Relevant bibliographies by topics / Decoy drugs

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Decoy drugs'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Decoy drugs"

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Suzuki, Jun-ichi, Mitsuaki Isobe, Ryuichi Morishita, and Ryozo Nagai. "Nucleic Acid Drugs for Prevention of Cardiac Rejection." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2009 (2009): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/916514.

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Heart transplantation has been broadly performed in humans. However, occurrence of acute and chronic rejection has not yet been resolved. Several inflammatory factors, such as cytokines and adhesion molecules, enhance the rejection. The graft arterial disease (GAD), which is a type of chronic rejection, is characterized by intimal thickening comprised of proliferative smooth muscle cells. Specific treatments that target the attenuation of acute rejection and GAD formation have not been well studied in cardiac transplantation. Recent progress in the nucleic acid drugs, such as antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) to regulate the transcription of disease-related genes, has important roles in therapeutic applications. Transfection of cis-element double-stranded DNA, named as “decoy,” has been also reported to be a useful nucleic acid drug. This decoy strategy has been not only a useful method for the experimental studies of gene regulation but also a novel clinical strategy. In this paper, we reviewed the experimental results ofNF-κB, E2F, AP-1, and STAT-1 decoy and other ODNs using the experimental heart transplant models.
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MORISHITA, RYUICHI, MOTOKUNI AOKI, and YASUFUMI KANEDA. "Decoy Oligodeoxynucleotides As Novel Cardiovascular Drugs for Cardiovascular Disease." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 947, no. 1 (January 25, 2006): 294–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03950.x.

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Аrtykov, Аrtem А., Dmitry A. Belov, Victoria O. Shipunova, Daria B. Trushina, Sergey M. Deyev, Dmitry A. Dolgikh, Mikhail P. Kirpichnikov, and Marine E. Gasparian. "Chemotherapeutic Agents Sensitize Resistant Cancer Cells to the DR5-Specific Variant DR5-B more Efficiently than to TRAIL by Modulating the Surface Expression of Death and Decoy Receptors." Cancers 12, no. 5 (April 30, 2020): 1129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12051129.

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TRAIL is considered a promising antitumor agent because it causes apoptosis of transformed cells without affecting normal cells. However, many types of tumors are cytokine resistant, and combination therapy with various chemotherapeutic drugs is being developed to overcome the resistance. We have demonstrated that the combination of TRAIL with doxorubicin, bortezomib, and panobinostat dramatically reduced the viability of TRAIL-resistant A549 and HT-29 cells. Chemotherapy even more efficiently sensitized cells to the DR5-specific mutant variant of TRAIL DR5-B, which does not have an affinity for decoy receptors. Bortezomib and doxorubicin greatly enhanced the surface expression of the death receptors DR5 and DR4, while panobinostat increased expression of DR5 and suppressed expression of DR4 in both cell lines. All drugs increased surface expression of the decoy receptors DcR1 and DcR2. Unlike the combined treatment, if the cells were pretreated with chemotherapy for 24 h, the cytotoxic activity of TRAIL was less pronounced, while sequential treatment of cells enhanced the effectiveness of DR5-B. The same results were obtained with agonistic anti-DR5 antibodies. Thus, the effectiveness of TRAIL was rather limited due to changes in the ratio of death and decoy receptors and DR5-specific agonists may be preferred in combination antitumor therapy regimens.
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Federico, Isabella, Francesca Federico, Fernando Rojas, James Zapf, and Babak Esmaeli-Azad. "A Medical Countermeasure Against Drugs of Abuse with Detoxifying Biomimetic “Nanosponge” Decoy Receptors Directed Against Opioid Drugs and Methamphetamines." FASEB Journal 34, S1 (April 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.04493.

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Chandra, Naresh, Lars Frängsmyr, and Niklas Arnberg. "Decoy Receptor Interactions as Novel Drug Targets against EKC-Causing Human Adenovirus." Viruses 11, no. 3 (March 12, 2019): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11030242.

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Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) is a severe ocular disease and can lead to visual impairment. Human adenovirus type-37 (HAdV-D37) is one of the major causative agents of EKC and uses sialic acid (SA)-containing glycans as cellular receptors. Currently, there are no approved antivirals available for the treatment of EKC. Recently, we have reported that sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) bind to HAdV-D37 via the fiber knob (FK) domain of the viral fiber protein and function as decoy receptors. Based on this finding, we speculated that GAG-mimetics may act as artificial decoy receptors and inhibit HAdV-D37 infection. Repurposing of approved drugs to identify new antivirals has drawn great attention in recent years. Here, we report the antiviral effect of suramin, a WHO-approved drug and a widely known GAG-mimetic, against HAdV-D37. Commercially available suramin analogs also show antiviral effects against HAdV-D37. We demonstrate that suramin exerts its antiviral activity by inhibiting the attachment of HAdV-D37 to cells. We also reveal that the antiviral effect of suramin is HAdV species-specific. Collectively, in this proof of concept study, we demonstrate for the first time that virus binding to a decoy receptor constitutes a novel and an unexplored target for antiviral drug development.
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Rao, Lang, Shuai Xia, Wei Xu, Rui Tian, Guocan Yu, Chenjian Gu, Pan Pan, et al. "Decoy nanoparticles protect against COVID-19 by concurrently adsorbing viruses and inflammatory cytokines." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 44 (October 6, 2020): 27141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2014352117.

