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Journal articles on the topic 'Deep ocean circulation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

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1

Ferrari, Raffaele, Louis-Philippe Nadeau, David P. Marshall, Lesley C. Allison, and Helen L. Johnson. "A Model of the Ocean Overturning Circulation with Two Closed Basins and a Reentrant Channel." Journal of Physical Oceanography 47, no. 12 (2017): 2887–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-16-0223.1.

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AbstractZonally averaged models of the ocean overturning circulation miss important zonal exchanges of waters between the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific Oceans. A two-layer, two-basin model that accounts for these exchanges is introduced and suggests that in the present-day climate the overturning circulation is best described as the combination of three circulations: an adiabatic overturning circulation in the Atlantic Ocean associated with transformation of intermediate to deep waters in the north, a diabatic overturning circulation in the Indo-Pacific Ocean associated with transformation of abys

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2

Cunningham, Stuart A. "Southern Ocean circulation." Archives of Natural History 32, no. 2 (2005): 265–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2005.32.2.265.

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The Discovery Investigations of the 1930s provided a compelling description of the main elements of the Southern Ocean circulation. Over the intervening years, this has been extended to include ideas on ocean dynamics based on physical principles. In the modern description, the Southern Ocean has two main circulations that are intimately linked: a zonal (west-east) circumpolar circulation and a meridional (north-south) overturning circulation. The Antarctic Circumpolar Current transports around 140 million cubic metres per second west to east around Antarctica. This zonal circulation connects

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3

Zahn, Rainer. "Deep ocean circulation puzzle." Nature 356, no. 6372 (1992): 744–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/356744a0.

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4

Ladant, Jean-Baptiste, Christopher J. Poulsen, Frédéric Fluteau, et al. "Paleogeographic controls on the evolution of Late Cretaceous ocean circulation." Climate of the Past 16, no. 3 (2020): 973–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-973-2020.

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Abstract. Understanding of the role of ocean circulation on climate during the Late Cretaceous is contingent on the ability to reconstruct its modes and evolution. Geochemical proxies used to infer modes of past circulation provide conflicting interpretations for the reorganization of the ocean circulation through the Late Cretaceous. Here, we present climate model simulations of the Cenomanian (100.5–93.9 Ma) and Maastrichtian (72.1–66.1 Ma) stages of the Cretaceous with the CCSM4 earth system model. We focus on intermediate (500–1500 m) and deep (> 1500 m) ocean circulation and show that

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5

CORLISS, BRUCE H., DOUGLAS G. MARTINSON, and THOMAS KEFFER. "Late Quaternary deep-ocean circulation." Geological Society of America Bulletin 97, no. 9 (1986): 1106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<1106:lqdc>2.0.co;2.

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6

Birchfield, Edward, and Matthew Wyant. "Diverse Limiting Circulations In A Simple Ocean Box Model." Annals of Glaciology 14 (1990): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500008892.

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A coupled ocean-atmosphere model is formulated, incorporating an ocean comprised of two surface and one deep-ocean boxes, horizontal and vertical mixing, a thermohaline circulation, and forcing by latitudinal differential surface heating and evaporation. Surface fluxes are determined through coupling with a two-box steady-state atmospheric energy-balance model The hydrological cycle, thermohaline circulation and latitudinal exchange rate in the atmosphere are each controlled by an independent parameter. For a weak hydrological cycle, a cold low-salinity deep-ocean equilibrium exists with deep

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Birchfield, Edward, and Matthew Wyant. "Diverse Limiting Circulations In A Simple Ocean Box Model." Annals of Glaciology 14 (1990): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500008892.

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A coupled ocean-atmosphere model is formulated, incorporating an ocean comprised of two surface and one deep-ocean boxes, horizontal and vertical mixing, a thermohaline circulation, and forcing by latitudinal differential surface heating and evaporation. Surface fluxes are determined through coupling with a two-box steady-state atmospheric energy-balance model The hydrological cycle, thermohaline circulation and latitudinal exchange rate in the atmosphere are each controlled by an independent parameter. For a weak hydrological cycle, a cold low-salinity deep-ocean equilibrium exists with deep

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8

Boyle, E. A. "Glacial/interglacial deep ocean circulation contrast." Chemical Geology 70, no. 1-2 (1988): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(88)90504-9.

