic) and the biological processes type of metabolic pathways (like biosynthesis or degradation).This metabolism representation has an interesting predictive potential and can be used to identify most conserved parts of the metabolism and to discover new metabolic modules. Moreover, combination of different scores can be used to predict the metabolic role of new pathways using machine learning approaches. Conserved paths of chemical transformations associated to genomic context data will be a useful tool for functional annotation of genes and groups of genes of unknown function
Sillans, Roger. "L'apport des explorations à la connaissance du milieu ethnique gabonais de 1843 à 1893 : La rencontre de deux civilisations." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010649.
Full textThe thesis is divided into four sections. In the first section, a survey is made of the setting up of the "comptoir of gabun", starting point of explorations. A summary is then made of the difficulties encountered at first contacts with black traditional populations, and the events of itinerary as well as more restrictide explorations are outlined, not leaving out "annexe-activities". The second section describes what was known about the local populations at the beginning of the nineteenth century, and anaccount is made of subsequent approaches (after 1843). The descriptions related to first observations made of these populations having met total incomprehension by europeans as far the way of living and customs are concerned, an attempt is made to find the reasons for this incomprehension, and it is understood by the author that this was due to current occidental thinking at this period that constituted a real cultural barrier. . .
Willer, Alexis. "Trente ans de recherches soviétiques en Antarctique." Paris 4, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA04A001.
Full textMartinez, Carolina. ""Mondes parfaits et étrangers dans les confins de l'orbis terrarum : utopie, expansion transocéanique et altérité (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles")." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070097.
Full textThe present doctoral thesis aims to understand the developement of the utopian genre in early modern Europe by making special emphasis on its relationship with the process of overseas expansion (that begins in the XVIth century but develops further in the following century), the outbreak of the Reformation and progressive radicalization of religious dissidence, as well as with the transformations in terms of knowledge that gave birth to unprecedented manifestations in european thought. To this end, a set of utopian travel accounts published in French, both in France and in the United Provinces, which circulated in Europe from the early seventeenth century to the early eighteenth century, have been analyzed in terms of three major themes: the religious question, the question of the "other" and the question of space (or the horizon of overseas expansion). Given these three issues, we propose as a general hypothesis that the features acquired by the utopian genre published in French in the seventeenth century, account for the political-religious situation experienced by France in this period, as well as for the place occupied by the French monarchy and the United Provinces in the overseas competition developed around the same time. The expansionist ambitions of the former and the commercial and intellectual prevalence of the latter can be traced in utopian travel accounts, which were written in the centers of culture and trade but were located in the margins of the known world
Letessier, Pierre. "Découverte et exploitation d'objets visuels fréquents dans des collections multimédia." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0014/document.
Full textThe main goal of this thesis is to discover frequent visual objects in large multimedia collections. As in many areas (finance, genetics, . . .), it consists in extracting a knowledge, using the occurence frequency of an object in a collection as a relevance criterion. A first contribution is to provide a formalism to the problems of mining and discovery of frequent visual objects. The second contribution is a generic method to solve these two problems, based on an iterative sampling process, and on an efficient and scalable rigid objects matching. The third contribution of this work focuses on building a likelihood function close to the perfect distribution. Experiments show that contrary to state-of-the-art methods, our approach allows to discover efficiently very small objects in several millions images. Finally, several applications are presented, including trademark logos discovery, transmedia events detection or visual-based query suggestion
Berenger, Yves. "Voyages, voyageurs et récits imprimés de voyages français dans le Nord scandinave au dix-septième et dix-huitième siècle." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040202.
Full textThis thesis presents in its first part 42 French travellers coming from different social spheres, endowed with various educating levels, who travelled in the Scandinavian countries during the 17th and 18th centuries. They have left printed traces of their travels that were done for different purposes such as diplomacy, business, religion, tourism and, particularly in the 18th century, sciences. Influenced by the spirit of the great discovery travels, minded-educated and motivated by the growing teaching of geography, even practised at the highest levels of the kingdom, these travellers describe their itinerary, their way of living, the people they met, the diplomatic circles, the landscapes, the climate, the languages they spoke, the culture and leisure life, the importance of the Sund strait, and also the typically exotic matter of the time, Lapland that some travellers visited. The travellers came back home, feeling themselves like "citizens of the world". The thesis describes also how these relations were written, then printed, quotes which works were translated and how many editions they got, and brings an undeniable contribution to the history of travel literature. The second part gives for each traveller some biographical data, the list of his works and the different French and foreign bibliographical comments that the publication brought about. Finally more than a thousand archives and bibliographical data and 15 attached documents complete and finish off the thesis
Baert, Annie. "Les voyages de Mendana et de Quiros en océanie (1567-1569, 1595, 1605-1606)." Université française du Pacifique (1987-1999), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PACI0022.