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The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has highlighted the urgent need to rapidly develop therapeutic strategies for such emerging viruses without effective vaccines or drugs. Here, we report a decoy nanoparticle against COVID-19 through a powerful two-step neutralization approach: virus neutralization in the first step followed by cytokine neutralization in the second step. The nanodecoy, made by fusing cellular membrane nanovesicles derived from human monocytes and genetically engineered cells stably expressing angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2) receptors, possesses an antigenic exterior the same as source cells. By competing with host cells for virus binding, these nanodecoys effectively protect host cells from the infection of pseudoviruses and authentic SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, relying on abundant cytokine receptors on the surface, the nanodecoys efficiently bind and neutralize inflammatory cytokines including interleukin 6 (IL-6) and granulocyte−macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and significantly suppress immune disorder and lung injury in an acute pneumonia mouse model. Our work presents a simple, safe, and robust antiviral nanotechnology for ongoing COVID-19 and future potential epidemics.
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Sumbria, Rachita K., Ruben J. Boado, and William M. Pardridge. "Brain Protection from Stroke with Intravenous TNFα Decoy Receptor-Trojan Horse Fusion Protein." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 32, no. 10 (June 20, 2012): 1933–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2012.97.

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Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- α is produced in brain in response to acute cerebral ischemia, and promotes neuronal apoptosis. Biologic TNF inhibitors (TNFIs), such as the etanercept, cannot be developed as new stroke treatments because these large molecule drugs do not cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB). A BBB-penetrating biologic TNFI was engineered by fusion of the type II human TNF receptor (TNFR) to each heavy chain of a genetically engineered chimeric monoclonal antibody (MAb) against the mouse transferrin receptor (TfR), designated as cTfRMAb-TNFR fusion protein. The cTfRMAb domain of the fusion protein acts as a molecular Trojan horse to deliver the fused TNFR across the BBB. Etanercept or the cTfRMAb-TNFR fusion protein (1 mg/kg) was administered intravenously in adult mice subjected to 1-hour reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion up to 90 minutes after the occlusion. Neuroprotection was assessed at 24 hours or 7 days after occlusion. The cTfRMAb-TNFR fusion protein treatment caused a significant 45%, 48%, 42%, and 54% reduction in hemispheric, cortical, and subcortical stroke volumes, and neural deficit, respectively. Intravenous etanercept had no therapeutic effect. Biologic TNFIs can be reengineered for BBB penetration, and the IgG-TNFR fusion protein is therapeutic after delayed intravenous administration in experimental stroke.
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Rastoin, Olivia, Gilles Pagès, and Maeva Dufies. "Experimental Models in Neovascular Age Related Macular Degeneration." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 13 (June 29, 2020): 4627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21134627.

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Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (vAMD), characterized by the neo-vascularization of the retro-foveolar choroid, leads to blindness within few years. This disease depends on angiogenesis mediated by the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF) and to inflammation. The only available treatments consist of monthly intravitreal injections of antibodies directed against VEGF or VEGF/VEGFB/PlGF decoy receptors. Despite their relative efficacy, these drugs only delay progression to blindness and 30% of the patients are insensitive to these treatments. Hence, new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. Experimental models of vAMD are essential to screen different innovative therapeutics. The currently used in vitro and in vivo models in ophthalmic translational research and their relevance are discussed in this review.
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Loiarro, Maria, Vito Ruggiero, and Claudio Sette. "Targeting TLR/IL-1R Signalling in Human Diseases." Mediators of Inflammation 2010 (2010): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/674363.

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The members of Toll-like receptor/Interleukin (IL)-1 receptor (TLR/IL-1R) superfamily play a fundamental role in the immune response. These receptors detect microbial components and trigger complex signalling pathways that result in increased expression of multiple inflammatory genes. On the other hand, an aberrant activation of TLR/IL-1R signalling can promote the onset of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, raising the interest in the development of therapeutic strategies for the control of their function. In this review, we illustrate the structural and functional features of TLR/IL-1R proteins and discuss some recent advances in the approaches undertaken to develop anti-inflammatory therapeutic drugs. In particular, we will focus on inhibitors, such as decoy peptides and synthetic mimetics, that interfere with protein-protein interactions between signalling molecules of the TLR/IL-1R superfamily. Given their central role in innate and adaptive immune responses, it is foreseen that pharmaceutical modulation of TLR/IL-1R signalling pathways by these drugs might yield clinical benefits in the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Wesselborg, Sebastian, Ingo H. Engels, Evi Rossmann, Marek Los, and Klaus Schulze-Osthoff. "Anticancer Drugs Induce Caspase-8/FLICE Activation and Apoptosis in the Absence of CD95 Receptor/Ligand Interaction." Blood 93, no. 9 (May 1, 1999): 3053–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v93.9.3053.

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Abstract Proteases of the caspase family are the critical executioners of apoptosis. Their activation has been mainly studied upon triggering of death receptors, such as CD95 (Fas/APO-1) and tumor necrosis factor-R1, which recruit caspase-8/FLICE as the most proximal effector to the receptor complex. Because apoptosis induced by anticancer drugs has been proposed to involve CD95/CD95 ligand interaction, we investigated the mechanism of caspase activation by daunorubicin, doxorubicin, etoposide, and mitomycin C. In Jurkat leukemic T cells, all drugs induced apoptosis and the cleavage of procaspase-8 to its active p18 subunit. However, cells resistant to CD95 were equally susceptible to anticancer drugs and activated caspase-8 with a similar kinetic and dose response as CD95-sensitive cells. The broad caspase inhibitor benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone prevented apoptosis and caspase-8 activation in response to CD95 and drug treatment, whereas a neutralizing CD95 decoy as well as a dominant-negative FADD construct selectively abrogated CD95, but not drug-induced effects. A potent activation of caspase-8 was also induced by cycloheximide, indicating that it was independent of protein synthesis. Our data, therefore, show that (1) anticancer drug-induced apoptosis does not require de novo synthesis of death ligands or CD95 interaction, and (2) that caspase-8 can be activated in the absence of a death receptor signaling.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Decoy drugs"

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Hendricks, Gabriel L. "Modulating Influenza and Heparin Binding Viruses’ Pathogenesis with Extrinsic Receptor Decoy Liposomes: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2013. http://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/674.

