Relevant bibliographies by topics / Defenses (Football)

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Defenses (Football)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 27 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Defenses (Football)"

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Stepanenko, V., and V. Pogrebnyi. "Age features of indicators of efficiency of defensive tactical actions of young football players of 11-15 years." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 6(151) (June 29, 2022): 150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2022.6(151).32.

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This article presents the results of studies of age characteristics of indicators of effectiveness of protective tactical actions of young football players at the stage of preliminary basic training. An objective reflection of the effectiveness of defensive tactical actions in competitions of young football players aged 11-15 is the integrated coefficient of effectiveness (EC) of defensive actions, which consists of EC selections, interceptions, headers in defense and counterattacks. Studies have shown that these characteristics do not improve significantly with age. The exception is 14 years of age, where the integrated KE defensive actions, KE interceptions and head games in defense have a probable increase (p <0.05). The probable increase in these indicators coincides with a significant increase at this age in such morphological characteristics as body length in the standing position and the length of the lower extremities. Indicators of the effectiveness of protective actions in the process of competitive activity are positively correlated with each other. Particularly high statistically significant correlations in all age groups of subjects were observed between EC selections and counteractions (p <0.001), as well as between EC interceptions and header defenses.
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Murfree, Jessica R., and Anita M. Moorman. "An Examination and Analysis of Division I Football Game Contracts: Legal Implications of Game Cancellations Due to Hurricanes." Journal of Legal Aspects of Sport 31, no. 1 (February 10, 2021): 123–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/24922.

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In recent years, extreme weather events, namely hurricanes, have compromised the college football schedule in the United States. Incidents of extreme weather have caused the cancellation, postponement, relocation, or otherwise alteration of dozens of Division I college football games in recent years. Focusing primarily on hurricanes, this study will present several concerns related to these storms and extreme weather in the US, and contractual law principles of common law defenses and force majeure clauses as they relate to college football game contracts. The purpose of the present study is to begin to better understand the football game contract inconsistencies that can lead to legal disputes faced by college football programs that deal with these storms, and gain a better insight of the contractual considerations made in light of these storms that are becoming increasinglyfrequent and severe. To do so, college football game contracts were obtained through Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests to select NCAA Division I colleges, internet-based searches, and media exchanges. Analysis of force majeure contract language revealed inconsistent definitions of force majeure events, a limited number of contracts containing specific weather-related force majeure language, and a range of force majeure events leading to the absence of a clear and consistent understanding of how extreme weather-related cancellations would impact the contractual relationships. Recommendations, asa result of the document analysis, are then made for provisionary revision and reconstruction to meet current realistic needs for individual schools. Societal consciousness regarding climate change is adjusting, therefore sport and legal practitioners can reflect this modernization by scrutinizing potential prudent risks.
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Maldonado, M. D., M. Manfredi, J. Ribas-Serna, H. Garcia-Moreno, and J. R. Calvo. "Melatonin administrated immediately before an intense exercise reverses oxidative stress, improves immunological defenses and lipid metabolism in football players." Physiology & Behavior 105, no. 5 (March 2012): 1099–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.12.015.

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Iyai, Simeon Sergius. "Decision Support System for Determining the Position of Players in a Football Team Using the Simple Multi At Tribute Rating Technique." Jurnal Mandiri IT 10, no. 1 (July 30, 2021): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.35335/mandiri.v10i1.101.

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One of the keys to a team's victory in a soccer match is about the composition of players or the placement of a player's position in accordance with the abilities he has in the team. In general, the determination process is carried out manually based on the trainer's estimates. In this way, it is impossible to know the value of a formation/team with a certain composition of players. In this study, the authors create a decision support system that can assist the coach in determining the most appropriate players to occupy a position in the team formation. Various assessment factors that become decision variables in this system will be taken into consideration in choosing their position. The assessment factors used are weight (kg), height (m), assessment of tactical assessment techniques, psychological assessment, physical assessment, knowledge of a player who is judged when a player makes attacks, defenses, transitions, scoring per position: goalkeeper, back, center, front. The author uses the Simple Multi Attribute Rating Technique (SMART) method because it is considered the most suitable in this case. By considering various attributes, the value of each player, the value of the player in a formation, and the value of a team formation can be obtained with good results.
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Armstrong, Gary, and James Rosbrook-Thompson. "Terrorizing defences: Sport in the Liberian civil conflict." International Review for the Sociology of Sport 47, no. 3 (February 3, 2012): 358–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1012690211433480.

