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Morse, Keir A. "Vascular plant inventory of Deer Creek Center property in Selma, Oregon /." View full-text version online through Southern Oregon Digital Archives, 2008. http://soda.sou.edu/awdata/080321z1.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Southern Oregon University, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 36-38). Also available via Internet as PDF file through Southern Oregon Digital Archives: http://soda.sou.edu. Search Bioregion Collection.
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Stephens, Ryan A. "Field Algae Measurements Using Empirical Correlations at Deer Creek Reservoir." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2722.
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Deer Creek Reservoir in Utah has a history of high algae concentrations. Despite recent nutrient reduction efforts, seasonal algae continue to present problems. Cost effective, accurate, and comprehensive monitoring is important to understand the reservoir processes driving this problem and characterizing the algae spatial and temporal distributions are an important part of this effort. Current laboratory methods for accurately measuring algae are expensive and time consuming and are based on water samples taken in the field and transported to the laboratory. This approach only provides data for relatively few point samples because of the time and expense of sample collection and analysis. These relatively few samples do not describe the complex spatial and temporal trends in the algal data. Algae exhibit non-uniform distributions, especially in the vertical direction. In situ probes are able to measure chlorophyll-a and provide a less expensive measuring alternative than laboratory methods. These probes provide relatively quick, high resolution vertical profile measurements, which allows for more comprehensive horizontal and temporal sampling. To have confidence in the probe data, good correlations between in situ chlorophyll-a measurements and laboratory algae or chlorophyll measurements are important, but these correlations can be reservoir and time dependant as reservoir conditions change. Therefore, they must be developed for each study site. This study reports on efforts at Deer Creek Reservoir to develop these correlations and provide a general description of the dynamic reservoir algal processes. I found that chlorophyll-a is weakly correlated to most algae species in the reservoir. However, it correlated well with total phytoplankton biovolume and the dominant algal species, which for this study was the diatom. Variations in correlation strength among the several algae species was assumed to most likely be affected by environmental factors, sample methods, algae species diversity, and the accuracy of the optical chlorophyll-a sensor. The data analysis indicate that the field methods used to obtain laboratory samples may have been a significant source of error because of the difficulty of matching the location of a probe measurement to the location of a sample. Field samples were not taken at the same depths as probe measurements and field samples from two locations were either mixed before laboratory analysis or the sample was a composite over a 2-meter range. Based on my observations, I have made several recommendations to improve the accuracy of the correlation between algae and chlorophyll-a.
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Casbeer, Warren C. "Phosphorus Fractionation and Distribution across Delta of Deer Creek Reservoir." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2009. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2004.
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Eutrophication of reservoir systems, which causes deterioration of water quality through increased algal growth, is detrimental to our sustainable water supply and additionally impairs other beneficial reservoir uses. Limiting the amount of phosphorus (P) entering the system has been the key management tool for this problem, as P is the main limiting nutrient for plant and algal growth. These efforts have focused on controlling input of P from point sources, such as effluents from wastewater treatment plants, dairies, and industrial factories. Even in systems (such as reservoirs) with significantly reduced external P loading, however, there has been continued eutrophication and slower than expected recovery of reservoirs in water quality restoration projects. Other nutrient sources have been studied to explain this phenomenon. The continual eutrophication has been potentially attributed to availability of nutrients from deposited sediments. This is referred to as nutrient recycling, as nutrients previously trapped within sediments may become available within the water column. Deer Creek Reservoir (DCR), a significant water supply in Utah, has had greatly improved water quality after reduction of external P loading. However, there are still large algal blooms at times as well as other water quality issues without clearly attributable causes. Part of the explanation might lie within the deposited sediments, which are present both on the sediment delta and within the reservoir. This thesis provides data that can help researchers understand what role sediment has in the continuation of water quality problems at DCR. Sediment samples were taken across the delta to define both the spatial extent and distribution of P and chemical form, or ‘pool’, of the P. The pools can be used to estimate the ability of the sediment-bound P to move into the water column under various conditions. Results reported here indicate that significant amounts of P are found within these sediments, though not all of it can easily become available for algal growth. We characterized P distribution by taking 91 samples on 6 transects across the exposed delta. Transects were separated by 200 m and samples were taken eery 100 m along the transects. The samples were all analyzed for water soluble P content, and 19 samples were additionally characterized for KCl-, NaOH-, HCl-, and organic (by digestion) P fractions. Total P was determined for these as well by summation. The data showed that water soluble P ranged from 2.28E-03 and 9.81E-03 mg P g−1 dry sediment and showed a decreasing trend along the reservoir. KCl-P ranged from 2.53E-03 and 1.10E-02, NaOH-P from 5.30E-02 to 4.60E-01, HCl-P from 1.28E-01 and 1.34E+00, and organic (residual) P from 8.23E-01 to 3.23E+00 mg·g−1.
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Dameron-Hager, Irene Frances. "The contribution of environmental history to the development of a model to aid watershed management: a comparative study of the Big Darby Creek and Deer Creek Watersheds in Ohio." The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1078778562.
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Dameron-Hager, Irene F. "The contribution of environmental history to the development of a model to aid watershed management a comparative study of the Big Darby Creek and Deer Creek Watersheds in Ohio /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1078778562.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 253 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Earl F. Epstein, Dept. of Natural Resources. Includes bibliographical references (p. 228-238).
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Ferguson, Earl W. "The multi-site church and disciplemaking." Chicago, Ill : McCormick Theological Seminary, 1997. http://www.tren.com.
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Ricks, Colin Rodger. "Quantifying Mass Sediment Movement in Deer Creek Reservoir During Spring Runoff and Potential Water Quality Impacts." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2880.
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The accurate prediction of water quality is essential for management of reservoirs used for drinking water supply. Since algae are a major source of taste and odor problems in drinking water, understanding and controlling algal growth and production is an important task. Deer Creek Reservoir supplies drinking water for over one million people in northern Utah and has been highly eutrophic in the past. Despite major reductions in external nutrient loading, including phosphorus, seasonal algal blooms in Deer Creek have not decreased to desired levels. Resuspension of sediment has been suggested as a potential source of internal nutrient loading for water bodies (including reservoirs in the Utah/Wyoming area) and may be responsible for delays in water quality improvement. I investigated sediment deposition and resuspension rates at the upper end of the reservoir and evaluated these sediments as a possible internal source of phosphorus. Sonar and GPS systems were used to make measurements of recently deposited sediment in the submerged Provo River delta of Deer Creek Reservoir during the period of May, June, July, and August 2011. ArcGIS 10 was used to interpolate survey points and calculate sediment volume changes, including areas of deposition and erosion. These data were used to develop approximate sedimentation rates for the soft sediment – which is most susceptible to resuspension during reservoir drawdown. I used previously measured field phosphorous concentrations in the sediment to estimate if these processes could affect reservoir phosphorous concentrations. The study used two survey areas, a small area near the Provo River inlet early in the year, and an extended larger area starting on June 23rd. I found that sediment volume in the smaller study area was increasing at a rate of 27-109 m3/day during the spring season. Data show that rates are slightly correlated with flow and reservoir elevation. Typically by August, Deer Creek reservoir would have been drawn down 2 to 4 m. However, due to a heavy snow pack in 2011, Deer Creek reservoir was not drawn down. When the reservoir is drawn down, the sediments in the upper region of the delta, where the survey was conducted, will be resuspended and deposited lower in the reservoir. These processes will likely result in releasing the phosphates currently bound to the sediment into the water column. Based on previous measurements of readily soluble phosphates bound to the sediment, this resuspension could release between 80 and 230 kg of phosphorus from the study area into the water column during critical times during the warm months–conditions well suited for algal growth. This amount of phosphorus, while an upper bound of what could be expected under actual field conditions, could raise phosphorus concentrations in the survey area by as much as 0.38 mg/L. The potential P (80-230 kg) release could account for 14%-42% of the TMDL. This is a potentially significant amount, especially if released during the critical late-summer period, and warrants more detailed study.
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Di, Vittorio Damien. "Spatial Translation and Scaling Up of LID Practices in Deer Creek Watershed in East Missouri." Thesis, Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1566440.
