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Journal articles on the topic 'Deep-sea fishes – Southern hemisphere'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

Tsygankov, Vasily Yu, Margarita D. Boyarova, Olga N. Lukyanova, and Nadezhda K. Khristoforova. "Hexachlorocyclohexane and DDT in marine organisms from the Bering and the Okhotsk Seas." Izvestiya TINRO 176, no. 1 (2014): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.26428/1606-9919-2014-176-5-10.

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Organochlorine pesticides (HCHs and DDT) are harmful and toxic substances affected biota. HCHs and DDT are still used as pesticides in the Southern Hemisphere and from there can reach the North Pacific due to atmospheric transfer. Isomers of HCH and DDT and their metabolites were detected in organs of some marine mammals ( Eschrichtius robustus, Odobenus rosmarus divergens ) from the Bering Sea; the maximum concentration was found in the walrus liver (90263 ng/g lipids). To trace these pollutants spreading in the Okhotsk Sea, the seabirds (Pacific gull Larus schistisagus, crested auklet Aethia

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JOHNSON, JEFFREY W., and JESSICA WORTHINGTON WILMER. "Three new species of Parapercis (Perciformes: Pinguipedidae) and first records of P. muronis (Tanaka, 1918) and P. rubromaculata Ho, Chang & Shao, 2012 from Australia." Zootaxa 4388, no. 2 (2018): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4388.2.1.

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Three new species of pinguipedid fishes from northern Australia are described based on specimens collected by deep water demersal trawling. Parapercis algrahami sp. nov. is recorded from off Dunk Island, Qld, south to Newcastle, NSW, in 67–333 m. It is distinct in having five narrow transverse dark bars across the upper body and a dark spot dorsally on the caudal-fin base, 6 canine teeth in outer row at front of lower jaw, palatines with 1–2 rows of teeth, and predorsal scales extending far forward on the nape to the posterior portion of the interorbital region. Parapercis imamurai sp. nov. is

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3

Cheon, Woo Geun, Chang-Bong Cho, Arnold L. Gordon, Young Ho Kim, and Young-Gyu Park. "The Role of Oscillating Southern Hemisphere Westerly Winds: Southern Ocean Coastal and Open-Ocean Polynyas." Journal of Climate 31, no. 3 (2018): 1053–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0237.1.

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Abstract An oscillation in intensity of the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds is a major characteristic of the southern annular mode. Its impact upon the sea ice–ocean interactions in the Weddell and Ross Seas is investigated by a sea ice–ocean general circulation model coupled to an energy balance model for three temporal scales and two amplitudes of intensity. It is found that the oscillating wind forcing over the Southern Ocean plays a significant role both in regulating coastal polynyas along the Antarctic margins and in triggering open-ocean polynyas. The formation of coastal polynya in

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4

Bruce, AJ. "Thaumastochelopsis wardi, gen. et. sp. nov., a new blind deep-sea lobster from the coral sea (Crustacea : Decapoda : Nephropidea)." Invertebrate Systematics 2, no. 7 (1988): 903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/it9880903.

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The nephropid lobster family Thaumastochelidae has so far only been recorded from the Northern Hemisphere in the central Atlantic Ocean and in Japanese waters, where two species of Thaumastocheles, the only genus of the family, are known. The discovery of a new genus and species in the Coral Sea is the first occurrence in the Southern Hemisphere and provides additional knowledge of this littleknown family. A modification of the diagnosis of the family is made to include the new genus, which has reduced but mobile eyes instead of obsolete fused eyestalks as in Thaumastocheles. The new lobster,

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5

Neitzel, Philipp, Aino Hosia, Uwe Piatkowski, and Henk-Jan Hoving. "Pelagic deep-sea fauna observed on video transects in the southern Norwegian Sea." Polar Biology 44, no. 5 (2021): 887–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-021-02840-5.

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AbstractObservations of the diversity, distribution and abundance of pelagic fauna are absent for many ocean regions in the Atlantic, but baseline data are required to detect changes in communities as a result of climate change. Gelatinous fauna are increasingly recognized as vital players in oceanic food webs, but sampling these delicate organisms in nets is challenging. Underwater (in situ) observations have provided unprecedented insights into mesopelagic communities in particular for abundance and distribution of gelatinous fauna. In September 2018, we performed horizontal video transects

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6

Rhein, Monika, Dagmar Kieke, and Reiner Steinfeldt. "Advection of North Atlantic Deep Water from the Labrador Sea to the southern hemisphere." Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 120, no. 4 (2015): 2471–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014jc010605.