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The democratically elected President of Liberia was between 1997 and 2004 also the country’s ‘Chief Patron of Sport’. Enjoying tennis more than team games, the one-time President, Charles Taylor, realized that the electorate’s enthusiasm for the game of football meant that the game could be a useful vehicle with which to associate. As well as funding the salaries of the national ‘Lone Star’ football team, Taylor also sponsored a football team in the national league drawn from his personal militia known as the ‘Anti-Terrorist Unit’ (ATU). Prone to random murder by night, the same players, out of their recognizable uniform and in match kit, respected the rules of the game and the position of the referee. Others seeking the same sporting enjoyment were, when on the field of play in 2003, captured and forced to join the Presidential militia when rebel forces sought to overthrow Taylor. Players of another team – mainly children – were killed mid-match when a rocket-propelled grenade – origins contested – landed in their midst. The Liberian nation’s most famous citizen and one-time FIFA World Footballer of the Year, George Weah, twice fled the country in terror, once when threatened by the forces of the President, and again years later when an angry mob of irate football supporters blamed him for their national football team’s failure to qualify for the World Cup Finals. There was no shortage of incidents in Liberia in the aforementioned years that could be classed as ‘terrorist’ and indeed terrifying; sporting practice at times exemplified the alternatives available to conflict, yet at other times it accentuated the fault lines in what BBC political journalist Fergal Keane famously called Africa’s ‘basket case’.
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Dulibskyy, Andriy, Ihor Оgirko, and Andriі Dulibskyy. "Tactical and strategic orientation sports selection of attacking flange defenders-laterals in football." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 8(139) (August 20, 2021): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2021.8(139).08.

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An important role in the modern strategies of the game of highly qualified football teams belongs to the players who are "responsible" for the control of the playing space in the flank and semi-flank (adjacent to the flank) areas of the football field. Together with players of other roles, they express the creative game potential of the team's flank attack and defence. We are talking about flanking attacking defenders-laterals. The study of the analysis and implementation of sports selection of flank players through the prism of unity with tactical and strategic aspects is an important issue in the theory and practice of football. This also applies to the learning, education, training, improvement and development of the fastest and most correct game thinking and instant tactical and strategic response in the process of game actions of the attacking flank defender-lateral. The aim. Study of tactical and strategic orientation of sports selection of flank lateral defender in modern football strategies. The basic principle of our approach is that in football, as in other team games, the end result is much greater than the simple sum of the game's local actions and components. A methodical set of tools for training, coaching and improving attacking flank defenders-laterals, who are the bearers of the creative potential of team flank attack in modern football strategies, based on the principle of tactical and strategic control of the playing space in the flank areas of the football field. In the zone of defence of "their" goal, and in the zones of creation and completion of dangerous goal moments at the gate of the opposing team.
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Liu, Di. "Research on Analysis of the Defense Strategy of Defense Phase in Football Games." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 3886–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.3886.

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Literature review is employed in this paper to research the principle of the model of football defense strategy. Based on practical experience in football training and competition, this paper summarizes the principle of football defense to offer reference for football couches and players to flexibly the football defense strategy to improve their performance. In this paper, the use of literature, observation, mathematical statistics, comparative analysis of law, the author closely around the “football game from defense to attack at all times to observe the principle of the proposition”, the development of thinking from the following: First of all, from how to improve defense players the ability to observe and analyze the ability to proceed. Followed by observing and analyzing essential game three times, from the information and data in the game to find out the reason why the results and the proposed to do a good job at all times by the attack to observe the importance of defense. Finally passed by the attack on the defensive at all times to observe the principles of analysis, put forward some proposals reference.
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Dias, João, and António Vicente. "O Pontapé de Canto no Futebol: Análise da Organização Defensiva no Mundial de 2018." Journal of Sport Pedagogy & Research 5, no. 3 (2019): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47863/xxkn5329.