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This study investigated two important aspects of hydrologic effects of low impact development (LID) practices at the watershed scale by (1) examining the potential benefits of scaling up of LID design, and (2) evaluating downstream effects of LID design and its spatial translation within a watershed. The Personal Computer Storm Water Management Model (PCSWMM) was used to model runoff reduction with the implementation of LID practices in Deer Creek watershed (DCW), Missouri. The model was calibrated from 2003 to 2007 (R2 = 0.58 and NSE = 0.57), and validated from 2008 to 2012 (R2 = 0.64 and NSE = 0.65) for daily direct runoff. Runoff simulated for the study period, 2003 to 2012 (NSE = 0.61; R2 = 0.63), was used as the baseline for comparison to LID scenarios. Using 1958 areal imagery to assign land cover, a predevelopment scenario was constructed and simulated to assess LID scenarios' ability to restore predevelopment hydrologic conditions. The baseline and all LID scenarios were simulated using 2006 National Land Cover Dataset.
The watershed was divided in 117 subcatchments, which were clustered in six groups of approximately equal areas and two scaling concepts consisting of incremental scaling and spatial scaling were modelled. Incremental scaling was investigated using three LID practices (rain barrel, porous pavement, and rain garden). Each LID practice was simulated at four implementation levels (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) in all subcatchments for the study period (2003 to 2012). Results showed an increased runoff reduction, ranging from 3% to 31%, with increased implementation level. Spatial scaling was investigated by increasing the spatial extent of LID practices using the subcatchment groups and all three LID practices (combined) implemented at 50% level. Results indicated that as the spatial extent of LID practices increased the runoff reduction at the outlet also increased, ranging from 3% to 19%. Spatial variability of LID implementation was examined by normalizing LID treated area to impervious area for each subcatchment group. The normalized LID implementation levels for each group revealed a reduction in runoff at the outlet of the watershed, ranging from 0.6% to 3.7%. This study showed that over a long-term period LID practices could restore pre-development hydrologic conditions. The optimal location for LID practice implementation within the study area was found to be near the outlet; however, these results cannot be generalized for all watersheds.
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Gonzalez, Nicolas Alejandro. "Principal Components Analysis, Factor Analysis and Trend Correlations of Twenty-Eight Years of Water Quality Data of Deer Creek Reservoir, Utah." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3309.
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I evaluated twenty-eight years (1980-2007) of spatial-temporal water quality data from Deer Creek Reservoir in Utah. The data came from three sampling points representing the lotic, transitional and lentic zones. The data included measurements of climatological, hydrological and water quality conditions at four depths; Surface, Above Thermocline, Below Thermocline and Bottom. The time frame spanned dates before and after the completion of the Jordanelle Reservoir (1987-1992), approximately fourteen miles upstream of Deer Creek. I compared temporal groupings and found that a traditional month distribution following standard seasons was not effective in characterizing the measured conditions; I developed a more representative seasonal grouping by performing a Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons adjustment and a Bonferronian correction of the Student's t comparison. Based on these analyses, I determined the best groupings were Cold (December - April), Semi-Cold (May and November), Semi-Warm (June and October), Warm (July and September) and Transition (August). I performed principal component analysis (PCA) and factor analysis (FA) to determine principal parameters associated with the variability of the water quality of the reservoir. These parameters confirmed our seasonal groups showing the Cold, Transition and Warm seasons as distinct groups. The PCA and FA showed that the variables that drive most of the variability in the reservoir are specific conductivity and variables related with temperature. The PCA and FA showed that the reservoir is highly variable. The first 3 principal components and rotated factors explained a cumulative 59% and 47%, respectively of the variability in Deer Creek. Both parametric and nonparametric approaches provided similar correlations but the evaluations that included censored data (nutrients) were considerably different with the nonparametric approach being preferred.
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Chilton, Reed Earl. "Developing Methods to Assess the Potential Effects of Global Climate Change on Deer Creek Reservoir Using Water Quality Modeling." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2468.
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To evaluate the potential impacts of future climate change on a temperate reservoir, I used a calibrated water quality and hydrodynamic model validated using three years of data (2007-2009) from Deer Creek Reservoir (Utah). I evaluated the changes due to altered air temperatures, inflow rates, and nutrient loads that might occur under Global Climate Change (GCC). I developed methods to study GCC on reservoirs. I produced Average Water Temperature Plots, Stratification Plots, and Total Concentration Plots. Average Water Temperature Plots show the sensitivity of the water temperature to various parameters. Stratification Plots quantify stratification length and strength as well as ice-cover periods. Total Concentration Plots analyze the reservoir as a whole concerning water quality parameters. Increasing air temperature increased the water temperature, lengthened stratification time, increased stratification strength, decreased the ice-cover period, decreased the total algae concentration, decreased the flows, and caused peak nutrient concentrations to occur earlier. Decreasing flows caused increased water temperature, shorter stratification periods, weaker stratification, and increased nutrient concentrations. Increasing phosphate concentrations caused increases in total algae, dissolved oxygen, and phosphate concentrations. Variations in Nitrate-Nitrite concentrations did not influence the tested parameters. I found that the reservoir is only sensitive to these changes during the spring and summer. The tools which I developed were used to run the model scenarios, organize the data, and plot the results. They can be used on other reservoirs and for other water quality parameters.
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Field, Luke V. "The Temporal Dimension of Architecture." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1236114237.
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Platt, Marcor Gibbons. "Visualizing and Modeling Mining-Induced Surface Subsidence." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2009. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2223.
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Ground subsidence due to underground coal mining is a complex, narrowly-understood phenomenon. Due to the complicated physical processes involved and the lack of a complete knowledge of the characteristics of overlying strata, the reliability of current prediction techniques varies widely. Furthermore, the accuracy of any given prediction technique is largely dependent upon the accuracy of field measurements and surveys which provide input data for the technique. A valuable resource available for predicting and modeling subsidence is aerial survey technology. This technology produces yearly datasets with a high density of survey points. The following study introduces a method wherein these survey points are converted into elevation plots and subsidence plots using GIS. This study also presents a method, titled the Type-Xi Integration method (TXI method), which improves upon a previous subsidence prediction technique. This method differs from the previous technique in that it incorporates accurate surface topography and considers irregular mine geometry, as well as seam thickness and overburden variations in its predictions. The TXI method also involves comparing predicted subsidence directly to measured subsidence from subsidence plots. In summary, this study illustrates a method of combining data from aerial survey points and mine geometry with subsidence models in order to improve the accuracy of the models.
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Millard, Joseph William. "Pressure Dependence Of The Strength Of Magnesite Deforming By Low Temperature Plasticity, Diffusion Creep, Or Dislocation Creep." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1526913343559104.
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Rocheleau, Jonathan. "Depositional Architecture of a Near-Slope Turbidite Succession: Upper Kaza Group, Windermere Supergroup, Castle Creek, British Columbia, Canada." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20122.
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An expansive panel of well exposed (periglacial) strata of the Upper Kaza Group permitted a detailed study of the stratal architecture of proximal basin floor deposits in the Neoproterozoic Windermere turbidite system. Detailed stratigraphic and petrographic analyses identified six lithofacies: poorly-sorted, clast-rich mudstone (F1), thin-bedded siltstone and mudstone (F2), thick-bedded, massive sandstone (F3), medium-scale, cross-stratified sandstone (F4), mudstone-clast breccia (F5), and medium-bedded turbidites (F6). The spatial distribution of these facies identify five architectural elements: heterolithic feeder channel deposits (FA1), thin-bedded intralobe turbidites (FA2), terminal splay deposits (FA3), distributary channel deposits (FA4), and isolated scours (FA5). FA 1-4 are genetically related and form the basic building blocks of large-scale basin floor depositional lobes. FA 5, which is isolated to the stratigraphic top of the study area, is interpreted to have formed in a base-of-slope setting, and its superposition on FA 1-4 suggests the long-term progradation of the Windermere turbidite system.
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Salter, N. "Creep-feed cylindrical grinding of deep forms." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/bdc4c233-f019-4a40-b45d-edd44ea2d91b.
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Demian, Catalin. "Shoreline erosion in Deep Creek Lake, Maryland patterns, trends and economic implications /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5200.
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Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2007.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 42 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 36-37).
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Gemmell, Thomas P. "Geology of the Kidd Creek Deep Orebodies - Mine D, Western Abitibi Subprovince, Canada." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26116.
