Relevant bibliographies by topics / Defects in concrete

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Academic literature on the topic 'Defects in concrete'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 27 July 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Defects in concrete"

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Milovanović, Bojan, Mergim Gaši, and Sanjin Gumbarević. "Principal Component Thermography for Defect Detection in Concrete." Sensors 20, no. 14 (July 13, 2020): 3891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20143891.

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The goal of the condition assessment of concrete structures is to gain an insight into current condition of concrete and the existence of defects, which decrease durability and usability of the structure. Defects are quite difficult to detect using infrared thermography when concrete elements cannot be thermally excited with the Sun, together with unfavorable thermophysical properties of concrete structures. In this paper, principal component thermography (PCT) is applied as a post-processing method to a sequence of thermograms in order to enhance defect detectability in concrete structures. Defects are detected by analyzing a set of empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs), which were acquired by applying principal component analysis to a sequence of thermograms. The research was performed using concrete samples containing known defects, which were tested using a step heating thermography setup. The results of presented research show that PCT is an effective post-processing method to improve defect detection in concrete structures. By effectively improving the defect detection, PCT has a potential to improve the non-destructive testing (NDT) accuracy of using infrared thermography (IRT) on concrete structures, especially in shaded areas of such structures. The research also shows the defect detectability depending on concrete type thermal excitation setup and defect geometry.
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Wen, Bo, Zhenwei Zhou, Bin Zeng, Caiqian Yang, Da Fang, Qing Xu, Yanchao Shao, and Chunfeng Wan. "Pulse-heating infrared thermography inspection of bonding defects on carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites." Science Progress 103, no. 3 (July 2020): 003685042095013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0036850420950131.

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Non-destructive analysis of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites is important for confirming the long-term safety and durability of concrete structures. In this study, a pulse-heating infrared thermography technique was used to detect and characterize bonding defects of externally bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) on concrete surface structures. The CFRP composite contains various bonding defects of three different sizes located at five different depths. Sequential thermal images were obtained to describe the temperature contrast and shapes of the bonding defects. Through analysis of the maximum temperature response, we investigated the effects of defect size and depth on the defect temperature response. The relationship between the defect depth and maximum temperature response was used to quantitatively estimate the defect depth. In addition, finite element simulations were performed on the CFRP composites with bonding defects to investigate the temperature response of various defects, which showed good agreement with the experimental results. This confirms the effectiveness of the infrared thermography method to detect and characterize bonding defects of FRP composites bonded on concrete structures.
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Liu, De Zhi, Jian Min Ren, and Yang Yang. "Ultrasonic Sector Scanning Method in the Application of the Accurate Determination of the Concrete Bored Pile Defect Position." Advanced Materials Research 430-432 (January 2012): 1128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.430-432.1128.

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Based on the detection of cast-in-place concrete defects of bored pile as the research object, the scale of the commonly used method for measuring the determination of the defect position, which can't determine the accurate range is very large defect location of the problem, taking the first measurement method, planing initially determined by fan scanning method to determine the accurate out concrete piles defect position method, and digging pile defect position after the actual situation comparison of verifying test, test results are accurate effect and good. In the concrete bored piles detection, the level measurement method that ultrasonic testing is generally used for measuring the location range of the defects inspects too large range , which brings the inspection people can't determine the accurate defect position , affects the normal construction. Based on the engineering practice of using level measuring method and fan scanning technique combining detection methods to solve the determination on the accurate location of the defects in concrete bored piles.
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Fujii, Hiromitsu, Atsushi Yamashita, and Hajime Asama. "Boosting-based Visualization of Concrete Defects for Hammering Inspection." Abstracts of the international conference on advanced mechatronics : toward evolutionary fusion of IT and mechatronics : ICAM 2015.6 (2015): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicam.2015.6.55.

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Qin, Renyuan, Denvid Lau, Lik-ho Tam, Tiejun Liu, Dujian Zou, and Ao Zhou. "Experimental Investigation on Interfacial Defect Criticality of FRP-Confined Concrete Columns." Sensors 19, no. 3 (January 24, 2019): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19030468.

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Defects between fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) and repaired concrete components may easily come out due to misoperation during manufacturing, environmental deterioration, or impact from external load during service life. The defects may cause a degraded structure performance and even the unexpected structural failure. Different non-destructive techniques (NDTs) and sensors have been developed to assess the defects in FRP bonded system. The information of linking up the detected defects by NDTs and repair schemes is needed by assessing the criticality of detected defects. In this study, FRP confined concrete columns with interfacial defects were experimentally tested to determine the interfacial defect criticality on structural performance. It is found that interfacial defect can reduce the FRP confinement effectiveness, and ultimate strength and its corresponding strain of column deteriorate significantly if the interfacial defect area is larger than 50% of total confinement area. Meanwhile, proposed analytical model considering the defect ratio is validated for the prediction of stress–strain behavior of FRP confined columns. The evaluation of defect criticality could be made by comparing predicted stress–strain behavior with the original design to determine corresponding maintenance strategies.
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Zhao, Guoqi, Di Zhang, Lu Zhang, and Ben Wang. "Detection of Defects in Reinforced Concrete Structures Using Ultrasonic Nondestructive Evaluation with Piezoceramic Transducers and the Time Reversal Method." Sensors 18, no. 12 (November 28, 2018): 4176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18124176.

