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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Deductive closure

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Academic literature on the topic 'Deductive closure'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Deductive closure"

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Levi, Isaac. "Deductive closure." Synthese 186, no. 2 (2011): 493–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11229-011-9996-3.

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Thorn, Paul D. "Against Deductive Closure." Theoria 83, no. 2 (2016): 103–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/theo.12103.

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White, James L. "Knowledge and deductive closure." Synthese 86, no. 3 (1991): 409–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00485268.

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Okasha, Samir. "Epistemic Justification and Deductive Closure." Crítica (México D. F. En línea) 31, no. 92 (1999): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/iifs.18704905e.1999.760.

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Naumov, Pavel. "On modal logic of deductive closure." Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 141, no. 1-2 (2006): 218–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apal.2005.11.002.

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Audi, Robert. "Justification, Deductive Closure and Reasons to Believe." Dialogue 30, no. 1-2 (1991): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217300013330.

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By deduction, we often extend both our knowledge and our justified belief. Moreover, in achieving knowledge or justified belief of some proposition, we commonly acquire justification for believing many of its entailed consequences, such as at least some of those that self-evidently follow from it. These and related facts have led some philosophers to endorse strong closure principles, for instance: If a person, S, is justified in believing a proposition, p, and p entails q, then S is justified in believing q. Others have denied such principles, whether for justification or, with the appropriat

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Vahid, Hamid. "DEDUCTIVE CLOSURE, SCEPTICISM AND THE PARADOXES OF CONFIRMATION." Ratio 8, no. 1 (1995): 70–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9329.1995.tb00070.x.

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Kamps, Jaap, and Michael Masuch. "Partial Deductive Closure: Logical Simulation and Management Science." Management Science 43, no. 9 (1997): 1229–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.43.9.1229.

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Peric, Marko. "The principle of deductive closure of knowledge and contextualism." Theoria, Beograd 61, no. 3 (2018): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/theo1803055p.

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The hypotheses of radical skeptics are so conceived to put the attributor of knowledge in such position that she can?t ascribe knowledge to anyone, because the subject can?t get proper evidence to exclude skeptical alternatives. There are several versions of the skeptical arguments by which she tries to point out the impossibility of knowledge ascriptions as direct consequence of the impossibility to rule out skeptical alternatives. All of those arguments are based on a very intuitive epistemological principle: if we know p, and if we know that p implies q, then we know q as well. This princip

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Audi, Robert. "Deductive Closure, Defeasibility and Scepticism: A Reply to Feldman." Philosophical Quarterly 45, no. 181 (1995): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2220313.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Deductive closure"

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Barke, Antonia C. J. "The closure of knowledge in context." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322670.

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Books on the topic "Deductive closure"

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Plambeck, Thane E. Semigroups and transitive closure in deductive databases. Dept. of Computer Science, Stanford University, 1990.

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Fitelson, Branden. Closure, Counter-Closure, and Inferential Knowledge. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198724551.003.0019.

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The chapter begins with some general remarks about closure and counter-closure, and is followed with a discussion of the following: I (a) review some (alleged) counterexamples to counter-closure, I then continue by (b) discussing a popular strategy for responding to such counterexamples to counter-closure, and finally I (c) pose a dilemma for this popular strategy. Once I have discussed these three points I conclude the chapter by proposing that we reject counter-closure, but at the same time that we accept an epistemological package that includes closure and another intuitively plausible prin

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Beebe, James R., and Jake Monaghan. Epistemic Closure in Folk Epistemology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815259.003.0003.

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This chapter reports the results of four empirical studies that investigate the extent to which an epistemic closure principle for knowledge is reflected in folk epistemology. Previous work by Turri (2015a) suggested our shared epistemic practices may only include a closure principle that applies to perceptual beliefs but not to inferential beliefs. The chapter argues that the results of these studies provide reason for thinking individuals are making a performance error when their knowledge attributions and denials conflict with the closure principle. When the chapter authors used research ma

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Moyar, Dean. Absolute Knowledge and the Ethical Conclusion of the Phenomenology. Edited by Dean Moyar. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199355228.013.9.

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Hegel wrote in The Science of Logic that the deduction of the concept of science was accomplished at the end of the Phenomenology of Spirit in ‘Absolute Knowledge.’ This chapter links the deduction claim to the metaphor of a ladder to science that Hegel discusses in the Phenomenology Preface, and to the sublation of the form of objectivity that is the focus of ‘Absolute Knowledge.’ It argues that this reconciliation of self-consciousness with objectivity coincides with the task of unifying the theoretical and practical domains. Once one appreciates that Hegel’s goal is such a unification, one

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Aldrich, John H., James E. Alt, and Arthur Lupia. The Eitm Approach: Origins and Interpretations. Edited by Janet M. Box-Steffensmeier, Henry E. Brady, and David Collier. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199286546.003.0037.