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The aim of this study was to analyze, aiming to understand, the defensive organization in football corner kicks situations. After a literature review, variables were defined for the analysis of this situation, and an instrument with 18 variables was constructed. Verified that the instrument was satisfactorily consistent (intra and inter-observer reliability was tested) ensure the quality of the data, 139 corners of the last 16 games of the 2018 World Cup were analyzed. The data collected indicate that the most frequently used type of defensive organization was Mixed Defense with Individual dominance (79.9%) followed by Zonal dominance (15.1%), and with less relevance to Individual Defense (3.6%) and Zonal Defense (1.4%). The results showed a preferred occupancy by the defenders in the central area between goal and the nearest corner post (72.8% of players in this zone before the corner was kicked and 69% at the first touch of the ball after corner be marked). It has also been found that defenders tend to react to the action of opponents starting their move often 0.36s after them. We can conclude that the developed instrument appears to be appropriate and consistent for analysis and understanding of corner kicks in football, allowing improving the defensive organization, either by researchers or coaches.
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Hernández-Mosqueira, Claudio, Humberto Castillo-Quezada, Sebastian Peña-Troncoso, Felipe Hermosilla-Palma, Gustavo Pavez-Adasme, Sandro Fernandes Da Silva, Alexis Caniuqueo-Vargas, Mauricio Cresp-Barria, Hugo Velasquez-Gonzalez, and Jose Fernandes Filho. "Perfil Antropométrico de Futbolistas profesionales de acuerdo a la posición ocupada en el Campo de Juego (Anthropometric profile of professional football players according to the position occupied in the playing field)." Retos 44 (December 26, 2021): 702–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v44i0.90770.

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Objetivo: Analizar las características antropométricas de futbolistas profesionales del club deportivo Ñublense divididos de acuerdo a la posición que ocupan en el campo de juego. Método: Participaron ciento cincuenta y ocho (n=158) jugadores profesionales de Futbol divididos en Arqueros (AR) Defensas (DEF) Volantes (VOL) y Delanteros (DEL), todos pertenecientes al Club Deportivo Ñublense de la ciudad de Chillan, Chile. Se realizó una valoración de la composición corporal utilizando el fraccionamiento en 5 componentes, somatotipo, índice de masa corporal, suma de seis pliegues cutáneos y la relación músculo-óseo, siguiendo el protocolo de la International Society for the Advancements of Kinanthropometry (ISAK). Resultados: En cuanto a la composición corporal se obtuvieron valores porcentuales de Masa Adiposa=21.7%, Masa Muscular=48.9%, Masa Residual=12.4%, Masa Osea=11.4% y Masa Piel=5.2%. En relación al somatotipo se obtuvo una clasificación mesomorfico balanceado con valores medios 2.5-5.4-2.1. Conclusión: Los jugadores profesionales del club de futbol Ñublense de acuerdo a la posición que ocupan en el terreno de juego, presentan un somatotipo similar al de otros futbolistas nacionales e internacionales, donde predomina el componente mesomórfico balanceado. Sin embargo, se observa una elevación de los porcentajes de masa adiposa (MA) y una menor talla, en comparación a futbolistas internacionales, lo que pueden determinar claras diferencias en el rendimiento respecto a las posiciones de juego en situaciones competitivas. Abstract. Objective: Analyze the anthropometric characteristics of Chilean professional soccer players divided according to the position they occupy in the field of play. Method: One hundred and fifty-eight (n = 158) professional soccer players divided into Archers (AR) Defenses (DEF) Volantes (VOL) and Forwards (FOR), with average Age values (24.2 ±4.76 years, body mass 75.0±7.28 kg and height 175.7±6.32 cm.), All belonging to the Ñublense Sports Club of the city of Chillan, Chile. An assessment of the body composition was made using the 5 component fractionation, somatotype, body mass index, sum of six skinfolds and the muscle-bone relationship, following the protocol of the International Society for the Advancements of Kinanthropometry. Results: Regarding body composition, mean values of Adipose Mass = 21.7%, Muscular Mass = 48.9%, Residual Mass = 12.4%, Bone Mass = 11.4% and Skin Mass = 5.2% were obtained. In relation to the somatotype, a balanced mesomorphic classification was obtained with mean values 2.5 - 5.4 - 2.1. Conclusion: According to the position they occupy on the pitch, the professional players of the Ñublense soccer club present a somatotype similar to that of other national and international soccer players, where the balanced mesomorphic component predominates. However, there is an increase in the percentages of adipose mass (AM) and a smaller stature, compared to international soccer players, which can determine clear differences in performance with respect to playing positions in competitive situations.
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Prieto-Lage, Iván, Juan Carlos Argibay-González, Adrián Paramés-González, Alexandra Pichel-Represas, Diego Bermúdez-Fernández, and Alfonso Gutiérrez-Santiago. "Patterns of Injury in the Spanish Football League Players." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 1 (December 27, 2021): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010252.