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Reinforced concrete is of vital importance in many civil and industrial structural applications. The effective bonding between steel and concrete is the core guarantee of the safe operation of the structures. Corrosion or other interface debonding in steel-concrete is a typical failure mode during the long service period of the structures, which can severely reduce the load-bearing capacity. The Non-destructive Evaluation technique has been applied to civil engineering structures in recent years. This paper investigates the evaluation of reinforced concrete structures that have interface defects, including the cross-sectional loss and cracks, by using the piezoceramic induced ultrasonic wave and time reversal method. Ultrasonic wave is used as actuating wave to obtain the signals with defect information. Time reversal method is applied to localize and characterize defect along the interface of the steel-concrete and to image the defect through the cross-sectional scanning. Experiments were conducted to perform Nondestructive Evaluation by using six reinforced concrete components with different levels of defects. The invisible damages were made by the cutting part of the steel and embedding a table tennis ball inside concrete structures. The results show that the time reversed method can locate and evaluate the defects along the steel reinforced concrete, and the obtained defect images at the cross-section of the concrete structure are accurate.
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Zou, Zhong Quan, Xu Wang, and Zhi Mei Wang. "Application of Ultrasonic Testing in Concrete Filled Steel Tubular Arch Bridge." Advanced Materials Research 639-640 (January 2013): 1025–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.639-640.1025.

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Concrete Filled Steel Tube(CFST) is widely used in civil engineering structures because of its superior mechanical performance. Yet the mechanical behavior of CFST is highly depended on the construction quality of the filled concrete. Hence it is very important for the inspection of the construction quality of the filled concrete in CFST structures. In this paper, the ultrasonic testing technique was used to detect the defect of the filled concrete of a CFST arch bridge. During the inspection, the ultrasonic transducer was moved along the circumference of the cross-section of the arch, and the defect of the concrete was comprehensively judged by detecting the change of sonic time, sonic amplitude and sonic frequency. Based on the analysis of the ultrasonic transmission path, the influences of different defects on the sonic time, sonic amplitude and sonic frequency were discussed. The detecting results were verified by core-drilling method. The verification showed that different kinds of defects defected by ultrasonic testing was in good accordance with the drilling samples, which demonstrates the adaptability of the ultrasonic detection technique in the construction quality inspection of CFST structures.
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An, Van Viet Thien. "The assessment of concrete quality by ultrasonic pulse velocity." Journal of Science and Technology in Civil Engineering (STCE) - NUCE 12, no. 5 (August 30, 2018): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31814/stce.nuce2018-12(5)-03.

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In the present study, the uniformity and potential internal defects of concrete elements in situ were assessed by using Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) testing method according to TCVN 9357:2012. Thirteen cross beams with dimension of 4.8 x 1.5 x 1.5 m3 were selected to measure the pulse velocity. Three cross beams were used to check potential internal defects in concrete and 10 cross beams were used to assess the uniformity of concrete in the elements. The results showed that there is no potential internal defect with size over 100 mm in three tested beams and concrete quality of all tested beams is good with the coefficient of variation (CV) of ultrasonic pulse velocity results of all tested points is lower than 2%. Keywords: concrete; homogeneity; internal defects; ultrasonic pulse velocity.
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Tazawa, E. "Defects in Concrete and Countermeasures." Concrete Journal 37, no. 10 (1999): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3151/coj1975.37.10_3.

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Li, Zuohua, Lilin Zheng, Chaojun Chen, Zhili Long, and Ying Wang. "Ultrasonic Detection Method for Grouted Defects in Grouted Splice Sleeve Connector Based on Wavelet Pack Energy." Sensors 19, no. 7 (April 6, 2019): 1642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19071642.

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Grouted splice sleeve (GSS) connectors are mainly used in precast concrete structures. However, errors in manual operation during construction cause grouted defects in the GSS connector, which can lead to a negative effect on the overall mechanical properties of the structures. Owing to the complex structure of precast concrete members with a GSS connector, it is difficult to detect grouted defects effectively using traditional ultrasonic parameters. In this paper, a wavelet packet analysis algorithm was developed to effectively detect grouted defects using the ultrasonic method, and a verified experiment was carried out. Laboratory detection was performed on the concrete specimens with a GSS connector before grouting, in which the grouted defects were mimicked with five sizes in five GSS connectors of each specimen group. A simple and convenient ultrasonic detection system was developed, and the specimens were detected. According to the proposed grouted defect index, the results demonstrated that when the grouted defects reached certain sizes, the proposed method could detect the grouted defects effectively. The proposed method is effective and easy to implement at a construction site with simple instruments, and so provides an innovative method for grouted defects detection of precast concrete members.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Defects in concrete"

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Priyosulistyo, Henricus. "Detection of defects in concrete structures using vibration technique." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1992. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21555.

