Relevant bibliographies by topics / Defense mechanisms (Psychology)

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Academic literature on the topic 'Defense mechanisms (Psychology)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Defense mechanisms (Psychology)"

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Bogutyn, Tomasz, Janusz Pałczyński, Andrzej Kokoszka, and Paweł Holas. "Defense Mechanisms in Alexithymia." Psychological Reports 84, no. 1 (February 1999): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1999.84.1.183.

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The Polish version of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale–20 and Defense Mechanisms Questionnaire were completed by 387 university students. Scores on alexithymia correlate significantly with scores on the whole group of 12 immature defenses (Pearson r = .39, p<.001) and with scores on such individual immature defense mechanisms as Autistic Fantasy ( r = .39), Somatization ( r = .37), Projection ( r = .32), and Displacement ( r = .32). These results support other findings indicating that alexithymia is significantly associated with immature ego defenses.
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Cramer, Phebe. "IQ and Defense Mechanisms Assessed with the TAT." Rorschachiana 36, no. 1 (April 2015): 40–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1192-5604/a000058.

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Abstract. The concept of defense mechanism has a long history in psychoanalysis and clinical psychopathology. The function of defenses has been modified over the years, from a counter-force against instincts to the protection of self-esteem. To understand the role of defenses in pathological and normal development, a coding method to use with Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) stories – the Defense Mechanism Manual ( Cramer, 1991a ) – has been developed and validated. Three broad defenses – Denial, Projection, and Identification – may be coded with this method. The article presents examples of TAT stories that have been coded for defense use. These show how defense use changes after a period of psychotherapy, and how defenses change with age. Evidence for reliability and validity is provided, both from correlational and experimental studies. The remainder of the paper focuses on the relation between the use of defense mechanisms and intelligence. Research has shown that the two ego functions of defense and IQ are not correlated in childhood and adolescence, but are correlated in adulthood defenses and IQ. Importantly, IQ serves as a moderator for the effect of defense use on variables such as psychiatric symptom change, level of Ego Development, and Big Five personality traits.
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Berzonsky, Michael, and Andrew Kinney. "Identity Processing Style and Defense Mechanisms." Polish Psychological Bulletin 39, no. 3 (January 1, 2008): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10059-008-0022-7.

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Identity Processing Style and Defense Mechanisms To investigate relationships between identity processing styles and patterns of defense mechanisms, 213 participants (Mean age = 23.01 years) completed measures of defense-mechanism clusters and styles of negotiating (or managing to avoid) identity conflicts and threats (64% of the participants were female). A self-exploratory, informational identity style was associated with defense mechanisms that control anxiety and threats via internal cognitive maneuvers. In contrast, a diffuse-avoidant identity style was found to be related to maladaptive defensive maneuvers including turning against others and turning aggression inward against oneself, which is related to depressive reactions. A foreclosing, normative identity style was associated with defenses that limit awareness of threatening ideas and information by denial, distortion, and negation. None of these relationships was qualified by age or gender. The findings are discussed in terms of a process model of identity development that emphasizes social-cognitive differences in how individuals construct, maintain, and reconstruct their self-identity.
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Farhoudi, Fateme, and Dennis Tay. "The image schemas of container and source-path-goal in the theory of psychodynamic defense mechanisms." Cognitive Linguistic Studies 10, no. 1 (October 5, 2023): 99–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.22004.far.

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Abstract In this article, we evaluated the theory of defense mechanisms from the cognitive linguistics perspective. We chose two basic image schemas of container and path-goal and reviewed three psychodynamic psychotherapy textbooks and two psychology dictionaries to extract passages defining defense mechanisms by one of the selected image schemas. Seventeen defense mechanisms were extracted, categorized, and discussed according to their underlying image schemas. In conclusion, we suggest that the development of the defense mechanisms could be traced back to the early interactions of an infant with the physical environment. Moreover, there might be a relationship between the adaptive levels of the defense mechanisms and the chronological development of image schemas in an infant’s mind, e.g., defenses defined using the image schema of container are usually less adaptive than defenses defined using the image schema of path-goal.
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Nicolas, Michel, and Ahmed Jebrane. "Relationships between Coping Strategies and Defense Mechanisms in Sport Performance." Psychological Reports 103, no. 3 (December 2008): 735–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.103.3.735-744.