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The giant Kidd Creek Mine is an Archean Cu-Zn-Ag deposit in the Abitibi Greenstone belt, located in the Superior Province of Canada and is one of the largest known base metal massive sulfide mines in the world with a tonnage of 170.7 Mt (Past production, Resource and Reserve). The massive sulfides in Mine D comprise a number of ore lenses that are interpreted to be the downplunge continuation of the Central orebody from the upper mine. These are referred to as the West, Main, and South lenses. The massive sulfides overlie a silicified rhyolitic unit at the top of a mixed assemblage of rhyolite flows, volcaniclastic sediments and ultramafic flows. The sheared nature of the fragmental units in the hanging wall of the deposit, at depth, illustrates the greater deformation that has occurred than in the upper mine. Metal zonation and the distribution of Cu stringer mineralization suggest that the West and Main lenses may be part of a single massive sulfide body (Main orebody) that has been structurally dismembered. The South Lens is a detached body, separated by late faults. The large Cu stringer zone beneath the West and Main lenses has a thickness of up to 150 metres, and is much broader and structurally remobilized in Mine D partially due to a newly identified series of vertically trending offset faults, that extends along the entire length of the massive sulfide bodies. A number of features of the North, Central and South orebodies in the upper part of the mine (e.g., Se-rich halo around Cu-rich zones) have been recognized in Mine D and provide an important framework for correlating the deep orebodies with the upper levels of the mine. Drilling below the current mine levels indicates that the massive sulfide and Cu stringer zones continue below 10,200 feet (3109 m) and highlight the remarkable continuity of the deposit downplunge with no end in sight. Two main ore suites have been recognized in the upper part of the mine and in Mine D: a low-temperature, polymetallic assemblage of Zn, Ag, Pb, Cd, Sn, Sb, As, Hg, ±Tl, ±W, and a higher-temperature suite of Cu, Co, As, Bi, Se, In, ±Ni. More than 25 different ore minerals and ore-related gangue minerals are present, including Co-As-sulfides, Cu-Sn-sulfides, Ag-minerals, and selenides. The massive ores consist mainly of pyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, magnetite and chalcopyrite, together with minor galena, tetrahedrite, arsenopyrite, and native silver with a quartz and siderite gangue. Despite the high Ag content of the ores, the majority of the massive sulfides are remarkably Au poor except for a local gold zone that has been recognized in the deep mine in association with high-temperature mineralization. The trace elements in the ores exhibit strong zonation and diverse mineralogy. Spectacular albite porphyroblasts, up to 1 cm in size occur in the most Cu-rich ores of Mine D which are coincident with the peak of regional metamorphism and likely represent higher metamorphic or hydrothermal temperatures. Overall the orebodies have remained remarkably similar downplunge. However, unlike the upper part of the mine, pyrrhotite is dominantly hexagonal, only tetrahedrite was observed as the dominant sulfosalt, and magnetite occurs as both blebby porphyroblasts and as abundant intergrowths with sphalerite-chalcopyrite ores and siderite. These characteristics suggest that the deep mine has been subjected to higher metamorphic temperatures, possibly related to depth of burial, and that the original hydrothermal fluids may of had a lower H2S/CO2 and/or higher temperatures.
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Green, Darryl G. "Dolomitization and burial diagenesis of the Devonian west-central Alberta deep basin : Kaybob South and Fox Creek (Swan Hills Formation) and Pine Creek fields (Leduc and Wabamun Formations)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0016/NQ50178.pdf.
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McDaniel, Caleb Alan. "The effects of grain size on the strength of magnesite aggregates deforming by low temperature plasticity and diffusion creep." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1526571269872349.
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Lasley, Trace C. "Creed vs. Deed: Secession, Legitimacy, and the Use of Child Soldiers." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/polysci_etds/2.
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The use of child soldiers has troubled human rights activists, policy-makers, and local communities for decades. Although rebellions around the world routinely use children in their activities, many do not. Despite its overwhelming importance for conflict resolution, the topic of child soldiers remains understudied. My research blends classic rational choice and constructivist themes to develop an explanation for when child soldiers will be used, and when they will be avoided.
The likelihood of child recruitment is influenced by the value of international opinion; this is determined by the groups' long-term goals. Secessionist rebellions desire to have their own state. However, statehood is jealously guarded by the international community and is only granted under extreme circumstances. The use of child soldiers has been condemned around the world as a crime against humanity, and it can curtail international support. Thus, secessionists should be the least likely rebel type to use child soldiers out of a concern to appear legitimate.
Opportunistic rebellions face few constraints in their recruitment efforts. They do not desire international support because their long-term goal is the same as their short term goal: profit. Instead of refraining from using children in order to curry favor with external parties, they will abduct, adopt, and abuse children because they are cheaper to employ than adults. Opportunists are unconcerned with losing legitimacy or reducing the chances of victory. Therefore, they should be the most likely to use child soldiers.
Concern for costs can affect all rebels. As duration grows, constraints over long-term legitimacy diminish. Therefore, all rebellions should be more likely to use child soldiers as duration increases.
I test my theory quantitatively by looking at 103 rebel groups active between 1998-2008. I explore rebellions in Somalia, Colombia, Afghanistan and Sudan to further elucidate the causal mechanisms. There is considerable empirical support for the theory. These results offer policy-relevant conclusions in the areas of rehabilitation and conflict resolution. More importantly, they offer a workable strategy to curb the use of child soldiers in civil war.
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Fleischhut, Susanne. "Der Bärenjagdkomplex bei den Iyiyuć (East Main Cree) und Ilnuć (Montagnais) : ein Beitrag zum Verständnis der rituellen Beziehungen zwischen Mensch und Tier bei subarktischen Jägern /." Bonn : Holos, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37450090v.
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Haddox, David A. "Mapping and Kinematic Structural Analysis of the Deep Creek Fault Zone, South Flank of the Uinta Mountains, Near Vernal, Utah." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd819.pdf.
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Johansson, Emil, and Hedén Victor Granlund. "Numerisk beräkning av krypsättningar i pelarförstärkt lera." Thesis, KTH, Jord- och bergmekanik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298990.
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I detta examensarbete har en utredning gjorts med syftet att undersöka lämpligheten att genomföra en djupstabilisering med multicementpelare (MC-pelare) i ett område med högt ställda sättningskrav. Detta genom att numeriskt simulera hur djupstabiliserad lera kan bete sig vid belastning med avseende på långtidsdeformationer. Vidare utvärderas hur väl olika materialmodeller kan simulera sättningar med hänsyn till kryp samt huruvida krypsättningar bör beaktas vid denna typ av dimensionering. Simuleringarna är genomförda enligt de geotekniska förutsättningarna och den planerade byggnationen på Galoppfältet i Täby Park. Som en grund för beräkningarna genomfördes en litteraturstudie där bland annat valet att simulera pelarna med Mohr-Coulomb (MoC), Soft Soil Creep (SSC) och Concrete Model (CM) i Plaxis 2D motiveras. Pelarna simulerades med en axissymmetrisk 2D-modell och i samtliga beräkningar simulerades leran med kryp medan pelarna simulerades både med och utan krypsättningar. En kalibrering mot tidigare forskning på området samt sättningsberäkningar av lera på Galoppfältet genomfördes för att säkerställa den valda modellens lämplighet. Därefter simulerades pelare med olika geometriska förutsättningar och varierande uppfyllnadshöjd. En sensitivitetsanalys gjordes även för att åskådliggöra vilka av de osäkra parametrarna som ger stor påverkan på resultatet. Simuleringarna visade att det antagligen är lämpligt att djupförstärka leran med multicementpelare för att uppnå låga sättningar över tid. För en pelardiameter på 800 mm och ett centrumavstånd på 1200 mm uppnåddes följande sättningar med de olika uppfyllnadshöjderna samt de olikamaterial modellerna. Av de testade pelarna ansågs denna geometri mest lämplig för de givna förutsättningarna på Galoppfältet. Detta baseras på den totala sättningen och att vissa pelare gick till brott i simuleringarna för övriga geometrier med större centrumavstånd och mindre pelardiameter. Beräkningarna där pelarna simulerades med SSC- och CM med kryp visade på stor variation sinsemellan. Resultaten med SSC anses felaktigt låga på grund av bristfälliga materialdata och visas därför inte i sammanfattningen. Resultaten med CM utan kryp och MoC utan kryp anses mest trovärdiga om än dock potentiellt för låga eftersom krypsättningar i pelarna inte är inkluderade. Vidare anses CM överlag vara en lämplig modell för att simulera sättningar med kryp i djupförstärkt lera förutsatt att ett tillräckligt underlag för val av materialparametrar finns att tillgå. SSC kan potentiellt vara lämplig enligt resultat från sensitivitetsanalysen förutsatt att materialparametrar kan undersökas för de lokala förutsättningarna. Dock förordas CM för fortsatta studier med krypsättningar i djupförstärkt lera. MoC anses som en god modell om kryp försummas. Med hänsyn till detta anser författarna att kryptester på multicementpelare bör övervägas för att skapa bättre förutsättningar för dimensionering av djupförstärkt lera med krypsättningar. Något som kan ge underlag för dimensionering med högre precision och potentiellt ekonomisk vinning.This master thesis investigates the suitability of using multicement, a mixture of cement and cement kiln dust (CKD), for deep cement mixing (DCM) as soil improvement in an area with high requirements regarding the maximum allowed settlements. This was done by numerical modelling of long-term settlement behaviour for a DCM improved soil. Furthermore, the usability of different material models when considering creep behaviour