Journal articles: 'Deep saline aquifers'

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Zahid, Anwar, Farhana Islam, M. Rashidul Hassan, Kamrul Islam, and Nur Ahmed. "Analysis of Aquifer Pumping Test Data to Determine Deep Groundwater Security in Southeastern Bangladesh." Journal of Natural Resources and Development 8 (December 1, 2018): 125–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5027/jnrd.v8i0.12.

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In southeastern Bangladesh, where water quality in the upper aquifers is a serious constraint, future development will likely be confined to deep fresh groundwater. Owing to the importance and pervasive use of deep groundwater, the sustainability of water use has received extensive attention. However, excessive extraction from deep aquifers may pose a threat to the storage as well as the quality of water due to the high susceptibility to salinization and arsenic contamination from upper aquifers. Hence, determining the extension of aquifer units and the characterizing aquifer sediments are very important to ensure sustainable development and management of limited fresh groundwater resources. The study area extends over six districts of the southeastern coastal region of Bangladesh. In order to assess and monitor deep fresh groundwater potential in the study area, aquifer pumping tests were performed at six locations with up to 72 h of constant-discharge prior to recovery. Different methods were used to analyze the drawdown and recovery data considering aquifers as confined or leaky-confined. Based on transmissivity values it was found that the studied deep aquifers have moderate to high potential for potable water supply. However, this deep fresh groundwater may not be safe for a longer period where upper aquifer units contain saline groundwater and where there is no significant aquitard encountered above or below the deep aquifer. Irrigation extraction of the deep groundwater is not recommended.

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Dangi, Shankar Lal, Shruti Malik, Pijus Makauskas, Vilte Karliute, Ravi Sharma, and Mayur Pal. "Assessment of CO2 leakage using mechanistic modelling approach for CO2 injection in deep saline aquifer of Lithuanian basin in presence of fault and fractures." Baltic Carbon Forum 2 (October 13, 2023): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21595/bcf.2023.23619.

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Injecting CO2 into deep saline aquifers is a prominent strategy for carbon capture and storage (CCS) to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. However, ensuring the long-term integrity of CO2 storage is crucial to prevent leakage and potential environmental hazards. This paper investigates the impact of fracture permeability on CO2 leakage volumes in the context of CO2 injection into Syderiai deep saline aquifer for carbon capture and storage (CCS) applications. It explores the relationship between fracture permeability and the potential for CO2 leakage, as well as the volume of CO2 dissolved in water above and below the cap rock. Furthermore, the study examines how the leakage volume may evolve over time in Syderiai deep saline aquifer. A mechanistic model of Syderiai deep saline aquifer, of Lithuanian basin, was developed based on average permeability, porosity, NTG and thickness (Fig. 1) and is used in this analysis.

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Khanal, Aaditya, and Md Fahim Shahriar. "Physics-Based Proxy Modeling of CO2 Sequestration in Deep Saline Aquifers." Energies 15, no. 12 (June 14, 2022): 4350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15124350.

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The geological sequestration of CO2 in deep saline aquifers is one of the most effective strategies to reduce greenhouse emissions from the stationary point sources of CO2. However, it is a complex task to quantify the storage capacity of an aquifer as it is a function of various geological characteristics and operational decisions. This study applies physics-based proxy modeling by using multiple machine learning (ML) models to predict the CO2 trapping scenarios in a deep saline aquifer. A compositional reservoir simulator was used to develop a base case proxy model to simulate the CO2 trapping mechanisms (i.e., residual, solubility, and mineral trapping) for 275 years following a 25-year CO2 injection period in a deep saline aquifer. An expansive dataset comprising 19,800 data points was generated by varying several key geological and decision parameters to simulate multiple iterations of the base case model. The dataset was used to develop, train, and validate four robust ML models—multilayer perceptron (MLP), random forest (RF), support vector regression (SVR), and extreme gradient boosting (XGB). We analyzed the sequestered CO2 using the ML models by residual, solubility, and mineral trapping mechanisms. Based on the statistical accuracy results, with a coefficient of determination (R2) value of over 0.999, both RF and XGB had an excellent predictive ability for the cross-validated dataset. The proposed XGB model has the best CO2 trapping performance prediction with R2 values of 0.99988, 0.99968, and 0.99985 for residual trapping, mineralized trapping, and dissolution trapping mechanisms, respectively. Furthermore, a feature importance analysis for the RF algorithm identified reservoir monitoring time as the most critical feature dictating changes in CO2 trapping performance, while relative permeability hysteresis, permeability, and porosity of the reservoir were some of the key geological parameters. For XGB, however, the importance of uncertain geologic parameters varied based on different trapping mechanisms. The findings from this study show that the physics-based smart proxy models can be used as a robust predictive tool to estimate the sequestration of CO2 in deep saline aquifers with similar reservoir characteristics.

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Yang, Xiao Yi, Yan Feng Liu, and Jian Jun Wang. "CO₂ Storage Capacity Assessment of Deep Saline Aquifer in Central Depression of Songliao Basin." Advanced Materials Research 734-737 (August 2013): 1905–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.1905.

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Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is one of the effective means to reduce the carbon dioxide concentration in atmosphere. Deep saline aquifer is the most potential storage sites because of its wide spread and the huge storage capacity. The storage capacity of deep saline aquifer was determined by hydrogeological parameters of the assessed aquifer. Spatial discretization method based on the geostatistical method takes account of the spatial variability of hydrogeological parameters involved in capacity assessment, which applied by inputting the value of hydrological parameters of every cell and calculating the storage capacity of each cell. The total storage capacity in assessed area was the summation of all cells. In the Central Depression of Songliao Basin, the theoretical carbon dioxide storage capacity of deep saline aquifers was estimated as 81.80Gt with spatial discretization method. Compared with the other methods, this method can reflect the spatial characteristics of the carbon dioxide storage capacities and was more precise.

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Wang, Kai, Weifeng Lv, Zemin Ji, Ninghong Jia, Shumin Ni, Wen Jiang, Jinhong Cao, and Moxi Zhang. "A Study on the Dissolution Behavior of Typical Minerals in Continental Deposited Reservoirs during CO2 Geological Storage." Energies 16, no. 22 (November 13, 2023): 7560. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16227560.