Full textThis study analyses from three standpoints how the main participants lived the three journeys resulting in the discovery of the islands of Solomon, Marquesas, Tuamotu, Cook and Vanuatu general planning political structure : official commitees' parrticipation (spain & peru) in the planning, the control and the financing of those trips military preparedness: official and practical reasons for the presence of soldiers on board these ships, daily routine, weaponry and its uses, estimates of native losses, limits in the military aspect of these expeditions religious aspects : reformed / anti-reformed movements, church / kingdom relations, the intellectual universe of the franciscans, the expeditions' religious life, the missionaries' role the companions of Mendana and Quiros - quantitative estimate of the staff boarded on each ship. Human loss assessment - study of their duties on board each ship, of their identity, of their background and of their final fate - portraits and biographical sketchings of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa, Alvaro de Mendana y Neira and Pedro Fernandez de Quiros the spanish vision of the south sea what the sailors saw and perceived, depending on their frame of mind, their prejudices and the precariousness of their personal status - vision of the islands : geographical location, physical aspect, natural resources, natives' staple diet - vision of men and exchanges between oceanians and visitors - vision of the native social organisation : daily life, technical life, housing, inter-island relations, means of navigation, sociopolitical structure ; religious life and canibalism ; ritual overtaking of lands the study of these three journeys, whose narratives were immediately and fully broadcasted, shows that two centuries prior to the new Cytheria of Bougainville, the myth of paradise on earth, that permanent hope constantly pushed away but never dismissed, found a new breath of life and a promising new geographical localization in the south sea
Vigneron, Vincent. "Programmation par contraintes et découverte de motifs sur données séquentielles." Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0028/document.
Full textRecent works have shown the relevance of constraint programming to tackle data mining tasks. This thesis follows this approach and addresses motif discovery in sequential data. We focus in particular, in the case of classified sequences, on the search for motifs that best fit each individual class. We propose a language of constraints over matrix domains to model such problems. The language assumes a preprocessing of the data set (e.g., by pre-computing the locations of each character in each sequence) and views a motif as the choice of a sub-matrix (i.e., characters, sequences, and locations). We introduce different matrix constraints (compatibility of locations with the database, class covering, location-based character ordering common to sequences, etc.) and address two NP-complete problems: the search for class-specific totally ordered motifs (e.g., exclusive subsequences) or partially ordered motifs. We provide two CSP models that rely on global constraints to prove exclusivity. We then present a memetic algorithm that uses this CSP model during initialisation and intensification. This hybrid approach proves competitive compared to the pure CSP approach as shown by experiments carried out on protein sequences. Lastly, we investigate data set preprocessing based on patterns rather than characters, in order to reduce the size of the resulting matrix domain. To this end, we present and compare two alternative methods, one based on lattice search, the other on dynamic programming
Hamoniaux, Philippe. "Le regard des conquistadores sur l'architecture incaïque au Pérou au XVIème siècle." Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA040012.
Full textDay after the downfall of Inca Empire and spectacular conquest of Peru by the Spanish, there should have been countless consequences resulting from this very frontal clash between two civilizations. The perception of the principal historians of sixteenth and the first half of seventeenth centuries, about the imposing architecture of Inca provoked a vast corpus of testimonies. The first perception characterized, brief, with factual features and effected panegyrics of the conquest offer us a small amount of detailed remarks upon the Inca constructions. The major interrogations raised by them concern : forms, materials and the technics utilized by Inca, as well as complicated problems like function, symbolism of these structures. It seems that reflection upon these various questions would rely on the beforehand testimonies, but, of course, they should be associated with numerous archeological knowledge of present time
Régnier, Serge. "L'image de l'amérindien dans les relations de voyages en Nouvelle-France de Jacques Cartier à Joseph-François Lafitau : 1534-1724." Grenoble 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE29011.