are studied. The report also investigates whether creep behaviour should be considered or not in this type of simulation. The simulations are done according to the geotechnical conditions and the planned design for an old gallop track in Täby Park, Sweden. A literature review is done as a basis for the simulations performed in Plaxis 2D with an axis symmetric 2D-model. The use of Mohr-Coulomb (MoC), Soft SoilCreep (SSC) and Concrete Model (CM) for the columns are motivated. Creep settlements are included in the clay for all simulations while the columns are simulated both with and without creep settlements. To ensure the suitability of the model, a calibration is done by replication of a research study as well as replication of settlement calculations of the unimproved clay on Galoppfältet. Thereafter different geometric options for the columns and varying fill depths are simulated. Lastly a sensitivity analysis is conducted to display how much the uncertain material properties affect the result. Using multicement columns (MC columns) for DCM seems to be a good method for stabilizing the soil in Galoppfältet to achieve small settlements over time. For columns with a diameter of 800 mm and a center distance of 1200 mm the following settlements were calculated with the different material models for different fill heights. This geometry was considered most suitable for the conditions at Galoppfältet. The two material models which account for creep in the columns show significantly different levels of total settlement. Due to lack of material data the results from simulations with SSC is deemed incorrect and thus not shown in the abstract. Thereby the results from MoC and CM without creep are deemed most credible even though they may be slightly low since they do not consider creep settlements in the columns. Furthermore, the Concrete Model is considered a good model to simulate settlements including creep in improved clay given that the material properties are carefully selected based on testing of the material. Soft Soil Creep may potentially be suitable for columns according to the calibration given that the different material parameters are investigated for the local conditions. However, CMare favoured. Mohr-Coulomb is deemed as a good model if creep settlements are neglected. With regards to this, the authors believe that creep tests of multicement columns should be considered to create improved preconditions for dimensioning of DCM columns with creep. This to improve the accuracy of design and potentially create cost reductions.
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Spurgeon, V. Leanne. "Sedimentology of historic and prehistoric deposits in the drainage basin of Deep River and Muddy Creek on the Piedmont of North Carolina." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1268.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2000.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 152 p. : ill. (some col.), maps. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 62-64).
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Kohn, Mareile. "Das Bärenzeremoniell in Nordamericka : der Bär im Jagdritual und in der Vorstellungswelt der Montagnais-Naskapi-East Cree und der Chippewa-Ojibwa /." Hohenschäftlarn : [BRD] : K. Renner, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb34897419c.
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Perry, Kaysea. "Detrital zircon geochronology for Neoproterozoic to Cambrian sediment sources of the Deep Creek Range and the pilot range in the southwestern United States." Click here to view, 2010. http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/erscsp/5/.
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Thesis (B.S.)--California Polytechnic State University, 2010.Project advisor: Scott Johnston. Title from PDF title page; viewed on Mar. 24, 2010. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on microfiche.
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Obenauer, Silke. "Vielfältig begabt : Grundzüge einer Theorie gabenorientierter Mitarbeit in der evangelischen Kirche /." Berlin ; Münster : Lit, 2009. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3262290&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Martyniak, Valentin. "Etude du comportement différé des revêtements dans les galeries souterraines." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02573431.
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L’équilibre de la contrainte dans les revêtements de galeries souterraines à grande profondeur, ou dans des roches meubles, est un phénomène complexe. Il résulte du comportement couplé du terrain et du béton de revêtement. Le caractère fluant de la roche implique une mise en charge progressive du revêtement de la galerie et l’amplitude de ce phénomène est fortement liée à la rigidité de ce dernier. Les calculs permettant de prédire la contrainte générée dans le revêtement sont généralement réalisés en intégrant des modèles très aboutis dans le terrain, mais les résultats peuvent montrer une contrainte beaucoup plus élevée que ce qui est mesuré sur ouvrage réel. Les sources d’erreur de ces modèles peuvent être multiples et ces différences peuvent s’expliquer par l’omission de certains phénomènes pouvant influer sur l’équilibre de la contrainte de revêtement.Au travers de différentes approches à complexité croissante, les phénomènes pouvant influer sur l’évolution de la contrainte au sein des revêtements de galeries souterraines profondes ont été étudiés. Ces phénomènes peuvent être liés au comportement du béton de revêtement ou à celui du terrain. Une approche semi-analytique de type convergence-confinement a été développée en intégrant les effets différés du terrain par un modèle phénoménologique de Singh-Mitchell ainsi que le fluage et le retrait du béton de revêtement par les modèles empiriques des Eurocodes. Cela a permis de déterminer un ordre de grandeur des différents phénomènes et de sélectionner ceux ayant un effet significatif. De plus, grâce à une analyse des données expérimentales sur les ouvrages de Chamoise et de Bure, nous avons pu montrer que l’évolution de la vitesse de contrainte dans le revêtement semble suivre une évolution linéaire dans le plan log(dσ)/log(t) avec une pente qui semble constante en dépit des différences entre les ouvrages. L’étude de ces données expérimentales a également permis de quantifier les effets différés du béton de revêtement à travers l’analyse des mesures de contrainte et de déformation.Le deuxième niveau de complexité intègre le modèle de comportement viscoplastique L&K à un modèle numérique. Afin d’étudier l’amplitude de ces phénomènes de manière plus précise, dont les effets peuvent dépendre de la méthode de mise en œuvre, nous avons défini deux cas de référence. Ces deux cas correspondent aux deux configurations les plus couramment rencontrés en travaux souterrains, à savoir une galerie creusée de manière traditionnelle à section en fer à cheval et une galerie à section circulaire creusée au tunnelier. Une étude de sensibilité aux paramètres de l’étude ainsi que ceux du modèle a été réalisée afin de déterminer la plage de variation possible du paramètre de pente de la vitesse de chargement.Enfin le troisième niveau de complexité d’analyse intègre un modèle de comportement du béton couplant le modèle mécanique aux effets de l’hydratation et du séchage du béton de revêtement. Une analyse de ces phénomènes a été effectuée sur des éprouvettes au travers d’essais de fluage, puis le modèle a été intégré à un des cas de référence. Cela a permis d’obtenir une meilleure estimation de l’effet du fluage dans les revêtements de galerie qui semble être le phénomène prépondérant à la modification de l’évolution de la contrainte dans le revêtementStress equilibrium in concrete lining of deep tunnels, or in soft rocks, is a complex phenomenon. It results from the coupled behavior of the rock and the concrete of the lining. The creep behavior of the rock implies a progressive loading of the gallery lining. The magnitude of this phenomenon is strongly related to the rigidity of the concrete lining. Numerical simulation led to predict the stress generated in the lining are generally done by integrating very complex models in rock behavior, but the results can show a higher stress than those measured in real galleries. The origin of the mistakes in these numerical models can be multiple. These differences can be explained by the omission of certain phenomena which can influence the balance of the stress in the lining.Through various approaches with increasing complexity, the phenomena that can influence the evolution of the stress in deep underground tunnel lining have been studied. These phenomena can be related to the behavior of the concrete lining or to the behavior of the ground. A semi-analytical convergence-confinement approach have been developed by integrating the long term behavior of the ground effects with a Singh-Mitchell phenomenological model. The creep and shrinkage of the concrete lining follow an empirical model of Eurocode. This allowed for determining an order of magnitude of the different phenomena and to select those having a significant effect. Moreover, thanks to an analysis of experimental data on the Chamoise and Bure galleries, we have been able to show that the evolution of the stress velocity in the lining seems to follow a linear evolution of log(dσ)/log(t) with a constant slope despite the differences between the structures. The study of these experimental data have quantified the long time behavior of concrete lining through the analysis of stress and strain measurements.The second level of complexity integrates the L&K viscoplastic model into a numerical model. In order to study more precisely the amplitude of these phenomena, their effects can depend on the method of construction, we have defined two reference cases. These two cases correspond to the two configurations most commonly encountered in underground structures: the first is a gallery excavated in a traditional way with a horseshoe section, the second one is a tunnel with a circular section dug with a TBM. A sensitivity study of the parameters of the numerical model, and of the L&K model was performed to determine the possible range of variation of the concrete lining stress velocity parameter.Finally, the third level of complexity integrates a concrete model coupling the mechanical model to the effects of hydration and drying of the concrete. An analysis of these phenomena will be performed on samples through creep tests in the numerical model, then the model will be integrated into one of the reference cases. This will provide a better estimation of the effect of concrete lining creep, which appears to be the most noticeable effect on concrete lining stress evolution
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Neto, Luiz Russo. "Interpretação de deformação e recalque na fase de montagem de estrutura de concreto com fundação em estaca cravada." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18132/tde-21092005-154731/.
