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Нагорна, А. О., та К. О. Нагорана. "Аналіз рівня госпіталізації до обласної клінічної лікарні хворих з ураженнями опорно-рухового апарату із сільських районів (2012-2013 рр.)". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/41415.
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Метою дослідження було проаналізувати рівень госпіталізації в Сумську обласну клінічну лікарню
(СОКЛ) залежно від віддаленості сільських районів до обласного центру та наявності
спеціалізованої допомоги на місцях.
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Leslie, Shirae. "An Injectable Stem Cell Delivery System for Treatment of Musculoskeletal Defects." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4472.
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The goal of this research was to develop a system of injectable hydrogels to deliver stem cells to musculoskeletal defects, thereby allowing cells to remain at the treatment site and secrete soluble factors that will facilitate tissue regeneration. First, production parameters for encapsulating cells in microbeads were determined. This involved investigating the effects of osmolytes on alginate microbead properties, and the effects of alginate microbead cell density, alginate microbead density, and effects of osteogenic media on microencapsulated cells. Although cells remained viable in the microbeads, alginate does not readily degrade in vivo for six months. Therefore, a method to incorporate alginate lyase in microbeads was developed and optimized to achieve controlled release of viable cells. Effectiveness of this strategy was determined through cell release studies and measuring proteins and expression of genes that are characteristic of the cell’s phenotype. Lastly, in vivo studies were done to assess the ability of alginate microbeads to localize microencapsulated cells and support chondrogenesis and osteogenesis. This project will provide insight to the tissue engineering field regarding cell-based therapies and healing musculoskeletal defects.
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Turquetto, Aida Luiza Ribeiro. "Avaliação cardiovascular, pulmonar e musculoesquelética em pacientes com fisiologia univentricular no período pós-operatório tardio da cirurgia de Fontan." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5156/tde-01082017-091231/.
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INTRODUCÃO: A cirurgia de Fontan ou conexão cavo-pulmonar total é o último procedimento de uma estratégia estadiada, empregada no tratamento de cardiopatias congênitas complexas com ventrículo único anatômico ou funcional (também chamada de cardiopatia congênita com coração univentricular). Pacientes com um único ventrículo, situação incompatível com a vida, passaram a sobreviver até a idade adulta após a realização dessa cirurgia. A conexão direta da cavas com as artérias pulmonares, exclui do sistema circulatório o ventrículo subpulmonar, criando nesses indivíduos uma circulação do tipo univentricular. A falta do ventrículo subpulmonar e a subsequente ausência de fluxo sanguíneo pulsátil no pulmão, reduz o volume de enchimento do ventrículo único e consequentemente, o débito cardíaco. Mecanismos adaptativos do sistema periférico são desencadeados para garantir uma adequada redistribuição do fluxo sanguíneo para órgãos vitais, porém não são suficientes para garantir uma capacidade funcional adequada nesses indivíduos. Acreditamos que, uma análise detalhada dessas alterações e seus respectivos mecanismos adaptativos, possam contribuir na avaliação e entendimento dessa complexa fisiologia. A interferência nos componentes relacionados a baixa capacidade física, poderiam em teoria, modificar a história natural da doença nesses indivíduos, submetidos a cirurgia de Fontan. OBJETIVOS: 1. Comparar variáveis do sistema cardiovascular, pulmonar e músculo esquelético de pacientes com idade entre 12 e 30 anos, submetidos a cirurgia de Fontan com 5 anos ou mais de evolução pós-operatória com indivíduos saudáveis. 2. Correlacionar variáveis do sistema cardiovascular, pulmonar e músculo esquelético com a capacidade funcional no grupo de pacientes com cirurgia de Fontan. 3. Identificar as variáveis preditoras de baixa capacidade funcional nesta população. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, tipo caso-controle. Foram incluídos 30 pacientes no Grupo Fontan (GF) e 27 indivíduos saudáveis, que compuseram o grupo controle (GC). Os indivíduos foram submetidos à ressonância magnética cardiovascular, ecodopplercardiografia, teste de esforço cardiopulmonar, prova de função pulmonar completa, microneurografia direta no nervo fibular, pletismografia de oclusão venosa, dosagem plasmática de catecolaminas e peptídeo natriurético cerebral, teste de caminhada de seis minutos, espectroscopia de fósforo por ressonância magnética do quadríceps femoral, imagem musculoesquelética por ressonância magnética da musculatura da coxa e avaliação da qualidade de vida pelo questionário SF-36 (Short-Form Health Survey). Foram realizadas análises comparativas entre os grupos nos diferentes sistemas e posteriormente, testes para identificar os preditores de baixa capacidade funcional no GF. RESULTADOS: O consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2 pico) no GF foi menor comparada ao GC, em valores absolutos, relativo ao peso corpóreo e em porcentagem do predito para sexo e idade. [1,65 (±0,54) vs 2,81 (±0,77) L/min p < 0,001]; [29,3 (±6,0) vs 41,5 (±9,2) mL/kg/min p < 0,001] e [70 (±14) vs 100% do predito (±20) p < 0,001] respectivamente. Os volumes e capacidades pulmonares foram significativamente menores no GF comparados ao GC, e demonstraram correlação positiva com o VO2 absoluto [capacidade vital forçada (CVF) r=0,836 p < 0,001; capacidade pulmonar total (CPT) r=0,730 p < 0,001 e capacidade de difusão do monóxido de carbono (DLCO) r=0,539 p=0,002], mas foram preditores de baixa capacidade funcional, a CVF (Constante= -0,306; B=0,393; IC=0,272-0,513 e p<0,001) e a DLCO (Constante= - 0,306; B=0,042; IC= 0,018-0,067; e p=0,002). O diâmetro da artéria pulmonar esquerda, também foi identificado como preditor de baixo VO2 (Constante=0,274; B=0,111; IC=0,061-0,161 e p < 0,001). E pela análise de periférica, a área seccional transversa da musculatura da coxa foi significativamente menor no GF, demonstrando ser mais um preditor de baixa capacidade funcional nesta população (Constante: 0,380; B=0,024; IC=0,018-0,030; p < 0,001). A atividade nervosa simpática muscular foi maior no GF [30 (±4) vs 22 (±3) disparos/min p < 0,001] e o fluxo sanguíneo muscular menor [1,59 (±0,3) vs 2,17 (±0,5) mL/min/100mL p < 0,001] comparados ao GC, porém estas variáveis não foram preditoras de baixa capacidade funcional. Em relação ao metabolismo oxidativo muscular, o GF apresentou menor amplitude de pico da fosfocreatina comparado ao GC [0,43 (0,41-0,45) vs 0,45 (0,42-0,50) p=0,023]. Porém essas alterações não se correlacionaram com o VO2 pico. CONCLUSÕES: Concluímos que a função pulmonar, o controle neurovascular e a capacidade funcional de pacientes com ventrículo único funcional, clinicamente estáveis, encontram-se comprometidas quando comparadas com indivíduos saudáveis. O menor diâmetro da artéria pulmonar esquerda, a capacidade vital forçada diminuída, a capacidade de difusão do monóxido de carbono comprometida e a área seccional transversa da musculatura da coxa reduzida foram os preditores de baixa capacidade funcional na população estudada<br>BACKGROUND: The Fontan operation or total cavo-pulmonary connection is the last procedure of a staged strategy, performed to treat complex congenital heart diseases in patients with a functional or anatomic single ventricle, also known as a univentricular heart. After the inception of the Fontan procedure, patients are surviving to adulthood due this remarkable technique. This operation, creates a direct connection of the superior and inferior vena cava with the pulmonary arteries, excluding the subpulmonary ventricle of the circulatory system an univentricular circulation. The lack of a subpulmonary ventricle and subsequent absence of pulsatile blood flow in the lungs, reduce the filling volume of the single ventricle and consequently the cardiac output. Although some adaptive mechanisms at the peripheral system are triggered to ensure an adequade blood flow to vital organs, they are not enough for an adequate functional capacity in these patients. A detailed analysis and evaluation of these changes and their respective mechanisms may contribute to understand this complex physiology. Hopefully, it might be possible to modify and improve the long term outcomes of these individuals. The aims of the study were: 1. To compare the variables of the cardiovascular, pulmonary and musculoskeletal systems in clinically stable Fontan patients with a control group. 2. To correlate the variables of the cardiovascular, pulmonary and skeletal muscle with the functional capacity in Fontan patients. 3. To identify predictors of low functional capacity in this population. METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study of 30 FP of (20 +/- 6 years) and 10 (8-15) years of follow-up and 27 healthy controls (HC) (22 +/- 5years) was performed. They underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance, echocardiography, cardiopulmonary exercise test, complete lung function, catecholamine and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) plasmatic levels, microneurography, venous occlusion plethismography, six-minute walk test, phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P MRS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of skeletal muscle and quality of life (QoL) using the Short Form Health Survey (SF36). Comparative analyzes of the different systems of two groups were done as well as tests to identify the predictors of low functional capacity in Fontan groups (FG). RESULTS: The maximal oxygen consumption (VO2) in the FG was lower compared to control group (CG), in absolute values, relative to body weight and percentage predicted for gender and age [1,65 (±0,54) vs 2,81 (±0,77) L/min p < 0,001]; [29,3 (±6,0) vs 41,5 (±9,2) mL/kg/min p < 0,001] e [70 (±14) vs 100% of the predicted value (±20) p < 0,001] respectively. Pulmonary volumes and capacities were also significantly lower in FG compared to CG, and demonstrated a positive correlation with absolute peak VO2 [Forced vital capacity (FVC) r=0,836 p < 0,001; total lung capacity (TLC) r=0,730 p < 0,001 and carbon monoxide diffusion capacity (DLCO) r=0,539 p=0,002]. But, the FVC and DLCO were predictors of reduced VO2 (Constant= -0,306; B=0,393; CI=0,272-0,513 e p < 0,001) and (Constant= -0,306; B=0,042; CI=0,018-0,067; e p=0,002) respectively. The diameter of the left pulmonary artery was also other of the predictors of low functional capacity (Constant=0,274; B=0,111; CI=0,061-0,161 e p < 0,001). Analyzing the volume of the thigh muscles, a significant difference between the groups was found, and the transversal sectional area of this muscle was a predictor of low functional capacity (Constant: 0,380; B=0,024; CI=0,018-0,030; p < 0,001). Muscle sympathetic nerve activity was higher in FG [30 (±4) vs 22 (±3) burst/min p < 0,001] and forearm blood flow was lower [1,59 (±0,3) vs 2,17 (±0,5) mL/min/100mL p < 0,001] compared with CG, however, these variables were not predictive of low functional capacity. Muscle oxidative metabolism showed difference in the intracellular pH value and the peak amplitude of phosphocreatine between the groups. The peak amplitude of phosphocreatine was lower in FG compared CG [0,43 (0,41-0,45) vs 0,45 (0,42-0,50) p=0,023] however, there were no correlation with the functional capacity. CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary function, neurovascular control and functional capacity of clinically stable Fontan patients were impaired when compared to healthy subjects. Lower diameter of the left pulmonary artery, decreased forced vital capacity, impaired carbon monoxide diffusion capacity, and reduced transverse sectional area of the thigh musculature were the predictors of low functional capacity in the study population
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Roberts, Nathan T. "Musculoskeletal injuries in tactical law enforcement." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/11120.