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7

Stott, L., A. Timmermann, and R. Thunell. "Southern Hemisphere and Deep-Sea Warming Led Deglacial Atmospheric CO2 Rise and Tropical Warming." Science 318, no. 5849 (2007): 435–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1143791.

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8

Cheon, Woo Geun, and Jong-Seong Kug. "The Role of Oscillating Southern Hemisphere Westerly Winds: Global Ocean Circulation." Journal of Climate 33, no. 6 (2020): 2111–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0364.1.

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AbstractIn the framework of a sea ice–ocean general circulation model coupled to an energy balance atmospheric model, an intensity oscillation of Southern Hemisphere (SH) westerly winds affects the global ocean circulation via not only the buoyancy-driven teleconnection (BDT) mode but also the Ekman-driven teleconnection (EDT) mode. The BDT mode is activated by the SH air–sea ice–ocean interactions such as polynyas and oceanic convection. The ensuing variation in the Antarctic meridional overturning circulation (MOC) that is indicative of the Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) formation exerts a si

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9

Klinger, Barry A., and Carlos Cruz. "Decadal Response of Global Circulation to Southern Ocean Zonal Wind Stress Perturbation." Journal of Physical Oceanography 39, no. 8 (2009): 1888–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jpo4070.1.

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Abstract A substantial component of North Atlantic Deep Water formation may be driven by westerly wind stress over the Southern Ocean. Variability of this wind stress on decadal time scales may lead to circulation variability far from the forcing region. The Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM), a numerical ocean model, is used to investigate the spatial patterns and the time scales associated with such wind variability. The evolution of circulation and density anomalies is observed by comparing one 80-yr simulation, forced in part by relatively strong Southern Hemisphere westerlies, with a s

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10

Hogg, Andrew McC, Paul Spence, Oleg A. Saenko, and Stephanie M. Downes. "The Energetics of Southern Ocean Upwelling." Journal of Physical Oceanography 47, no. 1 (2017): 135–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-16-0176.1.

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AbstractThe ocean’s meridional overturning circulation is closed by the upwelling of dense, carbon-rich waters to the surface of the Southern Ocean. It has been proposed that upwelling in this region is driven by strong westerly winds, implying that the intensification of Southern Ocean winds in recent decades may have enhanced the rate of upwelling, potentially affecting the global overturning circulation. However, there is no consensus on the sensitivity of upwelling to winds or on the nature of the connection between Southern Ocean processes and the global overturning circulation. In this s

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11

Stössel, Achim. "On the impact of sea ice in a global ocean circulation model." Annals of Glaciology 25 (1997): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500013884.

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This paper investigates the long-term impact of sea ice on global climate using a global sea-ice–ocean general circulation model (OGCM). The sea-ice component involves state-of-the-art dynamics; the ocean component consists of a 3.5° × 3.5° × 11 layer primitive-equation model. Depending on the physical description of sea ice, significant changes are detected in the convective activity, in the hydrographic properties and in the thermohaline circulation of the ocean model. Most of these changes originate in the Southern Ocean, emphasizing the crucial role of sea ice in this marginally stably str

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12

Stössel, Achim. "On the impact of sea ice in a global ocean circulation model." Annals of Glaciology 25 (1997): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500013884.

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This paper investigates the long-term impact of sea ice on global climate using a global sea-ice–ocean general circulation model (OGCM). The sea-ice component involves state-of-the-art dynamics; the ocean component consists of a 3.5° × 3.5° × 11 layer primitive-equation model. Depending on the physical description of sea ice, significant changes are detected in the convective activity, in the hydrographic properties and in the thermohaline circulation of the ocean model. Most of these changes originate in the Southern Ocean, emphasizing the crucial role of sea ice in this marginally stably str

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13

Cheon, Woo Geun, Young-Gyu Park, J. R. Toggweiler, and Sang-Ki Lee. "The Relationship of Weddell Polynya and Open-Ocean Deep Convection to the Southern Hemisphere Westerlies." Journal of Physical Oceanography 44, no. 2 (2014): 694–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-13-0112.1.

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Abstract The Weddell Polynya of the mid-1970s is simulated in an energy balance model (EBM) sea ice–ocean coupled general circulation model (GCM) with an abrupt 20% increase in the intensity of Southern Hemisphere (SH) westerlies. This small upshift of applied wind stress is viewed as a stand in for the stronger zonal winds that developed in the mid-1970s following a long interval of relatively weak zonal winds between 1954 and 1972. Following the strengthening of the westerlies in this model, the cyclonic Weddell gyre intensifies, raising relatively warm Weddell Sea Deep Water to the surface.