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9

Hu, Shijian, Janet Sprintall, Cong Guan, et al. "Deep-reaching acceleration of global mean ocean circulation over the past two decades." Science Advances 6, no. 6 (2020): eaax7727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax7727.

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Ocean circulation redistributes Earth’s energy and water masses and influences global climate. Under historical greenhouse warming, regional ocean currents show diverse tendencies, but whether there is an emerging trend of the global mean ocean circulation system is not yet clear. Here, we show a statistically significant increasing trend in the globally integrated oceanic kinetic energy since the early 1990s, indicating a substantial acceleration of global mean ocean circulation. The increasing trend in kinetic energy is particularly prominent in the global tropical oceans, reaching depths of

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10

Schmittner, Andreas, Tiago A. M. Silva, Klaus Fraedrich, Edilbert Kirk, and Frank Lunkeit. "Effects of Mountains and Ice Sheets on Global Ocean Circulation*." Journal of Climate 24, no. 11 (2011): 2814–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli3982.1.

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Abstract The impact of mountains and ice sheets on the large-scale circulation of the world’s oceans is investigated in a series of simulations with a new coupled ocean–atmosphere model [Oregon State University–University of Victoria model (OSUVic)], in which the height of orography is scaled from 1.5 times the actual height (at T42 resolution) to 0 (no mountains). The results suggest that the effects of mountains and ice sheets on the buoyancy and momentum transfer from the atmosphere to the surface ocean determine the present pattern of deep ocean circulation. Higher mountains reduce water v

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11

Stössel, Achim. "On the impact of sea ice in a global ocean circulation model." Annals of Glaciology 25 (1997): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500013884.

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This paper investigates the long-term impact of sea ice on global climate using a global sea-ice–ocean general circulation model (OGCM). The sea-ice component involves state-of-the-art dynamics; the ocean component consists of a 3.5° × 3.5° × 11 layer primitive-equation model. Depending on the physical description of sea ice, significant changes are detected in the convective activity, in the hydrographic properties and in the thermohaline circulation of the ocean model. Most of these changes originate in the Southern Ocean, emphasizing the crucial role of sea ice in this marginally stably str

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12

Stössel, Achim. "On the impact of sea ice in a global ocean circulation model." Annals of Glaciology 25 (1997): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500013884.

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This paper investigates the long-term impact of sea ice on global climate using a global sea-ice–ocean general circulation model (OGCM). The sea-ice component involves state-of-the-art dynamics; the ocean component consists of a 3.5° × 3.5° × 11 layer primitive-equation model. Depending on the physical description of sea ice, significant changes are detected in the convective activity, in the hydrographic properties and in the thermohaline circulation of the ocean model. Most of these changes originate in the Southern Ocean, emphasizing the crucial role of sea ice in this marginally stably str

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13

Pasquier, Benoît, Mark Holzer, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Richard J. Matear, Nathaniel L. Bindoff, and François W. Primeau. "Optimal parameters for the ocean's nutrient, carbon, and oxygen cycles compensate for circulation biases but replumb the biological pump." Biogeosciences 20, no. 14 (2023): 2985–3009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2985-2023.

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Abstract. Accurate predictive modeling of the ocean's global carbon and oxygen cycles is challenging because of uncertainties in both biogeochemistry and ocean circulation. Advances over the last decade have made parameter optimization feasible, allowing models to better match observed biogeochemical fields. However, does fitting a biogeochemical model to observed tracers using a circulation with known biases robustly capture the inner workings of the biological pump? Here we embed a mechanistic model of the ocean's coupled nutrient, carbon, and oxygen cycles into two circulations for the curr

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14

Scheen, Jeemijn, and Thomas F. Stocker. "Effect of changing ocean circulation on deep ocean temperature in the last millennium." Earth System Dynamics 11, no. 4 (2020): 925–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-11-925-2020.