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Wilkin, Linda Diane. "Rehabilitative influence of therapeutic ultrasound treatment on cellular markers of skeletal muscle regeneration following blunt contusion injury /." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486463321624146.
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Prenzler, Elizabeth A. "Musculoskeletal adaptation to dance." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36748/1/36748_Prenzler_1998.pdf.
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Training can facilitate adaptive changes in the human body in response to activity, and these changes are evident in dancers. Unique manoeuvres inherent in the training programmes and performance of dancers have a significant influence on adaptive responses of the musculo-skeletal system. These set manoeuvres must be executed to be visually correct and often involve extreme ranges of movement, along with highly repetitive moves and frequent jumping. As dancers often begin training at an early age, physiological changes may take place as their bodies adapt to the positions and loads experienced. Additional factors that may influence adaptation are nutritional deficiencies, menstrual abnormalities, floor surfaces, inadequate footwear and hours of practice. The process of adaptation affects both the skeletal and muscular systems of the body and both positive and negative consequences are evident. Negative effects may be expressed by high injury rates, pertaining mainly to the lower limb and often chronic in nature. A significant factor in the cause of injury relates to the inability to effectively match training levels and intensities with positive adaptation. Bone mineral density (BMD) is one measure that can be taken to examine the adaptive response of bone. Following training, BMD has been found to increase at specific sites in response to loading at those sites. However, if the loads or frequency of loads are too great, failure may occur which may ultimateiy lead to stress fractures. Muscular adaptation to training may be evident by increases in muscular strength and the presence of muscle imbalance, although a precise definition of what constitutes an imbalance is unclear. Studies claim that symmetry in terms of strength should exist between muscles on opposite sides of the body, or that a specific ratio is found between the agonisUantagonist muscle groups of the same extremity. A discrepancy of more than 10% from expected values has been classified as an imbalance, potentially causing injury, and muscle imbalances have frequently been linked with dancing injuries. While many studies have investigated imbalance and injury, the relationship between them is still unclear and few studies have targeted specific muscle groups in the area of dance. It is necessary to prospectively examine this relationship and to more closely monitor training intensities and subsequent changes in the musculo-skeletal system. The purpose of this study was to investigate prospectively the relationship between factors commonly associated with injuries and the injury profiles of female dancers. The specific aims were to determine the anthropometry, skeletal status, muscular strength and flexibility characteristics of this group of dancers; to investigate the nature of the training program with respect to duration, intensity and frequency components; and to investigate the relationship between these factors and injury throughout a season of dancing.
Twenty female dance students from the Queensland University of Technology dance program and five female dance students from the Brisbane Dance Centre participated in the study. Over a 10-month period, five measures were taken at the beginning of the university semester. Muscie strength was measured using a Kin-Com isokinetic dynamometer including hip flexors/extensors, hip abductors/adductors, hip external/internal rotators, knee fiexors/extensors, ankle invertors/evertors and ankie plantar/dorsiflexors. These measures were also used to determine muscle strength ratio's. Passive ranges of movement of the above actions were measured using a Leighton flexometer. The Lunar densitometer was used to measure bone mineral density of the proximal femur and lumbar spine. Anthropometric measures were used to establish body composition and a submaximal fitness test was carried out at each of the test periods. Continual monitoring of activity levels and injuries occurred throughout the 10 month period. Training intensity was established by analysis of dance classes, activity diaries and force plate measurements.
The training hours of dancers were not significantly different between injured and non-injured dancers. It was noted however, that there was a discrepancy between the number of hours recorded and the actual number of active hours completed in the dancers training history, due to the nature of the dance classes. No skeletal injuries were recorded, therefore a comparison with BMD measures could not be made, however the values from the dancers from this study were higher than previous dance studies. Muscular characteristics in terms of strength and flexibility did show evidence of adaptation at certain joints compared to normal values, however they were different again to professional dancers. While a number of characteristics showed significant differences between injured and non-injured groups, these were viewed with caution due to the exploratory nature of the study. They did reveal however, that further investigation, particularly around the ankle joint and hip joint is warranted.
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Lam, Yuk-ling. "Patterns of musculoskeletal injuries in collegiate dancers /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B2342543x.
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Li, Duo. "Biomechanical simulation of the hand musculoskeletal system and skin." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44027.
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Claggett, Christopher L. "An analysis of the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in heavy, civil construction operations and the impact of job, age, and experience." Online version, 2002. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2002/2002claggettc.pdf.
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林玊玲 and Yuk-ling Lam. "Patterns of musculoskeletal injuries in collegiate dancers." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31257264.
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Hanke, Mark L. "Sympathetic Nervous System Mediated Alterations in the Immunological and Behavioral Effects of Social Defeat." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1283527905.
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Shujja-Ud-Din, Omar S. "Investigating the effects of aromatase inhibitors on the musculoskeletal system." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9178/.