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Relatos da observação do comportamento de obras de engenharia em escala natural, especialmente no caso de edifícios apoiados em fundações profundas, são pouco freqüentes em nossa literatura, embora estimulados por vários autores e pela Norma Brasileira de Projeto e Execução de Fundações. Este trabalho apresenta resultados de medidas de carga e recalque em 20 pilares contíguos de uma estrutura em concreto armado pré-moldada, apoiada em fundações do tipo estaca cravada. Os recalques foram medidos por meio de nivelamento ótico de precisão, tendo sido determinado valores máximos variáveis entre 1,1 e 4,3 mm. Foram observados deslocamentos sob carga constante, fluência da fundação, com taxa variável entre 0,8 e 3,2 mm/log t. As solicitações normais nos pilares foram avaliadas indiretamente por meio da variação de seu comprimento, utilizando-se um extensômetro mecânico removível. Apresenta-se a metodologia para interpretação das medidas efetuadas pelo extensômetro mecânico, levando em conta as variações dos fatores ambientais e a reologia do concreto, a qual conduz a uma boa concordância entre os valores medidos e os fornecidos pelo cálculo estrutural. Os dados coletados são retroanalisados sob o enfoque da interação solo estrutura pela modelagem da superestrutura por meio de pórtico espacial apoiado em molas representativas das fundações por estacas. No cálculo das molas foi utilizada a integração numérica da solução de Mindlin para a modelagem do efeito de grupo do sistema formado pelas estacas e o maciço de solo. Verificou-se que a elevada variabilidade dos solos da formação geológica do local foi refletida no comportamento da obra, como mostra o resultado da retroanálise efetuada. Conclui-se que as variabilidades da formação geotécnica devem ser consideradas para que previsões de comportamento sejam mais realistasAlthough encouraged by several authors and by the Brazilian Foundation Code, reports of actual column loads measurement in natural scale are not frequent in our technical literature, especially in the case of buildings supported by deep foundations. Results of load and settlement measurements at 20 contiguous columns of a structure built in pre-cast reinforced concrete and supported by driven piles are presented. Settlements were measured by means of optical level and a range of values between 1.1 to 4.3 mm were observed. Settlement under constant load were observed under variable creep rates from 0.8 to 3.2 mm/log t. Loads over columns were indirectly evaluated through column length variation, using a demountable mechanical extensometer. The methodology for interpretation of measurements made with the mechanical extensometer is described, considering corrections due to the variation of environmental conditions and to the concretes rheology; this methodology leads to a good agreement between measured values and those supplied by conventional structural design. The collected data is back analysed taking into account the soil structure interaction. The superstructure was modelled as a spatial frame supported by springs with the same rigidity of the pile foundation element. The equivalent spring parameter for each column support has considered the settlement group effect for all piles embedded in soil, using the numerical integration of Mindlin's equations. Results of this back analysis show a high variability, reflecting the high degree of variability of local subsoil conditions. Therefore, one can conclude that predictions, in order to be reliable, must consider these soil variations
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Schröder, Lutz [Verfasser], and Rainer [Akademischer Betreuer] Hering. "Digitale Spiele als Quellen : Das Vier-Säulen-Analysemodell im Spannungsfeld von Geschichte, Geschichtsbildern und Systemanforderungen ; Erprobt an der Assassin‘s Creed-Reihe / Lutz Schröder ; Betreuer: Rainer Hering." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1212585011/34.
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Settgast, Christoph. "Numerische Untersuchungen der Bruchfestigkeit und inelastischen Deformationen von offenzelligen keramischen Schaumstrukturen." Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, 2019. https://tubaf.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A35315.
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Die im Rahmen des Sonderforschungsbereiches SFB 920 entstandene Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit bruchmechanischen Vorgängen und der makroskopischen Beschreibung von offenzelligen Keramikschäumen unter Berücksichtigung des Materialverhaltens des Kompaktmaterials mithilfe von numerischen Simulationen. Dabei steht die thermomechanische Belastung einer solchen Struktur während eines Gießprozesses im Vordergrund. Im Rahmen der bruchmechanischen Untersuchungen konnte der Einfluss von verschiedenen Strukturparametern aufgezeigt werden. Die Belastungen entlang der scharfen Kerben im Inneren der Stege ergaben sich dabei als weniger kritisch als entlang der Stegaußenseiten. Das Kriechverhalten des kohlenstoffgebundenen Aluminiumoxides bei Hochtemperatur konnte erfolgreich beschrieben und für Schaumstrukturen angewendet werden. Das vorgeschlagene Modell kann dabei sowohl für virtuell erzeugte Schaumstrukturen als auch für reale Schaumproben angepasst werden. Mithilfe von homogenisierten Materialmodellen basierend auf neuronalen Netzen ergab sich eine drastische Reduzierung der Rechenzeit für komplexe Filterstrukturen. Es ist dabei eine Berücksichtigung von Plastizität und Schädigung für das Kompaktmaterial möglich.This thesis developed within the collaborative research centre SFB 920 deals with fracture mechanical analyses and the macroscopic description of open-cell ceramic foams considering the material behaviour of the bulk material by means of numerical simulations. In the centre of interest is the thermomechanical loading of such a structure during a casting process. Within the framework of fracture mechanical investigations, the influence of various structural parameters is demonstrated. The loads along the sharp notches inside the struts turned out to be less critical than along the outer surfaces of the struts. The creep behaviour of the carbon-bonded alumina at high temperature were successfully described and the mathematical description is applied to foam structures. The proposed model can be adapted for virtually generated foam structures as well as for real foam samples. Using homogenized material models based on neuronal networks, a drastic reduction of the computing time for complex filter structures was achieved. Meanwhile, it is possible to consider plasticity and damage effects for the bulk material.
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Willschütz, Hans-Georg. "Thermomechanische Modellierung eines Reaktordruckbehälters in der Spätphase eines Kernschmelzunfalls." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1138712734373-55289.