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14

Bromwich, David H., Kirstin Werner, Barbara Casati, et al. "The Year of Polar Prediction in the Southern Hemisphere (YOPP-SH)." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 101, no. 10 (2020): E1653—E1676. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-19-0255.1.

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AbstractThe Year of Polar Prediction in the Southern Hemisphere (YOPP-SH) had a special observing period (SOP) that ran from 16 November 2018 to 15 February 2019, a period chosen to span the austral warm season months of greatest operational activity in the Antarctic. Some 2,200 additional radiosondes were launched during the 3-month SOP, roughly doubling the routine program, and the network of drifting buoys in the Southern Ocean was enhanced. An evaluation of global model forecasts during the SOP and using its data has confirmed that extratropical Southern Hemisphere forecast skill lags behi

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15

Mandal, Gagan, Shih-Yu Lee, and Jia-Yuh Yu. "The Roles of Wind and Sea Ice in Driving the Deglacial Change in the Southern Ocean Upwelling: A Modeling Study." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (2021): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010353.

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The Southern Ocean (SO) played a fundamental role in the deglacial climate system by exchanging carbon-rich deep ocean water with the surface. The contribution of the SO’s physical mechanisms toward improving our understanding of SO upwelling’s dynamical changes is developing. Here, we investigated the simulated transient SO atmosphere, ocean, and sea ice evolution during the last deglaciation in a fully coupled Earth system model. Our results showed that decreases in SO upwelling followed the weakening of the Southern Hemisphere surface westerlies, wind stress forcing, and Antarctic sea ice c

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16

Fučkar, Neven S., Shang-Ping Xie, Riccardo Farneti, Elizabeth A. Maroon, and Dargan M. W. Frierson. "Influence of the Extratropical Ocean Circulation on the Intertropical Convergence Zone in an Idealized Coupled General Circulation Model." Journal of Climate 26, no. 13 (2013): 4612–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00294.1.

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Abstract The authors present coupled model simulations in which the ocean's meridional overturning circulation (MOC) sets the zonal mean location of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) in the hemisphere with deep-water production. They use a coarse-resolution single-basin sector coupled general circulation model (CGCM) with simplified atmospheric physics and two idealized land–sea distributions. In an equatorially symmetric closed-basin setting, unforced climate asymmetry develops because of the advective circulation–salinity feedback that amplifies the asymmetry of the deep-MOC cell and

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17

Latif, Mojib, Torge Martin, and Wonsun Park. "Southern Ocean Sector Centennial Climate Variability and Recent Decadal Trends." Journal of Climate 26, no. 19 (2013): 7767–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00281.1.

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Abstract Evidence is presented for the notion that some contribution to the recent decadal trends observed in the Southern Hemisphere, including the lack of a strong Southern Ocean surface warming, may have originated from longer-term internal centennial variability originating in the Southern Ocean. The existence of such centennial variability is supported by the instrumental sea surface temperatures (SSTs), a multimillennial reconstruction of Tasmanian summer temperatures from tree rings, and a millennial control integration of the Kiel Climate Model (KCM). The model variability was previous

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Tsang, L. M., T. Y. Chan, M. K. Cheung, and K. H. Chu. "Molecular evidence for the Southern Hemisphere origin and deep-sea diversification of spiny lobsters (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palinuridae)." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 51, no. 2 (2009): 304–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2009.01.015.

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19

Wudianto, Wudianto, and Fayakun Satria. "IDENTIFICATION OF FISHING GROUND FOR DEEP SEA DEMERSAL FISHES AND IT'S POSSIBILITY FOR FISHING DEVELOPMENT IN THE INDIAN OCEAN." Indonesian Fisheries Research Journal 13, no. 1 (2017): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/ifrj.13.1.2007.39-48.

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The topographical surveys were conducted from September 1st to 20th 2004 at southern part of Java and from September 20th to October 30th 2004 at the western part of Sumatera. Exact isobaths were necessary to determine the size of the area in order to identify the possible fishing ground for deep sea demersal fishes.

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20

Thompson, Andrew F., Sophia K. Hines, and Jess F. Adkins. "A Southern Ocean Mechanism for the Interhemispheric Coupling and Phasing of the Bipolar Seesaw." Journal of Climate 32, no. 14 (2019): 4347–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-18-0621.1.