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CO2 sequestration in saline aquifers is one of the most potential sequestration modes, and saline aquifers are ideal sites for CO2 geological sequestration. After CO2 is injected into a saline aquifer, it will have a long-term complex geochemical reaction with the formation of minerals and water, and the minerals will undergo multiple reactions such as dissolution and reprecipitation. Therefore, an in-depth study of the geochemical reaction mechanisms between CO2 and formation minerals is of great significance to the accurate calculation and prediction of CO2 storage volume and the safety evaluation of long-term CO2 sequestration. In China, continental saline aquifers are widely distributed, whose mineral compositions and texture maturity are markedly different from those of the marine sedimentary basins in North America, and their stratigraphic environments are more complicated. The studies on the CO2–water–rock (mineral) still have many research gaps or insufficiencies, and there is no report on the dissolution mechanisms of individual minerals in the reaction. Taking one certain block of Daqing Oilfield, which is a typical continental deposit in China, as an example, we analyze the dissolution laws and four types of typical continental deposited minerals under the effect of CO2 and the change features of ionic compositions and pH of the formation water in the process of geochemical reaction. The research results indicate that CO2 has different dissolution degrees for the four types of minerals, among which, feldspar, as the main mineral in continental sedimentary formations, has the lowest dissolution rate. Furthermore, in terms of the water type (Na+-enriched NaHCO3) of the saline aquifer in the deep part of the continental deposit, feldspar can precipitate into the secondary minerals represented by dawsonite in the later stage, which can act as the potential minerals of carbon fixation to increase the CO2 mineralization storage volume in continental deposited saline aquifers.

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Katayama, Taiki, Reo Ikawa, Masaru Koshigai, and Susumu Sakata. "Microbial methane formation in deep aquifers associated with the sediment burial history at a coastal site." Biogeosciences 20, no. 24 (December 21, 2023): 5199–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5199-2023.

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Abstract. Elucidating the mechanisms underlying microbial methane formation in subsurface environments is essential to understanding the global carbon cycle. This study examined how microbial methane formation (i.e., methanogenesis) occurs in natural-gas-bearing sedimentary aquifers throughout the sediment burial history. Water samples collected from six aquifers of different depths exhibited ascending vertical gradients in salinity from brine to fresh water and in temperature from mesophilic to psychrophilic conditions. Analyses of gas and water isotopic ratios and microbial communities indicated the predominance of methanogenesis via CO2 reduction. However, the hydrogen isotopic ratio of water changed along the depth and salinity gradient, whereas the ratio of methane changed little, suggesting that in situ methanogenesis in shallow sediments does not significantly contribute to methane in the aquifers. The population of methane-producing microorganisms (methanogens) was highest in the deepest saline aquifers, where the water temperature, salinity, and total organic carbon content of the adjacent mud sediments were the highest. Cultivation of the dominant hydrogenotrophic methanogens in the aquifers showed that the methanogenesis rate was maximized at the temperature corresponding to that of the deepest aquifer. These results suggest that high-temperature conditions in deeply buried sediments are associated with enhanced in situ methanogenesis and that methane that forms in the deepest aquifer migrates upward into the shallower aquifers by diffusion.

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Cao, Shuang Cindy, Jong Won Jung, and Jong Wan Hu. "CO₂-Brine Displacement in Geological CO₂ Sequestration: Microfluidic Flow Model Study." Applied Mechanics and Materials 752-753 (April 2015): 1210–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.752-753.1210.

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Geological CO2 sequestration is a promising method to reduce atmospheric CO2. Deep saline aquifers are one of the most important sites due to their capacity for CO2 storage. Thus, a better understanding of immiscible brine-CO2 mobility and their saturations including invading patterns in deep saline aquifers as CO2 storage sites is required. Microfluidic model provides the opportunity to discover unrecognized processes and to explore existing theories in fluid flow through porous media. In this study, the microfluidic model is used to explore the effects of both the supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) injecting velocity and ionic strength in saline aquifers on scCO2 invading patterns in geological CO2 sequestration. The results show that scCO2-brine displacement ratio increases with (1) increased scCO2 injecting velocity up to 40 μL/min, and (2) decreased ionic strength in the range of 1M~5M NaCl.

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Kurtzman, D., S. Baram, and O. Dahan. "Soil–aquifer phenomena affecting groundwater under vertisols: a review." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 20, no. 1 (January 15, 2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1-2016.

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Abstract. Vertisols are cracking clayey soils that (i) usually form in alluvial lowlands where, normally, groundwater pools into aquifers; (ii) have different types of voids (due to cracking), which make flow and transport of water, solutes and gas complex; and (iii) are regarded as fertile soils in many areas. The combination of these characteristics results in the unique soil–aquifer phenomena that are highlighted and summarized in this review. The review is divided into the following four sections: (1) soil cracks as preferential pathways for water and contaminants: in this section lysimeter-to basin-scale observations that show the significance of cracks as preferential-flow paths in vertisols, which bypass matrix blocks in the unsaturated zone, are summarized. Relatively fresh-water recharge and groundwater contamination from these fluxes and their modeling are reviewed; (2) soil cracks as deep evaporators and unsaturated-zone salinity: deep sediment samples under uncultivated vertisols in semiarid regions reveal a dry (immobile), saline matrix, partly due to enhanced evaporation through soil cracks. Observations of this phenomenon are compiled in this section and the mechanism of evapoconcentration due to air flow in the cracks is discussed; (3) impact of cultivation on flushing of the unsaturated zone and aquifer salinization: the third section examines studies reporting that land-use change of vertisols from native land to cropland promotes greater fluxes through the saline unsaturated-zone matrix, eventually flushing salts to the aquifer. Different degrees of salt flushing are assessed as well as aquifer salinization on different scales, and a comparison is made with aquifers under other soils; (4) relatively little nitrate contamination in aquifers under vertisols: in this section we turn the light on observations showing that aquifers under cultivated vertisols are somewhat resistant to groundwater contamination by nitrate (the major agriculturally related groundwater problem). Denitrification is probably the main mechanism supporting this resistance, whereas a certain degree of anion-exchange capacity may have a retarding effect as well.

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Kurtzman, D., S. Baram, and O. Dahan. "Soil–aquifer phenomena affecting groundwater under vertisols: a review." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 12, no. 9 (September 21, 2015): 9571–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-9571-2015.