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This article describes the National Science Foundation (NSF)'s initiative to close the gap between theory and methods. It also deals with the Empirical Implications of Theoretical Models (EITM) as currently understood as a way of thinking about causal inference in service to causal reasoning. Additionally, it explores the approach's origins and various ways in which NSF's call to EITM action has been interpreted. It makes a brief attempt to explain why the EITM approach emerged, why it is valuable, and how it is currently understood. It then contends that EITM has been interpreted in multiple

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Ng, Karen. From Actuality to Concept in Hegel’s Logic. Edited by Dean Moyar. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199355228.013.13.

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This chapter examines Hegel’s treatment of the concept of actuality in his Science of Logic. It argues that Hegel’s treatment of actuality serves two functions: first, it provides the argument for the ‘genesis of the Concept’, Hegel’s version of Kant’s transcendental deduction; second, it allows Hegel to determine a specific type of activity characteristic of both life and freedom. The key to understanding the transition from actuality to the Concept (der Begriff) lies in Hegel’s concept of reciprocity (Wechselwirkung), a reciprocal relation between cause and effect that constitutes an inner p

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Leitch, Thomas, ed. The Oxford Handbook of Adaptation Studies. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199331000.001.0001.

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This collection of forty original essays reflects on the history of adaptation studies, surveys the current state of the field, and maps out possible futures that mobilize its unparalleled ability to bring together theorists and practitioners in different modes of discourse. Grounding contemporary adaptation studies in a series of formative debates about what adaptation is, whether its orientation should be scientific or aesthetic, and whether it is most usefully approached inductively, through close analyses of specific adaptations, or deductively, through general theories of adaptation, the

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Book chapters on the topic "Deductive closure"

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Dong, Guozhu, and Kotagiri Ramamohanarao. "Maintaining constrained transitive closure by conjunctive queries." In Deductive and Object-Oriented Databases. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63792-3_7.

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Surma, Stanisław J. "From Closure-Operatic Deductive Methodology to Non-Standard Alternatives." In The Lvov-Warsaw School and Contemporary Philosophy. Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5108-5_31.

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Bachmair, Leo, and Ashish Tiwari. "Abstract Congruence Closure and Specializations." In Automated Deduction - CADE-17. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/10721959_5.

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Slaney, John K., and Ewing L. Lusk. "Parallelizing the closure computation in automated deduction." In 10th International Conference on Automated Deduction. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-52885-7_77.

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Cohen, Liron. "Non-well-founded Deduction for Induction and Coinduction." In Automated Deduction – CADE 28. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79876-5_1.

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AbstractInduction and coinduction are both used extensively within mathematics and computer science. Algebraic formulations of these principles make the duality between them apparent, but do not account well for the way they are commonly used in deduction. Generally, the formalization of these reasoning methods employs inference rules that express a general explicit (co)induction scheme. Non-well-founded proof theory provides an alternative, more robust approach for formalizing implicit (co)inductive reasoning. This approach has been extremely successful in recent years in supporting implicit inductive reasoning, but is not as well-developed in the context of coinductive reasoning. This paper reviews the general method of non-well-founded proofs, and puts forward a concrete natural framework for (co)inductive reasoning, based on (co)closure operators, that offers a concise framework in which inductive and coinductive reasoning are captured as we intuitively understand and use them. Through this framework we demonstrate the enormous potential of non-well-founded deduction, both in the foundational theoretical exploration of (co)inductive reasoning and in the provision of proof support for (co)inductive reasoning within (semi-)automated proof tools.

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Wernhard, Christoph, and Wolfgang Bibel. "Learning from Łukasiewicz and Meredith: Investigations into Proof Structures." In Automated Deduction – CADE 28. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79876-5_4.

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AbstractThe material presented in this paper contributes to establishing a basis deemed essential for substantial progress in Automated Deduction. It identifies and studies global features in selected problems and their proofs which offer the potential of guiding proof search in a more direct way. The studied problems are of the wide-spread form of “axiom(s) and rule(s) imply goal(s)”. The features include the well-known concept of lemmas. For their elaboration both human and automated proofs of selected theorems are taken into a close comparative consideration. The study at the same time accounts for a coherent and comprehensive formal reconstruction of historical work by Łukasiewicz, Meredith and others. First experiments resulting from the study indicate novel ways of lemma generation to supplement automated first-order provers of various families, strengthening in particular their ability to find short proofs.

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Alrabbaa, Christian, Franz Baader, Stefan Borgwardt, Patrick Koopmann, and Alisa Kovtunova. "Finding Good Proofs for Description Logic Entailments using Recursive Quality Measures." In Automated Deduction – CADE 28. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79876-5_17.

