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Journal articles on the topic 'Defects of material'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Ayoub, Irfan, Vijay Kumar, Reza Abolhassani, et al. "Advances in ZnO: Manipulation of defects for enhancing their technological potentials." Nanotechnology Reviews 11, no. 1 (2022): 575–619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2022-0035.

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Abstract This review attempts to compile the physics and chemistry of defects in zinc oxide (ZnO), at both, the fundamental and application levels. The defects, either inherent ones or introduced externally, have broadened the ZnO material field in various directions. The ZnO material exhibits many defect-attributed properties leading to broad technological applications: electronic and optoelectronic devices, sensors, optical components, ceramic industry, biomedical, catalysis, lightening, etc. Considering the huge defect-dependent technological scopes, the ZnO material is constantly engineere

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2

Chen, Dongkangkang, Zijie Sun, Bing Li, Lixia Xu, and Yaodong Yang. "Research on non-destructive testing technology for defects in carbon fiber reinforced composite materials." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 3009, no. 1 (2025): 012004. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3009/1/012004.

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Abstract Carbon fiber-reinforced composite materials are the perfect choice for aerospace structural materials due to their excellent mechanical and thermophysical properties. However, defects generated during the manufacturing, processing, and load-bearing processes of carbon fiber composite materials are one of the main indirect causes of material failure. When the content of internal defects in the material increases, the mechanical properties of the composite structure significantly decrease, so it is very important to effectively and accurately detect defects in the material. This article

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3

McKernan, Stuart, and C. Barry Carter. "Planar defects in AIN." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (August 6, 1989): 432–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100154135.

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Aluminum nitride has recently become the subject of much interest as a technologically useful ceramic. The mechanical strength, high thermal conductivity and large electrical resistivity and a relatively small thermal expansion coefficient, make this material extremely well suited as a semiconductor substrate material. AlN has the hexagonal, wurtzite structure rather than the cubic structure of the more common semiconductors. It is also a polar material. The characterization of microstructural defects in this material is obviously necessary to the understanding of the materials properties.In s

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Li, Yong, Jinshuai Yao, Yan Fu, et al. "The effects of bubble defect parameters on the mechanical properties of polymer materials." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2951, no. 1 (2025): 012068. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2951/1/012068.

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Abstract As materials science continues to advance, accurately predicting and controlling the effects of microscopic defects on the macroscopic mechanical properties of materials has become a crucial research area. Traditional experimental methods currently face challenges in providing precise characterization at the microscopic scale, particularly regarding the accurate definition and quantification of geometric parameters associated with micro-bubble defects. Consequently, there is an insufficient understanding of their effects on material mechanical properties. This study integrates CT scan

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5

Wróbel, Andrzej, and Piotr Szymczyk. "AN APPLICATION OF A MATERIAL DEFECT DETECTION SYSTEM USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE." International Journal of Modern Manufacturing Technologies 15, no. 3 (2023): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.3.221.

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In recent years, detecting defects in materials has become an important element in many industries, such as automotive, construction, textile manufacturing, and many others. Material defects, such as stains, cracks, dents, and others, can affect the quality and durability of the product, which can have serious consequences for safety, performance, and product quality. Therefore, it is important to detect and remove material defects as quickly and accurately as possible. Traditional methods of detecting material defects, such as manual inspections or simple visual algorithms, can be unreliable

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Wu, Jun, and Zhangcan Huang. "A stable cellular automaton model for composite materials with defects." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 70, no. 7 (2018): 1320–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-03-2018-0087.

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Purpose As the internal defects (pore defect) of materials formed during the preparation of the composite material have important effects on wear process, the model has been improved to simulate it. Design/methodology/approach Materials with defects were simulated by an improved cellular automaton model which show changes in three-dimensional topography, temperature of surface and coefficient of friction (COF) during wear process. Findings It is found that defects increase temperature of material surface. Besides, the materials with little defects have a smaller COF than base materials, as the

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7

Touil, D. R., A. Daas, B. Helifa, A. C. Lahrech, and L. Ibn Khaldoun. "Simple Giant Magnetoresistance Probe Based Eddy Current System of Defect Characterization for Non-Destructive Testing." Advanced Electromagnetics 11, no. 2 (2022): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v11i2.1910.