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Abstract The last glacial period is punctuated by abrupt changes in Northern Hemisphere temperatures that are known as Dansgaard–Oeschger (DO) events. A striking and largely unexplained feature of DO events is an interhemispheric asymmetry characterized by cooling in Antarctica during periods of warming in Greenland and vice versa—the bipolar seesaw. Methane-synchronized ice core records indicate that the Southern Hemisphere lags the Northern Hemisphere by approximately 200 years. Here, we propose a mechanism that produces observed features of both the bipolar seesaw and the phasing of DO even

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21

Hoskins, B. J., and K. I. Hodges. "A New Perspective on Southern Hemisphere Storm Tracks." Journal of Climate 18, no. 20 (2005): 4108–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3570.1.

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Abstract A detailed view of Southern Hemisphere storm tracks is obtained based on the application of filtered variance and modern feature-tracking techniques to a wide range of 45-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-40) data. It has been checked that the conclusions drawn in this study are valid even if data from only the satellite era are used. The emphasis of the paper is on the winter season, but results for the four seasons are also discussed. Both upper- and lower-tropospheric fields are used. The tracking analysis focuses on systems that last lo

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Sen Gupta, Alexander, Agus Santoso, Andréa S. Taschetto, Caroline C. Ummenhofer, Jessica Trevena, and Matthew H. England. "Projected Changes to the Southern Hemisphere Ocean and Sea Ice in the IPCC AR4 Climate Models." Journal of Climate 22, no. 11 (2009): 3047–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli2827.1.

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Abstract Fidelity and projected changes in the climate models, used for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4), are assessed with regard to the Southern Hemisphere extratropical ocean and sea ice systems. While individual models span different physical parameterizations and resolutions, a major component of intermodel variability results from surface wind differences. Projected changes to the surface wind field are also central in modifying future extratropical circulation and internal properties. A robust southward shift of the circumpolar current

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Tachikawa, K., A. Timmermann, L. Vidal, C. Sonzogni, and O. E. Timm. "Southern Hemisphere orbital forcing and its effects on CO<sub>2</sub> and tropical Pacific climate." Climate of the Past Discussions 9, no. 2 (2013): 1869–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-9-1869-2013.

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Abstract. The western Pacific warm pool (WPWP) is an important heat source for the atmospheric circulation and influences climate conditions worldwide. Understanding its sensitivity to past radiative perturbations may help better contextualize the magnitudes and patterns of current and projected tropical climate change. Here we present a new Mg/Ca-based sea surface temperature (SST) reconstruction over the past 400 kyr from the Bismarck Sea, off Papua New Guinea, along with results from a transient earth system model simulation. Our results document the primary influence of CO2 forcing on glac

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Denton, George H., Terence J. Hughes, and Wibjörn Karlén. "Global Ice-Sheet System Interlocked by Sea Level." Quaternary Research 26, no. 1 (1986): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(86)90081-5.

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Denton and Hughes (1983, Quaternary Research 20, 125–144) postulated that sea level linked a global ice-sheet system with both terrestrial and grounded marine components during late Quaternary ice ages. Summer temperature changes near Northern Hemisphere melting margins initiated sea-level fluctuations that controlled marine components in both polar hemispheres. It was further proposed that variations of this ice-sheet system amplified and transmitted Milankovitch summer half-year insolation changes between 45 and 75°N into global climatic changes. New tests of this hypothesis implicate sea le

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Mikolajewicz, Uwf. "Effect of meltwater input from the Antarctic ice sheet on the thermohaline circulation." Annals of Glaciology 27 (1998): 311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/1998aog27-1-311-315.

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The potential effect of meltwater input from the Antarctic ice sheet is studied in sensitivity experiments with an ocean general circulation model coupled to an energy-balance model of the atmosphere. The effect is generally a reduction of surface salinity and deep convection in The Southern Ocean, associated with surface cooling. There is an accompanying, delayed intensification of the overturning in the Northern Hemisphere, leading to warmer conditions over both the North Atlantic and North Pacific With a sufficiently large meltwater pulse it is possible to trigger switches between different

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Schmittner, A., and D. C. Lund. "Carbon isotopes support Atlantic meridional overturning circulation decline as a trigger for early deglacial CO<sub>2</sub> rise." Climate of the Past Discussions 10, no. 4 (2014): 2857–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-10-2857-2014.

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Abstract. The mechanism for the observed initial rise of atmospheric CO2 during the last deglaciation remains unknown. Most recent hypotheses invoke Southern Hemisphere processes such as shifts in mid-latitude westerly winds. Here we compare simulations from a global, coupled climate-biogeochemistry model including carbon isotopes (δ13C) with a synthesis of high-resolution deep sea δ13C reconstructions as well as ice core data. The reconstructions from Heinrich Stadial Event 1 (HS1, ~ 19–15 ka BP) are constistent with model simulations of a large multi-millennial reduction of the Atlantic Meri

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Carluccio, Angela, Francesca Capezzuto, Porzia Maiorano, Letizia Sion, and Gianfranco D’Onghia. "Deep-Water Cartilaginous Fishes in the Central Mediterranean Sea: Comparison between Geographic Areas with Two Low Impact Tools for Sampling." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 7 (2021): 686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9070686.