Full textThe French colonial adventure in Northern America has sparked off travel literature rich in ethnographic information on the Amerindians of New-France at the historic time, and in information on cultural interaction phenomenon. However, the characters of these stories were also very concerned about adapting their speech to the imperatives of colonial ideology and they were convinced of the universality of the universality of the codes that should goven human societies. This conception of culture condemned the Amerindians to assimilation. They were described with more or less indulgence depending on whether they were stubbornly stuck to their socio-cultural and religious model, or they were receptive to the messages of faith and civilisation, or whether they were perceived as people with natural or even rational morality. However, in any case, they remained "savages", beings without culture. The westerners were not aware of the cultural diversity of the world. The very existence of Amerindians nonetheless contributed to shaking the theological and cosmographical certainties of the Europeans. Therefore, many travellers were looking for the confirmation of these preconceptions and they were conforming to already established patterns of knowledge while describing Amerindian societies. At the same time, the idea of an American golden age developed, giving rise to a criticism of the European society that subjects man to the divine. In fact, the ethnographic speech was an excuse for Europe to speak about itself. Therefore, travel stories hardly helped the advance of new scientific knowledge. They are, very often, at the origin of prejudices and behaviours that do not respect the otherness of the other
Guilhot, Nicolas. "Histoire d'une parenthèse cartographique : Les Alpes du Nord dans la cartographie topographique française aux 19e et 20e siècles." Lyon 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2005/guilhot_n.
Full textCabrera, Delgadillo Adriana. "Aspects mythiques et historiques des récits de voyage sur l'Amazone entre le XVIIe et le XVIIIe siècle." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040112.
Full textThrough the narratives of French travelers in the Amazon region, a mythical world reappears, inspired by a collective cultural heritage. One century after the discovery of the Amazon region, the French travelers and chroniclers offer their visions of the Spanish and Portuguese conquests. Thus, they expose the resurrection of two principal myths that they associate with the exploration of the Amazon: the Amazones, women warriors, and El Dorado. Superimposing the travelers' narratives and their recourse to myths allows us to realize their classical predispositions and their desire to encourage the exploration with an imaginary lure. Constrained to apply their own realities to the unknown, the chroniclers transform the objective realities into imagination. This text addresses the imagination that arises from the confrontation between the unknown and the cultural background of the travelers in the Amazon region. The link between myth and reality is dissolved. It is progressively substituted, initially by a demystifying scientific approach, and then by romanticism in the form of an exalted attitude towards the other which marks the beginning of the era of Enlightenment
Sahuguède, Alexandre. "Un algorithme de découverte de chroniques pertinentes pour le diagnostic par identification et reconstitution." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30166.
Full textChronicles are temporal patterns well-suited for an abstract representation of complex dynamic systems. Chronicle recognition algorithms allow the identification of chronicles in an on-line stream of data to be done and take adequate action in an quick and efficient manner. Chronicles are used in a vast array of applications such as medical field, internet networks, or industrial applications. Nevertheless, designing chronicles is not an easy task due to the sophistication and the increase of data generation capacity of modern systems. The chronicle discovery process try and tackle this problem by an automatic design of chronicles from data directly generated by the studied system. In this thesis, an innovative approach to the problem of chronicle discovery is introduced. This new approach lies of the identification of elementary chronicles and a reconstitution of complex chronicles from them. The algorithm introduced, called CDIRe (Chronicle Discovery by Identification and Reconstitution), allows the discovery of chronicles with few knowledge from the underlying system to be done
Benis, Arriel. "Aide à l'exploration et à la découverte de relations dans des données de la Génomique Médicale Fonctionnelle." Paris 13, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA132032.
Full textData Mining is an emerging area in Medical Informatics research field. Nowadays, clinical research protocols are no longer limited to collect only medical data, but they are also regarding to other kinds of data such as genomic data from cDNA microarrays. Currently, the approaches commonly used by biologists in this context simply explore a tiny part of the data based on a priori. Our work is based on automating the analysis process. Firstly, this PhD dissertation focuses on the definition of a data workflow adapted to data that we deal with (bioclinical and genomics data). Secondly, outliers, due to the relative quality of data and sources of errors in analysis are automatically identified thanks to a classification method. Finally, all these results will be presented in an easy way to biologist experts. Experiments related to researches in obesity medicine have been done and allowed to validate our Data Mining process and to discover biomarkers. Evaluations of use and usability have shown the benefits of our approach
Alvarez, Salvador. "La grande frontière asiatique du Nord de la Nouvelle-Espagne : l'expansion espagnole dans le Septentrion au XVIème siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0083.