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The purpose of this paper is to present a new giant magnetoresistance (GMR) sensor, in eddy current testing technique for surface defect detection, in conducting materials, we show that the GMR based eddy currents probe is more sensitive than the inductive probe. A flat coil mounted on ferrite pot used to produce an alternate magnetic field, which gives rise to eddy currents in the material under test. Aluminum plates use with defects have nominal depths, widths, and lengths. The defects scanned with the sensing axis perpendicular to the defect length. Two parameters extracted from the GMR out

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8

Seidman, David, and Donglu Shi. "Point Defects in Materials Part II: Applications to Different Materials Problems." MRS Bulletin 16, no. 12 (1991): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400055299.

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This issue of the MRS Bulletin follows up on the November issue's five articles on point defect phenomena in a wide range of materials with five more articles on point defects. The present articles emphasize the behavior of different phenomena in various materials—nonstoichiometric metal oxides, intermetallic compounds, type II superconductors and semiconductors—in terms of fundamental properties of point defects. Again, point defects is the unifying theme but the emphasis shifts to material behavior.This issue begins with Marshall Stoneham's article on the roles theory plays in predicting and

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9

Qiao, Qiyun, Xiuyu Wang, Wenchao Liu, and Hongchun Yang. "Defect Detection in Grouting Sleeve Grouting Material by Piezoelectric Wave Method." Buildings 14, no. 3 (2024): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14030629.

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The construction defects in grouting sleeves can jeopardize the safety of precast reinforced concrete structures. Thus, efficient and accurate defect detection is critical in engineering construction. In this paper, a defect detection method based on piezoelectric wave theory was proposed. Two piezoelectric ceramics were arranged within the grouting sleeve. One piezoelectric ceramic was affixed on the top of the steel bar, while the other was embedded in the grouting material, serving as the driver and sensor, respectively. The compactness defects, air cavity defects, steel anchoring defects,

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Chang, Ming Kuen, Hua Sui Sun, and Jyun Cang Ciou. "Applying Ultrasonic Testing to Detect Hole Defect Near the Surface." Advanced Materials Research 194-196 (February 2011): 2054–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.194-196.2054.

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During materials manufacturing process will cause defects occasionally, if the defects located at near surface of material where the testing is not easy to implement. When the defects was stress by outside loading, it will grow up even become fracture, if the material apply ultrasonic testing then can increase material security to ensure structural safety. Practice material defect shape is variable and need complex product procedure. In this study, using wire cutting method to make practice defects specimen instead of the real flaws material, the specimen was made of medium carbon steel and al

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11

Xiao, Zhong Yin, Jian Xiang Wen, Wen Yun Luo, et al. "Formation of Thermally Induced Defects in Silica Optical Material." Advanced Materials Research 853 (December 2013): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.853.62.

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Characteristics of silica optical material largely depend on its thermal history. In this paper, formation of thermally induced defects in silica optical material is studied. The formation process of defect is analyzed in detail. The results show that there is an obvious difference in defect formation induced by heating treatment when the composition of silica optical material changes. Defect formation mainly displays as the produce process when the initial defects of the silica material are zero. However, defect formation expresses as the produce and annealing process when the initial defects

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12

Das, Debtanay, Swarup Bag, Sukhomay Pal, and Abhay Sharma. "Material Defects in Friction Stir Welding through Thermo–Mechanical Simulation: Dissimilar Materials with Tool Wear Consideration." Materials 16, no. 1 (2022): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16010301.

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Despite the remarkable capabilities of friction stir welding (FSW) in joining dissimilar materials, the numerical simulation of FSW is predominantly limited to the joining of similar materials. The material mixing and defects’ prediction in FSW of dissimilar materials through numerical simulation have not been thoroughly studied. The role of progressive tool wear is another aspect of practical importance that has not received due consideration in numerical simulation. As such, we contribute to the body of knowledge with a numerical study of FSW of dissimilar materials in the context of defect

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13

Dmitriev, S., A. Ishkov, Vladimir Malikov, and A. Sagalakov. "Control Quality of Composite Materials by Using Subminiature Eddy Current Transducers." Materials Science Forum 945 (February 2019): 866–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.945.866.

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Based eddy current transducer (ECT), a probe has been designed to research composite materials. Defects inspection of composite materials is performed to determine the following standard defects: defect of the metallic and (or) polymer layer uniformity. The subminiature ECT of the original design is used as a sensor in this device, it is made according to a differential scheme of switching on of the coils of a transformer ECT and allowing to localize the control area up to 0.1-0.5 mm. The measurement procedure allowing one to detect defects in composite materials with a high accuracy is descri

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14

Wang, Zhongxin, Xue Li, Zheng Zhao, and Min Li. "Classification Method of Internal Defects in Metal Materials Based on Ultrasonic Point Cloud Data." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2822, no. 1 (2024): 012082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2822/1/012082.