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Influenza is a severe disease in humans and animals, causing upwards of 40,000 deaths every year in America alone. Influenza A virus (IAV) also causes periodic pandemics every 10 to 50 years, killing millions of people. Despite this, very few effective therapies are available. All strains of IAV are prone to developing resistance to antibodies due to the high mutation rate in the viral genome. Because of this mutation rate, a yearly vaccine must be generated before every flu season, and efficacy varies year to year. IAV has also mutated to escape several of the clinically-approved small molecule inhibitors. A therapeutic agent that targets a highly conserved region of the virus could bypass resistance and also be effective against multiple strains of IAV. IAV attachment is mediated by many individually weak hemagglutinin–sialic acid interactions that all together make a strong attachment to a host cell. Polymerized sialic acid analogs can recreate these interactions and block infection. However, they are not ideal therapeutics due to solubility issues and in vivo toxicity. We used liposomes as a novel means for delivery of the sialic acid-containing glycan, sialylneolacto-N-tetraose c (LSTc). LSTcbearing decoy liposomes form multivalent, polymer-like interactions with IAV. Decoy liposomes competitively bind IAV in hemagglutination inhibition assays and inhibit infection of target cells in a dose-dependent manner. LSTc decoy liposomes co-localize with IAV, while control liposomes do not. Inhibition is specific, as inhibition of Sendai virus and respiratory syncytial virus is not observed. In contrast, monovalent LSTc does not bind IAV or inhibit infectivity. LSTc decoy liposomes prevent the spread of IAV during multiple rounds of replication in vitro and extend survival of mice challenged with a lethal dose of virus. Considering the conservation of the hemagglutinin binding pocket and the ability of decoy liposomes to form high-avidity interactions with IAV hemagglutinin, our decoy liposomes have potential as a new therapeutic agent against emerging strains.
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Svensson, Johanna. "Methodological aspects within the FMCA-method : do incubation time and the amount of tumor cells influence the antitumoral effect?" Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9235.

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ABSTRACT

Chemotherapy is a common method used for cancer treatment. Especially when it concerns cancers that have grown invasively it seems to be the only efficient treatment due to the substances ability to reach and affect almost the entire body. One major obstacle regarding chemotherapy is that the patients often develop resistance to the cytotoxic substances used. Fluorometric microculture cytotoxicity assay (FMCA) is a method developed to measure sensitivity of tumor cells to different cytotoxic substances in vitro. The assay is based on hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate to fluorescein by cells with intact cell membranes after incubation with drugs for 72 hours. This study investigated the impact of two methodological factors that may cause errors in the achieved results; namely the possible occurrence of drug decay during incubation and the use of an inappropriate amount of cells. These factors were tested by exposing the cytotoxic drugs to pre-incubation in absence of tumor cells for different times and to use suspensions with different concentrations of cells. The results indicated occurrence of drug decay in 3 of the 18 substances tested and that the amount of cells affected the results for most of the drugs tested but to different extent.

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Motyčka, Lukáš. "Radiofrekvenční metoda detekce výbušnin a drog - NQR." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219982.

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The thesis deals with RF spectroscopic methods, which are applicable for the detection of hazardous substances such as explosives or drugs. Particular attention is focused on promising method of nuclear quadrupole resonance. Abroad this method has recently been applied in the detection of energetic materials in hazardous locations. The cornerstone of the nuclear quadrupole resonance is to evaluate the interaction between electromagnetic radiation, in the range of medium to very short waves, and the researched substance. Observed parameter are the resonant frequencies of the substance. Spectral analysis of signal is used for their evaluation. Resonant frequencies are always typical for the crystalline structure, therefore every explosive or drug is clearly identifiable by this method.
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Lee, Pei-Wei, and 李珮瑋. "On the design of STAT3/ NF-kB dual decoy oligonucleotide drug for cancer cell inhibition." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58784493750500474385.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
生物產業機電工程學研究所
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Drug specificity and anti-tumor efficiency is the most concerned issue in cancer therapy. Decoy oligodeoxynucleotide (dODN) is a cancer drug which not only targets cancer cells but also has high specificity. dODNs can combine with the promoter of transcription factors (TFs) and interrupt the signal transduce pathway that lead cancer cells undergoing apoptosis. In this study, we designed and developed a novel caner treatment, the dual decoy oligonucleotide drug by transfecting STAT3 and NF-kB dODNs to the the cancer cells simutaneously that do the synergistic effect and enhance the inhibition efficiency. The study indicates that the individual dODNs of the dual dODN drugs maintain their B-form structures stably without interfering with each other. The resarch also shows that the dual dODN drugs are able to inhibit the growth of beast and prostate cancer cells by blocking both activation pathways of STAT3 and NF-kB even in a very low concentration (=10 nM). The survival rates of cancer cells caused by dual dODN drugs are around 40% which are siginificantly lower than single dODN drugs; however, the cells survival rates keep high in normal cells that refers to their high specificity to cancer cells. Besides, through the expression of Survivin, IkBa, Bcl-xL and Cylin-D1, we imply the dual dODN drugs can enhance their anti-cancer efficiency by dual pathway intervention (NF-kB dependent and indepentdent pathway). In the last part of this research, we show that the efficiency of dual dODN drugs is relavent to the amount of STAT3 and NF-kB in cancer cells which can be the foundation of optimization. In sum, the study developed and optimized a dual dODN drug on the basis of STAT3-hpdODN to improve the inhibition efficiency of cancer cells through dual pathway intervention which has the potential to be a simple and efficient cancer therapy.
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Monteiro, Débora Rafaela Soares. "Medicamentos pediátricos e cárie dentária : perceções e atitudes dos médicos de medicina geral e familiar." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/22192.