Full textThe surrender and destruction of the Aztec capital and the conquest of rich American societies by the Castilian Crown are indeed major events but the Spaniards expected much more from their destiny in the New World. It is nethertheless a phenomenon that is not understandable without taking into account the geographical notions related to Ptolome's cosmographic model. As the northwestern portion of the American continent was represented as an extension of Asia or a region closed to it, the pacific coast became the most important borderland for the conquistadores established in New Spain, during half a century. The great expeditions in quest of lost kingdoms situated in the North stimulated the colonization of new territories. Despite the conquistadors'bad luck in their search of the Asian northwestern kingdoms, a second large frontier appeared during the second half of the sixteenth century, it was the tierra adentro that is to be related with the big septentrional terra incognita, situated between the North of New Spain and continental Asia, the conquest of which remained the main origin of Spanish expansion. Finally, when the quest of northern New Mexico was over, Spanish explorations declined suddenly and began at the same time a new process characterized by a slow and gradual occupation of new territories
Delhoume-Sanciaud, Monique. "Le regard d'un homme du dix-huitième siècle sur le Nouveau-Monde, sa conquête et son évangélisation : "Les Incas" de Jean-François Marmontel." Poitiers, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000POIT5013.
Full textMammeri, Rachida Mina. "Le renouvellement poétique de la découverte et de la conquête du nouveau monde dans la littérature contemporaine de langue française : Motivations historiques et symboliques." Paris 13, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA131020.
Full textA comparative study of the interpretation of the discovery and conquest of the Americas in five contemporary works writtens in french : Degrés by Michel Butor, Le banquet by Mouloud Mammeri, Le livre de Christophe Colomb by Paul Claudel, Colomb by Jean Métellus and Le rêve mexiacin ou la pensée interrompue, by Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio. The discovery of the Americas in 1492 marked the beginning of a new era within a closed i,tellectual environment. The success of this quest led to the redefinition of space and time and the broadening of our horizons. This important historical event forms the basis of our modern identily as reflected in theatre, fiction and literary works, and is embodied in the selected texts. The New World did not benefit from immediate recognition and throughout the centuries has contributed to literary creativity. Assuming that the impact of this discovery was not captured by the Renaissance priod, has this distressing and symbolic event been brought to the forefront in 20th century art and literature ? What is the meaning of this recurrent poetic revival of the greatest upheaval of our history ? How are the accounts of the exploratory and colonisation expeditions led by Christopher Colombus and Hernan Cortés perceived and transcribed by the imagination of others ?
Reignier, Thomas. "Exploration de la biodiversité des Baeyer-Villiger monooxygénases et découverte d'activités originales sur les cétones α,β-insaturées." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4374.
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Guen, Vincent. "Découverte de la protéine kinase CDK10 / Cycline M et exploration de ses fonctions biologiques en lien avec le syndrome STAR." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1S084/document.
Full textCyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are activated by their cyclin subunits to drive the cell cycle. Among the cyclin family, the functions of the FAM58A gene product, cyclin M (CycM) remain unknown. However, FAM58A mutations lead to severe developmental defects which are reported as STAR syndrome. In the first part of my work, I show that CycM activates CDK10, an orphan and mysterious CDK. The novel protein kinase CDK10/CycM phosphorylates ETS2 to induce its degradation via the proteasome. ETS2 protein levels are increased in cells derived from a STAR patient, and this increase is attributable to decreased CycM levels. Altogether, these results reveal a new regulatory mechanism for ETS2, which plays key roles in cancer and development. They shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying STAR syndrome. In a second part of my work, I show that CDK10 and CycM localize in a centriolar zone in mitosis and in quiescence. I show that CDK10 and CycM negatively regulate ciliogenesis and primary cilium length. Finally, I uncover a novel interactor and phosphorylation substrate of CDK10/CycM that may participate in this negative regulation. Ciliogenesis defects lead to severe developmental abnormalities called ciliopathies. Some STAR syndrome developmental anomalies could thus be linked to ciliogenesis defects
El, Samad Mahmoud. "Découverte et monitoring de ressources pour le traitement de requêtes dans une grille de données." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/661/.