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Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs) are a standard of care for the adjuvant treatment of hormone responsive early carcinoma of the breast as demonstrated in a number of large international phase III randomised trials. Arthralgia was a somewhat unexpected side effect of this class of agents and has proven to be potentially problematic in clinical practice. Although rates of up 35% have been reported in the randomised trials, the figure has been much higher in subsequent case series. There is concern that these symptoms are significant and may affect compliance and thus the overall efficacy of treatment. It is therefore extremely important that we evaluate this syndrome with a view to gaining more information regarding its clinical features and possible aetiological mechanism. The potential aetiological mechanisms and evidence for Aromatase Inhibitor Arthralgia (AIA) are reviewed in this thesis. Looking forward, it is now important that prospective clinical trials are well designed to evaluate this syndrome and potential therapeutic strategies to circumvent it. Radiological imaging and biochemical analyses may help our understanding of AIA and these are discussed. This syndrome has been investigated in a prospective controlled study (ARIAD), which forms the main focus of this thesis. In addition, a second study of the attitudes of UK breast clinicians regarding AIA has been completed and is reported here.
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Capell, Jacquelin. "Playing related musculoskeletal disorders in instrumental musicians." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16154.
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Lundberg, Mari. "Kinesiophobia : various aspects of moving with musculoskeletal pain /." Göteborg : Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/317.
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Hogue, David W. "How integrating a shipboard radar system to a[n] electronic warfare system can help defeat anti-ship missile attacks." Master's thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03302010-020309/.
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Hall, Israel Restus. "Spectral analysis and regularity quantification of skeletal muscle signals as a non-invasive assessment of muscle." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2004. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=3660.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2004.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 119 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-101).
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Covert, Rebeccah Jean. "Friction and wear testing of a new biomaterial for use as an articular cartilage substitute." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17212.
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Ross, Erin. "Freehand three dimensional ultrasound for imaging components of the musculoskeletal system." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4500.
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There have been reports on the use of Ultrasound (US) for monitoring fracture repair and for measuring muscle volume. Change in muscle mass is a useful bio-marker for monitoring the use and disuse of muscle, and the affects of age, disease and injury. The main modality for imaging bone is X-ray and for muscle volume Magnetic Resonance (MR). Previous studies have shown US to have advantages over X-ray and MR. US can image all stages of the fracture repair process and can detect signs of healing 4-6 weeks before X-ray allowing earlier detection of possible complications. Compared to MR, US is less resource intensive, easier to access and also has fewer exclusion criteria for patients. Despite these advantages, the limited field of view that US can provide results in high operator dependency for scan interpretation and also for length and volume measurements. Three-dimensional Ultrasound (3D US) has been developed to overcome these limitations and has been used to provide extended field of view images of the foetus and the heart and to obtain accurate volume measurements for organs. In this thesis it is hypothesized that 3D US can provide a more comprehensive method of imaging fracture repair than X-ray and is also a viable alternative to MR for determining muscle volumes in vivo. Initially, an electromagnetically (EM) tracked 3D US system was evaluated for clinical use using phantom-based experiments. It was found that the presence of metal objects in or near the EM field caused distortion and resulted in errors in the volume measurements of phantoms of up to ±20%. An optically tracked system was also evaluated and it was found that length measurements of a phantom could be made to within ±1.3%. Fracture repair was monitored in five patients with lower limb fractures. Signs of healing were visible earlier on 3D US with a notable, although variable, lag between callus development on X-ray compared to 3D US. 3D US provided a clearer view of callus formation and the changes in density of the callus as it matured. Additional information gained by applying image processing methods to the 3D US data was used to develop a measure of callus density and to identify the frequency dependent appearance of the callus. Volume measurements of the rectus femoris quadricep muscle were obtained using 3DUS from eleven healthy volunteers and were validated against volume measurements derived using MR. The mean difference between muscle volume measurements obtained using 3D US and MR was 0.53 cm3 with a standard deviation of 1.09 cm3 and 95% confidence intervals of 0.20 - 1.27 cm3 In conclusion, 3D US demonstrates great potential as a tool for imaging components of the musculoskeletal system and as means of measuring callus density.
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Onsbring, Gustafson Henning. "Formation of the musculoskeletal system during the craniofacial development of zebrafish." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-230428.
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The musculoskeletal system supports the internal structures of the body and consists of bones, ligaments, muscles and tendons. This system forms during early embryonic development, a process where many components today are unknown. In order to get a better understanding for those developmental steps, fluorescent in situ hybridisation has been performed on five genes. All five genes represent different transcription factors. These genes were selected based on the assumption that they could be important for the formation of the musculoskeletal system. After in situ hybridisation was performed, embryos were stained by immunohistochemistry to get a reference signal in the cartilage to enable easier interpretation of the expression pattern. In this study four of the selected transcription factors, Scleraxis a, Scleraxis b, Mohawk a and Mohawk b turned out to be expressed close to points where muscles are attached to the cartilage elements in the zebrafish head. Therefore, these genes are good candidates for future functional studies of muscle attachment development.
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Chen, Lin. "Dynamic analysis of musculoskeletal system performances during human standing and walking." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2013. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/dynamic-analysis-of-musculoskeletal-system-performances-during-human-standing-and-walking(e1f81cce-cf44-4f62-99e7-0a1d104bc797).html.