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Abstract The commonly used methods for analysing defects in metal materials include metallography and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). However, these methods require grinding and polishing of the material surface, which can only obtain the characteristics of material surface defects, making it difficult to effectively detect and characterize internal defects in metal materials. Therefore, a deep neural network model based on ultrasonic point cloud data was proposed in this paper, called the Global and Local Feature Fusion Network (GLFFN), to classify the internal defects in metal materials.

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15

Kim, Jong Yup, Joon Hyun Lee, and Seung Hoon Nahm. "Statistical Analysis of Casting Defects in Microstructure for Understanding the Effect on Fatigue Property of 17-4PH Stainless Steel." Key Engineering Materials 321-323 (October 2006): 1503–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.321-323.1503.

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High strength materials have been used for critical components in order to ensure the reliability of aircraft gas turbine engine. But it usually costs high to maintain their premium quality. Therefore, the optimum quality level of materials should be defined under operating condition by material property estimation technique in order to meet the requirement of reliability and economical efficiency. Most cast rotating parts of gas turbine engine have casting defects caused during the casting process. The casting defects less than certain acceptable limit can be permissible for usage. So, it is

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16

Nugraha, Kurnia, Winarto Winarto, Didied Haryono, Amalia Sholehah, and Harisman Nugraha. "Material Characterization using Magnetic Induction Based Measurement Technique at Low-Frequency Range." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2980, no. 1 (2025): 012033. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2980/1/012033.

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Abstract Material characterization is the process of measurement and analysis aimed at understanding the physical, chemical, mechanical, or structural properties of a material. The primary objective is to determine how the material will behave or perform under specific conditions. In this study, material characterization was carried out using a magnetic-induction-based measurement technique (MIT), which is a technique for obtaining information about the conductivity or magnetic permeability properties of an object by utilizing a magnetic field. This material characterization is part of the dev

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17

Setera, Brett, and Aristos Christou. "Challenges of Overcoming Defects in Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Power Electronics." Electronics 11, no. 1 (2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11010010.

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The role of crystal defects in wide bandgap semiconductors and dielectrics under extreme environments (high temperature, high electric and magnetic fields, intense radiation, and mechanical stresses) found in power electronics is reviewed. Understanding defects requires real-time in situ material characterization during material synthesis and when the material is subjected to extreme environmental stress. Wide bandgap semiconductor devices are reviewed from the point of view of the role of defects and their impact on performance. It is shown that the reduction of defects represents a fundament

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18

Giomi, Luca, Žiga Kos, Miha Ravnik, and Anupam Sengupta. "Cross-talk between topological defects in different fields revealed by nematic microfluidics." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 29 (2017): E5771—E5777. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1702777114.

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Topological defects are singularities in material fields that play a vital role across a range of systems: from cosmic microwave background polarization to superconductors and biological materials. Although topological defects and their mutual interactions have been extensively studied, little is known about the interplay between defects in different fields—especially when they coevolve—within the same physical system. Here, using nematic microfluidics, we study the cross-talk of topological defects in two different material fields—the velocity field and the molecular orientational field. Spec

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19

Stevens Kalceff, M. A. "Detection of Interstitial Molecules in Wide Band Gap Materials Using Cathodoluminescence Microanalysis." Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (1999): 732–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600016986.

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Cathodoluminescence (CL) microanalysis (spectroscopy and microscopy) enables both pre-existing and irradiation induced defects in the bulk and surface defect structure of wide band gap materials (i.e. semiconductors and insulators) to be monitored and characterized with high spatial resolution and sensitivity. The local micro-volume of specimen may be selected for investigation by varying the electron beam parameters. CL micro analytical techniques allow the in situ monitoring of electron irradiation induced defects and the investigation of irradiation induced electromigration of mobile charge

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20

Xiao, Zhong Yin, Wen Yun Luo, Jian Xiang Wen, Jian Zhong Yin, and Ting Yun Wang. "Defect Induced by Heated Treatment in Silica Fiber Material." Advanced Materials Research 304 (July 2011): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.304.160.