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Introdução: A grande maioria dos medicamentos líquidos desenvolvidos para crianças têm na sua composição algum tipo de açúcar, de forma a tornar a sua ingestão mais agradável, o que lhes confere um potencial cariogénico aumentado. Os médicos de medicina geral e familiar estão envolvidos no acompanhamento do paciente pediátrico, na função de controlar a sua saúde sistémica que exige, muitas vezes, a prescrição de medicamentos líquidos infantis. Como promotores de saúde, que contactam rotineiramente com os pacientes pediátricos, esta especialidade médica tem um papel muito importante na prevenção de patologias orais, das quais a cárie possui grande destaque. O objetivo geral deste estudo foi avaliar, numa análise descritiva, as perceções e atitudes destes profissionais de saúde face ao potencial cariogénico dos medicamentos líquidos pediátricos, quando estes são administrados de forma regular, tendo em conta a composição açucarada dos mesmos e os fatores causais e predisponentes da patologia indicada. Material e Métodos: Efetuou-se um questionário on-line a 107 médicos de medicina geral e familiar, a nível nacional. Foi realizada uma pesquisa na bula dos diferentes fármacos mais prescritos através do Infarmed. Resultados: 86% dos médicos de medicina geral e familiar considera haver uma relação entre a toma de medicamentos líquidos pediátricos e o aparecimento de lesões de cárie, o que demonstra uma consciência razoável quanto à relação entre o uso de medicamentos líquidos pediátricos, de modo prolongado, e os defeitos dentários que podem advir do mesmo, devido ao seu forte potencial cariogénico. No entanto, apenas 26,2% dos mesmos médicos alertam para a importância de realizar check-ups dentários, quando o paciente toma medicamentos líquidos pediátricos, de forma regular. Além disso, a maior percentagem de clínicos não realiza recomendação de bochechos de água, após a toma (83,2%). De igual forma, mais de metade dos profissionais de saúde não motiva ou instrui para a higiene oral (54,2%), após a toma do medicamento. À exceção de dois clínicos, todos os outros (98,1%) não recomendam o uso de pastilha elástica, sem açúcar, após a toma dos fármacos. Conclusões: Conclui-se assim, que a grande maioria dos médicos de medicina geral e familiar não aconselha qualquer tipo de cuidado médico dentário preventivo/intercetivo, após a toma do medicamento líquido pediátrico, o que demonstra que, apesar de terem conhecimento do problema, existe falta de sensibilização dos mesmos para esta temática.
Introduction: The vast majority of drugs in the form of suspension, designed for children, have some kind of sugar in their composition, in order to make their intake more enjoyable, which gives them an increased cariogenic potential. Family medicine physicians are involved in monitoring pediatric patients, controlling their systemic health, fact that often requires the prescription of liquid medications. As health promoters, who routinely contact with pediatric patients, this medical specialty has a very important role in the prevention of oral diseases, including caries. The aim of this study was to evaluate in a descriptive analysis, the perceptions and attitudes of these health professionals about the cariogenic potential of pediatric liquid medicines, particularly when they are administered on a regular basis, taking into account the sugar composition and the causal and predisposing factors for the indicated pathology. Methods: We conducted an online questionnaire to 107 doctors nationally. A survey was made in the package of different drugs through Infarmed. Results: 86% of general practitioners considers the relationship between the intake of pediatric liquid medicines and the appearance of carious lesions, which demonstrates a reasonable awareness of the relationship between the use of pediatric liquid medicines and dental defects, because of its strong cariogenic potential. However, only 26.2% of them pay attention to the importance of performing dental check-ups when the patient takes pediatric liquid medicines regularly. In addition, the greater percentage of clinical recommendation does not perform water rinses after medicine intake (83.2%). Similarly, more than half of health professionals does not motivate or instruct for oral hygiene (54.2%), after taking the medicine. Except for two clinical, all others (98.1%) do not recommend the use of chewing gum, sugarless, after taking the drugs. Conclusions: We conclude that the vast majority of general and family doctors do not advise any kind of preventive dental health care after taking pediatric liquid medicines, which shows that, despite knowledge of the problem, there is lack of awareness.
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Books on the topic "Decoy drugs"

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Urban decay: Adolescent separatism, rap culture and mainstream America. San Francisco, Calif: Austin & Winfield Publishers, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Decoy drugs"

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Osako, Mariana Kiomy, Hironori Nakagami, and Ryuichi Morishita. "Development and Modification of Decoy Oligodeoxynucleotides for Clinical Application." In Nucleic Acid Drugs, 49–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/12_2011_139.

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Tallarida, Ronald J., and Rodney B. Murray. "First-Order Drug Decay." In Manual of Pharmacologic Calculations, 69–71. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4974-0_22.

