Academic literature on the topic 'Deep rhizosphere'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Deep rhizosphere.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Deep rhizosphere"
1
Allaouia, Ahmed Said Allaoui, Sailine Raissa, Said Hassane Fahimat, et al. "Bacterial population of Rhizospheres and non-Rhizospheres of the mangrove species Rhizophora mucronata from 0 to 10 cm deep." International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science 9, no. 8 (2022): 079–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.98.11.
Full textAbstract:
The interaction of plants and microorganisms in the rhizospheres and non-rhizospheres of plants is well studied and mastered in the terrestrial environment. In general, given the rhizosphere effect exclusively defining the effectiveness of root exudates to promote multiplication, development and microbial growth in the rhizosphere zones, studies unanimously tend to report that the microbial biomass is rather high in the rhizosphere than in the non-rhizosphere. However, the trend may change in the marine environment. This study was conducted in both the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere of the mangrove species Rhizophora mucronata at different depths ranging from 0-10 cm, to assess the bacterial community in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere and to also address the profile of bacterial community changes. The result showed no difference regarding the bacterial abundance in the rhizosphere and in the non-rhizosphere. However, the abundance of bacteria at 0-5 cm depth was significantly higher in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere. This could be attributed to the large amount of nutrients available in the surface layer. The unequal distribution of nutrients in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere of the mangrove species Rhizophora mucronata could be the consequences of mineralization, immobilization of nutrients in the soil and especially root exudation. The general results of this study can be summarized by showing that if the abundance of bacteria in the rhizosphere zones of terrestrial plants is often high, the trend may be different in aquatic plants, more particularly mangroves, which constitute a separate ecosystem.
2
Dai, Liangxiang, Guanchu Zhang, Zipeng Yu, Hong Ding, Yang Xu, and Zhimeng Zhang. "Effect of Drought Stress and Developmental Stages on Microbial Community Structure and Diversity in Peanut Rhizosphere Soil." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 9 (2019): 2265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20092265.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), an important oilseed and food legume, is widely cultivated in the semi-arid tropics. Drought is the major stress in this region which limits productivity. Microbial communities in the rhizosphere are of special importance to stress tolerance. However, relatively little is known about the relationship between drought and microbial communities in peanuts. Method: In this study, deep sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was performed to characterize the microbial community structure of drought-treated and untreated peanuts. Results: Taxonomic analysis showed that Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Saccharibacteria, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria and Cyanobacteria were the dominant phyla in the peanut rhizosphere. Comparisons of microbial community structure of peanuts revealed that the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria dramatically increased in the seedling and podding stages in drought-treated soil, while that of Cyanobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes increased in the flowering stage in drought-treated rhizospheres. Metagenomic profiling indicated that sequences related to metabolism, signaling transduction, defense mechanism and basic vital activity were enriched in the drought-treated rhizosphere, which may have implications for plant survival and drought tolerance. Conclusion: This microbial communities study will form the foundation for future improvement of drought tolerance of peanuts via modification of the soil microbes.
3
Xia, Qing, Xiaoli Liu, Zhiqiang Gao, Jianming Wang, and Zhenping Yang. "Responses of rhizosphere soil bacteria to 2-year tillage rotation treatments during fallow period in semiarid southeastern Loess Plateau." PeerJ 8 (May 5, 2020): e8853. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8853.