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The objective of this thesis is to develop the computational methodologies for investigating the musculoskeletal system performance during human standing and walking, which can lead to a better understanding of the musculoskeletal functions in standing balance and locomotion, and hence to improve clinical diagnosis, treatments and also rehabilitation interventions. Firstly, an improved Hill-type muscle model was developed to describe the dynamic response of a musculotendon unit subjected to neural excitation by considering more physiological characteristics of skeletal muscles. The dynamic process from neural input through to muscular force generation was represented using two processes: neural excitation dynamics and muscle activation dynamics. The improved muscle model has been used throughout the thesis for musculoskeletal analysis. An inverted pendulum model driven by a pair of antagonistic muscles was developed to stimulate human standing in the sagittal plane. A set of dynamic simulations has been used to investigate the effect of muscle intrinsic properties on system stability. It is found that the force-velocity relationship of the muscle contractile element has the most significant impact on the dynamic stability of the musculoskeletal system. Thereafter, a musculoskeletal model with six ankle flexor and extensor muscles, which was combined with a multi-objective optimization scheme had been constructed to investigate the interplay between energy cost and body stability during standing balance. The simulation results suggest that there is a very strong dependence between energy expenditure and body stability during standing postural control, and energy expenditure appears to be a primary consideration in standing balance. To simulate human walking biomechanics, a three-dimensional musculoskeletal model with 13 body segments and 98 muscle groups was constructed using OpenSim software. The gait measurement database provided by Grant Challenge Competition was used to support the modelling. A set of bone scaling and inverse kinematics procedures was used to refine the model to fit the subject-specific anthropometric and kinematic dataset. The refined model generated reasonable muscle moment arm and net muscle moment data over a complete walking cycle. Finally, a novel computational framework has been developed to evaluate the mechanical loadings at each individual skeletal muscle group during human walking by integrating a forward dynamics formulation of the muscle contraction dynamics into an inverse dynamics based static optimization scheme. The experimental validation against the measured force sensor data suggested that the approach proposed here provided more accurate estimation of the muscular loadings than the conventional static optimization method and also the OpenSim software.
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Sacco, John D. "Validation of a System to Analyze Jump Kinetics during Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1248456224.
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Stover, Bert D. "Validation and evaluation of a disability measure for upper extremity musculoskeletal disorder screening in the workplace and prognostic factors of long-term disability /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5407.
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Hungenahalli, Shivanna Bharath. "Musculoskeletal Modeling of Ballet." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Mekanik och hållfasthetslära, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-171924.
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This thesis work comprises the working and simulation procedures being involved in simulating motion capture data in AnyBody Modeling System. The motion capture data used in this thesis are ballet movements from dancers of Östgöta ballet and dance academy. The ballet movements taken into consideration are the arabesque on demi-pointe and pirouette. The arabesque on demi-pointe was performed by two dancers but the pirouette is performed by only one dancer. The method involved recording ballet movements by placing markers on the dancer's body and using this motion capture data as input to AnyBody Modeling System to create a musculoskeletal simulation. The musculoskeletal modeling involved creating a very own Qualisys marker protocol for the markers placed on the ballet dancers. Then implementing the marker protocol onto a human model in AnyBody Modeling System by making use of the AnyBody Managed Modeling Repository (TM) and obtain the kinematics from the motion capture. To best fit the human model to the dancer's anthropometry, scaling of the human model is done, environmental conditions such as the force plates are provided. An optimization algorithm is conducted for the marker positions to best fit the dancer's anthropometry by running parameter identification. From the kinematics of the motion capture data, we simulate the inverse dynamics in AnyBody Modeling System. The simulations explain a lot of parameters that describe the ballet dancers. Results such as the center of mass, the center of pressure, muscle activation, topple angle are presented and discussed. Moreover, we compare the models of the dancers and draw conclusions about body balance, effort level, and muscles activated during the ballet movements.
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Nye, G. "Establishment of a functional musculoskeletal test system in mice to determine the effects of possible interventions on age-related musculoskeletal dysfunction." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2017. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3009447/.
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The age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function is a key contributor to physical frailty in older individuals. In addition to this, the increased development of bone and joint disorders such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis with ageing present a complex problem. Current understanding of the mechanisms responsible for age-related musculoskeletal deterioration is poor. The overall aims of this study were to integrate methods of measuring and visualising age-related changes in musculoskeletal tissues in a mouse model of ageing and to test a range of differing potential interventions known to protect individual tissues during ageing on the whole musculoskeletal system. Data demonstrated that C57Bl6 mice are a reliable model to study ageing, particularly in muscle and bone (Muscle mass reduced by ~40% and trabecular bone halved between 3 and 28 months of age); however these mice did not demonstrate evidence of any gross changes in the hind limb joints or tendons. C57Bl/6 mice were supplemented dietary sodium nitrate for either a short (18-24 months old) or longer (9 to 24 months old) to determine whether supplementation at key stages of development of musculoskeletal tissue dysfunction would result in preservation of muscle or bone without the need for more invasive treatment. No significant differences were reported in the long term treatment, however short-term treatments of mice with nitrate resulted in a significant decrease in muscle mass and function and this was associated with changes in trabecular bone disputing our initial hypothesis. HSP10 overexpression in muscles of mice has been shown to preserve muscle force generation and cross-sectional area in old mice previously. As proof of principle, the direct effect of such preservation of muscle on bone was tested. Preservation of muscle was evident as in the previous study; however, little effect of this was seen on bone disputing the dominant role the muscle has over bone tissue. A cohort of wild mice was then used to challenge the widely used Bl/6 mouse model and demonstrated substantial spontaneous deterioration of joint tissues as well as increased loss of muscle and bone tissue compared to the Bl/6 mice. These results indicated a possible altered ageing process in the lab bred C57Bl/6 mouse which may impact the research using them.