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Background: The study of football injuries is a subject that concerns the scientific community. The problem of most of the available research is that it is mainly descriptive. The objective of this study is to discover and analyse the patterns of injury in the Spanish Football League (2016–2017 season). Methods: The sample data consisted of 136 given injuries identified by the official physicians of the football clubs. The analysis was performed by using traditional statistic tests, T-pattern detection and polar coordinate analysis. Results: The analysis revealed several patterns of injury: (a) The defender suffered a rupture of the hamstring muscles after a sprint, (b) knee sprains happened due to a received tackle, (c) fibrillar adductor rupture appeared mostly among defenders and (d) fibrillar ruptures took place mostly throughout the first part. Conclusions: There is a marked shift in the tendency regarding the player who gets more injured, from the midfielder to the defender. The most common injury was fibrillar rupture. The most common scenario in which this injury occurred was that in which the player injured himself after a sprint (24%). A week without competing seems to be insufficient as a prevention mechanism for injuries.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Defenses (Football)"

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Headrick, Jonathon. "Dynamics of attacker–defender dyads in Association Football : parameters influencing decision-making." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/45461/1/Jonathon_Headrick_Thesis.pdf.

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Previous work on pattern-forming dynamics of team sports has investigated sub-phases of basketball and rugby union by focussing on one-versus-one (1v1) attacker-defender dyads. This body of work has identified the role of candidate control parameters, interpersonal distance and relative velocity, in predicting the outcomes of team player interactions. These two control parameters have been described as functioning in a nested relationship where relative velocity between players comes to the fore within a critical range of interpersonal distance. The critical influence of constraints on the intentionality of player behaviour has also been identified through the study of 1v1 attacker-defender dyads. This thesis draws from previous work adopting an ecological dynamics approach, which encompasses both Dynamical Systems Theory and Ecological Psychology concepts, to describe attacker-defender interactions in 1v1 dyads in association football. Twelve male youth association football players (average age 15.3 ± 0.5 yrs) performed as both attackers and defenders in 1v1 dyads in three field positions in an experimental manipulation of the proximity to goal and the role of players. Player and ball motion was tracked using TACTO 8.0 software (Fernandes & Caixinha, 2003) to produce two-dimensional (2D) trajectories of players and the ball on the ground. Significant differences were found for player-to-ball interactions depending on proximity to goal manipulations, indicating how key reference points in the environment such as the location of the goal may act as a constraint that shapes decision-making behaviour. Results also revealed that interpersonal distance and relative velocity alone were insufficient for accurately predicting the outcome of a dyad in association football. Instead, combined values of interpersonal distance, ball-to-defender distance, attacker-to-ball distance, attacker-to-ball relative velocity and relative angles were found to indicate the state of dyad outcomes.
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Šimonovský, Petr. "Analýza ofenzivní činnosti po aktivní obraně." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-324894.

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Title: Analysis of Offence after Active Defence Objectives: The primary objective of this thesis is to implement quantitative and qualitative analysis of offence after reaching the ball during active defence within Bayern Munich matches. Attacks finished with a shot or a final pass. Consequently, the aims in view will be evaluated. Methods: The work uses the indirect observation method in particular matches which were available due to video records. Successful attacks were analysed according to quantity and quality. This analysis is focused on a detailed study of each attack from its foundig thanks to gaining the ball during active defence to its ending. Results: The results show the types and models realized during the monitored attacks of Bayern Munich team within the UEFA Champions League 2012/2013. Further, offensive and defensive phases of the game in the modern aspect of football are clarified. Last but not least, we are able to apply the models in question to different achievement groups. Keywords: UEFA Champions League 2012/2013, football, active defence, offence, cooperation, Bayern Munich, quantitative analysis, qualitative analysis
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Books on the topic "Defenses (Football)"

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Hand, Leo. Attacking football defenses with radar blocking. West Nyack, N.Y: Parker Pub. Co., 1985.