Full textAbstract:
Background Soil compaction can be mitigated by deep tillage and subsoiling practices following a long period of no-tillage. Fallow tillage rotation methods are frequently used to improve water availability in the soils of the southeastern Loess Plateau region of China. Rhizosphere soil bacteria are ecologically important for the transformation of matter and energy in the plant root system and can be influenced by tillage rotation treatments. However, the effect of tillage rotations on the bacterial community and structure of rhizosphere soil is not well understood. Methods A two-year field experiment was conducted with four tillage rotation treatments, including subsoil–subsoil (SS-SS), subsoil–deep tillage (SS-DT), deep tillage–deep tillage (DT-DT), and the control treatment of no-tillage–no-tillage (NT-NT). Our study was conducted during wheat’s fallow period to investigate the abundance, diversity, and functions of rhizosphere soil bacteria using high-throughput sequencing technology. Results Our results showed that tillage rotation methods significantly influenced the bacterial diversity and composition of the rhizosphere soil in the plough layer (20–40 cm depth) by altering the moisture content of the soil. The metabolism, environmental information processing, and genetic information processing of the bacteria in the rhizosphere soil were affected. The most abundant phyla across all samples were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Planctomycetes, Bacteroidetes, Gemmatimonadetes, Frimicutes, Chloroflexi, Nitrospirae, and Verrucomicrobia, which are classic bacterial decomposers in soil. The bacterial diversity and composition was similar for treatments causing higher soil perturbation (SS-DT and DT-DT), which disrupted the balance between aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The less disruptive tillage methods (SS-SS and NT-NT), preserved the integrity of the soil bacteria. However, the NT-NT treatment may have led to soil compaction, particularly in the 20–40 cm layer. These results suggested that SS-SS was the most effective tillage rotation practice to accumulate soil moisture, maintain the balance between aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, and to enhance the metabolic capacity of rhizosphere soil bacteria. This method may have a significant impact on the sustainable development and farming practices of dryland agriculture.
4
Sui, Junkang, Chenyu Wang, Feifan Hou, et al. "Effects of Deep Tillage on Rhizosphere Soil and Microorganisms During Wheat Cultivation." Microorganisms 12, no. 11 (2024): 2339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12112339.
Full textAbstract:
The production of wheat is fundamentally interconnected with worldwide food security. The practice of deep tillage (DT) cultivation has shown advantages in terms of soil enhancement and the mitigation of diseases and weed abundance. Nevertheless, the specific mechanisms behind these advantages are unclear. Accordingly, we aimed to clarify the influence of DT on rhizosphere soil (RS) microbial communities and its possible contribution to the improvement of soil quality. Soil fertility was evaluated by analyzing several soil characteristics. High-throughput sequencing techniques were utilized to explore the structure and function of rhizosphere microbial communities. Despite lowered fertility levels in the 0–20 cm DT soil layer, significant variations were noted in the microbial composition of the DT wheat rhizosphere, with Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria being the most prominent. Furthermore, the abundance of Bradyrhizobacteria, a nitrogen-fixing bacteria within the Proteobacteria phylum, was significantly increased. A significant increase in glycoside hydrolases within the DT group was observed, in addition to higher abundances of amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism genes in the COG and KEGG databases. Moreover, DT can enhance soil quality and boost crop productivity by modulating soil microorganisms’ carbon and nitrogen fixation capacities.
5
Yevdokimov, I. V., M. V. Semenov, and S. S. Bykhovets. "Rhizosphere Effect and Bacterial Community Structure in Horizons of Podzolic Soil under Spruce Plants (<i>Picea abies</i> L.)." Почвоведение, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0032180x22700010.
Full textAbstract:
The relationships between the rhizosphere effects, allocation in soil horizons and bacterial community structure in the rhizosphere and the bulk soil of Retisol under spruce trees (Tver region, Russia) were studied. The rhizosphere factors (Rf) expressed as ratios of soil characteristics in the rhizosphere to that in the bulk soil were determined for the basic indices of microbial respiration, biomass and available nutrients pools in the top AEL (3–15 cm) and deep EL horizons (15–46 cm). The most prominent rhizosphere effects (Rf 1.6) were revealed for microbial biomass C, basal respiration, and SOM turnover rate. Rf value for the SOM turnover rate in humus AEL horizon was approximately 1.5, while in the EL horizon it reached 6. The Rhizosphere had higher microbial diversity, with a significant contribution of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including representatives of Acidobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Solibacteres and Spartobacteria. The Gram-positive orders Bacillales and Clostridiales predominated in the bulk soil, with the relative contributions of more than 80 and 50% for the AEL and EL horizons, respectively. Based on the number of microbial activity indices with high Rf values (three for the lower EL horizon and only one for the upper humus AEL horizon), the rhizosphere of the lower horizon is probably more pronounced “hot spot” of biological activity than that in the top soil layer.