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"Decoy Oligodeoxynucleotides as Viable Pharmaceutical Drugs." In Synthetic Nucleic Acids as Inhibitors of Gene Expression, 177–92. CRC Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420037890-16.

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Tomita, Naruya, Toshio Ogihara, and Ryuichi Morishita. "Decoy Oligodeoxynucleotides as Viable Pharmaceutical Drugs." In Synthetic Nucleic Acids as Inhibitors of Gene Expression, 161–75. CRC Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420037890.ch10.

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Talati, Ishaben, and Poonam Prakash Mishra. "Optimal Integrated Inventory Policy for Deteriorating Units Under Selling-Price-Dependent Demand When Holding Cost Is Capacity-Utilization Dependent." In Handbook of Research on Promoting Business Process Improvement Through Inventory Control Techniques, 74–89. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3232-3.ch005.

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Conventional EOQ models always discussed profit maximization for one player at a time. But modern approach of supply chain suggests that growing and sustainable supply chain is possible only when benefits of all members of chain are protected. This chapter proposes an integrated model of supply chain where units in inventory are subjected to time dependent deterioration. Since demand is inversely proportional to selling price of the item, it is assumed selling price dependent. To make it more practical and feasible permissible delay on payments is offered only on purchase of a certain amount of quantity. This chapter helps to offer an algorithm to attain optimal number of orders, quantity, selling price and trade credit to maximize the joint profit of supply chain. Isolated profit of supply chain is compared with overall system profit. Results are validated by numerical examples and further sensitivity analyses of important parameters are discussed. Conclusion obtained from the chapter is useful to supply chains involved with FMCGs, Drugs, Fashion goods and home decor textile.
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"1988 b Feature Award. About Describing and Analyzing the Gradual Decay of Drug Consumers in 1987." In Press Photography Award 1942–1998, 203–6. De Gruyter Saur, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110955767-074.

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Lipsey, John R. "Electroconvulsive Therapy." In Psychiatric Aspects of Neurologic Diseases. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195309430.003.0029.

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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a highly effective intervention for severe major depression (American Psychiatric Association Committee on Electroconvulsive Therapy, 2001). ECT is most often used because pharmacotherapy has failed. In certain clinical situations, however, ECT is the initial treatment of choice. Ten to fifteen percent of patients with major depression fail to respond to antidepressants. Such outcomes may persist despite adequate treatment with multiple classes of antidepressant drugs (Rush et al., 2006) and other pharmacologic augmentation strategies (eg, the addition of lithium to an antidepressant). Eventually, social relationships and work performance decline as patients lose hope and other depressive symptoms worsen in intensity. ECT should be strongly considered for such patients because many may fully recover with it. Those with an episodic, rather than chronic, course of depressive disorder are most likely to respond. Patients with persistent suicidal intention or actions are often given ECT as primary treatment because it would be dangerous to undergo a potentially prolonged series of medication trials while the patient remained at risk of self-injury. Similarly, those with severe inanition, psychomotor retardation, and depressionrelated immobility are usually treated with ECT first, to avoid medical complications such as aspiration, atelectasis, pneumonia, other infections, decubitus ulcers, and venous thrombosis. In both of these classes of patients, ECT is much more likely than antidepressants to rapidly improve depressive symptoms. Although delusionally depressed patients may respond to a combination of an antidepressant and neuroleptic, they are more likely to respond to ECT and to do so rapidly. The mental suffering associated with depressive delusions (eg, of hopelessness, criminality, bodily decay, or self-loathing) is often unbearable, and the patient’s response to such beliefs may make behavior impulsive and unpredictable. ECT is the treatment of choice to accelerate recovery and enhance patient safety. Catatonic patients almost always respond quickly to ECT and should be treated with it early. Although a minority of catatonics have a sustained positive response to benzodiazepines, this improvement is usually transient, and ECT is then required. Other medications are rarely effective. Retarded and agitated forms of catatonia are dangerous for the patient, and effective treatment with ECT should not be delayed.
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Harrison, Rodney, and John Schofield. "Field Methods." In After Modernity. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199548071.003.0008.

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In Chapter 1 we suggested that the archaeology of the contemporary past is a critical inquiry into the present using archaeological approaches originally developed to look at the past. But how, precisely, does one undertake an archaeological study of the contemporary past, and what do practitioners more familiar with earlier periods bring with them to this particular type of archaeological enquiry? Is this archaeology of the very recent past so different to that of earlier periods? Is it simply a matter of transferring skills from more familiar grounds of the deeper past? We suggest that to large extent it is, though recognizing at least one key difference: the degree to which our diverse cultural backgrounds and life experiences will influence the way we think about and interpret material remains that often seem closely familiar. In this chapter we look particularly at the ways in which an archaeology of the contemporary past is informed by oral accounts and living memories, and at approaches to recording and analysing complex and multi-layered contemporary landscapes in which the past is manifest as an integral part of the present. Following the work of Michael Schiffer (1987), most archaeologists are used to thinking about the archaeological record as the cumulative product of both cultural and natural forces over the full course of human existence, from the Lower Palaeolithic until the moment just passed. But there are obvious differences with the way human behaviour is constructed and transformed into an archaeological record. When considering the archaeology of the contemporary past, for example, many of the natural processes that lead to the decay and deterioration of traditional archaeological sites are not present. And in many ways, the cultural site formation processes are more varied, resulting in archaeological sites of the recent past being either extremely well or very poorly preserved. Comparatively few modern buildings simply deteriorate for example, the more likely outcome being a decision to renovate, modernize, upgrade, or demolish and replace. Those buildings and places that are just abandoned to their fate are interesting because they are often adopted for truly alternative uses, sometimes becoming the characteristic places of those at the margins of contemporary society, as squats for example, or places for play, or where drugs are taken and alcohol consumed.
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Conference papers on the topic "Decoy drugs"

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Susyadi, Andi S. Ekariansyah, Hendro Tjahjono, and D. T. Sony Tjahyani. "Analysis on inadvertent operation of decay heat removal system in NuScale reactor." In THE 4TH BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING’S RECENT PROGRESS IN BIOMATERIALS, DRUGS DEVELOPMENT, HEALTH, AND MEDICAL DEVICES: Proceedings of the International Symposium of Biomedical Engineering (ISBE) 2019. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5135523.