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In this paper, defect induced by heated treatment in silica is studied. The formation process of defect is analyzed by the thermodynamic model. The results show that defect can be produced by thermal treatment process. The concentration of defect can be affected by many factors. The defect formation induced by heated treatment is related to the initial precursors. To pure silica glass, the precursors mainly come from the strained bonds of network. It can produce centers and nonbridging oxygen hole centers (NBOHCs). These defects are also related to the temperature of heated treatment and the c

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Zou, Chang Bin, Chuan Zhen Huang, Bin Zou, et al. "Establishment of the Low Defect Ceramic Cutting Tool Database." Key Engineering Materials 589-590 (October 2013): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.589-590.357.

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This paper analyzes the reasons of the defects generation of the ceramic cutting tool materials. The defects in the ceramic cutting tool materials are caused by chemical compatibility and physical mismatch during the designing process, and caused by grain abnormal growth and sintering parameters during the preparation stage. The database of low defect ceramic cutting tool is established and the data structure of the database is described. The users can use the database to design the tool material system through the mode that can reduce the defects.

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22

Ikhwan, Muhammad, and Diana Yuliastuti. "THE EFFECT OF PARAMETER AND MATERIAL SETTING VARIATIONS ON PRODUCT QUALITY ON INJECTION MOULDING MACHINES." Berkala Penelitian Teknologi Kulit, Sepatu, dan Produk Kulit 23, no. 2 (2024): 259–68. https://doi.org/10.58533/kwn7xr53.

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Injection Molding is one of the production processes that is widely used to produce various plastic products. As with other fabrication methods, plastic products produced through the Injection Molding process have the potential to have product defects (defects). This research was carried out to improve the quality of the products produced. The research was conducted in four experiments using HDPE Recycle, HDPE Original, PP and ABS plastic materials with different parameter settings. The parameter settings used include temperature, Injection Speed, Injection Pressure, Holding Speed, Holding Pre

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23

Lei, Yuxin, Qiaoling Lin, Sanshui Xiao, Juntao Li, and Hanlin Fang. "Optically Active Telecom Defects in MoTe2 Fewlayers at Room Temperature." Nanomaterials 13, no. 9 (2023): 1501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13091501.

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The optical and electrical properties of semiconductors are strongly affected by defect states. The defects in molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe2) show the potential for quantum light emission at optical fiber communication bands. However, the observation of defect-related light emission is still limited to cryogenic temperatures. In this work, we demonstrate the deep defect states in MoTe2 fewlayers produced via a standard van der Waal material transfer method with a heating process, which enables light emission in the telecommunication O-band. The optical measurements show evidence of localized e

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Morishita, Kazuyuki, Taichi Yamaguchi, Kentaro Wada, and Junichiro Yamabe. "Technique for Introducing Internal Defects with Arbitrary Sizes and Locations in Metals via Additive Manufacturing and Evaluation of Fatigue Properties." International Journal of Automation Technology 17, no. 4 (2023): 378–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2023.p0378.

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Mechanical component failure is usually caused by metal fatigue originating from small defects in metallic materials. Thus, it is important to precisely capture the fatigue properties of materials containing small defects. Fatigue tests of materials with artificial surface defects introduced by drilling have been conducted. Using the resulting data, an equation for predicting the material fatigue limit has been proposed on the basis of the √area parameter model, and its effectiveness has been confirmed for various materials. However, for additive manufactured (AM) materials that contain intern

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Luo, Gui, Xinyang Wang, Jianmin Zhu, and Yuqi Zhou. "Quantitative detection of composite defects based on infrared technology and FA-LSTM." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2770, no. 1 (2024): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2770/1/012012.

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Abstract Given the difficulties in obtaining the defect data of composite materials and the low accuracy of defect size detection, this paper proposes a quantitative defect detection method for composite materials based on infrared technology and a firefly algorithm (FA)-optimized long short-term memory (LSTM) network. First, composite plates with different defects were periodically heated and photographed using a specific heat source and infrared camera to obtain the maximum surface temperature difference and the best detection time data of the composite plates. Then, the maximum temperature

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Zhang, Wei, Qi Ke Li, and Zheng Wei Yang. "Numerical Analysis for Thermal Wave NDT of Debonding Defect of Coating on the Matrix of the Composite Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 1357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.1357.