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Abstract. Vertisols are cracking clayey soils that: (i) usually form in alluvial lowlands where normally, groundwater pools into aquifers, (ii) have different types of voids (due to cracking) which make flow and transport of water, solutes and gas complex, and (iii) are regarded as fertile soils in many areas. The combination of these characteristics results in the unique soil–aquifer phenomena that are highlighted and summarized in this review. The review is divided into the following four sections: (1) soil cracks as preferential pathways for water and contaminants; in this section lysimeter- to basin-scale observations that show the significance of cracks as preferential flow paths in vertisols which bypass matrix blocks in the unsaturated zone are summarized. Relatively fresh-water recharge and groundwater contamination from these fluxes and their modeling are reviewed, (2) soil cracks as deep evaporators and unsaturated-zone salinity; deep sediment samples under uncultivated vertisols in semiarid regions reveal a dry (immobile), saline matrix, partly due to enhanced evaporation through soil cracks. Observations of this phenomenon are compiled in this section and the mechanism of evapoconcentration due to air flow in the cracks is discussed, (3) impact of cultivation on flushing of the unsaturated zone and aquifer salinization; the third section examines studies reporting that land-use change of vertisols from native land to cropland promotes greater fluxes through the saline unsaturated-zone matrix, eventually flushing salts to the aquifer. Different degrees of salt flushing are assessed as well as aquifer salinization on different scales, and a comparison is made with aquifers under other soils, (4) relatively little nitrate contamination in aquifers under vertisols; In this section we turn the light on observations showing that aquifers under cultivated vertisols are somewhat resistant to groundwater contamination by nitrate (the major agriculturally related groundwater problem). Denitrification is probably the main mechanism supporting this resistance, whereas a certain degree of anion-exchange capacity may have a retarding effect as well.

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Rayward-Smith, W. J., and Andrew W. Woods. "Some implications of cold CO2injection into deep saline aquifers." Geophysical Research Letters 38, no. 6 (March 2011): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010gl046412.

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Dupraz, Sébastien, Bénédicte Ménez, Philippe Gouze, Richard Leprovost, Pascale Bénézeth, Oleg S. Pokrovsky, and François Guyot. "Experimental approach of CO2 biomineralization in deep saline aquifers." Chemical Geology 265, no. 1-2 (July 2009): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.12.012.

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Suriano, Alessandro, Costanzo Peter, Christoforos Benetatos, and Francesca Verga. "Gridding Effects on CO2 Trapping in Deep Saline Aquifers." Sustainability 14, no. 22 (November 15, 2022): 15049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142215049.

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Three-dimensional numerical models of potential underground storage and compositional simulation are a way to study the feasibility of storing carbon dioxide in the existing geological formations. However, the results of the simulations are affected by many numerical parameters, and we proved that the refinement of the model grid is one of them. In this study, the impact of grid discretization on CO2 trapping when the CO2 is injected into a deep saline aquifer was investigated. Initially, the well bottom-hole pressure profiles during the CO2 injection were simulated using four different grids. As expected, the results confirmed that the overpressure reached during injection is strongly affected by gridding, with coarse grids leading to non-representative values unless a suitable ramp-up CO2 injection strategy is adopted. Then, the same grids were used to simulate the storage behavior after CO2 injection so as to assess whether space discretization would also affect the simulation of the quantity of CO2 trapped by the different mechanisms. A comparison of the obtained results showed that there is also a significant impact of the model gridding on the simulated amount of CO2 permanently trapped in the aquifer by residual and solubility trapping, especially during the few hundred years following injection. Conversely, stratigraphic/hydrodynamic trapping, initially confining the CO2 underground due to an impermeable caprock, does not depend on gridding, whereas significant mineral trapping would typically occur over a geological timescale. The conclusions are that a fine discretization, which is acknowledged to be needed for a reliable description of the pressure evolution during injection, is also highly recommended to obtain representative results when simulating CO2 trapping in the subsurface. However, the expedients on CO2 injection allow one to perform reliable simulations even when coarse grids are adopted. Permanently trapped CO2 would not be correctly quantified with coarse grids, but a reliable assessment can be performed on a small, fine-grid model, with the results then extended to the large, coarse-grid model. The issue is particularly relevant because storage safety is strictly connected to CO2 permanent trapping over time.

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Bachu, Stefan. "Review of CO2 storage efficiency in deep saline aquifers." International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 40 (September 2015): 188–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2015.01.007.

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Birkholzer, Jens T., Curtis M. Oldenburg, and Quanlin Zhou. "CO2 migration and pressure evolution in deep saline aquifers." International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 40 (September 2015): 203–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2015.03.022.

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Uliasz-Misiak, Barbara, and Jacek Misiak. "Underground Gas Storage in Saline Aquifers: Geological Aspects." Energies 17, no. 7 (March 30, 2024): 1666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17071666.

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Energy, gases, and solids in underground sites are stored in mining excavations, natural caverns, salt caverns, and in the pore spaces of rock formations. Aquifer formations are mainly isolated aquifers with significant spreading, permeability, and thickness, possessing highly mineralized non-potable waters. This study discusses the most important aspects that determine the storage of natural gas, hydrogen, or carbon dioxide in deep aquifers. In particular, the selection and characterization of the structure chosen for underground storage, the storage capacity, and the safety of the process are considered. The choice of underground sites is made on the basis of the following factors and criteria: geological, technical, economic, environmental, social, political, or administrative–legal. The geological and dynamic model of the storage site is then drawn based on the characteristics of the structure. Another important factor in choosing a structure for the storage of natural gas, hydrogen, or carbon dioxide is its capacity. In addition to the type and dimensions of the structure and the petrophysical parameters of the reservoir rock, the storage capacity is influenced by the properties of the stored gases and the operating parameters of the storage facility. Underground gas storage is a process fraught with natural and technical hazards. Therefore, the geological integrity of the structure under consideration should be documented and verified. This article also presents an analysis of the location and the basic parameters of gas storage and carbon dioxide storage facilities currently operating in underground aquifers. To date, there have been no successful attempts to store hydrogen under analogous conditions. This is mainly due to the parameters of this gas, which are associated with high requirements for its storage.

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Diao, Yujie, Guowei Zhu, Hong Cao, Chao Zhang, Xufeng Li, and Xiaolin Jin. "Mesoscale Assessment of CO2 Storage Potential and Geological Suitability for Target Area Selection in the Sichuan Basin." Geofluids 2017 (2017): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9587872.