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This thesis investigates the dynamic behaviour of reinforced concrete beams as they are loaded to failure. Four beams have been investigated. Two types of crack pattern and two types or reinforcement pattern were the main variable parameters. Partially bonded reinforcement as artificially created (by greasing the bars) and positioned at the center third span in two of the four beams investigated. The remaining two beams had conventional bonded reinforcement. Flexural and diagonal splitting patterns were created by loading mechanisms individually applied on two beams of each type of reinforcement. Stage by stage application of static loadings was used. Steady state vibration tests were applied at prior to loadings the beams and at several load stages as gradually increasing defects occurred. There are four parts to this investigation and these are presented in this thesis. The first part investigates the accuracy of several techniques dealing with signal parameters from a digital response spectrum in the signal processing. A logic geometry was developed and was applied on the line spectra of the response spectrum. Numerical evaluation found that the error induced in the proposed technique decreased exponentially with increasing numbers of cycles. A maximum of 0.17% errors may exist when examining 100 cycles of the frequency of interest. A regression analysis was used to achieve further accuracy of the results. The second part investigates the jump phenomenon of mechanical exciters and the sharp drop phenomenon of magnetic exciters. Both of which may confuse the analysis of structural dynamic behaviour. By accounting for the stiffness of the magnetic field of the magnetic exciter in a mathematical model, the jump phenomena was shown to be due to the effect of the reflected force in the excited structure. Practical equations were also proposed to relate absolute to relative parameters. The third part of the thesis concerns the algorithms required in filter processing and includes the development of a computer solution. Two algorithms were developed to obtain coefficients of a polynomial equation which was set up from elementary equations and from a rational function respectively. The algorithms were simple and easy to program. The last part of the thesis discusses the detection of flexural and diagonal splitting defects and non-linear behaviour of the beams during the vibration tests. Static and dynamic comparisons are also discussed. Based on the characteristics of the polar diagrams it was found that several possible types of non-linear damping were demonstrated in the experiments. The typical viscous and non-linear higher polynomial damping existed mostly in the models although the crack pattern and intensity of cracks contributed to changes in the type of damping. In addition the beam models in almost all conditions showed non-linear soft spring behaviour. Diagonal splitting crack patterns can be idenuried from a small decrease of resonant frequency and from the sharp drop of resonant amplitude. The presence of single deep cracks greatly reduced the stiffness. The experiments show that a sharp decrease of resonant frequency indicates that a large amount of residual strain exists. It is concluded that defects of the reinforced concrete beams can be identified from the changes of the dynamic parameters using the proper digital signal analyses. The jump phenomenon is shown to be due to the effect of the reflected force on the moving exciter mass rather than due to the presence of the non-linear soft spring system.
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Xia, Xiahua. "Acoustic resonance spectroscopy (ARS) of concrete components." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267620.

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Schurr, Dennis Patrick. "Monitoring damage in concrete using diffuse ultrasonic coda wave interferometry." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37237.

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The prevalence of concrete and cement-based materials in the civil infrastructure plus the risk of failure makes structural health monitoring an important issue in the understanding of the complete life cycle of civil structures. Correspondingly, the field of nondestructive evaluation (NDE) has been maturing and now concentrates on the detection of flaws and defects, as well as material damage in early stages of degradation. This defect detection is typically usually done by looking at the impulse response of the medium in question such as a cement-based material. The impulse response of a solid can be used to image a complex medium. Classically, the waveform is obtained by an active setup: an ultrasonic signal is generated at one location and recorded at another location. The waveform obtained from imaging can be used to quantitatively characterize the medium, for example by calculating the material's diffusivity coefficient or dissipation rate. In recent years, a different monitoring technique has been developed in seismology to measure the velocity of different kinds of waves, the Coda Wave Interferometry (CWI). In this CWI technique, the main focus is given to the late part of the recorded waveform, the coda. CWI is now successfully used in seismology and acoustics. In the current research, CWI is applied on concrete in different damage states to develop basic knowledge of the behavior of the wave velocity, and how it can be used to characterize cement-based materials. By comparing two impulse responses, the relative velocity change between the two impulse responses is used to characterize damage. Because of the stress-dependency of the velocity change, the calculations can also be used to directly calculate the Murnaghan's and Lam´e's coefficients. The newer technique of CWI is applied - the Stretching Technique (ST) [27]. The first goal of this research is to establish the viability of using CWI in cement-based materials. Next, we use the ST in the application of stress as we compress concrete samples for the detection of thermal damage, ASR-damage and mechanical softening.
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Chen, Justin Gejune. "Detection of defects in FRP-reinforced concrete with the acoustic-laser vibrometry method." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79423.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2013.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 165-168).
Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) strengthening and retrofitting of concrete structural elements has become increasingly popular for civil infrastructure systems. When defects occur in FRP-reinforced concrete elements at the FRP-concrete interface, such as voids or delamination, FRP obscures the defect such that visual detection may not be possible. Most currently available non-destructive testing (NDT) methods rely on physical contact; an NDT method that is capable of remotely assessing damage would be greatly advantageous. A novel approach called the acoustic-laser vibrometry method which is capable of remote assessment of damage in FRP-reinforced concrete, is investigated in this thesis. It exploits the fact that areas where the FRP has debonded from concrete will vibrate excessively compared to intact material. In order to investigate this method, a laboratory system consisting of a commercial laser vibrometer system and conventional loudspeaker was used to perform tests with fabricated FRP-reinforced concrete specimens. The measurement results in the form of resonant frequencies were compared to those determined from theoretical and finite element defect models. With a series of measurements the vibrational mode shapes of defects and extent of the damage were imaged. The feasibility of the method was determined through a series of parametric studies, including sound pressure level (SPL), defect size, laser signal level, and angle of incidence. A preliminary Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was determined for the method, and future work involving the acoustic-laser vibrometry method is proposed.
by Justin Gejune Chen.
S.M.
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Moodi, Faramarz. "Development of a knowledge-based system for the repair and maintenance of concrete structures." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/481.