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Zwart, Maarten Frans. "Structural and functional plasticity in the Drosophila larval locomotor circuit." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252285.
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Hummel, Pieter. "Changes in posture during pregnancy /." Woerden : Sterprint Offset, 1987. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/29632.
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Wilborn, Colin D. Willoughby Darryn Scott. "Effects of low- and high-intensity resistance exercise on skeletal muscle specific transcription factor activity and myosin heavy chain gene expression in males." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/4882.
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Xia, Jinjun. "Optical characterization of skeletal muscles." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5965.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.<br>The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on October 18, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Burchfield, Daniel Mark. "The mechanics and energetics of crossbridge cycling and energetics of calcium cycling in isometric contractions of frog skeletal muscle /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487324944213187.
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Kramer, Patricia Ann. "Locomotor energetics and limb length in hominid bipedality /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6428.
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Garner, Brian Alan. "A Musculoskeletal model of the upper limb based on the medical image dataset of the visible human male /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Richards, Christopher. "Comparison of knee contact force between subjects with varying osteoarthritis severities." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file,92 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1889099091&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Fleming, Hunter. "Approach to a Performance-Related Musculoskeletal Disorder in a Drummer." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2020/presentations/23.
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Performance-related musculoskeletal disorders in musicians are common due to the biomechanics required in their craft. Unfortunately, injuries can cause many to abandon music, so determining the best approach to treatment and prevention is key. This case study’s importance is to evaluate the optimal approach to carpal tunnel syndrome in a drummer. The patient is a 55-year-old male full-time drummer with a history of diabetes mellitus and osteoarthritis, who presented to clinic with chronic bilateral hand numbness and tingling that had been present for years. The location of the symptoms were mainly in the palmar aspect of the 1st digit, 2nd digit, 3rd digit, and the radial side of the 4th digit. The symptoms had progressively been worsening, and his discomfort was initially rated at a 10/10 bilaterally. He had tried over-the-counter and prescription anti-inflammatory medications as well as braces without improvement. His physical exam was positive for Tinel’s sign. The diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome was eventually made. The patient was treated with bilateral ultrasound-guided carpal tunnel injections with lidocaine and methylprednisolone. The other component of treatment was relative rest, which allowed us to tailor treatment to his drumming. After treatment, his discomfort was rated at 0/10 bilaterally, and he was drumming without issue. It was found that relative rest and carpal tunnel injections are effective in treating carpal tunnel syndrome in drummers. His treatment was tailored to his specific instrument type, which was a key component to the success. Upon review, there is limited to no specific information on treating drummers as a specific group in the literature, but rather more information on treating musicians as a whole. Different instrumentalists have different postures and repetitive movements, so future studies would do well to examine the individual biomechanics of the different instrumentalists to better tailor treatment and prevention.
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Yung, Stephanie C. "The Effect of Robotic Assistance on Human Musculoskeletal System for Reaching Tasks." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10603846.
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<p> Due to the rising number of stroke victims, the demand for reduced cost and effective treatments for recovering patients increases. To offset this need, previous studies introduced robotic assistance to rehabilitation treatments. This study investigates how much robotic assistance affects the patient by analyzing the differences in muscle activity. From the collected experimental data of ten healthy subjects, the results initially inferred that the end position of the reaching movements affected the muscle activity in biceps and triceps only, while the deltoid was not affected. However, after applying ANOVA one-way analyses, robotic assistance was found to have an impact on the deltoid, triceps, and bicep muscles when subjects moved their hands along an indirect trajectory towards nine targets. Meanwhile, only the bicep was affected when subjects moved their arm in a direct path with assistance. Lastly, the impact that the trajectory of the hand movement had on muscle activity was undetermined.</p><p>
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Fortier, Michelle D. "Physical activity, musculoskeletal fitness, and weight gain in the Canadian population." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0016/MQ59170.pdf.
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Brusky, Paula. "Performance Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Bassoon Players." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5136.
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Performance related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs) are a frequent reality for practicing musicians. Many aspects of the bassoon make bassoon players particularly susceptible to PRMDs. This thesis explored the prevalence of PRMDs among bassoon players and assessed the frequency, types, and locations of PRMDs. Also identified were treatments used for PRMDs, contributing factors to PRMD development, and the perceptions of the bassoon community regarding PRMDs. The International Bassoonist Questionnaire was distributed via the World Wide Web (n = 166, 58% male, 42% female). Eighty-six percent of bassoon players reported PRMDs. Pain was the most common PRMD symptom reported (78%). Females reported PRMDs (96%) more frequently than males (78%). Younger bassoon players reported more PRMDs. Most bassoon players (88%) were attempting to treat their PRMDs. The most common self-administered treatments were rest (60%) and reducing playing time (53%). Bassoonists attributed the cause of PRMDs to “long hours of practice” and “sudden increase in playing time.” Bassoon players felt strongly that the medical profession did not know how to treat a bassoon related injury. They believed that a knowledgeable teacher was the best resource against the onset of PRMDs even though technical aspects of playing were not identified as significant contributors to PRMDs. The bassoon playing population needs more information about PRMDs in order to develop treatment and prevention strategies.
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Brusky, Paula. "Performance Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Bassoon Players." University of Sydney, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5136.