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Baited lander represents a low impact technique, an alternative to the traditional trawl sampling for collecting data on fish diversity and abundance, especially for threatened species such as Chondrichthyes living in sensitive habitats. In this study, distribution and abundance of cartilaginous fish were compared between two geographic areas, the southern Adriatic Sea and the north-western Ionian Sea, with two low impact sampling gears, an experimental bottom longline and a baited lander. Species diversity was evaluated by applying ecological indices and difference in mean abundances were tes

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Aiken, Christopher M., and Matthew H. England. "Sensitivity of the Present-Day Climate to Freshwater Forcing Associated with Antarctic Sea Ice Loss." Journal of Climate 21, no. 15 (2008): 3936–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jcli1901.1.

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Abstract The role played by Southern Hemisphere sea ice in the global climate system is explored using an earth system climate model of intermediate complexity. An ensemble of experiments is analyzed in which freshwater forcing equivalent to a complete 100-yr meltback of Southern Hemisphere sea ice is applied to a model run that simulates the present climate. This freshwater forcing acts to mildy subdue Southern Ocean deep overturning, reducing mean Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) export by 0.5 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) in the ensemble average. The decreased convective overturning cools the surface

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Miyasaka, Takafumi, and Hisashi Nakamura. "Structure and Mechanisms of the Southern Hemisphere Summertime Subtropical Anticyclones." Journal of Climate 23, no. 8 (2010): 2115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jcli3008.1.

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Abstract The three-dimensional structure and dynamics of the climatological-mean summertime subtropical anticyclones in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) are investigated. As in the Northern Hemisphere (NH), each of the surface subtropical anticyclones over the South Pacific, South Atlantic, and South Indian Oceans is accompanied by a meridional vorticity dipole aloft, exhibiting barotropic and baroclinic structures in its poleward and equatorward portions, respectively, in a manner that is dynamically consistent with the observed midtropospheric subsidence. Their dynamics are also similar to their

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Han, MyeongHee, Igor Kamenkovich, Timour Radko, and William E. Johns. "Relationship between Air–Sea Density Flux and Isopycnal Meridional Overturning Circulation in a Warming Climate." Journal of Climate 26, no. 8 (2013): 2683–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00682.1.

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Abstract This study aims to explore the relationship between air–sea density flux and isopycnal meridional overturning circulation (MOC), using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) model projections of the twenty-first-century climate. The focus is on the semiadiabatic component of MOC beneath the mixed layer; this component is described using the concept of the push–pull mode, which represents the combined effects of the adiabatic push into the deep ocean in the Northern Hemisphere and the pull out of the deep ocean in the Southern Hemisphere. Th

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England, Matthew H., David K. Hutchinson, Agus Santoso, and Willem P. Sijp. "Ice–Atmosphere Feedbacks Dominate the Response of the Climate System to Drake Passage Closure." Journal of Climate 30, no. 15 (2017): 5775–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0554.1.

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The response of the global climate system to Drake Passage (DP) closure is examined using a fully coupled ocean–atmosphere–ice model. Unlike most previous studies, a full three-dimensional atmospheric general circulation model is included with a complete hydrological cycle and a freely evolving wind field, as well as a coupled dynamic–thermodynamic sea ice module. Upon DP closure the initial response is found to be consistent with previous ocean-only and intermediate-complexity climate model studies, with an expansion and invigoration of the Antarctic meridional overturning, along with a slowd

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Chikamoto, M. O., A. Abe-Ouchi, A. Oka, R. Ohgaito, and A. Timmermann. "Quantifying the ocean's role in glacial CO<sub>2</sub> reductions." Climate of the Past 8, no. 2 (2012): 545–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-545-2012.

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Abstract. A series of Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) marine carbon cycle sensitivity experiments is conducted to test the effect of different physical processes, as simulated by two atmosphere-ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) experiments, on atmospheric pCO2. One AOGCM solution exhibits an increase in North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) formation under glacial conditions, whereas the other mimics an increase in Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) associated with a weaker NADW. None of these sensitivity experiments reproduces the observed magnitude of glacial/interglacial pCO2 changes. However, to ex

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Holland, Marika M., Cecilia M. Bitz, Elizabeth C. Hunke, William H. Lipscomb, and Julie L. Schramm. "Influence of the Sea Ice Thickness Distribution on Polar Climate in CCSM3." Journal of Climate 19, no. 11 (2006): 2398–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3751.1.