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Figura Lange, Karen, and Sandra Davis Lakeman. "An Allegory of Good Government: A Comparison of Gothic Siena and Modern Los Angeles." In 1995 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.1995.26.

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As our American cities struggle with the problems of growth and development, the human initiated disasters of crime and violence threaten the very existence of the urban core ofmost large cities. Los Angeles dominates the American crime scene with its gangs and drug dealers, where violent crime will strike one in every three Angelenos in their lifetime. The city is a leading example of environmental disintegration preceding rampant crime. In fact, environmental decay, drug use and crime continue to rise apparently in collaboration with each other. Additionally, the social service organizations are overwhelmed by the influx of immigrants, teenage pregnancy, and AIDS.
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de Lemos, Marcelo J. S. "Turbulent Flow in a Channel Containing a Moving Saturated Permeable Medium." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67632.

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Moving beds are present in a number of engineering equipment. Their analyses contribute to improvement of many energy and material production processes. Here, transport equations for flow in a moving bed reactor are presented. Such device is modeled as a saturated porous matrix with a steady speed. Transport equations are time-and-volume averaged and additional form and viscous drags, due to the porous structure, are assumed to be a function of the relative velocity between phases. Turbulence equations reflect their dependence on the speed of the solid substrate. Results show the decay of turbulent kinetic energy levels as the solid speed approaches the speed of the moving fluid.
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Park, Jeong Eun, Lee Spraggon, Elisa de Stanchina, and Luca Cartegni. "Abstract 1836: Induction of secreted soluble decoy EGFR variants by splicing interference overcomes drug resistance in human non-small cell lung cancer." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2018; April 14-18, 2018; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-1836.

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Sapsaman, Temsiri, and Harvey Lipkin. "Improving the Efficiency of Protein Conformation Prediction With Energy Landscape Modification." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86863.

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Since the native conformation or the natural shape of a protein largely determines its function, a prediction of protein conformation can shorten the process of drug discovery. This prediction is an optimization search to locate a configuration associated with the global minimum energy for the molecule. Due to the complexity of the multidimensional energy landscape, the prediction process can be extensive, which leads to very long simulation run times. For example, a high-resolution structure prediction algorithm [1] refining 20,000 to 30,000 models of several 49 to 88 residue long molecules takes about 150 CPU days per molecule. This paper presents the method of modified energy landscape (MEL) that improves the efficiency of the Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (BFGS) method by 12.8% on average, and more than 30% in some cases for a representative sample of cases. Since the efficiency improvement allows the probabilistic search to cover more areas of the energy landscape, locating the global minimum is more likely. Also, in a practical protein prediction running coarse refinements on more decoys is more preferable than comprehensively refining few decoys because of the low accuracy of energy functions. Therefore, the MEL can significantly improve the protein prediction simulation even though it yields less average score improvement. The MEL is implemented in a refinement protocol in Rosetta [2].
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Thornley, David John, Kareena McCrindle, Stephen Rayner, Jonathan Sharpe, Czeslaw Pienkowski, and Carl Phillips. "The Application of Additional, Off-Line, Analysis Techniques to PCM Monitor Results to Aid the Efficient and Cost Effective Repackaging of Legacy PCM Wastes Containing Calcium and Potentially Plutonium Fluoride." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16034.

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There are a small number of legacy, orphan waste, PCM (Plutonium Contaminated Material) drums at Sellafield Site containing calcium metal potentially contaminated by plutonium (Pu), some of which may be in the form of plutonium fluoride (PuF4). These drums were measured on a TRU-D® PCM Drum Monitor to give a Nuclear Safety value for the Pu mass based on Neutron Coincidence Counting (NCC) and the Pu isotopic composition measured for each drum using a germanium detector based High Resolution Gamma Spectrometry system. In some circumstances the presence of Pu in the form of PuF4 can cause a significant overestimate of the measured Pu mass. This is as a result of alphas emitted by the spontaneous decay of Pu isotopes interacting with light elements such as fluorine, resulting in the emission of “random” (alpha, n) neutrons. The potential overestimate may be very large for total neutron counting based systems if the presence of PuF4 is not accounted for in the system calibration. However, significant quantities of PuF4 may also result in overestimates for NCC systems due to potentially large statistical uncertainties in the measurement results caused by accidental coincidences involving the random (alpha, n) neutrons. Therefore in some circumstances, less pessimistic measurements may be obtained from the total neutron count, corrected using the measured “PuF4 ratio”. Standard TRU-D® Drum Monitor measurements of the calcium containing drums were carried out by plant operators. Relevant data was then downloaded from the plant instrument allowing additional off-line techniques to be applied to the high resolution gamma spectra associated with each drum. These spectra are routinely generated as part of the standard TRU-D® PCM Drum Monitor measurement. This analysis was based on the patented PuF4 analysis technique developed by VT Nuclear Services personnel to determine the mass ratio of Pu in the form of PuF4 to total Pu mass using the PuF4 reaction gammas and standard Pu gammas observed in the gamma spectrum. This additional, off-line analysis reduces the potential overestimate in the Pu Nuclear Safety Mass associated with each drum aiding the repackaging of the legacy material into Bull Pit cans. Following this, similar measurements and off-line analysis was carried out for the filled Bull Pit cans using a TRU-D® PCM Piece Monitor set up and commissioned specifically for this task. The further analysis results allowed the Bull Pit cans to be efficiently and cost effectively packed in 200 litre drums. The resulting new 200 litre drums were then measured using a standard, routinely operated TRU-D® PCM Drum Monitor for final sentencing (again taking into account off-line PuF4 analysis) to allow safe and secure storage. This paper describes the work carried out and the additional off-line PuF4 analysis techniques and how they have been applied within the exacting demands of Nuclear Safety in support of legacy material treatment and ultimate safe storage.
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Saaibi, Ana M., and Malisa Sarntinoranont. "An Infusion and Pressure System to Measure Hydraulic Conductivity at a Microscale Level." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-193011.