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In an exploratory study, the relationships between two major concepts in psychological adjustment, coping strategies, and defense mechanisms were investigated. Sport competition is an example of a real-world context in which people's responses to stressful situations can be investigated. The extent to which participants reported different uses of coping strategies and defense mechanisms was assessed in terms of performance. 26 elite kayakers were classified into one of two groups, depending on the discrepancy between their standard performance and their performance in competition. Correlations were found among the coping strategies of seeking social support, positive reappraisal/planful problem solving, and mature defenses and between the coping strategy of distancing/avoidance and immature defenses. The results of multivariate and univariate analyses confirmed a significantly different use of coping strategies and defense mechanisms between the two performance groups. In light of these findings, certain recommendations in terms of methodology and application are warranted. Coping strategies and defense mechanisms should be studied to improve adjustment to sport performance.
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Besser, Avi. "SELF- AND BEST-FRIEND ASSESSMENTS OF PERSONALITY VULNERABILITY AND DEFENSES IN THE PREDICTION OF DEPRESSION." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 32, no. 6 (January 1, 2004): 559–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2004.32.6.559.

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The associations are explored between personality vulnerability and the use of defense mechanisms in the prediction of depression. A nonclinical community sample of 187 respondents and their same-sex best friends reported on participants' personality vulnerability factors (Self-criticism, Dependency and Efficacy), defense mechanisms (Mature, Immature and Emotion-avoiding), and depression (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale: CES-D; Radloff, 1977). It was found that Mature defenses were associated only with Efficacy. Extensive use of Immature and Emotion-avoiding defenses was associated with vulnerability to depression. Furthermore, Immature defenses interacted with personality vulnerabilities. Specifically, highly self-critical participants who reported low levels of Immature defense were less depressed than were participants high on both Self-criticism and Immature defense. High Immature defense scores mediated the effect of Dependency on depression. Finally, more severe vulnerability was found when targets both rated themselves and were rated by their best friends as higher on Dependency and/or on Emotion-avoiding defenses. The implications of these findings for the study of the role of defense mechanisms in personality configurations and their susceptibility to depression, as well as for the use of multisource assessment strategies in the study of personality, are discussed. Finally, the practical and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Sala, Maria Nives, Silvia Testa, Francisco Pons, and Paola Molina. "Emotion Regulation and Defense Mechanisms." Journal of Individual Differences 36, no. 1 (February 1, 2015): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000151.

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This study examined the relations between emotion regulation and defense mechanisms as assessed through self-report questionnaires. Participants were 314 undergraduate students at the University of Turin (Faculty of Agricultural Studies, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences and Faculty of Psychology). Correlational analysis identified several associations between emotion regulation strategies and defense mechanisms. A second-order factor model was tested in which each of the dimensions assessed by the defense mechanisms and emotion regulation instruments was assigned to either an adaptive or maladaptive latent dimension. The results suggested that the dimensions of adaptiveness and maladaptiveness may represent a key link between emotion regulation and defense mechanisms.
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Tang, Qingfeng, and Jinlin Peng. "Research on the Influence of Different Psychological Defense Mechanisms on the Psychology of Students." Journal of Contemporary Educational Research 6, no. 5 (May 30, 2022): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/jcer.v6i5.3902.

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The contradiction between id and ego is the root cause of various problems in the growth process of students. On the basis of understanding the functions of different psychological defense mechanisms, teachers can assist students in dealing with all areas of inner conflict and thus achieve a balanced state. Psychological defense mechanism is one of the means for individuals to deal with setbacks and anxiety. It plays an important role in preserving an individual’s mental health. This paper mainly analyzes the impact of different types of psychological defense mechanisms in the growth process of students and discusses its importance as well as its significance. Finally, by analyzing its influencing factors, this paper also proposes strategies for adjusting the psychological defense mechanism, so as to provide reference for teachers in the practical education process.
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Cramer, Phebe. "Defense mechanisms in psychology today: Further processes for adaptation." American Psychologist 55, no. 6 (2000): 637–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.55.6.637.

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Weber, Sandra, William H. Gottdiener, and Cordelia Chou. "Relationship between defense mechanisms and psychopathic traits in an Internet sample." Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic 85, no. 3 (September 2021): 271–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/bumc.2021.85.3.271.

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The authors compared the defense mechanisms used by a community sample of people with and without self-reported psychopathic traits. Defense mechanisms were assessed using the Defense Style Questionnaire-60 and psychopathy was assessed using the Levinson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale in a sample of 225 adults recruited on the Internet. Results found that people with self-reported psychopathy traits used significantly more immature and neurotic defense mechanisms than people without a psychopathic personality profile. All participants reported equal use of mature defenses.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Defense mechanisms (Psychology)"

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Esparza, Jana Scoville. "Validating the Rorschach Defense Scale by Examining Defensive Functioning in College Students." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1988. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501158/.