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Abstract The sea ice simulation of the Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3) T42-gx1 and T85-gx1 control simulations is presented and the influence of the parameterized sea ice thickness distribution (ITD) on polar climate conditions is examined. This includes an analysis of the change in mean climate conditions and simulated sea ice feedbacks when an ITD is included. It is found that including a representation of the subgrid-scale ITD results in larger ice growth rates and thicker sea ice. These larger growth rates represent a higher heat loss from the ocean ice column to the atmos

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Machado, Jeferson Prietsch, Flavio Justino, and Luciano Ponzi Pezzi. "Impacts of Wind Stress Changes on the Global Heat Transport, Baroclinic Instability, and the Thermohaline Circulation." Advances in Meteorology 2016 (2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2089418.

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The wind stress is a measure of momentum transfer due to the relative motion between the atmosphere and the ocean. This study aims to investigate the anomalous pattern of atmospheric and oceanic circulations due to 50% increase in the wind stress over the equatorial region and the Southern Ocean. In this paper we use a coupled climate model of intermediate complexity (SPEEDO). The results show that the intensification of equatorial wind stress causes a decrease in sea surface temperature in the tropical region due to increased upwelling and evaporative cooling. On the other hand, the intensifi

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Xie, Shang-Ping, Qihua Peng, Youichi Kamae, Xiao-Tong Zheng, Hiroki Tokinaga, and Dongxiao Wang. "Eastern Pacific ITCZ Dipole and ENSO Diversity." Journal of Climate 31, no. 11 (2018): 4449–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0905.1.

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Abstract The eastern tropical Pacific features strong climatic asymmetry across the equator, with the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) displaced north of the equator most of time. In February–April (FMA), the seasonal warming in the Southern Hemisphere and cooling in the Northern Hemisphere weaken the climatic asymmetry, and a double ITCZ appears with a zonal rainband on either side of the equator. Results from an analysis of precipitation variability reveal that the relative strength between the northern and southern ITCZ varies from one year to another and this meridional seesaw results

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Van Vliet-Lanoë, Brigitte, Jean-Luc Schneider, Águst Guðmundsson, et al. "Eemian estuarine record forced by glacio-isostasy (southern Iceland)—link with Greenland and deep sea records." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 55, no. 2 (2018): 154–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2017-0126.

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Central southern Iceland is one of the main outlets of the Icelandic Ice Sheet where a MIS 5e sedimentary complex, the Rangá Formation, is extensively observed below the last deglaciation terminal moraines. Sedimentary facies demonstrate that the Rangá Formation is mostly tidal, up to 215 m (transgression I) and 168 m (transgression II) in altitude. The first highstand reworks a thick tephra from the Grimsvötn volcano, known in marine cores as 5e low/Bas-IV and positioned at ca. 127 Ka BP, the Eemian thermal optimum. This formation is related to a rapid deglaciation followed by two marine tran

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Pratt, Abigail, Carole Baldwin, and Michael Vecchione. "Octopods of deep reefs off Curaçao, southern Caribbean including description of one newly discovered species." Bulletin of Marine Science 96, no. 2 (2020): 297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.5343/bms.2019.0040.

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Recent exploratory research on poorly studied deep reefs in the Caribbean Sea has yielded substantial new information about the diversity of deep-reef fishes and some invertebrates, but the diversity of deep-reef cephalopods has not been assessed. Using images, videos, and specimens collected with the aid of a manned submersible, as well as DNA sequences derived from the specimens, we surveyed the cephalopod diversity of the mesophotic and rariphotic reef communities in Curaçao, southern Caribbean. Among the 50 records comprising 15 specimens, 39 photos, and 15 videos (of which six specimens m

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Jullion, Loïc, Alberto C. Naveira Garabato, Michael P. Meredith, Paul R. Holland, Peggy Courtois, and Brian A. King. "Decadal Freshening of the Antarctic Bottom Water Exported from the Weddell Sea." Journal of Climate 26, no. 20 (2013): 8111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00765.1.