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Considering the late in-vessel phase of an unlikely core melt down scenario in a light water reactor (LWR) with the formation of a corium pool in the lower head of the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) the possible failure modes of the RPV and the time to failure have to be investigated to assess the possible loadings on the containment. In this work, an integral model was developed to describe the processes in the lower plenum of the RPV. Two principal model domains have to be distinguished: The tem-perature field within the melt and RPV is calculated with a thermodynamic model, while a mechanical model is used for the structural analysis of the vessel wall. In the introducing chapters a description is given of the considered accident scenario and the relevant analytical, experimental, and numerical investigations are discussed which were performed worldwide during the last three decades. Following, the occurring physical phenomena are analysed and the scaling differences are evaluated between the FOREVER-experiments and a prototypical scenario. The thermodynamic and the mechanical model can be coupled recursively to take into account the mutual influence. This approach not only allows to consider the temperature dependence of the material parameters and the thermally induced stress in the mechanical model, it also takes into account the response of the temperature field itself upon the changing vessel geometry. New approaches are applied in this work for the simulation of creep and damage. Using a creep data base, the application of single creep laws could be avoided which is especially advantageous if large temperature, stress, and strain ranges have to be covered. Based on experimental investigations, the creep data base has been developed for an RPV-steel and has been validated against creep tests with different scalings and geometries. It can be stated, that the coupled model is able to exactly describe and predict the vessel deformation in the scaled integral FOREVER-tests. There are uncertainties concerning the time to failure which are related to inexactly known material parameters and boundary conditions. The main results of this work can be summarised as follows: Due to the thermody-namic behaviour of the large melt pool with internal heat sources, the upper third of the lower RPV head is exposed to the highest thermo-mechanical loads. This region is called hot focus. Contrary to that, the pole part of the lower head has a higher strength and therefore relocates almost vertically downwards under the combined thermal, weight and internal pressure load of the RPV. On the one hand, it will be possible by external flooding to retain the corium within the RPV even at increased pressures and even in reactors with high power (as e.g. KONVOI). On the other hand, there is no chance for melt retention in the considered scenario if neither internal nor external flooding of the RPV can be achieved. Two patents have been derived from the gained insights. Both are related to passively working devices for accident mitigation: The first one is a support of the RPV lower head pole part. It reduces the maximum mechanical load in the highly stressed area of the hot focus. In this way, it can prevent failure or at least extend the time to failure of the vessel. The second device implements a passive accident mitigation measure by making use of the downward movement of the lower head. Through this, a valve or a flap can be opened to flood the reactor pit with water from a storage reservoir located at a higher position in the reactor building. With regard to future plant designs it can be stated - differing from former presumptions - that an In-Vessel-Retention (IVR) of a molten core is possible within the reactor pressure vessel even for reactors with higher powerFür das unwahrscheinliche Szenario eines Kernschmelzunfalls in einem Leichtwasserreaktor mit Bildung eines Schmelzesees in der Bodenkalotte des Reaktordruckbehälters (RDB) ist es notwendig, mögliche Versagensformen des RDB sowie Versagenszeiträume zu ermitteln, um die daraus resultierende mögliche Belastung des Sicherheitsbehälters bestimmen zu können. In dieser Arbeit wird ein integrales Modell entwickelt, das die Vorgänge im unteren Plenum beschreibt. Dabei sind zwei prinzipielle Modellbereiche zu unterscheiden: Das Temperaturfeld in der Schmelze und im RDB wird mit einem thermodynamischen Modell berechnet, während für die Strukturanalyse des RDB ein mechanisches Modell verwendet wird. Zunächst werden das betrachtete Unfallszenario dargestellt und die bisher in den letzten drei Dekaden weltweit durchgeführten wesentlichen analytischen, experimentellen und numerischen Untersuchungen diskutiert. Anschließend werden die auftretenden physikalischen Vorgänge analysiert. Gleichzeitig werden Skalierungsunterschiede zwischen den in dieser Arbeit betrachteten Experimenten der FOREVER-Reihe und einem prototypischen Szenario herausgearbeitet. Das thermodynamische und das mechanische Modell können rekursiv gekoppelt werden, wodurch die wechselseitige Beeinflussung berücksichtigt werden kann. Insbesondere werden damit neben der Temperaturabhängigkeit der Materialparameter und den thermisch induzierten Spannungen im mechanischen Modell auch die Rückwirkungen der Behälterverformung auf das Temperaturfeld selber erfasst. Für die Kriech- und Schädigungssimulation werden in dieser Arbeit neue Verfahren angewendet. Durch die Entwicklung und den Einsatz einer Kriechdatenbasis konnte die bei sehr unterschiedlichen Temperaturen, Spannungen und Dehnungen ungeeignete Verwendung einzelner Kriechgesetze umgangen werden. Aufbauend auf experimentellen Untersuchungen wurde eine Kriechdatenbasis für einen RDB-Stahl entwickelt und an Hand von Kriechversuchen verschiedener Geometrie und Dimension validiert. Als Ergebnis lässt sich festhalten, dass das gekoppelte Modell prinzipiell in der Lage ist, die Behälterdeformation im Falle der skalierten FOREVER-Experimente exakt zu beschreiben bzw. vorherzusagen. Unsicherheiten bezüglich der Versagenszeit resultieren aus nicht exakt bekannten Materialparametern und Randbedingungen. Die wesentlichen Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit lassen sich wie folgt zusammenfassen: Aufgrund des thermodynamischen Verhaltens eines großen Schmelzesees mit inneren Wärmequellen erfolgt die höchste thermomechanische Belastung des RDB im oberen Drittel der Bodenkalotte. Dieser Bereich wird als heißer Fokus bezeichnet. Der untere Bereich der Kalotte weist hingegen eine höhere Festigkeit auf und verlagert sich deswegen bei entsprechender Belastung des RDB im wesentlichen senkrecht nach unten. Bei einer externen Flutung besteht auch bei hohen Innendrücken für einen Reaktor großer Leistung (KONVOI) die Möglichkeit, die Schmelze im RDB zurückzuhalten. Ohne interne oder externe Flutung besteht für das betrachtete Szenario keine Aussicht für eine Schmelzerückhaltung im RDB. Aus den gewonnenen Erkenntnissen wurden zwei Patente abgeleitet. Dabei handelt es sich um passiv wirkende Einrichtungen zur Schadensbegrenzung: Die erste reduziert durch Abstützen des unteren Kalottenzentrums die Maximalspannungen im hochbeanspruchten Bereich des heißen Fokus und kann damit ein Versagen verhindern oder zumindest verzögern. Die zweite Einrichtung ermöglicht die passive Auslösung einer Flutung, indem die Abwärtsbewegung der Kalotte zur Steuerung genutzt wird. Hierdurch kann beispielsweise ein Ventil geöffnet werden, um Wasser aus im Gebäude höher angeordneten Reservoirs in die Reaktorgrube zu leiten. Abweichend von bisherigen Annahmen kann im Hinblick auf die Entwicklung zukünftiger Baulinien festgehalten werden, dass eine Kernschmelzerückhaltung im Reaktordruckbehälter auch für Reaktoren größerer Leistung möglich ist
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Willschütz, Hans-Georg. "Thermomechanische Modellierung eines Reaktordruckbehälters in der Spätphase eines Kernschmelzunfalls." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2005. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A24635.