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For the disadvantages of the traditional NDT methods for coating defects, Thermal Wave Nondestructive Testing (TWNDT) technology was used to detect coating debonding defect on composite Materials matrix. Numerical simulation method was used to simulate the heat transfer process of thermal wave in the coating material with defects. The factors influencing the testing sensitivity were in-depth studied, including the debonding defect size and coating thickness. Simulation results show that: TWNDT technology can quickly and efficiently identify the size of the coating debonding defects, while the

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Ihara, T., and M. C. Shaw. "Stress Concentrations for Filled and Unfilled Closely Spaced Cylindrical Defects." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 107, no. 4 (1985): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3225818.

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All real materials contain defects which significantly reduce the fracture stress of brittle materials. It has been proposed by Griffith [3] that brittle fracture occurs when the maximum intensified tensile stress on the surface of a defect reaches a critical value. It has recently been found [1] that for many brittle materials of high quality, the nature and density of the defects are such that they may be modelled by isolated cylindrical voids. This study considers the stress intensification consequences of the close spacing of cylindrical defects that are filled with a material having a You

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Flores-Lasluisa, Jhony Xavier, Diego Cazorla-Amorós, and Emilia Morallón. "Deepening the Understanding of Carbon Active Sites for ORR Using Electrochemical and Spectrochemical Techniques." Nanomaterials 14, no. 17 (2024): 1381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano14171381.

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Defect-containing carbon nanotube materials were prepared by subjecting two commercial multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) of different purities to purification (HCl) and oxidative conditions (HNO3) and further heat treatment to remove surface oxygen groups. The as-prepared carbon materials were physicochemically characterized to observe changes in their properties after the different treatments. TEM microscopy shows morphological modifications in the MWCNTs after the treatments such as broken walls and carbon defects including topological defects. This leads to both higher surface areas and

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Hidayat, Atep Afia, Indra Almahdy, Alfa Firdaus, et al. "Quality Control Analysis of Piston Gasoline Products using the DMAICApproach." International Journal of Scientific and Academic Research 04, no. 01 (2024): 09–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.54756/ijsar.2024.1.2.

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The manufacturing company in this study is a company engaged in the automotive sector that produces pistons and non-pistons. The problem that occurs in the company is that the average percentage of defects exceeds the company's standard limit of 5% while the maximum defect limit is set by the company at 1%. Identify the dominant type of defect, identify the biggest factors causing the dominant type of defect and make suggestions for improvement. In this study using the DMAIC method (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control) in the production process of the type x gasoline piston, there ar

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Dragašius, Egidijus, Darius Eidukynas, Vytautas Jūrėnas, et al. "Piezoelectric Transducer-Based Diagnostic System for Composite Structure Health Monitoring." Sensors 21, no. 1 (2021): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21010253.

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This paper focuses on the investigation of the diagnostic system for health monitoring and defects, detecting in composite structures using a piezoelectric sensor. A major overview of structural defects in composite materials that have an influence on product performance as well as material strength is presented. Particularly, the proposed diagnostic (health monitoring) system enables to monitor the composite material plate defects during the exploitation in real-time. The investigated health monitoring system can indicate the material structure defects when the periodic test input signal is p

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Sorgenfrei, Niels G., Elias Arnqvist, Yana Gurimskaya, et al. "Characterisation of crystalline defects in 4H Silicon Carbide using DLTS and TSC." Journal of Instrumentation 20, no. 07 (2025): C07006. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/20/07/c07006.

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Abstract Future hadron collider experiments will require sensing materials that withstand stronger radiation fields. Therefore, either a frequent replacement of detectors, a significant increase in radiation hardness of Silicon, or a shift to different materials is needed. Wide-bandgap materials are a natural choice, due to their significantly reduced leakage currents, even after irradiation. In recent years, substantial progress in the production of high-quality monocrystalline Silicon Carbide of the 4H polytype has led to a renewed interest in this material. In this article, a study of elect

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Jóźwik, Wojciech, and Tomasz Samborski. "Influence of Geometrical Features of Material Defects on the Identification Level by the Eddy Current Method." Solid State Phenomena 237 (August 2015): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.237.136.

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The article presents the results of the influence of geometrical features of defects in materials on the level of identification by the eddy current method. The study involved the inner ring of the tapered roller bearing. Four test defects, located at a constant distance from the inner surface, and a subsurface marker defect were performed in the treadmill of the tested ring. The test defects had a constant cross-sectional area in a perpendicular direction to the surface of the eddy current head. The geometrical features of each defect were the following: shape, the perimeter of the defect pro

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Prasmana, Muhammad Farid, Deny Andesta, and Hidayat Hidayat. "Analysis of the Causes of Defects in the Timber Production Process Using the FMEA (Failure Mode Effect Analysis) Method Approach at PT. KQW." Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Industri 20, no. 2 (2023): 639. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/sitekin.v20i2.21837.