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Abstract Recent decadal changes in Southern Hemisphere climate have driven strong responses from the cryosphere. Concurrently, there has been a marked freshening of the shelf and bottom waters across a wide sector of the Southern Ocean, hypothesized to be caused by accelerated glacial melt in response to a greater flux of warm waters from the Antarctic Circumpolar Current onto the shelves of West Antarctica. However, the circumpolar pattern of changes has been incomplete: no decadal freshening in the deep layers of the Atlantic sector has been observed. In this study, the authors document a si

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Suman, Ali, Budi Iskandar Prisantoso, Fayakun Satria, and Enjah Rahmat. "KOMPOSISI JENIS, PENYEBARAN, DAN KEPADATAN STOK IKAN DEMERSAL LAUT DALAM DI PERAIRAN SAMUDERA HINDIA SELATAN JAWA DAN BARAT SUMATERA." Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia 13, no. 1 (2017): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.13.1.2007.43-52.

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Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji komposisi jenis, penyebaran, dan kepadatan stok ikan demersal laut di perairan ZEEI selatan Jawa dan barat Sumatera. Data yang dianalisis merupakan hasil survei yang dilakukan bulan September sampai dengan Oktober 2004 dengan menggunakan K.M. Baruna Jaya IV. Estimasi kepadatan stok dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode sapuan dengan pengambilan contoh acak bertingkat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komposisi jenis ikan demersal laut dalam di perairan selatan Jawa terdiri atas 169 spesies ikan, 31 spesies krustasea, dan 20 spesies Chepalopoda. Komposisi has

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Otterå, O. H., M. Bentsen, I. Bethke, and N. G. Kvamstø. "Simulated pre-industrial climate in Bergen Climate Model (version 2): model description and large-scale circulation features." Geoscientific Model Development 2, no. 2 (2009): 197–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2-197-2009.

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Abstract. The Bergen Climate Model (BCM) is a fully-coupled atmosphere-ocean-sea-ice model that provides state-of-the-art computer simulations of the Earth's past, present, and future climate. Here, a pre-industrial multi-century simulation with an updated version of BCM is described and compared to observational data. The model is run without any form of flux adjustments and is stable for several centuries. The simulated climate reproduces the general large-scale circulation in the atmosphere reasonably well, except for a positive bias in the high latitude sea level pressure distribution. Als

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Otterå, O. H., M. Bentsen, I. Bethke, and N. G. Kvamstø. "Simulated pre-industrial climate in Bergen Climate Model (version 2): model description and large-scale circulation features." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 2, no. 1 (2009): 507–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-2-507-2009.

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Abstract. The Bergen Climate Model (BCM) is a fully-coupled atmosphere-ocean-sea-ice model that provides state-of-the-art computer simulations of the Earth's past, present, and future climate. Here, a pre-industrial multi-century simulation with an updated version of BCM is described and compared to observational data. The model is run without any form of flux adjustments and is stable for several centuries. The simulated climate reproduces the general large scale circulation in the atmosphere reasonably well, except for a positive bias in the high latitude sea level pressures distribution. Al

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ANDERSON, M. E., and MICHAEL M. MINCARONE. "Studies on the Zoarcidae (Teleostei: Perciformes) of the southern hemisphere. IX. A new species of Pachycara from the southwestern Atlantic." Zootaxa 1177, no. 1 (2006): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1177.1.2.

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A new species of deep-sea eelpout, Pachycara alepidotum, is described from four specimens, 199– 282 mm SL, collected in the upper bathyal zone off Rio Grande do Sul state, southern Brazil, and is the first record of the genus in the southwestern Atlantic. It is characterized by its lack of scales and ventral lateral line, few caudal vertebrae and only 1–2 rakers on the upper limb of the first gill arch. The largest specimen is an adult female.

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Campana, Steven E., Warren Joyce, and Mark Fowler. "Subtropical pupping ground for a cold-water shark." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 67, no. 5 (2010): 769–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f10-020.

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Porbeagle sharks ( Lamna nasus ) are large pelagic sharks apparently restricted to the cold temperate waters of the northern and southern hemispheres. Despite considerable knowledge of their biology, their pupping (birthing) grounds have never been identified. Pop-up archival transmission tags applied to 21 sharks off eastern Canada indicated that males and immature sharks of both sexes remained primarily on the continental shelf for periods of up to 348 days after tagging. However, mature female porbeagles migrated up to 2356 km through the winter, at depths down to 1360 m beneath the Gulf St

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Wang, Xiaoli, Peter H. Stone, and Jochem Marotzke. "Global Thermohaline Circulation. Part II: Sensitivity with Interactive Atmospheric Transports." Journal of Climate 12, no. 1 (1999): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442-12.1.83.