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PhD in Performance<br>Performance related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs) are a frequent reality for practicing musicians. Many aspects of the bassoon make bassoon players particularly susceptible to PRMDs. This thesis explored the prevalence of PRMDs among bassoon players and assessed the frequency, types, and locations of PRMDs. Also identified were treatments used for PRMDs, contributing factors to PRMD development, and the perceptions of the bassoon community regarding PRMDs. The International Bassoonist Questionnaire was distributed via the World Wide Web (n = 166, 58% male, 42% female). Eighty-six percent of bassoon players reported PRMDs. Pain was the most common PRMD symptom reported (78%). Females reported PRMDs (96%) more frequently than males (78%). Younger bassoon players reported more PRMDs. Most bassoon players (88%) were attempting to treat their PRMDs. The most common self-administered treatments were rest (60%) and reducing playing time (53%). Bassoonists attributed the cause of PRMDs to “long hours of practice” and “sudden increase in playing time.” Bassoon players felt strongly that the medical profession did not know how to treat a bassoon related injury. They believed that a knowledgeable teacher was the best resource against the onset of PRMDs even though technical aspects of playing were not identified as significant contributors to PRMDs. The bassoon playing population needs more information about PRMDs in order to develop treatment and prevention strategies.
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Dillard, E. Margo (Edna Margo). "An Epidemiological Survey of Musculoskeletal Pain Among a Self-Selected Population of Organists." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc935779/.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate problem areas of organists' performance as indicated by common experiences of pain. The research problems were to determine the specific areas of the body that were affected by pain, to determine the perceived level of that pain on a scale indicative of its severity, and to explore the relationship between demographic and performance-related factors within the population and specific area of reported pain. An examination of the demographic, performance-related, and pain data, as well as subject comments, indicated possible relationships of the pain experience to other factors. Organists attributed their pain to instrument characteristics, such as keyboard action, music rack height, bench design, and pedalboard shape. Pain was also associated with the time spent playing the organ, playing literature which required large reaches and rapid passage work, such as french toccatas, or playing with incorrect posture. To explore these relationships to spinal and upper extremity pain, further research is indicated.
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Johansson, Jan Å. "Psychosocial factors at work and their relation to musculoskeletal symptoms." Lund : Dept. of Psychology, Göteborg University, 1994. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/39775906.html.
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Pierce, Janine E. (Janine Elizabeth) 1980. "Coordinate system dependence of muscle forces predicted using optimization methods in musculoskeletal joints." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/27119.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2004.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 143-147).<br>Optimization methods are widely used to predict in-vivo muscle forces in musculoskeletal joints. Moment equilibrium at the joint center (usually defined as the origin of the joint coordinate system) has been used as a constraint condition for optimization procedures and the joint reaction moments were assumed to be zero. This research project, through the use of a three-dimensional elbow model, investigated the effect of joint center location on muscle forces predicted using a nonlinear static optimization method. The results demonstrated that moving the joint center medially and laterally along the flexion-extension axis caused dramatic variations in the predicted muscle forces. For example, moving the joint center from a position 5 mm medial to 5 mm lateral of the geometric elbow center caused the predicted biceps force to vary from 12% to 46% and the brachialis force to vary from 80% to 34% of the total muscle loading. The joint reaction force reduced by 24% with this medial to lateral variation of the joint center location. This data revealed that the muscle forces predicted using optimization methods are sensitive to the joint center location due to the zero joint reaction moment assumption in the moment constraint condition. For accurate prediction of muscle load distributions using optimization methods, it is necessary to determine the true joint center location where the condition of a zero joint reaction moment is satisfied. Furthermore, improvements to the current optimization methodology were suggested. Incorporation of the 3D joint center location, as three unknown variables, into the optimization program was proposed, and this procedure was investigated for a pilot case incorporating one of the joint center components (y-axis variable) into the optimization.<br>(cont.) This thesis work indicates that all previously published data on muscle and joint loads predicted via optimization methods should be revisited since the joint reaction moment was eliminated in those works.<br>by Janine E. Pierce.<br>S.M.
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Zheng, Jianian. "A Classification and Visualization System for Lower-Limb Activities Analysis With Musculoskeletal Modeling." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1586094993458825.
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McKay, Johnathan Lucas. "Neuromechanical constraints and optimality for balance." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34669.
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Although people can typically maintain balance on moving trains, or press the appropriate button on an elevator with little conscious effort, the apparent ease of these sensorimotor tasks is courtesy of neural mechanisms that continuously interpret many sensory input signals to activate muscles throughout the body. The overall hypothesis of this work is that motor behaviors emerge from the interacting constraints and features of the nervous and musculoskeletal systems. The nervous system may simplify the control problem by recruiting muscles in groups called muscle synergies rather than individually. Because muscles cannot be recruited individually, muscle synergies may represent a neural constraint on behavior. However, the constraints of the musculoskeletal system and environment may also contribute to determining motor behaviors, and so must be considered in order to identify and interpret muscle synergies.
Here, I integrated techniques from musculoskeletal modeling, control systems engineering, and data analysis to identify neural and biomechanical constraints that determine the muscle activity and ground reaction forces during the automatic postural response (APR) in cats. First, I quantified the musculoskeletal constraints on force production during postural tasks in a detailed, 3D musculoskeletal model of the cat hindlimb. I demonstrated that biomechanical constraints on force production in the isolated hindlimb do not uniquely determine the characteristic patterns of force activity observed during the APR. However, when I constrained the muscles in the model to activate in a few muscle synergies based on experimental data, the force production capability drastically changed, exhibiting a characteristic rotation with the limb axis as the limb posture was varied that closely matched experimental data. Finally, after extending the musculoskeletal model to be quadrupedal, I simulated the optimal feedforward control of individual muscles or muscle synergies to regulate the center of mass (CoM) during the postural task. I demonstrated that both muscle synergy control and optimal muscle control reproduced the characteristic force patterns observed during postural tasks. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the nervous system may use a low-dimension control scheme based on muscle synergies to approximate the optimal motor solution for the postural task given the constraints of the musculoskeletal system.