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In studies on nervous tissues, researchers have investigated the relationship between tracer distributions, infusion pressure, flow rate, and tissue properties to optimize and implement infusion techniques [1]. Intratumoral infusion studies have also measured pressure gradients in vitro and determined how drug delivery depends on intrinsic tissue structures [2]. Measuring pressure gradients allows for the calculation of tissue transport properties such as hydraulic conductivity. This property is necessary for modeling extracellular flow and convective transport through tissues. However, it remains a challenge to measure in vivo pressure gradients due to difficulties in measuring small changes in pressure over short distances and the invasive nature of these experiments. Porous media models of infusion predict exponential decay of the pressure profile in tissues [3], but experimental studies to validate these results in biological tissue or hydrogels are lacking. In this study, we measured the pressure within a hydrogel at different distances from an infusion source. The measured pressure gradient was used to estimate hydraulic conductivity of the hydrogel. Eventually, the developed infusion-pressure testing system may be used to characterize hydraulic conductivity of biological tissues.
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Pe´rot, Bertrand, Jean-Luc Artaud, Christian Passard, and Anne-Ce´cile Raoux. "Experimental Qualification With a Scale One Mock-Up of the “Measurement and Sorting Unit” for Bituminized Waste Drums." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4597.

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Within the framework of the cleaning operation of the Marcoule reprocessing plant UP1 (France), the CEA (French Atomic Energy Commission) developed a measurement system for 225-liter drums filled with bituminized radioactive sludge originating from the effluent treatment. This work was carried out for the CODEM, which is an economic interest group made up of CEA, EDF (the French public utility) and COGEMA (the operator of UP1). CODEM is in charge of UP1 dismantling operations, especially waste retrieval. The bituminized waste drums mainly contain plutonium, americium, uranium, curium and various beta emitters among which some are responsible for significant gamma irradiation, such as 137Cs. The aim of this system is to sort the packages according to their radioactive level, so as to direct them towards the French Aube Center, which is a surface repository. This means they must meet the acceptance criteria related to their activities. Otherwise, they will remain in interim storage in Marcoule, pending the choice of a final mode of management (e.g. underground disposal). The assay system, called UTM (the French acronym for “Measurement and Sorting Unit”), consists of three stations devoted to active gamma imaging, gamma-ray spectroscopy and combined passive / active neutron measurements. After nearly 3 years of optimization and design studies [1], the CEA has built a scale one mock-up of UTM, called SYMETRIC. The purpose was to validate the performances formerly assessed by numerical simulation, mainly with the computer code MCNP [2]. We present here the experimental results obtained with SYMETRIC for five real bituminized waste drums. These confirm the expected performances in the measurement time assigned for each assay, which is limited to 1200 seconds. With the help of gamma imaging, we are able to determine the density of the bituminous mix with an uncertainty of ± 10% for a confidence level of 95%. We can also measure the filling height with an accuracy of ± 2 cm. These data allow us to correct matrix effects in gamma and neutron measurements. For these assays, the main results concern the detection limits and measurement uncertainties on 241Am, 239Pu and 240Pu. These radioisotopes represent the major part of the total alpha activity, which is a very sensitive parameter for surface disposal limited to a maximum level of about 10 GBq per drum. The alpha activity must be calculated after a radioactive decay of 300 years, which is the survey period of the French Aube Center. If we can detect the former isotopes, the uncertainties on their measured activities are roughly 50%. If not, the detection limits are around a few GBq. These performances are sufficient to allow the sorting of the drums to either surface repository or interim storage. However, in order to increase the margin between the detection limits and the acceptance criterion on the total alpha activity, additional studies on the optimization of the measurement performances will be carried out. In this context, the experience gained with the SYMETRIC mock-up will be very helpful.
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Willems, M., L. Krieckemans, P. Luycx, and A. Meeus. "The HRA/Solarium Project: Processing of Widely Varying High- and Medium-Level Waste." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1209.