6
Sui, Junkang, Chenyu Wang, Changqing Ren, et al. "Effects of Deep Tillage on Wheat Regarding Soil Fertility and Rhizosphere Microbial Community." Microorganisms 12, no. 8 (2024): 1638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12081638.
Full textAbstract:
Wheat production is intrinsically linked to global food security. However, wheat cultivation is constrained by the progressive degradation of soil conditions resulting from the continuous application of fertilizers. This study aimed to examine the effects of deep tillage on rhizosphere soil microbial communities and their potential role in improving soil quality, given that the specific mechanisms driving these observed benefits remain unclear. Soil fertility in this research was evaluated through the analysis of various soil parameters, including total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, available phosphorus, and available potassium, among others. The high-throughput sequencing technique was utilized to examine the rhizosphere microbial community associated with deep tillage wheat. The findings indicated that deep tillage cultivation of wheat led to reduced fertility levels in the 0–20 cm soil layer in comparison with non-deep tillage cultivation. A sequencing analysis indicated that Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria are the dominant bacterial phyla, with Proteobacteria being significantly more abundant in the deep tillage group. The dominant fungal phyla identified were Ascomycota, Mortierellomycota, and Basidiomycota. Among bacterial genera, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, and Nocardioides were predominant, with Arthrobacter showing a significantly higher presence in the deep tillage group. The predominant fungal genera included Mortierella, Alternaria, Schizothecium, and Cladosporium. Deep tillage cultivation has the potential to enhance soil quality and boost crop productivity through the modulation of soil microbial community structure.
7
Druhan, Jennifer, Ivan Osorio-Leon, Paolo Benettin, Daniella Rempe, and Julien Bouchez. "Signatures of the deep rhizosphere: Novel instrumentation and predictive models." ARPHA Conference Abstracts 8 (May 28, 2025): e156623. https://doi.org/10.3897/aca.8.e156623.
Full textAbstract:
Vegetation simultaneously drives transpiration, a significant component of the hydrological balance, and stimulates the breakdown of bedrock and formation of soil. Together these actions impact both the magnitude of streamflow and the chemical or solute load of the stream. Yet, it is still unknown under what conditions deeply rooted plants enhance or impede chemical weathering of rocks. An unestablished link at the heart of this gap in knowledge are the ways in which coupling between plant water demand, plant nutrient demand and recycling of these elements through the ecosystem manifest in the geochemical composition of watersheds and the rivers that drain them. Addressing this unknown is of utmost practical importance to water resource management, environmental stewardship, ecosystem resilience to disturbance (storms, fire, drought), and ultimately nutrient effluxes from watersheds. This presentation introduces two recent advancements in our collective capacity to deconvolve these vital linkages between ecology, hydrology and chemical weathering: novel observational tools and ecologically informed chemical weathering models.First, we present hydrologic and geochemical observations from within the deep root-zone gained from the successful deployment of a Vadose zone Monitoring System (VMS). The VMS allows for real-time moisture content monitoring as well as discrete sampling of water and reactive gases across partially saturated bedrock. This novel capability has now revealed that the mature, deeply rooted forest relies on water stored in bedrock above the water table during the extended dry season. The VMS has also shown CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations and production rates in the deep root zone comparable to what is typically observed in shallow soils. This deep CO<sub>2</sub> is radiocarbon modern and thus associated with recent photosynthetically fixed carbon. Water chemistry observations from these depths indicate that this CO<sub>2</sub> production in the deep root-zone enhances chemical weathering by increasing carbonic acid formation. Thus, the extension of water and carbon fluxes to depths meters below soils leads to a hotspot of chemical weathering in the deep root zone where meteoric water, carbonic acid weathering potential, and primary minerals all intersect.Second, we present the derivation and testing of a new ecologically informed reactive transport model (RTM) which directly simulates the uptake of both water and nutrients across the deep rhizosphere. A key aspect of our modeling framework is that, unlike transpired water, rock-derived nutrients taken up by plants are not lost to the atmosphere but rather recycled into litter and soils, creating a biological pool in the Critical Zone cycling of rock-derived nutrients. Our model leads to the hypothesis that the water and nutrient demands of ecosystems, coupled with the capacity to partially or fully recycle elements to the soil surface, regulate the observed rates and depth of chemical weathering reactions. These results reveal the capacity for plant water and nutrient demands to both enhance and impede mineral weathering reactions, to drive formation of secondary minerals, and to redistribute elements across the vertical weathering profile. Ultimately, our model allows us to demonstrate how plant water and nutrient requirements manifest in the export of water and solutes by streams. The development of this forward model in tandem with critical advancements in direct observation and sampling of the deep rhizosphere is now poised to provide a foundation upon which to improve our understanding of reactive transport processes in watersheds and Critical Zone systems, which in turn supports advancements in ecohydrology, global elemental budgets, watershed stewardship, and water quality resources.