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This study attempted to provide validation for Lerner and Lerner's Rorschach Defense Scale by investigating the relationship between primitive defenses as measured by the Rorschach Defense Scale, level of object relations as measured by the Developmental Analysis of the Concept of the Object Scale, and characteristic defensive operations as assessed by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. One hundred and twenty undergraduates completed the Rorschach and MMPI, and the RDS and DACOS were applied to their Rorschach responses. The results show a significant positive correlation between use of primitive defenses and level of object relations development -and a significant negative correlation between the defense Projective Identification and MMPI scale 6 (Paranoia) elevation. Overall, these results did not support the validity of the RDS.
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Biernbaum, Mark Aaron. "Attachment style, defense mechanisms, sex, and psychopathological symptom severity : a self-organizational perspective /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9113.

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Williams, Lynley. "Turning against the self a literature review with clinical illustrations : dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Health Science, Auckland University of Technology, January 2005 /." Abstract Full dissertation, 2005.

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Demitrack, Elise. "Mechanisms of Gastric Defense against Luminal Acid and Helicobacter pylori." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1275937800.

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Knox, Dayan. "Nucleus basalis cholinergic lesions and defense responses." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1127235519.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 103 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 90-103). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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McNiel, Patrick D. "Implicit and explicit measures." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28132.

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Sadler, Lyn M. "Ego Mechanisms of Defense among Child Victims of Sexual Abuse: a TAT Analysis." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278379/.

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Using the Defense Mechanism Manual (Cramer, 1991), Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) stories of 29 sexually abused female subjects and 28 non-abused female clinical control subjects were rated for the frequency of use of denial, projection, and identification.
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Petraglia, Jonathan. "Defense mechanisms in psychotheraphy: an examination of the therapeutic techniques employed by therapists in-session." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=122971.

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Psychodynamic psychotherapy emphasizes the unconscious aspects of experience in the therapeutic process. Within this theoretical framework lie unconscious mental processes that aim to protect an individual from unwanted thoughts, emotions, and anxiety referred to as defense mechanisms. Research has shown that defense mechanisms are both an empirically robust and clinically meaningful construct (e.g., Hentschel, Smith, Draguns, & Ehlers, 2004). This thesis presents research that aims to study the intersection of therapeutic technique and defense mechanisms in psychodynamic psychotherapy. The thesis is divided into 5 chapters and includes three manuscripts. The first manuscript reviews and synthesizes the body of work pertaining to defense mechanisms in the psychodynamic literature with an emphasis on how these sources can subsequently inform the direction of empirical research studies in psychodynamic research. Consensus meetings with other researchers were used to organize, reorder, and integrate findings; this resulted in the construction of a table of "principles" that represent the conclusions of the first study. Psychoanalytic thinkers consistently identified one of these principles, defense interpretation depth, as an important clinical axiom. In Manuscripts 2 and 3, two empirical investigations that examined this principle are presented. The first empirical study compared low-alliance and high-alliance sessions for a sample of patients seen in short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (40 sessions). The results indicated that while overall defensive functioning (ODF) was similar in the two alliance groups, therapists tended to make "deeper" defense interpretations in those sessions identified as low-alliance sessions. The second empirical study also examined defense interpretation depth; however, in this case the moment-to-moment therapist-patient interactions were examined using lag sequential analysis. Results indicated that defense interpretation depth followed a predictable pattern in low-alliance sessions. These results are discussed and implications for future research and practice are explored.
La psychothérapie psychodynamique met l'accent sur les aspects inconscients de l'expérience dans le processus thérapeutique. Dans ce cadre théorique, se trouvent des processus mentaux inconscients qui visent à protéger l'individu des pensées indésirables, des émotions et l'anxiété, appelés mécanismes de défense. La recherche a montré que les mécanismes de défense sont à la fois une construction empirique robuste et cliniquement significative (Hentschel, Smith, Draguns, & Ehlers, 2004). Cette thèse présente une recherche qui vise à étudier l'intersection de la technique thérapeutique et des mécanismes de défense en psychothérapie psychodynamique. La thèse est divisée en cinq chapitres. Le premier chapitre examine et synthétise l'ensemble des travaux portant sur les mécanismes de défense de la littérature psychodynamique avec un accent sur la façon dont ces sources peuvent ensuite influencer la direction des études empiriques dans la recherche psychodynamique. Des réunions de consensus avec d'autres chercheurs ont été utilisées pour organiser, réorganiser et intégrer les résultats. Celà permit la construction d'un tableau de «principes» qui présente les conclusions de la première étude. Les experts psychanalytiques identifient systématiquement l'un de ces principes, la profondeur de l'interprétation de la défense, comme un axiome clinique importante. La prochaine étape, chapitres deux et trois, comprend deux études empiriques qui ont examiné ce principe. La première étude empirique a comparé des séances « d'alliance faible » et de « grande alliance » pour un échantillon de patients vus en psychothérapie psychodynamique à court terme (40 séances). Les résultats ont indiqué que, bien que le fonctionnement défensif global (ODF) fût similaire dans les deux groupes de l'alliance, les thérapeutes ont tendance à «approfondir» les interprétations de la défense de ces séances identifiées comme séances « alliance faible ». La deuxième étude empirique a également examiné la profondeur de l'interprétation de la défense, mais dans ce cas, les interactions patient-thérapeute d'un moment à l'autre ont été examinées en utilisant une analyse séquentielle. De même pour l'autre étude, les résultats ont indiqué que la profondeur d'interprétation de la défense a suivi une tendance prévisible dans les séances « alliance faible ». Ces résultats sont discutés et les implications pour la recherche et la pratique future sont explorées.
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Mnguni, Peliwe Pelisa. "Mutuality, reciprocity and mature relatedness a psychodynamic perspective on sustainability /." Swinburne Research Bank, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/22485.