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AbstractLogic-based approaches to AI have the advantage that their behavior can in principle be explained to a user. If, for instance, a Description Logic reasoner derives a consequence that triggers some action of the overall system, then one can explain such an entailment by presenting a proof of the consequence in an appropriate calculus. How comprehensible such a proof is depends not only on the employed calculus, but also on the properties of the particular proof, such as its overall size, its depth, the complexity of the employed sentences and proof steps, etc. For this reason, we want to determine the complexity of generating proofs that are below a certain threshold w.r.t. a given measure of proof quality. Rather than investigating this problem for a fixed proof calculus and a fixed measure, we aim for general results that hold for wide classes of calculi and measures. In previous work, we first restricted the attention to a setting where proof size is used to measure the quality of a proof. We then extended the approach to a more general setting, but important measures such as proof depth were not covered. In the present paper, we provide results for a class of measures called recursive, which yields lower complexities and also encompasses proof depth. In addition, we close some gaps left open in our previous work, thus providing a comprehensive picture of the complexity landscape.

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Walton, Christopher. "Practical reasoning and deductive agents." In Agency and the Semantic Web. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199292486.003.0010.

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In constructing a reactive agent system, we explicitly define the behaviour of each agent. This behaviour is predefined, and dependent on events in the environment. We now consider a more powerful kind of agent that can make decisions on its own, i.e. an agent with proactive behaviour. Our motivation is the construction of agents with capabilities that are closer to the way that we reason as human beings. Our starting point in this approach is to base the internal processes of the agent directly on current understanding of how human reasoning is performed. This is the principle behind the design of a practical reasoning agent. Practical human reasoning is directed towards actions, that is, figuring out what to do. This is different from purely logical reasoning, which is directed towards beliefs. Human reasoning is believed to consist of two distinct phases: 1. The first phase is deliberation, in which we decide what state of affairs to achieve. 2. The second phase is means–ends reasoning, in which we decide how to achieve the desired state of affairs. To better illustrate human reasoning, it is helpful to consider a small example. Suppose that I wish to find a method of transportation in order to get to work each day. I would typically proceed by considering the various available options and weighing up the pros and cons. For example, I may consider travelling by car, but the available parking may be insufficient. This process of decision-making is deliberation. Once I have fixed upon an appropriate method of transport, e.g. by bicycle, then I must decide how to bring about a situation where this method of transport is possible. This process is means–ends reasoning, and the result is a plan of action. For example, my plan may involve: obtaining the money for the bicycle, finding a shop that sells an appropriate bicycle, and then purchasing the bicycle. If I am able to successfully follow the plan, then I will have reached the intended state of affairs, i.e. I will be able to travel to work by bicycle.

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Ware, Owen. "Drive." In Fichte's Moral Philosophy. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190086596.003.0004.

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This chapter offers a close analysis of Fichte’s second foundational argument in the System of Ethics, his deduction of the moral law’s applicability in §§4–13. The discussion begins by clarifying the sense in which Fichte’s first deduction, from §§1–3, was ‘formal and empty’ and so did not yet establish the reality of the moral law. It is here that Fichte introduces his claim that what we call our lower and higher capacities of desire are but mere expressions of a single drive, what he calls our ‘original drive’ (Urtrieb), which becomes divided only in reflection. The aim of this chapter is to show how Fichte’s theory of drives culminates in his theory of our higher capacity of feeling, or what he calls our power of conscience, which completes the second main deduction of the System of Ethics.

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Hammer, Eric, and Norman Danner. "Towards a Model Theory of Venn Diagrams." In Logical Reasoning with Diagrams. Oxford University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195104271.003.0010.

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One of the goals of logical analysis is to construct mathematical models of various practices of deductive inference. Traditionally, this is done by means of giving semantics and rules of inference for carefully specified formal languages. While this has proved to be an extremely fruitful line of analysis, some facets of actual inference are not accurately modeled by these techniques. The example we have in mind concerns the diversity of types of external representations employed in actual deductive reasoning. Besides language, these include diagrams, charts, tables, graphs, and so on. When the semantic content of such non-linguistic representations is made clear, they can be used in perfectly rigorous proofs. A simple example of this is the use of Venn diagrams in deductive reasoning. If used correctly, valid inferences can be made with these diagrams, and if used incorrectly, they can be the source of invalid inferences; there are standards for their correct use. To analyze such standards, one might construct a formal system of Venn diagrams where the syntax, rules of inference, and notion of logical consequence have all been made precise and explicit, as is done in the case of first-order logic. In this chapter, we will study such a system of Venn diagrams, a variation of Shin’s system VENN formulated and studied in Shin [1991] and Shin [1991a] (see Chapter IV of this book). Shin proves a soundness theorem and a finite completeness theorem (if ∆ is a finite set of diagrams, D is a diagram, and D is a logical consequence of ∆ , then D is provable from ∆ ). We extend Shin’s completeness theorem to the general case: if ∆ is any set of diagrams, D is a, diagram, and D is a logical consequence of ∆. then D is provable from ∆. We hope that the fairly simple diagrammatic system discussed here will help motivate closer study of the use of more complicated diagrams in actual inference.