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Abstract. Paleoreconstructions and modern observations provide us with anomalies of surface temperature over the past millennium. The history of deep ocean temperatures is much less well-known and was simulated in a recent study for the past 2000 years under forced surface temperature anomalies and fixed ocean circulation. In this study, we simulate the past 800 years with an illustrative forcing scenario in the Bern3D ocean model, which enables us to assess the impact of changes in ocean circulation on deep ocean temperature. We quantify the effect of changing ocean circulation by comparing t

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15

Nikurashin, Maxim, and Geoffrey Vallis. "A Theory of the Interhemispheric Meridional Overturning Circulation and Associated Stratification." Journal of Physical Oceanography 42, no. 10 (2012): 1652–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-11-0189.1.

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Abstract A quantitative theoretical model of the meridional overturning circulation and associated deep stratification in an interhemispheric, single-basin ocean with a circumpolar channel is presented. The theory includes the effects of wind, eddies, and diapycnal mixing and predicts the deep stratification and overturning streamfunction in terms of the surface forcing and other parameters of the problem. It relies on a matching among three regions: the circumpolar channel at high southern latitudes, a region of isopycnal outcrop at high northern latitudes, and the ocean basin between. The th

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16

Corfield, Richard M., and Richard D. Norris. "Deep water circulation in the Paleocene Ocean." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 101, no. 1 (1996): 443–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1996.101.01.21.

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17

Smith, H. Jesse. "A brief hiccup in deep ocean circulation." Science 346, no. 6216 (2014): 1476.4–1476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.346.6216.1476-d.

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18

Warren, B. A. "Deep ocean circulation: Physical and chemical aspects." Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans 21, no. 2-3 (1994): 214–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-0265(94)90010-8.

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19

Kumar, Mohi. "Constraining deep‐ocean circulation during glacial times." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 92, no. 30 (2011): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011eo300010.

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20

Gouriou, Y., C. Andrié, B. Bourlès, et al. "Deep circulation in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean." Geophysical Research Letters 28, no. 5 (2001): 819–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000gl012326.

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21

Mix, Alan C., and Richard G. Fairbanks. "North Atlantic surface-ocean control of Pleistocene deep-ocean circulation." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 73, no. 2-4 (1985): 231–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821x(85)90072-x.

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22

Cullum, Jodie, David P. Stevens, and Manoj M. Joshi. "Importance of ocean salinity for climate and habitability." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 16 (2016): 4278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1522034113.

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Modeling studies of terrestrial extrasolar planetary climates are now including the effects of ocean circulation due to a recognition of the importance of oceans for climate; indeed, the peak equator-pole ocean heat transport on Earth peaks at almost half that of the atmosphere. However, such studies have made the assumption that fundamental oceanic properties, such as salinity, temperature, and depth, are similar to Earth. This assumption results in Earth-like circulations: a meridional overturning with warm water moving poleward at the surface, being cooled, sinking at high latitudes, and tr

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23

Kriest, Iris, Paul Kähler, Wolfgang Koeve, Karin Kvale, Volkmar Sauerland, and Andreas Oschlies. "One size fits all? Calibrating an ocean biogeochemistry model for different circulations." Biogeosciences 17, no. 12 (2020): 3057–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3057-2020.

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Abstract. Global biogeochemical ocean models are often tuned to match the observed distributions and fluxes of inorganic and organic quantities. This tuning is typically carried out “by hand”. However, this rather subjective approach might not yield the best fit to observations, is closely linked to the circulation employed and is thus influenced by its specific features and even its faults. We here investigate the effect of model tuning, via objective optimisation, of one biogeochemical model of intermediate complexity when simulated in five different offline circulations. For each circulatio

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24

Wu, Yang, Xiaoming Zhai, and Zhaomin Wang. "Impact of Synoptic Atmospheric Forcing on the Mean Ocean Circulation." Journal of Climate 29, no. 16 (2016): 5709–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0819.1.