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PT. KQW is related to quality. Some problems occur during the production process and product results, which are associated with the level of defects in the production process. From historical production data for April 2022 – June 2022, glulam wood products contribute the most defects, both congenital physical defects of the material itself and during the production process. This study aims to identify the level of defects in wood products, determine the factors that cause defects in wood products, and determine the efforts made to reduce the level of damage to wood products. The formulation of

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Zhao, Qi Wen, and Lian Fa Yang. "Methods for Obtaining Forming Limit Diagrams of Material Defects." Materials Science Forum 878 (November 2016): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.878.8.

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Forming limit is one of the important indexes to evaluate the formability of materials. In a variety of methods of evaluating the formability of materials, the forming limit diagram (FLD) is the most intuitive and effective, and the most widely used. There are many methods to obtain the forming limit diagram. This paper mainly introduces the methods for obtaining the forming limit diagram of the material defects, and material defects are classified into three categories: geometric defects, defects in organization structure and material constitutive defects, and the methods for obtaining formin

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de Graaf, S. E., S. Un, A. G. Shard, and T. Lindström. "Chemical and structural identification of material defects in superconducting quantum circuits." Materials for Quantum Technology 2, no. 3 (2022): 032001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2633-4356/ac78ba.

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Abstract Quantum circuits show unprecedented sensitivity to external fluctuations compared to their classical counterparts, and it can take as little as a single atomic defect somewhere in a mm-sized area to completely spoil device performance. For improved device coherence it is thus essential to find ways to reduce the number of defects, thereby lowering the hardware threshold for achieving fault-tolerant large-scale error-corrected quantum computing. Given the evasive nature of these defects, the materials science required to understand them is at present in uncharted territories, and new t

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Xin, Tian, Zhihong Yan, Tongxin Xu, Songhao Li, Renjie Duan, and Moxuan Peng. "Rapid visual detection of laser welding defects in bright stainless steel thin plates." Measurement Science and Technology 36, no. 3 (2025): 035203. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/adb0e5.

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Abstract Stainless steel sheets with bright surfaces have been widely used in household appliances, decorative materials, highway and railway vehicles, and other fields. In order to reduce welding deformation while maintaining overall aesthetics, the commonly used welding method is laser welding. In laser welding, various welding defects are the main causes of weld failure. At present, the main detection method for defects in such slender welds is laser structured light visual scanning detection. However, due to the fact that the reflection of high gloss stainless steel material is mainly mirr

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Seidman, David N., and Donglu Shi. "Point Defects in Materials Part I: Behavior and Characteristics in Different Material Classes." MRS Bulletin 16, no. 11 (1991): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400055482.

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In this issue of the MRS Bulletin we present five papers that involve point defect phenomena in a wide variety of materials—metals, conducting ceramic oxides, semiconductors, amorphous alloys, and high Tc superconducting oxides. The unifying theme of this issue is point defects—zero-dimensional defects. Even for the high Tc oxides, where planar defects are discussed, it is the ordering of oxygen/vacancy chains that ultimately gives rise to twins in the famous YBa2Cu3O7.δ (1:2:3) oxide superconductor.Hillard Huntington, professor emeritus of physics at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, is an ea

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Maugin, Ge´rard A. "Material Forces: Concepts and Applications." Applied Mechanics Reviews 48, no. 5 (1995): 213–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3005101.

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The unifying notion of material force which gathers under one vision all types of driving “forces” on defects and smooth or abrupt inhomogeneities in fracture, defect mechanics, elastodynamics (localized solutions) and allied theories such as in electroelasticity, magnetoelasticity, and the propagation of phase transition fronts, is reviewed together with its many faceted applications. The presentation clearly distinguishes between the role played by local physical balance laws in the solution of boundary-value problems and that played by global material balance laws in obtaining the expressio

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Abbas, Ahmed M., Salwan Y. Bede, and Shefaa H. Alnumay. "Evaluation of the effectiveness of using platelet rich fibrin (PRF) as a sole grafting material and membrane in augmentation of dehiscence and fenestration defects encountered during dental implant surgery." Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry 31, no. 2 (2019): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26477/jbcd.v31i2.2623.