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In China, south of the Yangtze River, there are a large number of carbon sources, while the Sichuan Basin is the largest sedimentary basin; it makes sense to select the targets for CO2 geological storage (CGUS) early demonstration. For CO2 enhanced oil and gas, coal bed methane recovery (CO2-EOR, EGR, and ECBM), or storage in these depleted fields, the existing oil, gas fields, or coal seams could be the target areas in the mesoscale. This paper proposed a methodology of GIS superimposed multisource information assessment of geological suitability for CO2 enhanced water recovery (CO2-EWR) or only storage in deep saline aquifers. The potential per unit area of deep saline aquifers CO2 storage in Central Sichuan is generally greater than 50 × 104 t/km2 at P50 probability level, with Xujiahe group being the main reservoir. CO2 storage potential of depleted gas fields is 53.73 × 108 t, while it is 33.85 × 108 t by using CO2-EGR technology. This paper recommended that early implementation of CGUS could be carried out in the deep saline aquifers and depleted gas fields in the Sichuan Basin, especially that of the latter because of excellent traps, rich geological data, and well-run infrastructures.

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Ganjdanesh, Reza, Steven L. Bryant, Raymond L. Orbach, Gary A. Pope, and Kamy Sepehrnoori. "Coupled Carbon Dioxide Sequestration and Energy Production From Geopressured/Geothermal Aquifers." SPE Journal 19, no. 02 (May 23, 2013): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/163141-pa.

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Summary The current approach to carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) from pulverized-coal-fired power plants is not economically viable without either large subsidies or a very high price on carbon. Current schemes require roughly one-third of a power-plant's energy for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and pressurization. The production of energy from geopressured aquifers has evolved as a separate, independent technology from the sequestration of CO2 in deep, saline aquifers. A game-changing new idea is described here that combines the two technologies and adds another—the dissolution of CO2 into extracted brine that is then reinjected. A systematic investigation covering a range of conditions was performed to explore the best strategy for the coupled process of CO2 sequestration and energy production. Geological models of geopressured/geothermal aquifers were developed with available data from studies of Gulf Coast aquifers. These geological models were used to perform compositional reservoir simulations of realistic processes with coupled aquifer and wellbore models.

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Tseng, Chien Hao, Wei Chih Su, Chia Chen Kuo, and Chuan Lin Lai. "Simulating Migration Properties of Aquifer Disposal of CO₂ in Western Taiwan Basin." Applied Mechanics and Materials 752-753 (April 2015): 1275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.752-753.1275.

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Geologic sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in deep saline aquifers is one of the most feasible techniques for mitigating the greenhouse effect. However, over-optimistic design of CO2 injection scheme may adversely overwhelm the sealing capability of the cap-rock in the saline reservoir. In this study, we have developed a complex three-dimensional heterogeneous model to study the spatial and temporal distribution and storage of CO2 injection into the saline aquifer structure at Taiwan western offshore. For investigating the mechanisms of CO2 migration in a deep saline reservoir, which was hypothesized as a sequestration site, the result of numerical simulations was analyzed. Numerical simulation of CO2 migration in geologic formations can provide key information for predicting CO2 plumes before conducting field-scale operations or pilot tests. In order to avoid the problems of overpressure in the saline reservoir, the case study employs multi-well injection strategies. The sensitivity analyses based on the two different injection strategies in the western sea of Taiwan show that the locations of CO2 plume front might be from hundreds of meters to kilometers.

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Benaafi, Mohammed, and Abdulaziz Al-Shaibani. "Hydrochemical and Isotopic Investigation of the Groundwater from Wajid Aquifer in Wadi Al-Dawasir, Southern Saudi Arabia." Water 13, no. 13 (July 3, 2021): 1855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13131855.

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The Wajid aquifer is considered the main source of water for drinking and irrigation in Wadi Al-Dawasir and Najran, the southern region of Saudi Arabia. This aquifer has been used since the 1960s, and due to the expansion in agricultural activities, the aquifer has been overexploited. The study aims to understand the origin, hydrochemical processes of the groundwater in the shallow unconfined, deep unconfined, and confined parts of the Wajid aquifer in the Wadi Al-Dawasir area. In-situ hydrochemical parameters (pH, temperature, EC, and TDS) were measured in the field, and groundwater samples were collected for major ions and stable isotopes (2H and 18O) measurements in the laboratory. The results show that the groundwater in shallow unconfined, and confined aquifers are of two types; Cl.SO4-Ca. Na and Cl.SO4-Na. Ca; however, groundwater in deep, unconfined aquifers is characterized as HCO3-Ca. Na, and Cl. HCO3-Ca. Na; types of groundwater. The isotopic analysis results reveal that all groundwater samples have values of δ18Oand δ2Hclose to the local and global meteoric water lines, indicating the meteoric origin of Wajid groundwater. Three major hydrochemical processes, including rock weathering, ion exchange, and evaporation, have been identified as key controls on the chemical composition of water in the studied aquifer. The evaporation and ion exchange processes have more influence on the chemical composition of groundwater in the shallow unconfined and confined aquifers. On the contrary, weathering of carbonate minerals affected more the chemistry of groundwater in a deep unconfined aquifer. The unconfined section of the Wajid aquifer shows a reverse pattern of salinity with higher salinity in the recharge area, which is most probably related to the return irrigation water and leaching of salty soil. The open fractures in the upper part of Wajid sandstone most likely act as conduits to percolated saline water to the Wajid aquifer.

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Kabera, Telesphore, and Yi Lian Li. "Injecting CO₂ and Pumping Out Saline Formation Water Simultaneously to Control Pressure Build-Up while Storing CO₂ in Deep Saline Aquifers." Defect and Diffusion Forum 332 (December 2012): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.332.63.

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Production of saline formation water from the storage formation in sufficient amounts helps to control the pressure increase during CO2 storage in saline aquifers. In this paper, we present an engineering design to control the pressure build-up during CO2 storage in deep saline aquifers and we propose that the extracted saline formation water can be processed at the industrial level in order to produce commercial salt. We investigated the effects on various aquifer properties of pressure increases. Several design options for the injection operations are investigated: injection of CO2 without saline formation water production, injection of CO2 with one production well and, finally, injection of CO2 with one left side and one right side production wells. We showed that an increase in saline formation water production rate leads to pressure build-up decreases, when the production rate was tripled (from 61.42kg/s to 184.26kg/s); the maximum pressure was decreased by about 15bar. About a half of base case temperature (89°C to 45°C) increased the maximum pressure by about 35bar. The pore compressibility which is a key parameter defining the pressure response to CO2 injection has also been investigated whereby an increase in pore compressibility leads to decreases in pressure build-up. Simulation results showed that the introduction of two wells (left side and right side of the production well) increases more or less the horizontal migration of the CO2.