8
Kichko, Arina A., Grigory V. Gladkov, Pavel S. Ulianich, et al. "Water Stress, Cadmium, and Plant Genotype Modulate the Rhizosphere Microbiome of Pisum sativum L." Plants 11, no. 22 (2022): 3013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11223013.
Full textAbstract:
Drought and heavy metals seriously affect plant growth and the biodiversity of the associated rhizosphere microbiomes, which, in turn, could be involved in the adaptation of plants to these environmental stresses. Rhizosphere soil was collected from a three-factor pot experiment, where pea line SGE and its Cd-tolerant mutant SGECdt were cultivated under both optimal and limited water conditions and treated with a toxic Cd concentration. The taxonomic structure of the prokaryotic rhizosphere microbiome was analyzed with the high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicon libraries. A permutation test demonstrated statistically significant effects of Cd and water stress but not of pea genotype on the rhizosphere microbiome structure. Phylogenetic isometric log-ratio data transformation identified the taxonomic balances that were affected by abiotic factors and pea genotypes. A small number of significant (log ratio [−3.0:+3.0]) and phylogenetically deep balances characterized water stress, while a larger number of weak (log ratio [−0.8:+0.8]) phylogenetically lower balances described the influence of the plant genotype. Stress caused by cadmium took on an intermediate position. The main conclusion of the study is that the most powerful factor affecting the rhizosphere microbiome was water stress, and the weakest factor was plant genotype since it demonstrated a very weak transformation of the taxonomic structure of rhizosphere microbiomes in terms of alpha diversity indices, beta diversity, and the log ratio values of taxonomic balances.
9
Taniguchi, T., K. Nakano, N. Chiba, M. Nomura, and O. Nishimura. "Evaluation of extremely shallow vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland for nutrient removal." Water Science and Technology 59, no. 2 (2009): 295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.853.
Full textAbstract:
Mesocosm-scale vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands (SSF, 0.5 m length, 0.3 m width) with different reed-bed thickness, including standard SSF (SD, 0.6 m deep), shallow SSF (S, 0.3 m deep) and extremely shallow SSF (ES, 0.075 m deep) were set up at sewage treatment plant and their nutrient removal efficiencies from the sewage plant effluent were compared under three hydraulic loading rate (HLR) conditions of 0.15, 0.45 and 0.75 m3 m−2 d−1. A very interesting characteristics was found for the extremely shallow SSF, in which a high nitrogen removal efficiency was obtained despite the effective hydraulic retention time was only 1/8 times as long as the standard SSF. The results of kinetic analysis confirmed that the high volumetric nitrogen removal efficiency observed in the extremely shallow SSF did not depend on high response against the water temperature but on much higher basic nitrogen removal activity compared with other SSF. The phosphorus removal depending on the adsorption to sand in the reed-bed filter was, however, the lowest in the extremely shallow SSF although the volumetric removal efficiency was much higher compared with other SSF. Results of morphological analysis of rhizosphere collected from respective reed-bed suggested that the extremely shallow SSF lead to a very high-density rhizosphere, resulting in a high basic nitrogen removal activity and volumetric phosphorus removal efficiency.
10
Kovács, Barnabás, Marco Andreolli, Silvia Lampis, Borbála Biró, and Zsolt Kotroczó. "Bacterial Community Structure Responds to Soil Management in the Rhizosphere of Vine Grape Vineyards." Biology 13, no. 4 (2024): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology13040254.