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Abstract The impact of synoptic atmospheric forcing on the mean ocean circulation is investigated by comparing simulations of a global eddy-permitting ocean–sea ice model forced with and without synoptic atmospheric phenomena. Consistent with previous studies, transient atmospheric motions such as weather systems are found to contribute significantly to the time-mean wind stress and surface heat loss at mid- and high latitudes owing to the nonlinear nature of air–sea turbulent fluxes. Including synoptic atmospheric forcing in the model has led to a number of significant changes. For example, w

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25

Jones, C. S., and Ryan P. Abernathey. "Modeling Water-Mass Distributions in the Modern and LGM Ocean: Circulation Change and Isopycnal and Diapycnal Mixing." Journal of Physical Oceanography 51, no. 5 (2021): 1523–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-20-0204.1.

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AbstractPaleoproxy observations suggest that deep-ocean water-mass distributions were different at the Last Glacial Maximum than they are today. However, even modern deep-ocean water-mass distributions are not completely explained by observations of the modern ocean circulation. This paper investigates two processes that influence deep-ocean water-mass distributions: 1) interior downwelling caused by vertical mixing that increases in the downward direction and 2) isopycnal mixing. Passive tracers are used to assess how changes in the circulation and in the isopycnal-mixing coefficient impact d

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26

Kawase, Mitsuhiro. "Establishment of Deep Ocean Circulation Driven by Deep-Water Production." Journal of Physical Oceanography 17, no. 12 (1987): 2294–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1987)017<2294:eodocd>2.0.co;2.

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27

Haertel, Patrick, and Alexey Fedorov. "The Ventilated Ocean." Journal of Physical Oceanography 42, no. 1 (2012): 141–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jpo4590.1.

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Abstract Adiabatic theories of ocean circulation and density structure have a long tradition, from the concept of the ventilated thermocline to the notion that deep ocean ventilation is controlled by westerly winds over the Southern Ocean. This study explores these ideas using a recently developed Lagrangian ocean model (LOM), which simulates ocean motions by computing trajectories of water parcels. A unique feature of the LOM is its capacity to model ocean circulations in the adiabatic limit, in which water parcels exactly conserve their densities when they are not in contact with the ocean s

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28

Fučkar, Neven S., Shang-Ping Xie, Riccardo Farneti, Elizabeth A. Maroon, and Dargan M. W. Frierson. "Influence of the Extratropical Ocean Circulation on the Intertropical Convergence Zone in an Idealized Coupled General Circulation Model." Journal of Climate 26, no. 13 (2013): 4612–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00294.1.

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Abstract The authors present coupled model simulations in which the ocean's meridional overturning circulation (MOC) sets the zonal mean location of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) in the hemisphere with deep-water production. They use a coarse-resolution single-basin sector coupled general circulation model (CGCM) with simplified atmospheric physics and two idealized land–sea distributions. In an equatorially symmetric closed-basin setting, unforced climate asymmetry develops because of the advective circulation–salinity feedback that amplifies the asymmetry of the deep-MOC cell and

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29

Jansen, Malte F. "Glacial ocean circulation and stratification explained by reduced atmospheric temperature." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 1 (2016): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1610438113.

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Earth’s climate has undergone dramatic shifts between glacial and interglacial time periods, with high-latitude temperature changes on the order of 5–10 °C. These climatic shifts have been associated with major rearrangements in the deep ocean circulation and stratification, which have likely played an important role in the observed atmospheric carbon dioxide swings by affecting the partitioning of carbon between the atmosphere and the ocean. The mechanisms by which the deep ocean circulation changed, however, are still unclear and represent a major challenge to our understanding of glacial cl

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30

Mikhalevsky, Peter N., Ganesh Gopalakrishnan, and Bruce D. Cornuelle. "Deep ocean long range underwater navigation with ocean circulation model corrections." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, no. 1 (2023): 548–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0016890.

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An underwater navigation algorithm that provides a “cold start” (CSA) geographic position, geo-position, underwater while submerged using travel times measured from a constellation of acoustic sources is described in Mikhalevsky, Sperry, Woolfe, Dzieciuch, and Worcester [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 147(4), 2365 – 2382 (2020)]. The CSA geo-position is used as the receive position in the ocean for acoustic modeling runs using an ocean general circulation model (GCM). A different geo-position is calculated using adjusted ranges from the travel time offsets between the data and modeled arrival times for e

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31

Hogg, Nelson G., and Norman L. Guinasso. "Deep ocean circulation and its relation to topography." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 67, no. 40 (1986): 765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/eo067i040p00765.