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Kissinger, Alexander, Vera Noack, Stefan Knopf, Wilfried Konrad, Dirk Scheer, and Holger Class. "Regional-scale brine migration along vertical pathways due to CO<sub>2</sub> injection – Part 2: A simulated case study in the North German Basin." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 21, no. 6 (June 9, 2017): 2751–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2751-2017.

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Abstract. Saltwater intrusion into potential drinking water aquifers due to the injection of CO2 into deep saline aquifers is one of the hazards associated with the geological storage of CO2. Thus, in a site-specific risk assessment, models for predicting the fate of the displaced brine are required. Practical simulation of brine displacement involves decisions regarding the complexity of the model. The choice of an appropriate level of model complexity depends on multiple criteria: the target variable of interest, the relevant physical processes, the computational demand, the availability of data, and the data uncertainty. In this study, we set up a regional-scale geological model for a realistic (but not real) onshore site in the North German Basin with characteristic geological features for that region. A major aim of this work is to identify the relevant parameters controlling saltwater intrusion in a complex structural setting and to test the applicability of different model simplifications. The model that is used to identify relevant parameters fully couples flow in shallow freshwater aquifers and deep saline aquifers. This model also includes variable-density transport of salt and realistically incorporates surface boundary conditions with groundwater recharge. The complexity of this model is then reduced in several steps, by neglecting physical processes (two-phase flow near the injection well, variable-density flow) and by simplifying the complex geometry of the geological model. The results indicate that the initial salt distribution prior to the injection of CO2 is one of the key parameters controlling shallow aquifer salinization. However, determining the initial salt distribution involves large uncertainties in the regional-scale hydrogeological parameterization and requires complex and computationally demanding models (regional-scale variable-density salt transport). In order to evaluate strategies for minimizing leakage into shallow aquifers, other target variables can be considered, such as the volumetric leakage rate into shallow aquifers or the pressure buildup in the injection horizon. Our results show that simplified models, which neglect variable-density salt transport, can reach an acceptable agreement with more complex models.

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Feizizadeh, Bakhtiar, Zahra Abdollahi, and Behzad Shokati. "A GIS-Based Spatiotemporal Impact Assessment of Droughts in the Hyper-Saline Urmia Lake Basin on the Hydro-Geochemical Quality of Nearby Aquifers." Remote Sensing 14, no. 11 (May 24, 2022): 2516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14112516.

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Urmia Lake is a hyper-saline lake in northwestern Iran that has been drying up since 2005. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the water quality in aquifers that are the main source of fresh water for the eastern plains Urmia Lake, which has been drying up due to intensive land use/cover changes and climate change. We evaluated hydro-geochemical data and factors contributing to aquifer pollution and quality variation for nine aquifers in the vicinity of Urmia Lake during the dry and wet seasons from 2000–2020. Our methodology was based on the analysis of 10 years of data from 356 deep and semi-deep wells using GIS spatial analysis, multivariate statistical analysis, and agglomerative hierarchical clustering. We developed a Water Quality Index (WQI) for spatiotemporal assessment of the status of the aquifers. In doing so, we highlighted the value of combining Principal Component Analysis (PCA), WQI, and GIS to determine the hydro-geochemical attributes of the aquifers. We found that the groundwater in central parts of the study area was unsuitable for potable supplies. Anthropogenic sources of contamination, such as chemical fertilizers, industrial waste, and untreated sewage water, might be the key factors causing excessive concentrations of contaminants affecting the water quality. The PCA results showed that over 80% of the total variance could be attributed to two principal factors for most aquifers and three principal factors for two of the aquifers. We employed GIS-based spatial analysis to map groundwater quality in the study area. Based on the WQI values, approximately 48% of groundwater samples were identified as poor to unsuitable for drinking purposes. Results of this study provide a better hydro-geochemical understanding of the multiple aquifers that require preventive action against groundwater damage. We conclude that the combined approach of using a multivariate statistical technique and spatial analysis is effective for determining the factors controlling groundwater quality.

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Ren, Jie, Yuan Wang, Di Feng, and Jiakun Gong. "CO2 migration and distribution in multiscale-heterogeneous deep saline aquifers." Advances in Geo-Energy Research 5, no. 3 (July 10, 2021): 333–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.46690/ager.2021.03.08.

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Basbug, B., and F. Gumrah. "Parametric Study of Carbon Dioxide Sequestration in Deep Saline Aquifers." Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 31, no. 3 (January 2009): 255–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567030802087403.

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Ozgur, E., and F. Gümrah. "Analytical and Numerical Modeling of CO2Sequestration in Deep Saline Aquifers." Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 32, no. 7 (January 25, 2010): 674–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567030802606145.

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Saylor, Beverly Z., and B. Zerai. "Injection and trapping of carbon dioxide in deep saline aquifers." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 236, no. 1 (2004): 285–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.2004.236.01.17.

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Vilarrasa, Victor, Diogo Bolster, Sebastia Olivella, and Jesus Carrera. "Coupled hydromechanical modeling of CO2 sequestration in deep saline aquifers." International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 4, no. 6 (December 2010): 910–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2010.06.006.

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Vilarrasa, Víctor, Orlando Silva, Jesús Carrera, and Sebastià Olivella. "Liquid CO2 injection for geological storage in deep saline aquifers." International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 14 (May 2013): 84–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2013.01.015.

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Ovaysi, Saeed, and Mohammad Piri. "Pore-scale dissolution of CO2+SO2 in deep saline aquifers." International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 15 (July 2013): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2013.02.009.

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Vaziri, Pouya, and Behnam Sedaee. "An application of a genetic algorithm in co-optimization of geological CO2 storage based on artificial neural networks." Clean Energy 8, no. 1 (January 10, 2024): 111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ce/zkad077.