Full textAbstract:
The microbial communities of the rhizospheres of vineyards have been subject to a considerable body of research, but it is still unclear how the applied soil cultivation methods are able to change the structure, composition, and level of diversity of their communities. Rhizosphere samples were collected from three neighbouring vineyards with the same time of planting and planting material (rootstock: Teleki 5C; Vitis vinifera: Müller Thurgau). Our objective was to examine the diversity occurring in bacterial community structures in vineyards that differ only in the methods of tillage procedure applied, namely intensive (INT), extensive (EXT), and abandoned (AB). For that we took samples from two depths (10–30 cm (shallow = S) and 30–50 cm (deep = D) of the grape rhizosphere in each vineyard and the laboratory and immediately prepared the slices of the roots for DNA-based analysis of the bacterial communities. Bacterial community structure was assessed by means of PCR-DGGE analysis carried out on the v3 region of 16S rRNA gene sequences. Based on the band composition of the DGGE profiles thus obtained, the diversity of the microbial communities was evaluated and determined by the Shannon–Weaver index (H′). Between the AB and EXT vineyards at the S depth, the similarity of the community structure was 55%; however, the similarity of the D samples was more than 80%, while the difference between the INT samples and the other two was also higher than 80%. Based on our results, we can conclude that intensive cultivation strongly affects the structure and diversity of the bacterial community.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Deep rhizosphere"
1
El, Mekdad Fatima. "La rhizodéposition dans les horizons profonds du sol peut-elle permettre de stocker du carbone ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS086.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
L'augmentation des émissions anthropiques de CO2 dans l'atmosphère accélère le changement climatique. Les sols contiennent trois fois plus de carbone que l'atmosphère et constituent donc un réservoir d'importance cruciale pour la régulation du climat. Il existe actuellement une réflexion pour stocker le carbone dans les couches profondes du sol, notamment via la rhizodéposition des plantes. Nous avons donc mené une expérience au CEREEP-Ecotron Ile-de-France pour quantifier les apports, et la persistance, du carbone rhizodéposé par les plantes à l'aide d'un marquage continu au 13C-CO2. Pour ce faire, deux variétés de blé aux systèmes racinaires contrastés ont été plantés dans des mésocosmes et cultivés pendant une saison de croissance complète et sous atmosphère enrichie en 13C. Nos objectifs étaient de quantifier le flux de carbone de l'atmosphère vers le sol et de mesurer sa persistance à court terme. Nos résultats suggèrent que la variété ancienne Plantahof rhizodépose une quantité plus élevée de carbone par rapport à la variété récente Nara notamment en profondeur. Cependant, le carbone apporté au sol par ces deux variétés a conduit à des pertes par minéralisation et des priming effects similaires. Ainsi, le bilan total du carbone était plus affecté par la profondeur du sol que les variétés utilisées dans l'étude. Par ailleurs, j'ai étudié, à partir d'une analyse bibliographique, la distribution selon la profondeur des activités enzymatiques hydrolases et oxydoréductases impliquées dans les cycles du carbone, de l'azote et du phosphore en fonction de la profondeur du sol. Les résultats de cette analyse ont montré que les profils d'activité dépendaient très fortement de la façon dont ces activités étaient exprimées, avec des activités qui diminuent avec la profondeur lorsqu'exprimées par masse de sol alors qu'elles sont plutôt stables, voire augmentent, lorsque exprimé par rapport à la biomasse microbienne. Pris dans leur ensemble, ces résultats montrent que la prise en compte du fonctionnement sur l'intégralité de la colonne de sol est indispensable pour comprendre la dynamique du carbone dans les écosystèmes terrestres<br>Increasing anthropogenic emissions of CO2 to the atmosphere are accelerating climate change. These emissions could be partially compensated by carbon fixation in the oceans, vegetation and soils. In particular, soils contain three times more carbon than the atmosphere, and therefore play a crucial role in climate regulation. It has been suggested that storing carbon in the deep layers of the soil, via rhizodeposition of plants, may be a useful avenue to pursue in order to mitigate climate change. We therefore conducted an experiment at CEREEP-Ecotron Ile-de-France to quantify the input and persistence of rhizodeposited carbon by plants using a continuous 13C-CO2 label. Two wheat varieties with contrasting root systems were planted in mesocosms and grown for a full growing season in a 13C-enriched atmosphere. Our objectives