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Information Technology (IT) can exploit strategic opportunities for new ways of facilitating information and data exchange and the exchange of expert and specialist opinions in any field of engineering. Knowledge-Based Systems are sophisticated computer programs which store expert knowledge on specific subject and are applied to a broad range of engineering problems. Integrated Database applications have facilitated the essential capability of storing data to overcome an increasing information malaise. Integrating these areas of Information Technology (IT) can be used to bring a group of experts in any field of engineering closer together by allowing them to communicate and exchange information and opinions. The central feature of this research study is the integration of these hitherto separate areas of Information Technology (IT). In this thesis an adaptable Graphic User Interface Centred application comprising a Knowledge-Based Expert System (DEMARECEXPERT), a Database Management System (REPCON) and Evaluation program (ECON) alongside visualisation technologies is developed to produce an innovative platform which will facilitate and encourage the development of knowledge in concrete repair. Diagnosis, Evaluation, MAintenance and REpair of Concrete structures (DEMAREC) is a flexible application which can be used in four modes of Education, Diagnostic, Evaluation and Evolution. In the educational mode an inexperienced user can develop a better understanding of the repair of concrete technology by navigating through a database of textual and pictorial data. In the diagnostic mode, pictures and descriptive information taken from the database and performance of the expert system (DEMAREC-EXPERT) are used in a way that makes problem solving and decision making easier. The DEMAREC-EXPERT system is coupled to the REPCON (as an independent database) in order to provide the user with recommendations related to the best course required for maintenance and in the selection of materials and methods for the repair of concrete. In the evaluation mode the conditions observed are described in unambiguous terms that can be used by the user to be able to take engineering and management actions for the repair and maintenance of the structure. In the evolution mode of the application, the nature of distress, repair and maintenance of concrete structures within the extent of the database management system has been assessedT. he new methodology of data/usere valuation could have wider implications in many knowledge rich areas of expertise. The benefit of using REPCON lies in the enhanced levels of confidence which can be attributed to the data and to contribution of that data. Effectively, REPCON is designed to model a true evolution of a field of expertise but allows that expertise to move on in faster and more structured manner. This research has wider implications than within the realm of concrete repair. The methodology described in this thesis is developed to provide tecýnology transfer of information from experts, specialists to other practitioners and vice versa and it provides a common forum for communication and exchange information between them. Indeed, one of the strengths of the system is the way in which it allows the promotion and relegation of knowledge according to the opinion of users of different levels of ability from expert to novice. It creates a flexible environment in which an inexperienced user can develop his knowledge in maintenance and concrete repair structures. It is explained how an expert and a specialist can contribute his experience and knowledge towards improving and evolving the problem solving capability of the application.
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Muhenje, Mariura. "Applying the DER rating system for the visual assessment of defects on concrete dams." Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33840.

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NamWater is responsible for the management and maintenance of Namibia's main dams, amongst the many other infrastructure assets under their ownership. They have, as a result, devised asset management policies and practices with the aim of reaping the benefits of asset management. Additionally, they have aligned themselves with the current approaches to dam safety management in managing the dams. These current approaches do however not provide for a guided and standard approach when it comes to the visual assessment of surface defects on the dam elements. This may result in varying assessment outcomes from different individuals based on their differences in training and experience. The DER rating system used for the rating of defects on road structures, as input into the STRUMAN BMS used by SANRAL and other entities, provides for a standard approach to visually assessing the defects on these road structures. A study by Gombele (2017:79) has also demonstrated the possibility of using the DER rating system for the assessment of defects on cooling towers in a power generation environment. Additionally, the rating of defects can also play a role in dam risk determination, as demonstrated in the CIRIA 1 Project RP568 risk assessment methodology (Morris, Hewlett and Elliott, 2000:15). In quest for a standard and guided approach for visually assessing surface defects on dam elements, this study applied the DER rating on selected elements of three NamWater dams. The approach was by initially identifying dam elements that are deemed equivalent to the bridge items in the TMH19: Part A. There are variations in the design and functions of the dam elements versus those of bridge elements and thus the relevance of the defects may also vary for the two structure types. Thus, the focus of this study was on using the DER rating system to only assess the surface defects on the dam elements. This may be useful for the initial phase of a condition assessment for dams whereby it can provide a quantifiable indication of durability issues. While the study was able to demonstrate the possibility of using the DER rating system to assess defects such as cracks, spalling and erosion on the surfaces of dam elements, gaps where identified in its applicability. Only 33% of the bridge items in the TMH19: Part A were deemed relevant for the visual assessment of the dam items, coupled with the significant amount of U (unable to inspect) ratings given during the assessment. Furthermore, of the identified defects, a significant amount was given a low Relevancy rating (R) meaning that they are of a low relevance to the structural integrity of the dam structure. This may be due to the fact that the guiding tables used are originally for bridge items and thus not entirely suitable for dams. For the DER rating system to be applied extensively to dam items, defects that are specific to dam elements will therefore need to be incorporated into the guiding tables. Additionally, the weighting of the ratings for certain defects would need to be revised to specifically align with the consequence of the defect on the dam item. This process may require the compilation of a database of historical defects, guided by expert engineering judgement, to provide for guiding tables that are specific to dams. Assessment of more dams that vary in age, type, and performance may also be required to get a more diversified outcome of the applicability of the DER rating system on dams.
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Lacroix, Francis. "Non-Destructive Condition Assessment of Concrete Slabs with Artificial Defects Using Wireless Impact Echo." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41575.