Full textThe distributed data management in grid systems raises new problems and presents real challenges: resource discovery, resource allocation, replication, monitoring services for query optimization. . . Etc. Grid systems differ mainly from parallel and distributed systems by the two characteristics: the large scale and the system instability (i. E. The dynamicity of nodes). In this thesis, we are interested in the resource discovery phase for an efficient query evaluation in data grid environments. First, we present a state of the art on the main research works of resource discovery by focusing on the important criteria (e. G. Scaling, reliable discovery, maintenance cost) for data source discovery which is specific to data grid environments. In this perspective, we propose a new method of data source discovery based on Distributed Hash Tables (DHT) allowing a permanent access -in the presence of the dynamicity of nodes- from any node of a Virtual Organization VOlocal towards all other VOi (i [different from]local) in the system with a minimum maintenance cost between the DHT. After the resource discovery phase, it is very important to monitor the current state of resources especially that these last ones are shared on very large scale environments. The resource monitoring can be made during the initial allocation or the execution phase, in order to take decisions on the choice of the execution node of a join (or of a part of a join) for example. In this context, we propose a method considering the variation of host and network parameter values, at runtime, in the calculation of the response time of a relational operation. The proposed method integrates monitoring information into an execution model based on mobile agents developed in the Pyramid team. Finally, we validate our proposals by a performance evaluation
Brunet, François. "La Collecte des vues : explorateurs et photographes en mission dans l'Ouest américain : 1839-1879." Paris, EHESS, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EHES0026.
Full textOur inquiry takes for its objet the photographic archives produced by the exploration of the american west in the xixth century. Our purpose is to study the genesis and different aspects of a collaboration between scientists and photographers. In the first place, we reconsider the status of photography as an ivnention, and the conditions of its acclimatisation in the u. S. Then we examine its progressive penetration into american exploration, distinguishing four stages. 1) the period of "humboldtean" exploration. 2) the geological survey of california. 3) the experience of photographic reporting during the civil war. 4) the era of the "great surveys", which included a massive photographic production. Finally, we put into question the goals of what appears to be a photographic policy. This policy largely escapes scientific rationality, and tends rather to consitute a picturesque and ethnographical archive, open to many exploitations. Thus, rather than following the currently dominant perspective of art history, we situate our corpus in the field of american studies, and in a yet to be founded history of practices of visual media
Lejeune, Dominique. "Les Sociétés de Géographie en France : dans le mouvement social et intellectuel du dix-neuvième siècle." Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100100.
Full textA study of the evolution over a century (actually from 1821 through world war ii) of the scientific societies which, for the eighteenth century, have been thoroughly studied in France, but on which, until recently, the interest of the contemporary period (nineteenth and twentieth centuries) specialists had not been focused. This research takes place within the present trend of study, both historical and sociological, of the associanist movement. The first part (1821-1864) comprises the description, supported by figures, of a Paris geographic society - the provincial societies will appear after 1870 only - fundamentally and voluntarily elite-oriented and composed of romantic notables who care only for the exploration of the globe, without any utilitarian purpose. The geographic society is then open to the "political establishment", its fees are high and its members few in number. Everything changes after the turning point of 1864 which starts the second part (1864-1940): henceforth there appear in Paris, as well as soon after in Lyon, Marseille or Bordeaux, societies dedicated to a so-called "utilitarian" and "commercial" geography and whose members will considerably increase in number: they now make up a lobby in favor of colonial imperialism; from now on these scientific societies' interest concentrates on colonisation, and they endeavor, as "catalyzers", to weigh on power. Through the study of these societies, the evolution of their recruiting and their ideology, this research endeavors to enlighten the history of both an elite of spirit and money, of the associanist phenomenon and of a science, geography, looked at from various angles according to the periods and the individuals. Parts played by individuals and groups, historiographic condition of biography, study of "the look of one upon the other". . . All of this implying comparisons with the foreign geographic societies about which exhaustive studies would be desirable
Grandhomme, Francis. "Une figure lorraine : jules Crevaux (1847-1882) et l'exploration de l'Amérique du Sud." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN21014.