were to quantify the rooting-dependent flux of carbon from the atmosphere to the soil by isotopic tracing with 13C, and to measure its short-term persistence. The results showed that the old variety Plantahof rhizodeposited a larger amount of carbon than the more recent variety Nara, especially at depth. However, the carbon supplied to the soil by these two varieties led to similar amounts of organic C mineralization and priming effects. Thus, the total carbon balance was more related to the effect of soil depth than to the varieties used in the study. Furthermore, I carried out a meta-analysis of the distribution of enzymatic activities as a function of soil depth for hydrolases and oxidoreductases involved in the carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycle. The results of this analysis showed that the activity profiles depended very strongly on the way these activities were expressed, with activities mostly decreasing when expressed per soil mass, but remaining rather stable or even increasing with depth when expressed per unit microbial biomass. Taken together, these results show that considering the functioning of the entire soil column is essential to understand the dynamics of carbon in terrestrial ecosystems
Book chapters on the topic "Deep rhizosphere"
1
J Shakila, Parvin, and T Vijaya. "Biofertilizers: A review on advancing sustainable agriculture and enhancing soil health." In Deep Science Publishing. Deep Science Publishing, 2025. https://doi.org/10.70593/978-93-49307-18-6_5.
Full textAbstract:
Global population growth and rising food consumption pose significant challenges for agriculture which led to greater usage of inorganic fertilizers without considering soil health, which is crucial for achieving sustainable high yields. According to FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) agricultural product consumption will increase by 60% by 2030. However, the increased usage of chemical fertilizers had a negative impact on the environment and living organisms. Moreover, the negative impacts of using inorganic fertilizers can be seen on the ecosystem, subsurface water sources, and soil microorganisms. Biofertilizers play a key role in replenishing the lost biological activity in soil due to the overuse of chemical fertilizers, as they consist of beneficial microorganisms that foster healthy interactions with plants in the rhizosphere. These interactions ultimately contribute to enhancing plant health, soil fertility, and long-term sustainability. They create growth-promoting chemicals and vitamins, maintaining soil fertility and suppressing pathogens and illnesses, leading to improved production and yield components. Biofertilizers are micro-organisms that improve productivity by fixing nitrogen, solubilizing phosphate and creating growth stimulants for plants. Biofertilizers are a cost-effective alternative to chemical fertilizers, reducing the significant investment required for fertilizer use. Biofertilizers provide a possible alternative to toxic chemicals, hence promoting agricultural sustainability.
2
Sharma, Gayatri. "Microbes as Artists of Life." In Symbiosis in Nature [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109532.
Full textAbstract:
Scientists have been knocking the wood to ascertain the symbiotic relationships of tiny living creatures, that is, microorganisms with other beings such as plants, animals, insects, and humans. The concept of “symbiosis” got its existence in 1879, which means “living together.” Microorganisms show a great deal of diverse interactions such as commensalism (moochers), mutualism (both benefitted), and parasitism (one benefitted and other unharmed) with other living beings and mutualism being the most common of all, thus forming a range of antagonistic to cooperative symbiotic relationships. These tiny creatures interact with plants by forming lichens (fungi and algae), mycorrhizae (plants and roots of higher plants), root noodles (Rhizobium) and acting as keyworkers in plant’s rhizosphere promoting growth and development. Microbial community also extends itself to kingdom Animalia establishing relationships with phylum Mammalia including humans, animals, and the most abundant species of phylum Arthropoda, that is, insects such as termites, which have colonization of bacteria in gut to digest wood cellulose. Scientists have discovered that most studied organisms—mussels found in deep-sea hydrothermal vents too live in a mutualistic association whereby bacteria get protection and mussels get nutrition as bacteria use chemicals from hydrothermal fluid producing organic compounds.
Conference papers on the topic "Deep rhizosphere"
1
Schulz, Marjorie S., A. Dohnalkova, Corey Lawrence, and David A. Stonestrom. "EFFECTS OF ROOT AND RHIZOSPHERE PROCESSES ON DEEP SOILS AND BEDROCK." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-299098.
Full text