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Thesis (PhD) - Australian Graduate School of Entrepreneurship, Swinburne University of Technology - 2008.
Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Australian Graduate School of Entrepreneurship, Swinburne University of Technology, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 212-236).
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Tweeten, Susan D. "Coping Strategies of Urban Pre-Adolescent Children When Faced with Teasing Insults." Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1396717199.

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Books on the topic "Defense mechanisms (Psychology)"

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M, Olff, Godaert G, and Ursin Holger, eds. Quantification of human defence mechanisms. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1991.

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Ihilevich, David. Defense mechanisms: Their classification, correlates, and measurement with the defense mechanisms inventory. Odessa, Fla: Psychological Assessment Resources, 1993.

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Uwe, Hentschel, ed. Defense mechanisms: Theoretical, research and clinical perspectives. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2004.

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Christoph, Werner. Das Unbewusste und die Abwehrmechanismen. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2005.

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K, Ogden Sofía, and Biebers Ashley D, eds. Psychology of denial. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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Hentschel, Uwe, Gudmund J. W. Smith, Wolfram Ehlers, and Juris G. Draguns, eds. The Concept of Defense Mechanisms in Contemporary Psychology. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8303-1.

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Vaillant, George E. Ego mechanisms of defense: A guide for clinicians and researchers. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, 1992.

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1934-, Vaillant George E., ed. Empirical studies of ego mechanisms of defense. Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Press, 1986.

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Ihilevich, David. Defenses in psychotherapy: The clinical application of the defense mechanisms inventory. Owosso, Mich: DMI Associates, 1991.

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Windholz, George. The psychology of human adjustment. 2nd ed. Needham Heights, MA: Ginn Press, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Defense mechanisms (Psychology)"

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Hollway, Wendy. "Defense Mechanisms." In Encyclopedia of Critical Psychology, 378–80. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5583-7_70.

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Hong, Chen. "Defense Mechanisms." In The ECPH Encyclopedia of Psychology, 1–2. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6000-2_290-1.

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Saleh, Saleh Abdulkareem. "Defense Mechanisms and Personality Disorders." In The Psychology of Consciousness: Theory and Practice, 57–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90692-4_5.

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Kline, Paul. "A Critical Perspective on Defense Mechanisms." In The Concept of Defense Mechanisms in Contemporary Psychology, 3–13. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8303-1_1.

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Kreitler, Shulamith, and Hans Kreitler. "The Cognitive Determinants of Defense Mechanisms." In The Concept of Defense Mechanisms in Contemporary Psychology, 152–83. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8303-1_11.

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Gitzinger, Inez. "Defense Styles in Eating Disorders." In The Concept of Defense Mechanisms in Contemporary Psychology, 404–11. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8303-1_27.

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Sjöbäck, Hans. "What Is a Mechanism of Defense?" In The Concept of Defense Mechanisms in Contemporary Psychology, 25–37. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8303-1_3.

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Perry, J. Christopher, Marianne E. Kardos, and Christopher J. Pagano. "The Study of Defenses in Psychotherapy Using the Defense Mechanism Rating Scales (DMRS)." In The Concept of Defense Mechanisms in Contemporary Psychology, 122–32. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8303-1_8.

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Draguns, Juris G. "Exploration of the Relationship Between Anxiety and Defense: Semantic Differential Ratings of Defense Mechanism Test Stimuli." In The Concept of Defense Mechanisms in Contemporary Psychology, 146–51. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8303-1_10.

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Alex Rubino, I., and Nicola Ciani. "Regulative Styles and Defenses: Some Relationships Between the Serial Color-Word Test and the Defense Mechanism Test." In The Concept of Defense Mechanisms in Contemporary Psychology, 296–309. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8303-1_20.

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