Full textA French naval surgeon, Jules Crevaux made several journeys to South America, including four exploration trips in the Guianas, Amazonia and Orinoco areas between 1869 and 1882 before he was slain by the Gran Chaco Indians in Bolivia. He came to prominence through the widespread reports of his travels, backed by the Geography Society and the « Tour du Monde » magazine. His reports have definitely changed the image of the Amazonian area from the conventional Eldorado to « locus terribilis ». Crevaux occupies an uncommon place in his time for his almost humanistic approach and his eclectic intellectual curiosity. This work aims at enhancing and enlightning the figure of the late 19th century explorer in the days of European expansionism. It gives a detailed account of the staging of the journey while probing into the motivations of the explorer and the reception after his return. It also shows the evolution of historiography which had sunk into oblivion until a revival of interest since the 1980's. The work should also help to gain a better understanding of the consequences of the annexation of Alsace-Lorraine to Germany which had such a decisive impact on Crevaux's attraction to exploration trips. A protagonist in the 1870 war along with Gambetta, he subsequently received support from the Ministry of Public Instruction especially in Ferry's days. At a time when French foreign policy was mainly focused on Africa and South East Asia, this work aims at showing why South America suddenly aroused widespread curiosity and why a Lorraine born geographer choosing to keep the French nationality fostered this nascent interest
Ghufran, Mohammad. "Découverte et réconciliation de données numeriques relatives aux personnes pour la gestion des ressources humaines." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLC062/document.
Full textFinding the appropriate individual to hire is a crucial part of any organization. With the number of applications increasing due to the introduction of online job portals, it is desired to automatically match applicants with job offers. Existing approaches that match applicants with job offers take resumes as they are and do not attempt to complete the information on a resume by looking for more information on the Internet. The objective of this thesis is to fill this gap by discovering online resources pertinent to an applicant. To this end, a novel method for extraction of key information from resumes is proposed. This is a challenging task since resumes can have diverse structures and formats, and the entities present within are ambiguous. Identification of Web results using the key information and their reconciliation is another challenge. We propose an algorithm to generate queries, and rank the results to obtain the most pertinent online resources. In addition, we specifically tackle reconciliation of social network profiles through a method that is able to identify profiles of individuals across different networks. Moreover, a method to resolve ambiguity in locations, or predict it when absent, is also presented. Experiments on real data sets are conducted for all the different algorithms proposed in this thesis and they show good results
Ghemtio, Wafo Léo Aymar. "Simulation numérique et approche orientée connaissance pour la découverte de nouvelles molécules thérapeutiques." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10103/document.
Full textTherapeutic innovation has traditionally benefited from the combination of experimental screening and molecular modelling. In practice, however, the latter is often limited by the shortage of structural and biological information. Today, the situation has completely changed with the high-throughput sequencing of the human genome, and the advances realized in the three-dimensional determination of the structures of proteins. This gives access to an enormous amount of data which can be used to search for new treatments for a large number of diseases. In this respect, computational approaches have been used for high-throughput virtual screening (HTVS) and offer an alternative or a complement to the experimental methods, which allow more time for the discovery of new treatments.However, most of these approaches suffer the same limitations. One of these is the cost and the computing time required for estimating the binding of all the molecules from a large data bank to a target, which can be considerable in the context of the high-throughput. Also, the accuracy of the results obtained is another very evident challenge in the domain. The need to manage a large amount of heterogeneous data is also particularly crucial.To try to surmount the current limitations of HTVS and to optimize the first stages of the drug discovery process, I set up an innovative methodology presenting two advantages. Firstly, it allows to manage an important mass of heterogeneous data and to extract knowledge from it. Secondly, it allows distributing the necessary calculations on a grid computing platform that contains several thousand of processors. The whole methodology is integrated into a multiple-step virtual screening funnel. The purpose is the consideration, in the form of constraints, of the knowledge available about the problem posed in order to optimize the accuracy of the results and the costs in terms of time and money at various stages of high-throughput virtual screening
Massiani, Jean-Stéphane. "Du parcours au discours : étude des journaux de James Cook." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX10112.
Full textCoulet, Adrien. "Construction et utilisation d'une base de connaissances pharmacogénomique pour l'intégration de données et la découverte de connaissances." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00332407.
Full textTumahai, Liou. "Les expéditions espagnoles à Tahiti au 18ème siècle (édition critique du manuscrit de Máximo RODRIGUEZ, 1774-1775)." Toulouse 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU20012.