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32

Faure, Vincent, and Kevin Speer. "Deep Circulation in the Eastern South Pacific Ocean." Journal of Marine Research 70, no. 5 (2012): 748–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1357/002224012806290714.

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33

Warren, Bruce A., and Kevin G. Speer. "Deep circulation in the eastern South Atlantic Ocean." Deep Sea Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers 38 (1991): S281—S322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0198-0149(12)80014-8.

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34

Hogg, Nelson G., and Norman L. Guinasso. "Deep Ocean Circulation and its Relation to Topography." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 67, no. 12 (1986): 1507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477-67.12.1507.

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35

Knorr, Gregor, Stephen Barker, Xu Zhang, et al. "A salty deep ocean as a prerequisite for glacial termination." Nature Geoscience 14, no. 12 (2021): 930–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41561-021-00857-3.

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AbstractDeglacial transitions of the middle to late Pleistocene (terminations) are linked to gradual changes in insolation accompanied by abrupt shifts in ocean circulation. However, the reason these deglacial abrupt events are so special compared with their sub-glacial-maximum analogues, in particular with respect to the exaggerated warming observed across Antarctica, remains unclear. Here we show that an increase in the relative importance of salt versus temperature stratification in the glacial deep South Atlantic decreases the potential cooling effect of waters that may be upwelled in resp

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36

Prins, M. A., S. R. Troelstra, R. W. Kruk, K. van der Borg, A. F. M. de Jong, and G. J. Weltje. "The Late Quaternary Sedimentary Record of Reykjanes Ridge, North Atlantic." Radiocarbon 43, no. 2B (2001): 939–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200041606.

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Variability in surface and deep ocean circulation in the North Atlantic is inferred from grain-size characteristics and the composition of terrigenous sediments from a deep-sea core taken on Reykjanes Ridge, south of Iceland. End-member modeling of grain size data shows that deep-ocean circulation in this area decreased significantly during periods of maximum iceberg discharge. The episodes of reduced circulation correlate with the cold and abrupt warming phases of the Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles as recognized in the Greenland ice cores.

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de Boer, A. M., J. R. Toggweiler, and D. M. Sigman. "Atlantic Dominance of the Meridional Overturning Circulation." Journal of Physical Oceanography 38, no. 2 (2008): 435–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jpo3731.1.

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Abstract North Atlantic (NA) deep-water formation and the resulting Atlantic meridional overturning cell is generally regarded as the primary feature of the global overturning circulation and is believed to be a result of the geometry of the continents. Here, instead, the overturning is viewed as a global energy–driven system and the robustness of NA dominance is investigated within this framework. Using an idealized geometry ocean general circulation model coupled to an energy moisture balance model, various climatic forcings are tested for their effect on the strength and structure of the ov

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Saenko, O. A., and W. J. Merryfield. "On the Effect of Topographically Enhanced Mixing on the Global Ocean Circulation." Journal of Physical Oceanography 35, no. 5 (2005): 826–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo2722.1.

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Abstract The strong influence of enhanced diapycnal mixing over rough topography on bottom-water circulation is illustrated using results from two global ocean model experiments. In the first, diapycnal diffusivity is set to the observed background level of 10−5 m2 s−1 in regions not subject to shear instability, convection, or surface-driven mixing. In the second experiment, mixing is enhanced above rough bottom topography to represent the dissipation of internal tides. Three important results are obtained. First, without the enhanced mixing in the abyssal ocean, the deep North Pacific Ocean

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Nikurashin, Maxim, and Geoffrey Vallis. "A Theory of Deep Stratification and Overturning Circulation in the Ocean." Journal of Physical Oceanography 41, no. 3 (2011): 485–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jpo4529.1.