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Background: Bone regeneration in dehiscence and fenestration defect can be improved with the use of platelet rich fibrin (PRF) that provides a scaffold for new bone regeneration. This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of PRF as a graft material and membrane in dehiscence and fenestration defects. Materials and Methods: This prospective clinical study included patients who received dental implants that demonstrated peri-implant defects which were augmented using Leukocyte- PRF (L-PRF) or Advanced-PRF (A-PRF). Twenty four weeks postoperatively the defect resolution and the density

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Xiao, Chi, Junlin Li, Pei Wang, Junjie Liu, and Qiwen Zhang. "Simulation Study of Composite Insulator Material Defects Based on Microwave Detection." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2566, no. 1 (2023): 012110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2566/1/012110.

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Abstract Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) is a kind of raw material used in the manufacture of composite insulator mandrels. If crack defects occur in the composite insulator mandrel, it will eventually lead to brittle fractures, which will cause extremely serious accidents. Aiming at detecting the internal defects of GFRP materials by the microwave reflection method, we carried out a numerical modeling analysis adopting the electromagnetic simulation method. Samples with different depths of defects are used for sweep frequency calculation, and the frequency range is from 18 to 26.5 GHz.

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Zhao, Yuhong, Jinzhong Tian, Guoning Bai, Leting Zhang, and Hua Hou. "First Principles Study on the Thermodynamic and Elastic Mechanical Stability of Mg2X (X = Si,Ge) Intermetallics with (anti) Vacancy Point Defects." Crystals 10, no. 3 (2020): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10030234.

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In this paper, based on the density functional theory, through thermodynamic and mechanical stability criteria, the crystal cell model of intermetallic compounds with vacancy and anti-site point defects is constructed and the lattice constant, formation heat, binding energy, elastic constant, and elastic modulus of Mg2X (X = Si, Ge) intermetallics with or without point defects are calculated. The results show that the difference in the atomic radius leads to the instability and distortion of crystal cells with point defects; Mg2X are easier to form vacancy defects than anti-site defects on the

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Harshavardhana, B., Nitin Gupta, Spandana Reddy Vantary, and Ankit Krishna. "Clinical evaluation of platelet rich fibrin as barrier membrane in treatment of grade II furcation defects." Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology 28, no. 4 (2024): 431–35. https://doi.org/10.4103/jisp.jisp_6_24.

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Background and Objectives: Various guided tissue regenerative procedures have been used in treatment of furcation defects. A combination of various graft materials and barrier membranes have been used over a period of time. The present study was designed to test whether autologous platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) can be effectively used as a barrier membrane along with porous hydroxyapatite (HA) bone graft in the treatment of Grade II furcation defects. Materials and Methods: The present study was a split-mouth design, in which a total of thirty patients with bilateral grade II furcation defects in

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Yusupjanova, M.B., and Z.J. Jakhanova. "DEFECTS AND THE PHOTOVOLTAIC PROPERTIES OF SEMICONDUCTORS." INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC-ELECTRONIC JOURNAL "PIONEERING STUDIES AND THEORIES" 1, no. 4 (2025): 84–88. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15070223.

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Point defects in semiconductors—such as vacancies, interstitials, and antisite defects—significantly influence the photovoltaic properties of these materials, affecting the efficiency of devices like solar panels. These defects alter the semiconductor's electronic structure, impacting the absorption of sunlight and the generation of electron-hole pairs crucial for electricity production. While some defects act as recombination centers, reducing efficiency by causing premature electron-hole recombination, others can be engineered to enhance material properties through techniques lik

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Selyshchev, Pavlo, and V. Sugakov. "Nanoscale Modulation of Material Properties by Means of Irradiation." Key Engineering Materials 708 (September 2016): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.708.30.

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A theoretical approach is developed to describe creation of space-periodical modulation of microstructure by means irradiation and influence of this modulation on properties of the irradiated material. It has considered nonlinear dynamics of development of radiation-induced defects. The structure of defects drives microstructure and changes material properties. It is found that nanoscale space-periodical distribution is results of interaction of radiation-induced defects both with each other and with elements of microstructure. It is shown that homogenous defect distribution become instable an

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Koo, Hee Tae, Jeongseok Oh, and Chan Yeong Heo. "Cranioplasty Using Three-Dimensional–Printed Polycaprolactone Implant and Free Latissimus Dorsi Musculocutaneous Flap in a Patient with Repeated Wound Problem following Titanium Cranioplasty." Archives of Plastic Surgery 49, no. 06 (2022): 740–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1748656.