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This thesis presents the development and validation of a new wireless Impact Echo (IE) system for condition assessment of reinforced concrete slabs. The new IE prototype was compared with other commercially available non-destructive testing (NDT) devices used for similar purposes, namely Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) and Ultrasonic Pulse Echo (UPE). Monitoring and structural inspections are critical to effective management of civil infrastructure and NDTs can enhance the quality of condition assessments by providing objective visualizations of the interior of a structural element. The IE method, first developed in the 1980s, has seen few advancements in the last 20 years. The method has been standardized and used on site, but the underlying technology has become outdated. The data obtained from the transducer is difficult to interpret and requires a computer to post-process it before being usable, thus limiting the direct feedback of the method when conducting tests on-site. Because of those limitations and the test being relatively more time consuming than other alternatives, the method is lacking in usability. A new prototype IE device was designed and built by the project industry partner, FPrimeC Solutions. The methodology followed the traditional approach, but it was designed to work with today’s technology. The device is operated wirelessly via a Bluetooth connection, uses smaller-sized electronic components, and connects with a user-friendly interface on a small tablet to set-up the tests and compute the results immediately. The first part of the project focused on product development by testing iterations of the prototype and providing user feedback to improve the device and accompanying software. The second part of the project aimed to validate the new technology using a set of three large reinforced concrete slabs containing artificial defects. The studied points of interest were sound concrete, effect of boundaries and steel reinforcements, vertical cracks, presence of a hollow conduit, artificial voids and delamination. The IE results were also compared with those from commercial GPR and UPE devices. GPR was found to be the quickest method by far, although the results gathered seemed to be limited by the presence of steel reinforcement and also failed to locate certain defects. UPE was a bit slower than GPR, but was generally able to locate more accurately the artificial flaws created in the test specimens. The results showed poor definition of the flaws making it difficult sometimes to properly locate them. The UPE results also seemed to be negatively affected by the presence of reinforcement which were causing frequent abnormal values. Lastly, the IE method was used. This method was greatly improved during the first phase, but it is still a time-consuming method. The value of the data, however, has great potential when compared to the other options. It accurately located most of the flaws generated and was practically unaffected by the presence of steel reinforcing bars. Also, with further analysis of the data, it was possible to determine the depth of some of the flaws accurately. Due to the time-consuming testing phase and the longer analysis of the data required to obtain the higher quality of results, this study suggests that IE is not likely to be the best choice for a general inspection of a large area (depending on the nature of the information needed). Rather, it is suggested to first conduct a general review of the structure using a quicker method like GPR to locate the problematic areas. After that, refining the grid at key locations to test with IE should provide the best quality of data in a reasonable amount of time.
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Zhu, Zhenhua. "Column recogniton and defects/damage properties retrieval for rapid infrastructure assessment and rehabilitation using machine vision." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44768.

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No matter how inspection techniques have been advanced, manual visual inspection is currently still the first and fundamental step in assessing civil infrastructure. If no sign of deterioration has been spotted in manual inspection, any future inspection actions is not necessary to take. However, manual inspection has been identified with several limitations including the qualitative nature of inspection results, the time-consuming inspection process, and the heavy reliance on inspectors' and/or engineers' experience. In order to overcome these limitations, automated visual inspection systems have been proposed to enhance and/or replicate the manual inspection process. A number of image processing methods have been developed in detecting defects (i.e. coating rusts) and damage (i.e. cracks) on civil infrastructure. Their effectiveness has been verified in inspecting structures, such as bridges, underground pipes, and tunnels. Although existing methods are effective in finding defects and damage from digital images, missing two important links limits their application for rapid infrastructure assessment and rehabilitation. The first link is the correlation between the defects/damage and the structural members that the defects/damage lie on. The second link is the relationship between the defects/damage and their impacts on the structural members. The purpose of this research is to investigate the way of establishing these two links. It is focused on the retrieval of critical structural members and defects/damage information from images/videos, and then the utilization of this information for automated and rapid assessment and rehabilitation of civil infrastructure. Specifically, a combination of techniques from the areas of visual pattern recognition, digital filtering, and machine vision have been used in order to develop a set of methods for concrete column recognition, crack properties retrieval, and air pockets and discoloration detection and evaluation. The methods proposed in this research were implemented in a Microsoft Visual Studio environment, and tested on the real images/videos of concrete structures inflicted with cracks, air pockets and discoloration. The test results indicated that the methods could automatically recognize concrete columns, correctly measure the properties of the cracks in a crack map, and accurately evaluate the impacts of air pockets and discoloration on the visual quality of concrete surfaces.
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Chen, Jun. "Ultra-accelerated assessment of alkali-reactivity of aggregates by nonlinear acoustic techniques." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34803.