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Abstract A simple theoretical model of the deep stratification and meridional overturning circulation in an idealized single-basin ocean with a circumpolar channel is presented. The theory includes the effects of wind, eddies, and diapycnal mixing; predicts the deep stratification in terms of the surface forcing and other problem parameters; makes no assumption of zero residual circulation; and consistently accounts for the interaction between the circumpolar channel and the rest of the ocean. The theory shows that dynamics of the overturning circulation can be characterized by two limiting re

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Jansen, Malte F., and Louis-Philippe Nadeau. "The Effect of Southern Ocean Surface Buoyancy Loss on the Deep-Ocean Circulation and Stratification." Journal of Physical Oceanography 46, no. 11 (2016): 3455–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-16-0084.1.

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AbstractThe deep-ocean circulation and stratification have likely undergone major changes during past climates, which may have played an important role in the modulation of atmospheric CO2 concentrations. The mechanisms by which the deep-ocean circulation changed, however, are still poorly understood and represent a major challenge to the understanding of past and future climates. This study highlights the importance of the integrated buoyancy loss rate around Antarctica in modulating the abyssal circulation and stratification. Theoretical arguments and idealized numerical simulations suggest

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Wang, Guihua, Rui Xin Huang, Jilan Su, and Dake Chen. "The Effects of Thermohaline Circulation on Wind-Driven Circulation in the South China Sea." Journal of Physical Oceanography 42, no. 12 (2012): 2283–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-11-0227.1.

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Abstract The dynamic influence of thermohaline circulation on wind-driven circulation in the South China Sea (SCS) is studied using a simple reduced gravity model, in which the upwelling driven by mixing in the abyssal ocean is treated in terms of an upward pumping distributed at the base of the upper layer. Because of the strong upwelling of deep water, the cyclonic gyre in the northern SCS is weakened, but the anticyclonic gyre in the southern SCS is intensified in summer, while cyclonic gyres in both the southern and northern SCS are weakened in winter. For all seasons, the dynamic influenc

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Nadeau, Louis-Philippe, and Malte F. Jansen. "Overturning Circulation Pathways in a Two-Basin Ocean Model." Journal of Physical Oceanography 50, no. 8 (2020): 2105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-20-0034.1.

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AbstractA toy model for the deep ocean overturning circulation in multiple basins is presented and applied to study the role of buoyancy forcing and basin geometry in the ocean’s global overturning. The model reproduces the results from idealized general circulation model simulations and provides theoretical insights into the mechanisms that govern the structure of the overturning circulation. The results highlight the importance of the diabatic component of the meridional overturning circulation (MOC) for the depth of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) and for the interbasin exchange of deep oc

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Drijfhout, Sybren S., and Alberto C. Naveira Garabato. "The Zonal Dimension of the Indian Ocean Meridional Overturning Circulation." Journal of Physical Oceanography 38, no. 2 (2008): 359–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jpo3640.1.

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Abstract The three-dimensional structure of the meridional overturning circulation (MOC) in the deep Indian Ocean is investigated with an eddy-permitting ocean model. The amplitude of the modeled deep Indian Ocean MOC is 5.6 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1), a broadly realistic but somewhat weak overturning. Although the model parameterization of diapycnal mixing is inaccurate, the model’s short spinup allows the effective diapycnal velocity (the sum of model drift and the explicitly modeled diapycnal velocity) to resemble the true, real-ocean diapycnal velocity. For this reason, the model is able to re

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Kamphuis, V., S. E. Huisman, and H. A. Dijkstra. "The global ocean circulation on a retrograde rotating earth." Climate of the Past 7, no. 2 (2011): 487–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-487-2011.

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Abstract. To understand the three-dimensional ocean circulation patterns that have occurred in past continental geometries, it is crucial to study the role of the present-day continental geometry and surface (wind stress and buoyancy) forcing on the present-day global ocean circulation. This circulation, often referred to as the Conveyor state, is characterised by an Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) with a deep water formation at northern latitudes and the absence of such a deep water formation in the North Pacific. This MOC asymmetry is often attributed to the difference in s

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Kamphuis, V., S. E. Huisman, and H. A. Dijkstra. "The global ocean circulation on a retrograde rotating earth." Climate of the Past Discussions 6, no. 6 (2010): 2455–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-6-2455-2010.