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Abstract Global warming, driven by human-induced disruptions to the natural carbon dioxide (CO2) cycle, is a pressing concern. To mitigate this, carbon capture and storage has emerged as a key strategy that enables the continued use of fossil fuels while transitioning to cleaner energy sources. Deep saline aquifers are of particular interest due to their substantial CO2 storage potential, often located near fossil fuel reservoirs. In this study, a deep saline aquifer model with a saline water production well was constructed to develop the optimization workflow. Due to the time-consuming nature of each realization of the numerical simulation, we introduce a surrogate aquifer model derived from extracted data. The novelty of our work lies in the pioneering of simultaneous optimization using machine learning within an integrated framework. Unlike previous studies, which typically focused on single-parameter optimization, our research addresses this gap by performing multi-objective optimization for CO2 storage and breakthrough time in deep saline aquifers using a data-driven model. Our methodology encompasses preprocessing and feature selection, identifying eight pivotal parameters. Evaluation metrics include root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and R2. In predicting CO2 storage values, RMSE, MAPE and R2 in test data were 2.07%, 1.52% and 0.99, respectively, while in blind data, they were 2.5%, 2.05% and 0.99. For the CO2 breakthrough time, RMSE, MAPE and R2 in the test data were 2.1%, 1.77% and 0.93, while in the blind data they were 2.8%, 2.23% and 0.92, respectively. In addressing the substantial computational demands and time-consuming nature of coupling a numerical simulator with an optimization algorithm, we have adopted a strategy in which the trained artificial neural network is seamlessly integrated with a multi-objective genetic algorithm. Within this framework, we conducted 5000 comprehensive experiments to rigorously validate the development of the Pareto front, highlighting the depth of our computational approach. The findings of the study promise insights into the interplay between CO2 breakthrough time and storage in aquifer-based carbon capture and storage processes within an integrated framework based on data-driven coupled multi-objective optimization.

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Wanigarathna Jayasekara, Dinesha, and Ranjith Pathegama Gamage. "The effect of CO2 injection on caprock permeability in deep saline aquifers." E3S Web of Conferences 205 (2020): 02010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020502010.

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During CO2 injection into deep saline aquifers, the overlying caprock may be subjected to geochemical reactions which can alter the leakage pathways for injected CO2. Thus, it is crucial to identify the supercritical CO2 (scCO2) flow behaviour via fractures in caprock and its permeability to estimate the permanence of injected CO2. The objective of this study is to find the effect of scCO2 flow on fractured caprock permeability. A fractured siltstone sample was saturated in deionized water and conducted scCO2 permeability tests using a high-precision advanced core flooding apparatus under different injection pressures and confinements. Next, the siltstone sample was saturated in 10% w/w NaCl brine and conduced scCO2 permeability tests as described earlier. The results show that the brine-saturated sample has low permeability compared to water-saturated siltstone sample. The reason would be the deposition of evaporites during scCO2 flow through the fractured sample. This is known as CO2 dry-out phenomenon or absorbing moisture into the scCO2, making the remaining brine saturated with salts. Thus, the CO2 back-migration through the caprock discontinuities becomes minimized due to CO2 dry-out phenomenon, which is an advantage for the caprock integrity in deep saline aquifers. In addition, aquifers with high salinity contents show significant dry-out phenomenon because pore fluid easily becomes supersaturated with salts due to evaporation of moisture into the scCO2.

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Chabab, Elena, Michael Kühn, and Thomas Kempka. "Upwelling mechanisms of deep saline waters via Quaternary erosion windows considering varying hydrogeological boundary conditions." Advances in Geosciences 58 (November 14, 2022): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-58-47-2022.

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Abstract. Intrusion of deep saline waters into freshwater aquifers does not only endanger the regional drinking water supply, but also rivers and stagnant waters and their fauna are threatened by salinisation. The upwelling of highly mineralised saline waters in large parts of the North German Basin is favoured by the presence of Elsterian glacial erosion windows in the Lower Oligocene Rupelian Clay, the most important hydraulic confining unit in this region. Lower precipitation rates and decreasing groundwater levels as a consequence of global climate change, but also anthropogenic interventions, such as increasing extraction rates or the use of the deep geologic subsurface as a reservoir, decrease the pressure potential in the freshwater column and may possibly accelerate this primarily geogenic salinisation process in the coming years. Density-driven flow and transport modelling was performed in the scope of the present study to investigate the upwelling mechanisms of deep saline waters across Quaternary window sediments in the Rupelian. Simulation results show that the interactions between the groundwater recharge rate and anthropogenic interventions such as extraction rates of drinking water wells or the utilisation of the deep subsurface, have a significant influence on the groundwater pressure potential in the freshwater aquifer and associated saltwater upwelling. In all scenarios, salinisation is most severe in the sediments of the erosion windows. Hydraulically conductive faults also intensify salinisation if located nearside erosion windows or induce a more distributed or localised salinisation in aquifers with drinking water relevance in areas that do not intersect with erosion windows. A decline in groundwater recharge thereby significantly favours upward saltwater migration. The simulation scenarios further show that a decrease in groundwater recharge also results in freshwater salinisation occurring up to 10 years earlier, which underlines the need for waterworks to initiate effective countermeasures quickly and in time.

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Al-Khdheeawi, Emad A., Stephanie Vialle, Ahmed Barifcani, Mohammad Sarmadivaleh, and Stefan Iglauer. "Effect of brine salinity on CO2 plume migration and trapping capacity in deep saline aquifers." APPEA Journal 57, no. 1 (2017): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj16248.

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CO2 migration and storage capacity are highly affected by various parameters (e.g. reservoir temperature, vertical to horizontal permeability ratio, cap rock properties, aquifer depth and the reservoir heterogeneity). One of these parameters, which has received little attention, is brine salinity. Although brine salinity has been well demonstrated previously as a factor affecting rock wettability (i.e. higher brine salinity leads to more CO2-wet rocks), its effect on the CO2 storage process has not been addressed effectively. Thus, we developed a three-dimensional homogeneous reservoir model to simulate the behaviour of a CO2 plume in a deep saline aquifer using five different salinities (ranging from 2000 to 200 000 ppm) and have predicted associated CO2 migration patterns and trapping capacities. CO2 was injected at a depth of 1408 m for a period of 1 year at a rate of 1 Mt year–1 and then stored for the next 100 years. The results clearly indicate that 100 years after the injection of CO2 has stopped, the salinity has a significant effect on the CO2 migration distance and the amount of mobile, residual and dissolved CO2. First, the results show that higher brine salinity leads to an increase in CO2 mobility and CO2 migration distance, but reduces the amount of residually trapped CO2. Furthermore, high brine salinity leads to reduced dissolution trapping. Thus, we conclude that less-saline aquifers are preferable CO2 sinks.