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This research develops two novel experimental techniques based on nonlinear acoustics/ultrasound to provide an ultra-accelerated characterization of alkali-reactivity of aggregates. Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) is a deleterious reaction occurring between reactive siliceous minerals present in some aggregates and alkalis mainly contributed by the cement, but also present in some deicing chemicals. With increasing reports of ASR-induced damage in transportation structures, there is a critical need for fast and reliable test methods for the screening of aggregates and aggregate/paste combinations. Currently, the accelerated mortar bar test (AMBT), which measures expansion, is the most commonly used test method. Also used is the concrete prism test (CPT), another expansion-based method, which requires at least one year testing time, limiting the practical utility of this method. In addition, petrographic analysis can be performed to identify potentially reactive minerals in aggregates but requires training and may not be appropriate for assessment of aggregate/paste combinations. Finally, linear acoustic methods such as wave speed and attenuation measurements can be used for the assessment of ASR, but the sensitivity of linear acoustic methods to ASR-induced damage is considered to be relatively low. Therefore, critical limitations exist in the existing test methods. In light of recent advances in nonlinear acoustics (which are more sensitive to small-scale damage than linear acoustics), the purpose of this research is the development and assessment of an accelerated method for evaluating the potential for alkali reactivity in aggregate and aggregate/paste combinations by combining advanced ultrasonic methods with standard test procedures. In fact, two nonlinear acoustic methods are developed under this research - nonlinear wave modulation spectroscopy (NWMS) and nonlinear impact resonance acoustic spectroscopy (NIRAS) - and are used to characterize the changes in material nonlinearity as a result of the progressive ASR damage during the standard mortar bar and concrete prism testing. Following the AMBT and CPT, nonlinear acoustic techniques are applied to both mortar bars and concrete prism samples. Nonlinearity parameters are defined as the indicator of growing ASR damage, and measurement results clearly show that these nonlinearity parameters are more sensitive to the ASR damage than the linear parameters used in the linear acoustic measurements, particularly at early ages. Different aggregates with varying alkali-reactivity are effectively distinguished with the proposed experimental techniques in a timely manner, particularly for those aggregates with similar levels of reactivity, as determined by AMBT. The effect of a Class C fly ash addition on nonlinear properties was also investigated using the NIRAS measurements through a comparison of test results between mortar samples blended with fly ash and without fly ash. As complementary supports of the experimental results, petrographic analyses and theoretical modeling are also performed, and these results are well correlated with results from the NWMS and NIRAS techniques. Through a comparison with results from accompanying expansion measurements and linear acoustic methods, the proposed nonlinear acoustic techniques show their advantages to accelerate the assessment of alkali-reactivity of aggregates. Under AMBT, reactive aggregates were identifiable as early as a few days of testing. With CPT, reactive aggregates were differentiated as early as a few weeks. Overall, the coupling of the developed nonlinear test methods with standard expansion tests suggests that test durations could be potentially reduced by half, especially for AMBT tests.
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Chies, Josué Argenta. "Ensaios não destrutivos em concreto : detecção de falhas no interior de estruturas de concreto com o uso de ultrassom." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/127927.