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Abstract. To understand the three-dimensional ocean circulation patterns that have occurred in past continental geometries, it is crucial to study the role of the present-day continental geometry and surface (wind stress and buoyancy) forcing on the present-day global ocean circulation. This circulation, often referred to as the Conveyor state, is characterized by an Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) with deep water formation at northern latitudes and the absence of such deep water formation in the North Pacific. This MOC asymmetry is often attributed to the difference in surfa

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Nilsson, Johan, Peter L. Langen, David Ferreira, and John Marshall. "Ocean Basin Geometry and the Salinification of the Atlantic Ocean." Journal of Climate 26, no. 16 (2013): 6163–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00358.1.

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Abstract A coupled atmosphere–sea ice–ocean model is used in an aqua-planet setting to examine the role of the basin geometry for the climate and ocean circulation. The basin geometry has a present-day-like topology with two idealized northern basins and a circumpolar ocean in the south. A suite of experiments is described in which the southward extents of the two (gridpoint wide) “continents” and the basin widths have been varied. When the two basins have identical shapes, the coupled model can attain a symmetric climate state with northern deep-water formation in both basins as well as asymm

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Kodera, Kunihiko, Nawo Eguchi, Rei Ueyama, et al. "Implication of tropical lower stratospheric cooling in recent trends in tropical circulation and deep convective activity." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 4 (2019): 2655–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2655-2019.

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Abstract. Large changes in tropical circulation from the mid-to-late 1990s to the present, in particular changes related to the summer monsoon and cooling of the sea surface in the equatorial eastern Pacific, are noted. The cause of such recent decadal variations in the tropics was studied using a meteorological reanalysis dataset. Cooling of the equatorial southeastern Pacific Ocean occurred in association with enhanced cross-equatorial southerlies that were associated with a strengthening of the deep ascending branch of the boreal summer Hadley circulation over the continental sector connect

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Iudicone, Daniele, Sabrina Speich, Gurvan Madec, and Bruno Blanke. "The Global Conveyor Belt from a Southern Ocean Perspective." Journal of Physical Oceanography 38, no. 7 (2008): 1401–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jpo3525.1.

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Abstract Recent studies have proposed the Southern Ocean as the site of large water-mass transformations; other studies propose that this basin is among the main drivers for North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) circulation. A modeling contribution toward understanding the role of this basin in the global thermohaline circulation can thus be of interest. In particular, key pathways and transformations associated with the thermohaline circulation in the Southern Ocean of an ice–ocean coupled model have been identified here through the extensive use of quantitative Lagrangian diagnostics. The model S

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Newsom, Emily R., Cecilia M. Bitz, Frank O. Bryan, Ryan Abernathey, and Peter R. Gent. "Southern Ocean Deep Circulation and Heat Uptake in a High-Resolution Climate Model." Journal of Climate 29, no. 7 (2016): 2597–619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0513.1.

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Abstract The dynamics of the lower cell of the meridional overturning circulation (MOC) in the Southern Ocean are compared in two versions of a global climate model: one with high-resolution (0.1°) ocean and sea ice and the other a lower-resolution (1.0°) counterpart. In the high-resolution version, the lower cell circulation is stronger and extends farther northward into the abyssal ocean. Using the water-mass-transformation framework, it is shown that the differences in the lower cell circulation between resolutions are explained by greater rates of surface water-mass transformation within t

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Yasuhara, Moriaki, Thomas M. Cronin, Gene Hunt, and David A. Hodell. "Deep-sea ostracods from the South Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean during the last 370,000 years." Journal of Paleontology 83, no. 6 (2009): 914–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/08-149.1.

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We report changes of deep-sea ostracod fauna during the last 370,000 yr from the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Hole 704A in the South Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. The results show that faunal changes are coincident with glacial/interglacial-scale deep-water circulation changes, even though our dataset is relatively small and the waters are barren of ostracods until mid-MIS (Marine Isotope Stage) 5.KritheandPoseidonamicuswere dominant during the Holocene interglacial period and the latter part of MIS 5, when this site was under the influence of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW). Convers

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