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Bloch, David. "Waste Desalination Streams, Pre - Salt and Energy Genesis, Replenishing Oil, Gas Salt Diapirs in “Salt Mirror Petroleum Formations" - 40 Years in Retrospect, and Ancient Qanat Karez Mineral Salt Leaching Technology." Open Access Journal of Waste Management & Xenobiotics 2, no. 4 (2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajwx-16000131.

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The Geology Of “Salt Mirrors” a s t he Responsible Hydraulic Mechanisms Enabling t he Disappearance o f Heavy Saline Waste Fluids, a nd Other Waste Toxic Sediments i nto Deep Land a nd Ocean Aquifers. A hydraulic mechanism which dissolves salt to form so - called “ salt mirrors” results in exceptionally flat geological expanses of wetland, for example, suitable for solar evaporation pans. Whether initially in the form of evaporates, eutectic deposits, domes or other rock salt diapirs, the mechanism is proposed to be responsible for transporting most waste organic and inorganic debris into very deep aquifers in the water table: Specifically the interface of fresh water and heavy saturated brines in the water table initiates powerful horizontal and vertical liquid strea ms which are capable of collecting most sediment waste material and concentrating it into heavy gradient saline pools. Based on observations made in 1953 and presented to the 4th Salt Symposium Ohio USA by M.R.Bloch, it is also proposed that this mechanism is responsible for the slurry concentrating function of huge quantities of decomposed biodiversity waste and transporting it to such subterranean reservoirs where it subsequently is transformed into crude petroleum. Historically this mechanism became natu re's process of recycling waste to very great depths in the Earth's aquifers. It could also become the obvious destination for toxic RO reject brine. During mankind’s short industrial timeline, raw chemical and even nuclear waste has been added to the equa tion and it is estimated that as this very deep interface of water and saturated brine rises together with the water table, and that it may percolate up through these same aquifers. This will be particularly true in the event that the water table raises du e to predicted increased eustatic sea levels. Salt - driven wetlands and other historical saline concentrations and salt deposits are an integral part of the process in this mechanism and therefore careful control of these saline streams at their point of ev olution must become a priority to sustaining such wetland sub oceanic ecosystems.

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Jayasekara, D. W., and P. G. Ranjith. "Effect of Geochemical Characteristics on Caprock Performance in Deep Saline Aquifers." Energy & Fuels 35, no. 3 (January 25, 2021): 2443–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c03726.

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Chalbaud, C., M. Robin, J. M. Lombard, H. Bertin, and P. Egermann. "Brine/CO2Interfacial Properties and Effects on CO2Storage in Deep Saline Aquifers." Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue de l’Institut Français du Pétrole 65, no. 4 (May 20, 2010): 541–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2009061.

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Ranganathan, Panneerselvam, Patrick van Hemert, E. Susanne J. Rudolph, and Pacelli Z. J. Zitha. "Numerical modeling of CO2 mineralisation during storage in deep saline aquifers." Energy Procedia 4 (2011): 4538–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.411.

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De Silva, G. P. D., P. G. Ranjith, and M. S. A. Perera. "Geochemical aspects of CO2 sequestration in deep saline aquifers: A review." Fuel 155 (September 2015): 128–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.03.045.

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Donda, F., V. Volpi, S. Persoglia, and D. Parushev. "CO2 storage potential of deep saline aquifers: The case of Italy." International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 5, no. 2 (March 2011): 327–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2010.08.009.

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Farhat, Karim, and Sally M. Benson. "A technical assessment of CO2 Interim Storage in deep saline aquifers." International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 15 (July 2013): 200–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2013.02.018.

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Vilarrasa, Victor, Diogo Bolster, Marco Dentz, Sebastia Olivella, and Jesus Carrera. "Effects of CO2 Compressibility on CO2 Storage in Deep Saline Aquifers." Transport in Porous Media 85, no. 2 (April 27, 2010): 619–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11242-010-9582-z.

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Wang, Yuan, Jie Ren, Shaobin Hu, and Di Feng. "Global Sensitivity Analysis to Assess Salt Precipitation for CO2 Geological Storage in Deep Saline Aquifers." Geofluids 2017 (2017): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5603923.

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Salt precipitation is generated near the injection well when dry supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) is injected into saline aquifers, and it can seriously impair the CO2 injectivity of the well. We used solid saturation (Ss) to map CO2 injectivity. Ss was used as the response variable for the sensitivity analysis, and the input variables included the CO2 injection rate (QCO2), salinity of the aquifer (XNaCl), empirical parameter m, air entry pressure (P0), maximum capillary pressure (Pmax), and liquid residual saturation (Splr and Sclr). Global sensitivity analysis methods, namely, the Morris method and Sobol method, were used. A significant increase in Ss was observed near the injection well, and the results of the two methods were similar: XNaCl had the greatest effect on Ss; the effect of P0 and Pmax on Ss was negligible. On the other hand, with these two methods, QCO2 had various effects on Ss: QCO2 had a large effect on Ss in the Morris method, but it had little effect on Ss in the Sobol method. We also found that a low QCO2 had a profound effect on Ss but that a high QCO2 had almost no effect on the Ss value.

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Carter, Terry R., Lee D. Fortner, Hazen A. J. Russell, Mitchell E. Skuce, Fred J. Longstaffe, and Shuo Sun. "A Hydrostratigraphic Framework for the Paleozoic Bedrock of Southern Ontario." Geoscience Canada 48, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 23–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2021.48.172.