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Abstract A hybrid coupled ocean–atmosphere model is used to investigate the stability of the thermohaline circulation (THC) to an increase in the surface freshwater forcing in the presence of interactive meridional transports in the atmosphere. The ocean component is the idealized global general circulation model used in Part I. The atmospheric model assumes fixed latitudinal structure of the heat and moisture transports, and the amplitudes are calculated separately for each hemisphere from the large-scale sea surface temperature (SST) and SST gradient, using parameterizations based on barocli

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Collareta, Alberto, Marco Merella, Frederik H. Mollen, Simone Casati, and Andrea Di Cencio. "The extinct catshark Pachyscyllium distans (PROBST, 1879) (Elasmobranchii: Carcharhiniformes) in the Pliocene of the Mediterranean Sea." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 295, no. 2 (2020): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/2020/0877.

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Sharks assigned to the carcharhiniform family Scyliorhinidae account for about 160 extant species placed in 18 genera. Most living scyliorhinids are small- to medium- sized ground sharks provided with cat- like eyes and nasal barbels similar to whiskers; hence their vernacular name, "cat- sharks". Living catsharks mostly inhabit deep or rather deep waters of the warm and temperate seas worldwide, foraging on small fishes and inverterbates. In the present paper, we report on a lateral tooth of Scyliorhinidae collected from a clay pit at Certaldo (central Italy), where marine mudstones belonging

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Malyutina, M. V. "Storthyngurella, new genus of Munnopsidae (Crustacea: Isopoda), with descriptions of three new species from deep–sea basins of the Southern Hemisphere." Memoirs of Museum Victoria 57, no. 2 (1999): 267–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.1999.57.16.

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van de Wal, R. S. W., B. de Boer, L. Lourens, P. Köhler, and R. Bintanja. "Continuous and self-consistent CO<sub>2</sub> and climate records over the past 20 Myrs." Climate of the Past Discussions 7, no. 1 (2011): 437–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-7-437-2011.

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Abstract. The gradual cooling of the climate during the Cenozoic has generally been attributed to a decrease in CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. The lack of transient climate models and in particular the lack of high-resolution proxy records of CO2, beyond the ice-core record prohibit however a full understanding of the inception of the Northern Hemisphere glaciation, as well as the mid-Pleistocene transition. Here we elaborate on an inverse modeling technique to reconstruct a continuous high-resolution CO2 record over the past 20 Ma, by decomposing the global deep-sea benthic δ18O record

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Brandt, Angelika, Magdalena Błażewicz-Paszkowycz, Roger Bamber, et al. "Are there widespread peracarid species in the deep sea (Crustacea: Malacostraca)?" Polish Polar Research 33, no. 2 (2012): 139–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10183-012-0012-5.

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Are there widespread peracarid species in the deep sea (Crustacea: Malacostraca)?The global zoogeographic distribution of the most widespread peracarid species occurring in three or more ocean basins below 2000 m is analysed. Basing on the published data we investigated 45 peracarid species, which have a most widespread distribution and most likely are cosmopolitan. Thirty-three species have a wide distribution in the Northern Hemisphere. Most species occur in the North Atlantic, however, 16 of these species occur also in the North Pacific, a more limited number of species occurs in the South

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Wang, Caixin, and Keguang Wang. "Impact of increasing Antarctic ice-shelf melting on Southern Ocean hydrography." Journal of Glaciology 58, no. 212 (2012): 1191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2012jog12j009.

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AbstractSouthern Ocean hydrography has undergone substantial changes in recent decades, concurrent with an increase in the rate of Antarctic ice-shelf melting (AISM). We investigate the impact of increasing AISM on hydrography through a twin numerical experiment, with and without AISM, using a global coupled sea-ice/ocean climate model. The difference between these simulations gives a qualitative understanding of the impact of increasing AISM on hydrography. It is found that increasing AISM tends to freshen the surface water, warm the intermediate and deep waters, and freshen and warm the bott

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Djurhuus, Anni, Svein-Ole Mikalsen, Helge-Ansgar Giebel, and Alex D. Rogers. "Cutting through the smoke: the diversity of microorganisms in deep-sea hydrothermal plumes." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 4 (2017): 160829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160829.

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There are still notable gaps regarding the detailed distribution of microorganisms between and within insular habitats such as deep-sea hydrothermal vents. This study investigates the community composition of black smoker vent microorganisms in the Southern Hemisphere, and changes thereof along a spatial and chemical gradient ranging from the vent plume to surrounding waters. We sampled two hydrothermal vent fields, one at the South West Indian Ridge (SWIR), the other at the East Scotia Ridge (ESR). Samples were collected across vent fields at varying vertical distances from the origin of the

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