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Conference papers on the topic "Deductive closure"

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Bonatti, Piero A. "Rational Closure For All Description Logics (Extended Abstract)." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/700.

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Many modern applications of description logics (DLs, for short), such as biomedical ontologies and semantic web policies, provide compelling motivations for extending DLs with an overriding mechanism analogous to the homonymous feature of object-oriented programming. Rational closure (RC) is one of the candidate semantics for such extensions, and one of the most intensively studied. So far, however, it has been limited to strict fragments of SROIQ(D) – the logic on which OWL2 is founded. In this paper we prove that RC cannot be extended to logics that do not satisfy the disjoint model union pr

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Sato, Taisuke, Katsumi Inoue, and Chiaki Sakama. "Abducing Relations in Continuous Spaces." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/270.

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We propose a new approach to abduction, i.e., non-deductive inference to find a hypothesis H for an observation O such that H,KB |- O where KB is background knowledge. We reformulate it linear algebraically in vector spaces to abduce ``relations'', not logical formulas, to realize approximate but scalable abduction that can deal with web-scale knowledge bases. More specifically we consider the problem of abducing relations for Datalog programs with binary predicates. We treat two cases, the non-recursive case and the recursive case. In the non-recursive case, given r1(X,Y) and r3(X,Z), we abdu

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Amgoud, Leila, and Dragan Doder. "Compilation of Logical Arguments." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/208.

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Several argument-based logics have been defined for handling inconsistency in propositional knowledge bases. We show that they may miss intuitive consequences, and discuss two sources of this drawback: the definition of logical argument i) may prevent formulas from being justified, and ii) may allow irrelevant information in argument's support. We circumvent these two issues by considering a general definition of argument and compiling each argument. A compilation amounts to forgetting in an argument's support any irrelevant variable. This operation returns zero, one or several concise argumen

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Pavlović, Nebojša. "THE IMPACT OF THE CRISIS CAUSED BY COVID-19 ON WOMEN'S ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN TOURISM IN SERBIA." In The Sixth International Scientific Conference - TOURISM CHALLENGES AMID COVID-19, Thematic Proceedings. FACULTY OF HOTEL MANAGEMENT AND TOURISM IN VRNJAČKA BANJA UNIVERSITY OF KRAGUJEVAC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52370/tisc21415np.

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The aim of this paper is to consider the impact of the crisis caused by Covid-19 on tourism and on women's entrepreneurship in tourism in Serbia. The paper will use the methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, abstraction, specification and generalization, observation, testing, content analysis, and case study. Based on the available data, it can be concluded that the crisis caused by Covid-19 on the one hand led to (1) the closure of a large number of entrepreneurial companies in the field of tourism, as a result of which a large number of women entrepreneurs lost their job

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Bulten, Norbert, and Petra Stoltenkamp. "Full Scale Thruster-Hull Interaction Improvement Revealed With CFD Analysis." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10435.

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The performance of two steerable thruster configurations has been compared: a more conventional straight unit and a tilted-shaft-line unit. Based on a theoretical approach, it has been shown that the full scale bollard pull performance of both units is close to the realistic optimum. The open water performance of the units revealed comparable performance at bollard pull for the straight and tilted unit. A more pronounced difference in favor of the straight unit is found in free sailing condition. When the thruster-hull interaction effects are taken into account, the trends change however. Some

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Sutulo, Serge, and C. Guedes Soares. "Hydrodynamic Interaction Forces on Ship Hulls Equipped With Propulsors." In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-84181.

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Typically, study of hydrodynamic interaction between vessels navigating in close proximity to each other is limited to hydrodynamics of bare hulls. Meanwhile, ship propulsors, especially heavily loaded, which may happen in accelerating motion, can alter substantially the flow and distribution of pressure on the hulls which can be viewed as generalization of the thrust deduction phenomenon. The 3D doubled body potential interaction code based on the source panel method developed earlier by the authors has been enhanced to include the effect of a propeller on each of the interacting ships under

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ZVIRBULE, Andra, and Raivis ANDERSONS. "FACTORS INFLUENCING CHANGES OF BEEF CATTLE HERD QUANTITY AND SIZE: CASE OF LATVIA." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.147.

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Beef production volumes in Latvia have been different over a long period of time, beef output growth has been noted, as well as its sharp decrease, so it is important to analyze, what are the most important factors that are affecting beef production volumes, that will give an idea of the possibilities for beef market regulation. Consequently, the study objective can be defined: Identify factors affecting beef production in Latvia. For this research statistical methods, correlation analysis, induction, deduction, analysis and synthesis were used. These methods gave an accurate picture of factor

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