Full textThe spanish expeditions to Tahiti at the end of the 18th century, commissioned by the Viceroy of Peru, Manuel de Amat and led by Captain Boenechea were launched in the wake of the english discoveries of Pacific's islands. From the examination of first-hand spanish manuscripts and texts, written between 1772 and 1776, the author of this work proposes, in a first part to study the results of these spanish expeditions to Tahiti. If the first expedition of 1772 is sheer exploration, the second one in 1774 consists of both a mission meant to check the facts that had been imperfectly collected during the first expedition and a mission of evangelization. But the latter, timidly led by two franciscans ended in total failure, a failure the causes of which are clarified in this study. The clash between two cultures, the tribulations of the two franciscans appear in the chronicle of the soldier and later interpreter Maximo Rodriguez and the diary of brother Geronimo Clota. From the accounts of the iberian navigators of the period between 1772 and 1776 and especially from the experience of the soldier and interpreter, expounded in his diary of 1774-1775, written over a period of ten months, we are acquainted with elements of the tahitian culture at a time when it was still flourishing and protected from any outside influences and in particular, with the last moments of a great chief of the island of Tahiti. Those spanish testimonies, unique though very often neglected by the history of ancient tahiti present us with a spanih outlook on the tahitian society and its oral tradition which is just as interisting as that of the famous Captain Cook. Scraps of the genuine tahitian memory are collected there. In the second part of the work, the author proposes a critical edition of Maximo Rodriguez's diary established in spanish from the Paris 1788 manuscript (still unpublished) and compared with the London 1935 manuscript. This retranscription is preceded by the review of the two manuscripts as well as by the biography of its author
Cram, Damien. "Découverte interactive et complète de chroniques : application à la co-construction de connaissances à partir de traces." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10170.
Full textThis thesis deals with the engineering of knowledge dynamics and it focuses on the interactive discovery of knowledge from activity traces. The applicative context targeted by this work is the management of the dynamic aspect of knowledge in Knowledge Management Systems (KMS). Two theoretical contributions are presented in this thesis. Firstly, we propose an iterative and interactive process for the co-construction of dynamic knowledge that requires a dialogue and a cooperation of the machine and humans. Secondly, we present an algorithm for the complete discovery of temporal patterns in sequences of events. This algorithm implements the machine proactive behaviour in this process. Interaction traces are information that users leave when they interact with their environment. This information about users' activities is collected, sometimes intentionally, by the designer of the environment. Interaction traces are represented in an expressive format designed especially for the engineering of interaction traces: the format of modelled traces. Such interaction traces are managed separately in a Trace-Based System (TBS), which can store modelled traces and provides primitive functions to access them. We argue that such interaction traces are potential containers of contextual knowledge about how users behave in their activities mediated by the traced environment. For this reason, interaction traces can be used for building systems that provide contextual assistance to users. We propose an iterative and interactive process for the co-construction of knowledge from traces. In this process, the machine analyses the traces and suggests some behaviour patterns to the human involved in the process. The human validates these patterns if he finds them relevant. If it is not the case, the human elaborates new requests and the machine suggests new candidate patterns, and so on. The idea behind this process was to build a bottom-up knowledge construction approach that takes into account the dynamic and contextual aspects of knowledge. The proactive participation of the machine to this co-construction process implies/requires the development of an algorithm that can extract temporal pattern from interaction traces, that is complete, and that can provide patterns to the human in real time, so that the knowledge co-construction process takes the form of a dialogue between the human and the machine. Chronicles are patterns that can occur in interaction traces and that contain temporal constraints with numerical bounds. The frequent chronicle mining approach we present in this thesis has been designed to implement the machine's behaviour in this process. This algorithm is the first algorithm for chronicle extraction from a sequence of events that is complete. It allows real time interactivity with its users by returning the partial result set of frequent chronicles, at any time. The algorithm supports temporal and structural user constraints pushing, which allows the human to make the chronicle exploration procedure converge more quickly towards the most interesting chronicles. The algorithm can be configured in a way that makes it return the same non-complete chronicle result set as other existing algorithms in the literature. It can also be configured so as to return the complete frequent chronicle set, or to return the complete set of frequent hybrid episodes. Hybrid episodes are summarized forms of chronicles, with a simpler pattern structure that is easier to understand by humans. When compared to existing chronicle mining algorithms with the same conditions, our algorithm shows equivalent time performances. The main inconvenient of the chronicle discovery problem is that the size of the exploration space depends exponentially on the chronicle length. As a result, it is possible to discover only small chronicles in one shot, which implies the need for an iterative and incremental discovery approach [etc...]