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A aplicação de Ensaios Não Destrutivos (END) é considerada uma alternativa para monitorar o estado das estruturas de concreto armado, principalmente quando ocorrem falhas de projeto, erros de dosagem, problemas na mistura, transporte ou lançamento do concreto. A medida da Velocidade de Pulso Ultrassônico (VPU) é um END que vem sendo usado comumente em diversas áreas da engenharia civil, devido à facilidade da operação, ao seu baixo custo, à rapidez na execução dos testes e à ausência de danos ao material analisado. O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em apresentar o resultado de uma pesquisa experimental, que visou estudar a influência que determinadas variáveis operacionais exercem sobre os resultados obtidos nos ensaios de VPU e qual a real capacidade de penetração e detecção de defeitos de diversas magnitudes. As medições foram realizadas utilizando o ultrassom pelo modo de transmissão indireta, pois esta é a alternativa que mais se adapta às condições verificadas no exame de estruturas reais de concreto armado. Primeiramente, foram moldados em laboratório dois blocos de concreto, com dimensões próximas às encontradas em estruturas reais de grande porte: um com armadura nas duas faces e outro sem armadura. Em ambos os elementos foram introduzidos objetos para simular possíveis falhas de concretagem. Em uma segunda etapa, foram realizadas perfurações visando identificar a capacidade de detecção de vazios da técnica de VPU para diferentes profundidades. Os resultados são apresentados na forma de imagens geradas através de software e por meio de analises estatísticas. Este estudo verificou que a escolha dos parâmetros de ensaio é um fator determinante para permitir a interpretação correta dos resultados, salientando-se que a experiência do operador e as dimensões de grid são os parâmetros que mais interferem na interpretação dos dados.
The use of Non-destructive Testing (NDT) methods is considered an alternative to monitor the behaviour of reinforced concrete structures, especially when there are design problems or errors related to concrete mixing, transport, placement and casting errors. The Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) method is a Non-Destructive Test that is gaining acceptance. The test has been commonly used in various civil engineering areas due to the fact that it is easy to operate and rapid to perform, and to the low cost and lack of damage to the tested material. The objective of this work is to present the results of an experimental research that aimed to study the influence of certain technological variables on the measurements obtained from UPV tests. The work also aims to gather data to assess the penetration capacity of the US waves and their ability to detect defects of various dimensions. The measurements were performed using the indirect transmission mode, to simulate real work conditions on large structures. Firstly, two massive concrete blocks were cast in the laboratory, with dimensions close to real life structures: one with steel reinforcement on both sides and the other without reinforcement. Objects were introduced in both elements to simulate possible defects due to casting. In a second stage, perforations were conducted in the concrete elements to identify the void detection capability of the UPV technique for different depths. The results are presented by images generated by specific software and by using statistical analysis. This study found that the test parameters influence significantly the correct interpretation of the results. The operator experience and the grid dimensions are the parameters that most influence UPV data analysis.
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Books on the topic "Defects in concrete"

1

Jeffrey, Green, ed. Protection of Concrete: Proceedings of the International Conference, University of. London: Spon Press, 1990.

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Tilly, G. P. Concrete repairs: Performance in service and current practice. Bracknell: IHS BRE Press, 2007.

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Wood, Kenneth L. Portland cement concrete pavement restoration, Denver, Colorado. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 1985.

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Alkali-aggregate reaction in concrete roads and bridges. London: Thomas Telford, 1996.

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Reed, Peter. Historic concrete structures in New Zealand: Overview, maintenance and management. Wellington, N.Z: Science & Technical Publishing, Dept. of Conservation, 2008.

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Reed, Peter. Historic concrete structures in New Zealand: Overview, maintenance and management. Wellington, N.Z: Science & Technical Publishing, Dept. of Conservation, 2008.

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Szerafin, Jerzy. Dyspersje cementowe w procesie iniekcyjnej naprawy defektów betonu. Lublin: Politechnika Lubelska, 2011.

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Alexander, A. Michel. Application of artificial neural networks to ultrasonic pulse echo system for detecting microcracks in concrete. Vicksburg, Miss: U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, 1998.

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International, Workshop on Dam Fracture and Damage (1994 Chambéry France). Dam fracture and damage: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Dam Fracture and Damage/Chambery/France/16-18 March 1994. Rotterdam, Netherlands ; Brookfield, VT, USA: A.A. Balkema, 1994.

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Society, Concrete. Diagnosis of deterioration in concrete structures: Identification of defects, evaluation and development of remedial action : report of a Working Party. London: Concrete Society, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Defects in concrete"

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Son, Lee How, and George C. S. Yuen. "Concrete Defects." In Building Maintenance Technology, 74–99. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23150-8_5.

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Son, Lee How, and George C. S. Yuen. "Concrete Defects — Inspection and Diagnosis." In Building Maintenance Technology, 100–123. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23150-8_6.

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Chess, Paul M. "Defects with Existing Standards." In Cathodic Protection for Reinforced Concrete Structures, 87–98. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, a CRC title, part of the: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351045834-7.

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Raja, Babar Nasim Khan, Saeed Miramini, Colin Duffield, and Lihai Zhang. "Infrared Thermography for Detecting Subsurface Defects of Concrete Structures." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 1165–76. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8079-6_109.

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Kordatos, E. Z., D. V. Soulioti, M. Strantza, T. E. Matikas, and D. G. Aggelis. "Thermography and Ultrasound for Characterizing Subsurface Defects in Concrete." In Nondestructive Testing of Materials and Structures, 193–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0723-8_28.

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Naik, Madhuraj, Varadmurti Gaonkar, Ganesh Hegde, and Lalat Indu Giri. "Detection of Defects in Concrete Structures by Using Infrared Thermography." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 235–46. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5001-0_19.

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Buonsanti, Michele, S. Calcagno, F. C. Morabito, and Mario Versaci. "Eddy Current and Fuzzy Inference to Control Defects Growth in Reinforced Concrete." In The Mechanical Behavior of Materials X, 1291–94. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-440-5.1291.