Full textAbstract:
Considering the late in-vessel phase of an unlikely core melt down scenario in a light water reactor (LWR) with the formation of a corium pool in the lower head of the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) the possible failure modes of the RPV and the time to failure have to be investigated to assess the possible loadings on the containment. In this work, an integral model was developed to describe the processes in the lower plenum of the RPV. Two principal model domains have to be distinguished: The tem-perature field within the melt and RPV is calculated with a thermodynamic model, while a mechanical model is used for the structural analysis of the vessel wall. In the introducing chapters a description is given of the considered accident scenario and the relevant analytical, experimental, and numerical investigations are discussed which were performed worldwide during the last three decades. Following, the occurring physical phenomena are analysed and the scaling differences are evaluated between the FOREVER-experiments and a prototypical scenario. The thermodynamic and the mechanical model can be coupled recursively to take into account the mutual influence. This approach not only allows to consider the temperature dependence of the material parameters and the thermally induced stress in the mechanical model, it also takes into account the response of the temperature field itself upon the changing vessel geometry. New approaches are applied in this work for the simulation of creep and damage. Using a creep data base, the application of single creep laws could be avoided which is especially advantageous if large temperature, stress, and strain ranges have to be covered. Based on experimental investigations, the creep data base has been developed for an RPV-steel and has been validated against creep tests with different scalings and geometries. It can be stated, that the coupled model is able to exactly describe and predict the vessel deformation in the scaled integral FOREVER-tests. There are uncertainties concerning the time to failure which are related to inexactly known material parameters and boundary conditions. The main results of this work can be summarised as follows: Due to the thermody-namic behaviour of the large melt pool with internal heat sources, the upper third of the lower RPV head is exposed to the highest thermo-mechanical loads. This region is called hot focus. Contrary to that, the pole part of the lower head has a higher strength and therefore relocates almost vertically downwards under the combined thermal, weight and internal pressure load of the RPV. On the one hand, it will be possible by external flooding to retain the corium within the RPV even at increased pressures and even in reactors with high power (as e.g. KONVOI). On the other hand, there is no chance for melt retention in the considered scenario if neither internal nor external flooding of the RPV can be achieved. Two patents have been derived from the gained insights. Both are related to passively working devices for accident mitigation: The first one is a support of the RPV lower head pole part. It reduces the maximum mechanical load in the highly stressed area of the hot focus. In this way, it can prevent failure or at least extend the time to failure of the vessel. The second device implements a passive accident mitigation measure by making use of the downward movement of the lower head. Through this, a valve or a flap can be opened to flood the reactor pit with water from a storage reservoir located at a higher position in the reactor building. With regard to future plant designs it can be stated - differing from former presumptions - that an In-Vessel-Retention (IVR) of a molten core is possible within the reactor pressure vessel even for reactors with higher power.Für das unwahrscheinliche Szenario eines Kernschmelzunfalls in einem Leichtwasserreaktor mit Bildung eines Schmelzesees in der Bodenkalotte des Reaktordruckbehälters (RDB) ist es notwendig, mögliche Versagensformen des RDB sowie Versagenszeiträume zu ermitteln, um die daraus resultierende mögliche Belastung des Sicherheitsbehälters bestimmen zu können. In dieser Arbeit wird ein integrales Modell entwickelt, das die Vorgänge im unteren Plenum beschreibt. Dabei sind zwei prinzipielle Modellbereiche zu unterscheiden: Das Temperaturfeld in der Schmelze und im RDB wird mit einem thermodynamischen Modell berechnet, während für die Strukturanalyse des RDB ein mechanisches Modell verwendet wird. Zunächst werden das betrachtete Unfallszenario dargestellt und die bisher in den letzten drei Dekaden weltweit durchgeführten wesentlichen analytischen, experimentellen und numerischen Untersuchungen diskutiert. Anschließend werden die auftretenden physikalischen Vorgänge analysiert. Gleichzeitig werden Skalierungsunterschiede zwischen den in dieser Arbeit betrachteten Experimenten der FOREVER-Reihe und einem prototypischen Szenario herausgearbeitet. Das thermodynamische und das mechanische Modell können rekursiv gekoppelt werden, wodurch die wechselseitige Beeinflussung berücksichtigt werden kann. Insbesondere werden damit neben der Temperaturabhängigkeit der Materialparameter und den thermisch induzierten Spannungen im mechanischen Modell auch die Rückwirkungen der Behälterverformung auf das Temperaturfeld selber erfasst. Für die Kriech- und Schädigungssimulation werden in dieser Arbeit neue Verfahren angewendet. Durch die Entwicklung und den Einsatz einer Kriechdatenbasis konnte die bei sehr unterschiedlichen Temperaturen, Spannungen und Dehnungen ungeeignete Verwendung einzelner Kriechgesetze umgangen werden. Aufbauend auf experimentellen Untersuchungen wurde eine Kriechdatenbasis für einen RDB-Stahl entwickelt und an Hand von Kriechversuchen verschiedener Geometrie und Dimension validiert. Als Ergebnis lässt sich festhalten, dass das gekoppelte Modell prinzipiell in der Lage ist, die Behälterdeformation im Falle der skalierten FOREVER-Experimente exakt zu beschreiben bzw. vorherzusagen. Unsicherheiten bezüglich der Versagenszeit resultieren aus nicht exakt bekannten Materialparametern und Randbedingungen. Die wesentlichen Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit lassen sich wie folgt zusammenfassen: Aufgrund des thermodynamischen Verhaltens eines großen Schmelzesees mit inneren Wärmequellen erfolgt die höchste thermomechanische Belastung des RDB im oberen Drittel der Bodenkalotte. Dieser Bereich wird als heißer Fokus bezeichnet. Der untere Bereich der Kalotte weist hingegen eine höhere Festigkeit auf und verlagert sich deswegen bei entsprechender Belastung des RDB im wesentlichen senkrecht nach unten. Bei einer externen Flutung besteht auch bei hohen Innendrücken für einen Reaktor großer Leistung (KONVOI) die Möglichkeit, die Schmelze im RDB zurückzuhalten. Ohne interne oder externe Flutung besteht für das betrachtete Szenario keine Aussicht für eine Schmelzerückhaltung im RDB. Aus den gewonnenen Erkenntnissen wurden zwei Patente abgeleitet. Dabei handelt es sich um passiv wirkende Einrichtungen zur Schadensbegrenzung: Die erste reduziert durch Abstützen des unteren Kalottenzentrums die Maximalspannungen im hochbeanspruchten Bereich des heißen Fokus und kann damit ein Versagen verhindern oder zumindest verzögern. Die zweite Einrichtung ermöglicht die passive Auslösung einer Flutung, indem die Abwärtsbewegung der Kalotte zur Steuerung genutzt wird. Hierdurch kann beispielsweise ein Ventil geöffnet werden, um Wasser aus im Gebäude höher angeordneten Reservoirs in die Reaktorgrube zu leiten. Abweichend von bisherigen Annahmen kann im Hinblick auf die Entwicklung zukünftiger Baulinien festgehalten werden, dass eine Kernschmelzerückhaltung im Reaktordruckbehälter auch für Reaktoren größerer Leistung möglich ist.
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Pavey, Jamey L. "The challenge of realizing sustainable natural resource management on private lands problems and promise /." 2005. http://etd.utk.edu/2005/PaveyJamey.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2005.Title from title page screen (viewed on June 28, 2005). Thesis advisor: David Ostermeier. Document formatted into pages (ix, 169 p. : ill., maps). Vita.
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蘇柄源. "Soil creep characteristics during deep excavation." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76350381015874438554.
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Yuarn, Su Bihng, and 蘇柄源. "Soil Creep Characteristics During Deep Excavation." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20070457152670618150.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
營建工程技術學系
81
An in-depth investigation for clay''s creep characteristics during deep excavation was condusted. Equipmants used for undrained creep testing include a traditional triaxial creep apparatrs and an artomated system for ko-consolidation creep test. The results reveals that under isotropic consolidation, various clays with different overconsolidation ratio(OCR) have same creep characteristics. So does the clay with OCR=1 and subjected undrained creep by lateral unloading. However, Ko- consolidation does have some influence on its creep behavior. In addition, creep parametersobtained from Ko-consolidation creep tests differ slightly to those obtained from isotropic consolidation creep tests. Quantitative formulas including the Singh and Mitchell, Semple, Modifiedsemple and Mesri were evaluated for their applicability. The results show that both the Singh and Mitchell, and the modified Semple equations can give estimations very close to the laboratory test results of siol samples with OCR=1-8 using the creep parameters obtained from samples tested with OCR=1 The study also shows that creep parameters under axial loading could be adopted to simulate soil''s creep due to lateral unloadimg. However, due to the variation in the definition of creep stress lavel and creep characteristics, simply substituting isotropic consolidation creepparameters to evaluate the creep of K0-consolidated soils would significantly under estimate the laboratory creep test results for all four emjperical formaulas studied. Studies have also been devoted to develop an analytical model by revising the SOIL-STRUCT computer program and enabling it to do creep analysis. Reasonable estimation of the lateral displacement of the retaining wall due to siol creep behind it can be obtained using the revised SOIL-STRUCT computer program which incorporates the Singh and Mitchell''s and Modified Semple''s creep equations.
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王建智. "Undrained creep behavior of soft clay induced by deep excavation." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79526803681723383270.
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Chun-YuCheng and 鄭竣宇. "Investigating the Creep Behaviors on Sliding Surface of Deep-Seated Landslide." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9827f7.
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碩士國立成功大學
土木工程學系
104
This study, using the deep-seated landslides in Caoling and Siaolin village as examples, aimed at investigating the characteristics of creeping behavior caused by a sliding surface in a large-scale collapse damage. The sliding of the Caoling landslide area over the years has caused numerous cliffs, while prior to the slide damage, the slope in Siaolin village has shown signs of gravitational deformation, indicating that the existing bedrocks are both subjected to residual stress. Hence, this research simulated the sliding surface materials based on a remold model, aimed at further exploring the creeping characteristics. The remolded specimens were made of broken rocks on the sliding surface of slopes. For example, the remolding tests on the Chuolan shale in Caoling and the Yenshuikeng shale in Siaolin Village were conducted under the condition of water content exceeding the liquid limit, wherein earth covering was provided until the ground subsidence no longer varied. The remolded specimens were then subjected to a homogeneity test to verify the feasibility of using the remolding technique to simulate sliding surface materials. Thereafter, an uniaxial and triaxial compression test was conducted on the said specimens that were both classified into two groups, namely, air-dried and saturated specimens, to establish the strength failure criterion, which subsequently served as a load design reference for the static triaxial creep test. Notably, with a view to obtaining the relationship of the creep rate versus time, the load was added in a multistage manner during the triaxial creep test to meet the stress ratio requirements. Normalizing the results suggested that, in a decelerated creep stage, the deceleration slope of the remolded saturated specimen is lower than that of the remolded air-dried specimen. Consequently, a log–log plot depicting the minimum strain rate versus the failure time was drawn, which was integrated and compared with their prior counterparts through regression analysis. The results indicated that the data were linearly distributed in the same confidence interval, which could be used to infer the relationship between the creeping behaviors of the surface materials resulting from a deep-seated landslide and the creep failure time (sliding along the failure surface), and to further establish an early warning system for preventing the occurrence of rock slope sliding damage.