One primary contribution of this work was to demonstrate that the influences of biomechanical mechanisms in determining motor behaviors may be unclear in reduced models, a factor that may need to be considered in other studies of motor control. The biomechanical constraints on force production in the isolated hindlimb did not predict the stereotypical forces observed during the APR unless a muscle synergy organization was imposed, suggesting that neural constraints were critical in resolving musculoskeletal redundancy during the postural task. However, when the model was extended to represent the quadrupedal system in the context of the task, the optimal control of the musculoskeletal system predicted experimental force patterns in the absence of neural constraints.
A second primary contribution of this work was to test predictions concerning muscle synergies developed in theoretical neuromechanical models in the context of a natural behavior, suggesting that these concepts may be generally useful for understanding motor control. It has previously been shown in abstract neuromechanical models that low-dimension motor solutions such as muscle synergies can emerge from the optimal control of individual muscles. This work demonstrates for the first time that low-dimension motor solutions can emerge from optimal muscle control in the context of a natural behavior and a realistic musculoskeletal model. This work also represents the first explicit comparison of muscle synergy control and optimal muscle control during a natural behavior. It demonstrates that an explicit low-dimension control scheme based on muscle synergies is competent for performance of the postural task across biomechanical conditions, and in fact, may approximate the motor solution predicted by optimal muscle control.
This work advances our understanding how the constraints and features of the nervous and musculoskeletal systems interact to produce motor behaviors. In the future, this understanding may inform improved clinical interventions, prosthetic applications, and the general design of distributed, hierarchal systems.
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Katta, Anjaiah. "Lean and obese zucker rats exhibit different patterns of p70S6kinase regulation in the tibialis anterior muscle in response to high force muscle contraction." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2007. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=814.
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Menzel, Nancy Nivison. "Manual Handling Workload and Musculoskeletal Discomfort in Nursing Personnel." [Tampa, Fla. : s.n.], 2001. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000020.
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Watt, Kevin. "Regualtion of myogenesis and skeletal muscle size by the myostatin-Smad and mammalian Hippo signalling transduction pathways." Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=62160.
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Farmer, Cortney, Chase King, and Zachary Sumpter. "Educate allopathic and osteopathic residents on OMT fundamentals and indications / contraindications." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/241.
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The purpose of this QI project is to educate current allopathic and osteopathic residents on the fundamentals of OMT as well as appropriate indications and contraindications for osteopathic manipulation therapy. In order to accomplish this goal, we propose to administer a pretest before giving a presentation on fundamentals of OMT and appropriate OMT referrals. Afterwards, we will perform a posttest to see if there was a significant increase in overall scores from the residents. We will then compile the scores into a spreadsheet and using data analysis, evaluate to see if current residents have had a significant improvement in overall knowledge of OMT fundamentals, indications and contraindications.
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Spielholz, Peregrin. "A comparison of upper extremity physical risk factor measurement methods /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8468.
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Brandon, Katie. "Validation of a risk assessment model to quantify the occurance of work related musculoskeletal disorders." Thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2002. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-07052002-223150.
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Vickerton, Paula. "Morphological, histological and biomechanical adaptation of the rat musculoskeletal system to electrical muscle stimulation." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2014. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2010684/.
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Musculoskeletal tissues exhibit a remarkable extent of plasticity throughout life, with tissues continually able to adapt in line with functional demands. As the skeleton plays a major structural role, its form is profoundly influenced by its mechanical environment, which is largely determined by muscular contraction. Despite the clear functional link between muscle and bone relatively little is known about the biomechanical relationship between these tissues. This thesis therefore focuses upon the use of implantable neuromuscular stimulators to provide controlled muscular mechanical stimuli. Stimulators were implanted into Wistar rats, inducing muscular contraction every 30 seconds for 28 days. Following stimulation, microCT, histology, and nanoindentation were used to establish changes occurring at the micro and macro-scale in muscle and skeletal architecture. Analysis revealed a localised region of extensive bone growth, with significant increases in cross-sectional area (28.61%, p<0.05) and bone volume (30.29%, p<0.05) in the stimulated limb. Bone growth was confined to the region which showed peak strain (640μƐ +30.4μƐ). Histology targeted to this region showed clusters of chondrocytes within this new bone growth, possibly indicative of growth via an endochondral process. This region showed a correspondingly low elastic modulus (8.8+2.2 GPa) when compared with established cortical bone (20+1.4 GPa). To investigate the biomechanical impact of the structural differences in control and stimulated tibiae microCT data were used to construct computational models. Models were used to simulate force propagation throughout the bones in response to muscular contraction. In addition, models were created to investigate the impact of muscle force, bone material properties and bone geometry. The addition of a layer of newly deposited, nascent bone to this region increased effective strain by 8-28% and reduced effective stress by 37-44%. Complete mineralisation of the nascent bone region combined with associated reductions of muscle force production, yielded a significant decrease in both effective strain and stress. This thesis has demonstrated a rapid and profound skeletal and muscular response to sustained muscle contractions. As such it is a potent reminder of core ideas concerning the significance of interactions amongst tissues in determining overall musculoskeletal form.
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Fry, William Mark. "K+ channels in Xenopus skeletal muscle /." St. John's NF : [s.n.], 2001.
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