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Farenyuk, Genadii, Iurii Kaliukh, Egor Farenyuk, Taras Kaliukh, Yaroslav Berchun, and Viktoriia Berchun. "Experimental and Theoretical Diagnostics of Defects in Ferroconcrete Piles Based on Reflection of Longitudinal and Transverse Waves." In High Tech Concrete: Where Technology and Engineering Meet, 1307–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59471-2_151.

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Reddy, M. Sudhakara, Varenyam Achal, and Abhijit Mukherjee. "Microbial Concrete, a Wonder Metabolic Product That Remediates the Defects in Building Structures." In Microorganisms in Environmental Management, 547–68. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2229-3_24.

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Wan, Qian, Li Wang, and Guowei Ma. "Adaptable Tool-Path Planning Method for 3D Concrete Printing Based on the Mapping Method." In Proceedings of the 2020 DigitalFUTURES, 255–64. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4400-6_24.

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Abstract3D concrete printing (3DCP) has been successfully and widely applied in the fields of civil structure, infrastructure, architectural decoration etc.,due to its unique advantages of automation and flexibility, and has shown great potential for development. One of the key steps in the execution of 3DCP is the tool-path planning process. However, 3DCP typically utilize the flowable composite materials which changes with time, and it is easy to induce interface joints or filling defects due to uneven path distribution when constructing the irregular-shaped construction. To solve the problem of printing path planning in 3DCP, this paper proposes tool-path planning based on mapping method, which integrates the rheology and necessary continuity of concrete materials into the printing process parameters, improves the mutual adaptability of printing process and material characteristics, improves the continuity of printing, the compactness of filling, and then ensures the stability and durability of printing structure.
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Conference papers on the topic "Defects in concrete"

1

Ciocco, Michael. "Ultrasonic imaging of defects in concrete pipelines." In QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION. AIP, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1472939.

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Li, Jinwei, Dapeng Li, Lingqiang Yang, and Lei Qin. "Numerical simulation of internal defects in concrete (III)." In 2018 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MECHANICS, STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS SCIENCE (MSMS 2018). Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5048749.

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Xia, Tian, Chuangxin Liu, Qiling Ye, Dryver Huston, Liangbao Jiao, and Xuehong Cao. "Extracting and identifying concrete structural defects in GPR images." In Nondestructive Characterization and Monitoring of Advanced Materials, Aerospace, Civil Infrastructure, and Transportation XII, edited by Peter J. Shull. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2296452.

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Yang Yan. "Ultrasonic testing of the application of the concrete defects." In 2012 First National Conference for Engineering Sciences (FNCES). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nces.2012.6543431.

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Yang, Yan. "Ultrasonic testing of the application of the concrete defects." In 2013 Conference on Education Technology and Management Science. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icetms.2013.391.

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Zhu, Yuxuan, Shuqi Zhao, Ren Liu, Xingcheng Wang, Jipeng Kan, Jinshuai Zhang, Meijing Wu, Weiyang Jiang, and Dong Xiang. "Study on ultrasonic testing of imperfect defects in concrete." In 4th International Conference on Renewable Energy and Environmental Technology (ICREET 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icreet-16.2017.106.

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Erdem, Ibrahim, and David B. Peraza. "A Case Study on the Construction Defects of Reinforced Concrete Walls with Insulated Concrete Forms." In Seventh Congress on Forensic Engineering. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479711.052.

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Jung, Y. C. "Detection of internal defects in concrete panels by Lamb waves." In 26th Annual review of progress in quantitative nondestrictive evaluation. AIP, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1306233.

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Liu*, Sixin, and Lei Fu. "GPR Signals Analysis of Post-tensioned Prestressed Concrete Girder Defects." In International Conference on Engineering Geophysics, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates, 15-18 November 2015. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/iceg2015-016.

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Minesawa, G. V., and E. Sasaki. "Eddy current inspection of corrosion defects for concrete embedded steel members." In 40TH ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION: Incorporating the 10th International Conference on Barkhausen Noise and Micromagnetic Testing. AIP Publishing LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4864900.

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Reports on the topic "Defects in concrete"

1

Groeneveld, Andrew B., Stephanie G. Wood, and Edgardo Ruiz. Estimating Bridge Reliability by Using Bayesian Networks. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39601.

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As part of an inspection, bridge inspectors assign condition ratings to the main components of a bridge’s structural system and identify any defects that they observe. Condition ratings are necessarily somewhat subjective, as they are influenced by the experience of the inspectors. In the current work, procedures were developed for making inferences on the reliability of reinforced concrete girders with defects at both the cross section and the girder level. The Bayesian network (BN) tools constructed in this work use simple structural m echanics to model the capacity of girders. By using expert elicitation, defects observed during inspection are correlated with underlying deterioration mechanisms. By linking these deterioration mechanisms with reductions in mechanical properties, inferences on the reliability of a bridge can be made based on visual observation of defects. With more development, this BN tool can be used to compare conditions of bridges relative to one another and aid in the prioritization of repairs. However, an extensive survey of bridges affected by deterioration mechanisms is needed to confidently establish valid relationships between deterioration severity and mechanical properties.
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