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Chou, Jui-Ching, and 鄒瑞卿. "NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF CORNER EFFECT AND CREEP BEHAVIOR FOR DEEP EXCAVATION OF HIGH-RISE BUILDINGIN TAIPEI METROPOLITAN." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24486079405034228227.
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碩士國立成功大學
土木工程學系碩博士班
90
ABSTRACT A two-dimensional (2-D) Finite Element Method (FEM) with hardening/softening elastoplastic behavior, creep behavior and undrained condition is adopted to study the creep effect on TIFC (Taipei International Financial Center) deep excavation project. The FEM program, PLAXIS, was adopted to simulate the excavation processes. First, the triaxial creep tests were simulated. The numerical predictions and laboratory results have the same tendencies. Then, the TIFC deep excavation project was modeled in two directions. One is North-South direction the other is West-East direction. The comparisons of numerical predictions and field measurements are well agreements. And the creep effect indeed is reality and affects the accuracy of numerical predictions. A three-dimensional (3-D) Finite Difference Method (FDM) simulation with elastic-plastic behavior, undrained condition and seepage is adopted to investigate the corner effect on TIFC deep excavation project. The technique and the numerical procedures for modeling the excavation processes was proposed using FDM program, FLAC3D. The TIFC deep excavation project was modeled in two cases. One is Top-Down construction method in Podium Zone the other is Bottom-UP construction method in Tower zone. The comparisons of numerical predictions and field measurements are well agreements and the corner effects are existence.
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Hebert, Laura Caroline. ""In Search of Deer": A historical ecological perspective on caribou in northern Manitoba in the context of Cree use." 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/30343.
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Caribou have a longstanding cultural and environmental role, and have interacted with human groups across time. This thesis is a consideration of these interactions, exploring prehistoric and historic patterns of caribou usage by Cree people in northern Manitoba. Through zooarchaeological analysis, an ethnohistorical review, and community workshops and interviews with York Factory First Nation, the relationship between caribou populations and Cree use is illustrated, providing insight into abundance, movements, and the socio-cultural value of caribou over time. In doing so, context is provided for the present-day situation: connections between historical and modern herds are drawn, population and migration changes are highlighted, and the impact of hunting pressures, climatic variation, habitat changes, and food availability on caribou populations are contemplated. Caribou have long been central to the seasonal economy in northern Manitoba, and the use of these animals reflects their abundance and value.
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Wainwright, James. "Both Native South and Deep South: The Native Transformation of the Gulf South Borderlands, 1770–1835." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/72058.
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How did the Native South become the Deep South within the span of a single generation? This dissertation argues that these ostensibly separate societies were in fact one and the same for several decades. It significantly revises the history of the origins of antebellum America’s slave-based economy and shows that the emergence of a plantation society in Alabama and Mississippi was in large part a grassroots phenomenon forged by Indians and other native inhabitants as much as by Anglo-American migrants. This native transformation occurred because of a combination of weak European colonial regimes, the rise of cattle, cotton, and chattel slavery in the region, and the increasingly complex ethnic and racial geography of the Gulf South.
Inhabitants of the Gulf South between the American Revolution and Indian removal occupied a racial and social milieu that was not distinctly Indian, African, or European. Nor can it be adequately defined by hybridity. Instead, Gulf southerners constructed something unique. Indians and native non-Indians—white and black—owned ranches and plantations, employed slave labor, and pioneered the infrastructure for cotton production and transportation. Scotsmen and Spaniards married Indians and embraced their matrilineal traditions. Anglo- and Afro-American migrants integrated into an emergent native cotton culture in which racial and cultural identities remained permeable and flexible. Thus, colonial and borderland-style interactions persisted well into the nineteenth century, even as the region grew ever more tightly bound to an expansionist United States. The history of the Gulf South offers a perfect opportunity to bridge the imagined divide between the colonial and early republic eras. Based on research in multiple archives across five states, my work thus alters our understanding of the history and people of an American region before the Civil War and reshapes our framework for interpreting the nature of racial and cultural formation over the long course of American history.
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Kulcsar, Benjamin. "Der erlebnisorientierte geistliche Lebensstil als Herausforderung fur den Gemeindeaufbau in der Postmoderne : empirische Untersuchung der Auswirkungen der Church Growth Movement auf den Gemeindeaufbau in Deutschland und in der Schweiz." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3845.
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Text in GermanDie vorliegende Forschungsarbeit beschäftigt sich mit der erlebnisorientierten Ausrichtung des geistlichen Lebensstils als Herausforderung für den Gemeindeaufbau in der Postmoderne. Die zunehmende Erlebnisorientierung der postmodernen Gesellschaft hat auch vor den Türen der Glaubensgemeinschaften in Deutschland und in der Schweiz nicht Halt gemacht. Die Folgen fordern von den Verantwortlichen der Gemeinden und Kirchen neue Überlegungen im Hinblick auf die bisherige Gemeindeaufbaupraxis. In diesem Prozess fällt auf, dass in Deutschland und in der Schweiz vor allem die Impulse der Church Growth Movement (CGM), insbesondere das Gemeindemodell der Willow Creek Community Church (WCCC) und der Saddleback Valley Community Church (SVCC), große Aufmerksamkeit erlangt haben. Einerseits werden die Gemeindemodelle vielerorts mit Begeisterung nachgeahmt, andererseits werden sie aber unter anderem wegen ihres Verhältnisses zur Erlebnisorientierung und wegen ihres Umgangs damit stark kritisiert. In der vorliegenden Forschungsarbeit wurden deshalb die Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede bezüglich der erlebnisorientierten Ausrichtung des geistlichen Lebensstils der Gläubigen in den Partnergemeinden der Willow Creek Community Church und in den Nichtpartnergemeinden empirisch untersucht. Außerdem wurde geprüft, inwiefern soziostrukturelle Faktoren, insbesondere das Gemeindeumfeld, zur Generierung des erlebnisorientierten geistlichen Lebensstil beitragen und, inwiefern eine Wechselwirkung zwischen den Bestandteilen des geistlichen Lebensstils vorhanden ist. Die Ergebnisse der Forschungsarbeit ermöglichen eine empirisch-oikodomische Beurteilung der Gemeindeaufbaumodelle der CGM und die Entwicklung einer Vorgehensweise im Gemeindeaufbau in der Postmoderne, wodurch auf die zunehmende Erlebnisorientierung der Gesellschaft als Herausforderung in der Gemeindeaufbaupraxis entsprechend reagiert werden kann. The present research investigates the justification of an experience-orientated alignment of a spiritual lifestyle as a challenge for churchbuilding in postmodernity. The increasing experience-orientated behaviour in post-modern society did not stop at the gates of the churches in Germany and Switzerland. The results require, from those persons responsible in the congregations and churches, new deliberation and reflection with regard to the present practice of the promotion and development of church growth. When one looks at this process, it becomes apparent, that above all the stimuli from the Church Growth Movement (CGM), especially the church models of the Willow Creek Community Church (WCCC) and the Saddleback Valley Community Church (SVCC) gained huge attention in Germany and Switzerland. On the one hand the church models are emulated with great enthusiasm, on the other hand they are strongly criticised for their relationship with and handling of experience-orientated behaviour. The present research empirically examines and investigates the communalities and differences regarding the experience-orientated alignment of the spiritual lifestyle of the faithful believers from partner churches of the Willow Creek Community Church and non-partner churches. It was also examined and investigated to what degree socio-structural factors contributed to, particularly the congregational environment, with regards to the creation of the experience-orientated spiritual life style, and in how far an interaction exists between the various components of the spiritual lifestyle. The research findings facilitate an empirical-theological evaluation and assessment of the models of churchbuilding of the CGM and the development of an approach to churchbuilding in postmodernity. It is therefore possible to react to the increasing experience-orientation of the societal as a challenge in the churchbuilding.
Practical and Systematic Theology
D.Th. (Practical Theology)