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Groundwater systems in the intermediate to deep subsurface of southern Ontario are poorly understood, despite their value for a number of societal uses. A regional hydrostratigraphic framework is a necessary precursor for improving our understanding of groundwater systems and enabling development of a 3-D hydrostratigraphic model to visualize these groundwater systems. This study is a compilation and integration of published and unpublished geological, hydrogeological, hydrochemical and isotopic data collected over the past 10 years to develop that framework.Bedrock is covered by a thin veneer of surficial sediments that comprise an aquifer/aquitard system of considerable local variability and complexity. Aquifers in the bedrock are thin and regionally extensive, separated by thick aquitards, within a well-defined lithostratigraphic framework and a well-developed hydrochemical depth zonation comprising a shallow fresh water regime, an intermediate brackish to saline sulphur water regime, and a deep brine regime of ancient, evaporated seawater. Occurrence and movement of groundwater in shallow bedrock is principally controlled by modern (Quaternary) karstic dissolution of subcropping carbonate and evaporite rocks, and in the intermediate to deep subsurface by paleokarst horizons developed during the Paleozoic. Flow directions in the surficial sediments of the shallow groundwater regime are down-gradient from topographic highs and down the regional dip of bedrock formations in the intermediate regime. Shallow karst is the entry point for groundwater penetration into the intermediate regime, with paleo-recharge by glacial meltwater and limited recent recharge by meteoric water at subcrop edges, and down-dip hydraulic gradients in confined aquifers. Hydraulic gradient is up-dip in the deep brine regime, at least for the Guelph Aquifer and the Cambrian Aquifer, with no isotopic or hydrochemical evidence of infiltration of meteoric water and no discharge to the surface.Fourteen bedrock hydrostratigraphic units are proposed, and one unit comprising all the surficial sediments. Assignment of lithostratigraphic units as hydrostratigraphic units is based principally on hydrogeological characteristics of Paleozoic bedrock formations in the intermediate to deep groundwater regimes, below the influence of modern meteoric water. Carbonate and evaporite rocks which form aquitards in the subsurface may form aquifers at or near the surface, due to karstic dissolution by acidic meteoric water, necessitating compromises in assignment of hydrostratigraphic units.

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Heidari, Parvaneh, and Hassan Hassanzadeh. "Modeling of Carbon Dioxide Leakage from Storage Aquifers." Fluids 3, no. 4 (October 23, 2018): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids3040080.

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Long-term geological storage of CO2 in deep saline aquifers offers the possibility of sustaining access to fossil fuels while reducing emissions. However, prior to implementation, associated risks of CO2 leakage need to be carefully addressed to ensure safety of storage. CO2 storage takes place by several trapping mechanisms that are active on different time scales. The injected CO2 may be trapped under an impermeable rock due to structural trapping. Over time, the contribution of capillary, solubility, and mineral trapping mechanisms come into play. Leaky faults and fractures provide pathways for CO2 to migrate upward toward shallower depths and reduce the effectiveness of storage. Therefore, understanding the transport processes and the impact of various forces such as viscous, capillary and gravity is necessary. In this study, a mechanistic model is developed to investigate the influence of the driving forces on CO2 migration through a water saturated leakage pathway. The developed numerical model is used to determine leakage characteristics for different rock formations from a potential CO2 storage site in central Alberta, Canada. The model allows for preliminary analysis of CO2 leakage and finds applications in screening and site selection for geological storage of CO2 in deep saline aquifers.

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Proietti, Giampaolo, Marko Cvetković, Bruno Saftić, Alessia Conti, Valentina Romano, and Sabina Bigi. "3D modelling and capacity estimation of potential targets for CO₂ storage in the Adriatic Sea, Italy." Petroleum Geoscience 28, no. 1 (October 12, 2021): petgeo2020–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/petgeo2020-117.

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One of the most innovative and effective technologies developed in recent decades for reducing carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere is carbon capture and storage (CCS). It consists of capture, transport and injection of CO2 produced by energy production plants or other industries. The injection takes place in deep geological formations with the suitable geometrical and petrophysical characteristics to trap CO2 permanently in the subsurface, which is called geological storage. In the development process of a potential geological storage site, correct capacity estimation of the injectable volumes of CO2 is one of the most important aspects. There are various approaches to estimate CO2 storage capacities for potential traps, including geometrical equations, dynamic modelling, numerical modelling and 3D modelling. In this work, the generation of 3D petrophysical models and equations for calculation of the storage volumes are used to estimate the effective storage capacity of four potential saline aquifers in the Adriatic Sea offshore. The results show how different saline aquifers, with different lithologies at favourable depths, can host a reasonable amount of CO2, which will require further and more detailed feasibility studies for each of these structures. A detailed analysis is carried out for each saline aquifer identified, varying the parameters of each structure identified and adapting them for a realistic estimate of potential geological storage capacity.Thematic collection: This article is part of the Geoscience for CO2 storage collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/geoscience-for-co2-storage

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Scheer, Dirk, Wilfried Konrad, Holger Class, Alexander Kissinger, Stefan Knopf, and Vera Noack. "Regional-scale brine migration along vertical pathways due to CO<sub>2</sub> injection – Part 1: The participatory modeling approach." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 21, no. 6 (June 9, 2017): 2739–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2739-2017.

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Abstract. Saltwater intrusion into potential drinking water aquifers due to the injection of CO2 into deep saline aquifers is one of the potential hazards associated with the geological storage of CO2. Thus, in a site selection process, models for predicting the fate of the displaced brine are required, for example, for a risk assessment or the optimization of pressure management concepts. From the very beginning, this research on brine migration aimed at involving expert and stakeholder knowledge and assessment in simulating the impacts of injecting CO2 into deep saline aquifers by means of a participatory modeling process. The involvement exercise made use of two approaches. First, guideline-based interviews were carried out, aiming at eliciting expert and stakeholder knowledge and assessments of geological structures and mechanisms affecting CO2-induced brine migration. Second, a stakeholder workshop including the World Café format yielded evaluations and judgments of the numerical modeling approach, scenario selection, and preliminary simulation results. The participatory modeling approach gained several results covering brine migration in general, the geological model sketch, scenario development, and the review of the preliminary simulation results. These results were included in revised versions of both the geological model and the numerical model, helping to improve the analysis of regional-scale brine migration along vertical pathways due to CO2 injection.

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Kött, Anne, and Kracht Matthias. "CO2 storage potential in deep saline aquifers in the state of Hesse, Germany." Schriftenreihe der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften 74 (December 5, 2011): 165–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/sdgg/74/2011/165.

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Bybee, Karen. "Numerical Simulation of CO2 and CO2/H2S Storage in Deep Saline Aquifers." Journal of Petroleum Technology 58, no. 08 (August 1, 2006): 68–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0806-0068-jpt.

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Wang, Yuhang, Cornelis Vuik, and Hadi Hajibeygi. "CO2 Storage in deep saline aquifers: impacts of fractures on hydrodynamic trapping." International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 113 (January 2022): 103552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2021.103552.

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Darcis, M., H. Class, B. Flemisch, and R. Helmig. "Sequential Model Coupling for Feasibility Studies of CO2Storage in Deep Saline Aquifers." Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles 66, no. 1 (January 2011): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2010037.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Deep saline aquifers'

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