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AbstractTitanium mesh is an alloplastic material widely used for the reconstruction of moderate-to-large skull defects. Repeated wound problems or infection following these reconstructions inevitably lead to the replacement of the cranioplasty material. Among the various alloplastic materials, polycaprolactone implants are usually used for the coverage of small defects such as burr holes. 1 Herein, we present a case of a large cranial defect successfully reconstructed with three-dimensional-printed polycaprolactone implant and a free latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap. Until 1-year follow-

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Deepak. A, Et al. "Real Time Defect Identification using Advanced Artificial Intelligence based Material Strain Sensors for Environmental Safety." Journal of Electrical Systems 20, no. 1 (2024): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/jes.660.

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Advanced materials find applications in various fields of engineering and medicine. Many advanced materials are synthesized characterised to design sensors for various application including environmental protection. This work explores the possibility of real time defect identification using advanced materials such as graphene composite based sensor for Environment safety. Advanced materials like Graphene composite based sensor were prepared using solvent casting technique. Possibility of using graphene-PVDF based sensors as non- destructive probes to identify surface defects of materials were

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Alokby, Ghassan, Kholoud Mohammed AlAmari, Jamal Mohammed S. Abdullah, Mohammed Tayed Hazazi, and Fawaz Makki. "Endoscopic Reconstruction of Skull Base Defects Using Tutoplast." Allergy & Rhinology 12 (January 2021): 215265672110092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21526567211009200.

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Background Various graft materials that are classified as autografts, xenografts, and allografts based on their origin have been used to endoscopically repair skull base defects. Tutoplast® (Tutogen Medical GmbH), an allogeneic natural collagen matrix, is processed through chemical sterilization that preserves tissue biocompatibility and structural integrity. Objective To study the safety and efficacy of Tutoplast Fascia Lata and Tutoplast Temporalis Fascia® as primary graft materials in the endoscopic reconstruction of skull base defects of different sizes and etiologies and to compare the ou

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Ciecieląg, Krzysztof, Krzysztof Kęcik, Agnieszka Skoczylas, Jakub Matuszak, Izabela Korzec, and Radosław Zaleski. "Non-Destructive Detection of Real Defects in Polymer Composites by Ultrasonic Testing and Recurrence Analysis." Materials 15, no. 20 (2022): 7335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15207335.

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This paper presents results of ultrasonic non-destructive testing of carbon fibre-reinforced plastics (CFRPs) and glass-fibre reinforced plastics (GFRPs). First, ultrasonic C-scan analysis was used to detect real defects inside the composite materials. Next, the composite materials were subjected to drilling in the area of defect formation, and measured forces were used to analyse the drilling process using recurrence methods. Results have confirmed that recurrence methods can be used to detect defects formed inside a composite material during machining.

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Erofeev, V. I., A. V. Leonteva, and A. V. Shekoyan. "DISPERSION OF LONGITUDINAL WAVES PROPAGATING IN MATERIALS WITH POINT DEFECTS." PNRPU Mechanics Bulletin, no. 5 (December 6, 2023): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/perm.mech/2023.5.03.

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The paper investigates the propagation of harmonic waves in materials with point defects. The problem is described by a system of differential equations, which includes a dynamic equation of the theory of elasticity and kinetic equations of defect densities tak-ing into account the mutual influence of defects and a propagating wave, as well as mutu-al recombination of defects. We consider both limit cases, materials with one type of point defects (vacancies, interstitials), and the general case if the material contains both types of point defects (vacancies and interstitials). We analyzed the

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Estreicher, Stefan K., T. Michael Gibbons, M. Bahadir Bebek, and Alexander L. Cardona. "Heat Flow and Defects in Semiconductors: beyond the Phonon Scattering Assumption." Solid State Phenomena 242 (October 2015): 335–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.242.335.

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It is universally accepted that defects in materials scatter thermal phonons, and that this scattering is the reason why defects reduce the flow of heat relative to the defect-free material. However, ab-initio molecular-dynamics simulations which include defect dynamics show that the interactions between thermal phonons and defects involve the coupling between bulk (delocalized) and defect-related (localized) oscillators. Defects introduce Spatially-Localized Modes (SLMs) which trap thermal phonons for dozens to hundreds of periods of oscillation, much longer than the lifetimes of bulk excitat

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