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Abstract Starting in 2002, Belgoprocess will proceed with the treatment and conditioning of some 200 m3 of widely varying high- and medium-level wastes from earlier research and development work, to meet standard acceptance criteria for later disposal. The gross volume of primary and secondary packages amounts to 2,600 m3. The wastes have been kept in decay storage for up to 30 years. The project was started in 1998. Operation of the various processing facilities will take 7–8 years. The overall volume of conditioned waste will be of the order of 800 m3. All conditioned waste will be stored in appropriate storage facilities onsite. At present (August, 2000), the construction of a new processing facility is in progress and the call for venders for the equipment has been sent out. Several cells of the Pamela vitrification facility onsite will be adapted for the treatment of high-level and highly α-contaminated wastes; low-level β/γ wastes will be treated in the existing facility for supercompaction and conditioning by embedding into cement (CILVA). The bulk of these wastes, of which 95% are solids, the remainder consisting of mainly solidified liquids, have been produced between 1967 and 1988. They originate from various research programmes and reactor operation at the Belgian nuclear energy research centre SCK•CEN, isotope production, decontamination and dismantling operations. The wastes are stored in 4800 primary packages, of which 700 contain 120 g (5.1012 Bq) radium. Half the radium inventory is present in 25 containers. The presence of radium in waste packages, resulting in the emission of radon gas, requires particular measurements and the welding of packages for storage, in order to allow a correct interpretation of alpha measurements onsite. The total activity at the moment of production amounted to 18,811 TBq β/γ and 34.4 TBq α, with individual packages emitting up to 555 TBq β/γ and 2.2 TBq α. According to calculations, the β/γ activity has decreased to some 2,000 TBq, with individual packages up to 112 TBq. The extreme diversity of the wastes is not only expressed in their radiological characteristics, but also in their chemical composition, physical state, the nature and condition of the packages. Radioactivity ranges between 0.01 mCi to 1,000 Ci per package. Some packages contain resins, Na, NaK and Al containing wastes, poison rods, residues of fuel elements. Although most of the liquid wastes are solidified, a small fraction — both aqueous and organic — still remains liquid. Primary packages may be plastic bags, metal boxes, wire gauze, La Calène boxes; secondary packages may be steel drums and concrete containers. Solid wastes may be sources, counters, control and poison rods, nuclear fuel residues, filters, synthetic materials, metals, resins, granulates, rock, sludges, cables, glass … Some 1000 primary packages are stored in a dry storage vault comprising 20 concrete cells, while 3800 primary packages are stored in some 2,000 concrete containers, on a concrete floor, surrounded by an earth bank to the height of the waste stacking and covered by a metal construction. At present, the annual production of similar wastes amounts to 2 m3 divided over some 30 containers. Generally, the primary waste packages will be loaded in 80 l drums (an average of 2 packages per drum), and compacted in a 150 t hydraulic press. The pellets will be collected in 100 l drums (an average of 3 pellets per drum). Low-level β/γ waste is transferred to the CILVA facility for further treatment, while the other 100 l drums are filled up with sand and, in the case of radium-contaminated wastes, tight-welded. Subsequently, the 100 l drums are loaded into 400 l drums and embedded into cement. Certain packages, for example solidified radium-contaminated liquids in welded metal containers, are conditioned as such in overpacks. Specific procedures will be established for the various non-standard wastes, such as sources, control and poison rods, resins and filters, fuel residues. The new processing facility is being built partly over the dry storage vaults, in the immediate vicinity of the already covered storage area. It comprises 1) feeder locks for the introduction of the various waste packages; 2) a dispatching cell in which the primary packages are loaded into 80 l drums; 3) the processing cell in which the 80 l drums are compacted and the pellets loaded into 100 l drums; and either sent to the CILVA facility (low-level β/γ wastes), or the Pamela facility (highly active and/or heavily α-contaminated), or further treated in 4) the transport area, in which radium and medium-level waste containing drums are conditioned into cement; 5) the measurement and characterisation cell, in which the conditioned waste is characterized by gamma spectrometry, and checked for compliance with maximum allowed surface contamination and dose rate in view of interim storage in the appropriate facilities onsite. Ideally, gamma spectrometry measurements are carried out on the primary packages, but due to the extreme diversity of these packages, ranging from plastic bags containing cardboard to highly active steel valves, preference was given to measurements on the conditioned wastes, or at least on already pre-compacted wastes in the case of treatment in the 2,000 t press of the CILVA facility. Thus tremendous problems of calibration can be largely avoided. All operations are remotely controlled. Transfers between buildings are carried out within appropriately shielded containers and secondary wastes will be treated in existing facilities onsite.
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Anderson, Andy, Jon Jenkins, Charles Mitchell, and Richard Simmons. "Development of a Processing and Treatment Solution for a Thoria Waste Stream." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7204.

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Waste Management Technology Ltd (WMT) has developed the optimal process for immobilizing a solid waste contaminated with thorium dioxide (thoria). The physical and chemical characteristics of the waste present challenges to producing a wasteform acceptable for disposal. Also, high-energy radiation from thorium’s decay progeny requires a treatment plant with shielding and remote handling facilities. Key points of the paper are as follows. 1. Treatment options were investigated and the best practicable means identified as intimate mixing of the waste with cementitious grout. 2. Samples were analysed for particle size and organic contamination. 3. Small-scale active mixes resulted in a single treatment formulation for all the waste. Leach tests confirmed that the organic material is adequately retained within the immobilised waste provided activated carbon is included in the formulation. 4. Active mixes at the two litre scale confirmed that the formulation is mixable and the product acceptable and consistent with expectations from the earlier work. 5. WMT is constructing a treatment plant at its Winfrith site, based on remote grouting in a 200 litre drum with a sacrificial mixer. Inactive full-scale trials with such 200 litre drums were carried out after selection of simulants with the appropriate physical properties.
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