Benzoni, Maria Matilde. "« L'apertura del Mondo » : Pierre Martyr d'Anghiera et les réseaux d'information sur le Mexique, l'Amérique Espagnole et le Monde dans l'Italie du XVIe siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0076.
Full textThis research aims at contributing in the study of the attitudes of the Italian political and intellectual élite in relation to the " widening of the world " between XV and XVI centuries. The thesis studies Peter Martyr d'Anghiera and the influence exerted by the Italian humanist and the corpus of his writings - Opus Epistolarum, Legatio Babylonica, Decades de Orbo Novo - on the XVI century Italian net-works on Mexico, Spanish America and the World. Contrary to the prevalent habit of the studies on Peter Martyr to focus on specific aspects of his figure and works, the I chapter tryies to consider Peter Martyr within the " International " of the Italian humanists. The II and III chapters are devoted to the analysis of the corpus of his writings, with a specific attention toward Peter Martyr's vision of international relations and of the Novus Orbis. The IV chapter studies the influence exerted by his intellectual legacy on G. Ramusio, G. Botero and the XVI Century Italian and European cultures
Matamoros, Ponce Fernando. "Religion et politique dans la pensée coloniale : prophétie et millénarisme dans la légitimation de la conquête : Colomb, Cortés, Sahagún et Mendieta." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0027.
Full textBarriera, Darío Gabriel. "Vers une histoire politique configurationnelle : conquérants, familles et rapports de pouvoir dans une ville aux confins de l'empire espagnol (Santa Fe, Rio de la Plata, XVI-XVII siècles)." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0040.
Full textFaure, Marie-Rose. "Elaboration du concept de vie lors du voyage aux terres australes (1801-1804)." Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHESA013.
Full textPoezevara, Guillaume. "Fouille de graphes pour la découverte de contrastes entre classes : application à l'estimation de la toxicité des molécules." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01018425.
Full textHammal, Mohamed Ali. "Contribution à la découverte de sous-groupes corrélés : Application à l’analyse des systèmes territoriaux et des réseaux alimentaires." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI024.
Full textBetter feeding cities in quantity and quality, especially large cities, is a major challenge, whose resolution requires a better understanding of the relationships between urban populations and their food. On the scale of urban food systems, we need to understand the availability of food resources crossed with the socio-economic profiles of the territories. But we lack tools and methods to systematically understand the relationships between consumption basins, supply and eating habits. The objective of this thesis is to contribute to the development of new IT tools to process temporal, heterogeneous and multi-sources data in order to identify and characterize behaviors specific to a geographic area. For this, we rely on the joint exploration of gradual patterns, to discover rank correlations, and subgroups in order to find contexts for which the correlations described by the gradual patterns are exceptionally strong compared to the remaining of the data. We propose an enumeration algorithm based on pruning properties with upper bounds, as well as another algorithm which samples the patterns according to the quality measure. These approaches are validated not only on benchmark datasets, but also through an empirical study of the formation of food deserts in the Lyon urban area
Gallet, Jean-Charles. "La neige du plateau antarctique. Surface spécifique et applications." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00536162.
Full textDelluc, Claire. "Les pays arctiques du continent américain : histoire d'un savoir géographique jusqu'à l'aube du XXe siècle." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010631.
Full textThe investigation of the history of the geographical knowledge of the American artic lasted for 4 years. It was surely too short, considering how complex the topics to be discovered were. Which steps the western thought had to go by to integrate the nordic immensity which seemed so strange to it. I thus went back to the first echoes we heard of : "the heroic times" - throughout fifteen hundred years, few names of those times paved the way to exploration. In the 14th and 15th centuries, the west had a certain knowledge of the accross- the-seas lands. The people and their leaders were seized by a strong curiosity : the way to cathay's land brought the european leadership to its discoverer. Through the 17th and 18th centuries, the map of the artic world was set up, as expeditions succeeded one another, the english and the french fight but the perception of another world is born. The map technics improve, sailing and the ships improve. Important names of discoverers are found throughout the 19th century. Thanks to the technical means of the 20th century, the big north is no longer unknown, including Alaska and Labrador
Blais, Hélène. "Les voyages français dans le Pacifique : pratique de l'espace, savoirs géographiques et expansion coloniale : (1815-1845)." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0049.
Full textAdam, Amélie. "Un générique unique : analyse identitaire, historique et toponymique de la notion de " fleuve " au Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30275.
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