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Attacking football defenses with radar blocking. West Nyack, N.Y: Parker Pub. Co., 1985.

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Black, Al. Attacking modern defenses with bellyoption football. West Nyack, N.Y: Parker Pub. Co., 1985.

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Koehler, Mike. Counterattack: Beating football's attack defenses. West Nyack, N.Y: Parker Pub. Co., 1986.

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Black, Al. Attacking modern defenses with belly option football. West Nyack, N.Y: Parker Pub. Co., 1985.

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Hayes, Jonathan. Necessary toughness: Facing defenses and diabetes. Alexandria, Va: American Diabetes Association, 1993.

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The best NFL defenses of all time. Minneapolis, MN: ABDO Pub. Co., 2013.

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Football: Defense. New York: Harper & Row, 1986.

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Lloyd, Bryant. Football--the defense. Vero Beach, Fla: Rourke Book Co., 1997.

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Wilkinson, Bud. Football: Winning defense. New York: Sports Illustrated, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Defenses (Football)"

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Kadlac, Adam. "A Cautious Defense of Football." In The Ethics of Sports Fandom, 77–94. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003223696-6.

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Brunssen, Pavel, Robert Claus, and Peter Römer. "‘Defenders of European culture’ – ‘refugee crisis,’1 football hooliganism and the right-wing shift in Europe2." In Football, Politics and Identity, 108–25. Daniel Parnell, Paul Widdop, Martin J. Power and Stephen R. Millar. Description: Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. | Series: Critical research in football: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003002628-8.

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Miyamoto, Michiko, and Yuji Kaneki. "Measuring Tactics of Taking the Ball Away from Defenders in the Japanese Football League." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 336–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94000-7_35.

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Tamte, Roger R. "Critics and Defenders." In Walter Camp and the Creation of American Football, 175–80. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252041617.003.0031.

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Some American opinion leaders such as E. L. Godkin, editor of the Nation and the New York Evening Post, attack American football in 1893 as “brutal.” Later that year, a committee chaired by Camp sends questionnaires asking former American football players about their injury experience and other effects of playing football. Out of nearly one thousand replies, the vast majority report no significant permanent injury and were glad they had played. A medical doctor responsible for caring for Harvard’s varsity and intramural players reports his experience and data in a leading medical journal; he favors continuing football but advocates players have a physical exam before competing. A leading college president, Francis Walker of MIT, gives a major talk in which he defends college sports, including football, and says he believes most college presidents see good in them.
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"8. Celina, 1974: The Birth of the 10-1 Defense." In The Republic of Football, 45–51. University of Texas Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7560/303719-009.

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Tamte, Roger R. "Rivalry Demands Rules." In Walter Camp and the Creation of American Football, 120–28. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252041617.003.0022.

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Harvard alleges Princeton’s 1889 football team includes professional players, paid for playing baseball in the summer. Camp proposes the first eligibility provision in the Intercollegiate Football Association constitution, barring professionals (paid for any sport, not only football) from IFA teams, and the Graduate Advisory Committee approves the provision. Later, by a 3–2 vote, the GAC refuses to apply the provision against Princeton because Harvard’s action was filed too late for Princeton to prepare a defense. Harvard leaves the IFA, and some supporters of both Harvard and Yale promote a “dual league” limited to those two schools; negotiations proceed but do not result in an agreement, and Camp says it was never contemplated that the schools would limit their contests to only one another.
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"Figure 1. The factors of defense performance analysis in this study." In Science and Football V, 263. Routledge, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203412992-94.

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"Table 1. Self-reported scores of hesitation defence." In Science and Football V, 435–36. Routledge, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203412992-161.

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"Defence Performance Analysis of Rugby Union: The Turnover-play Structure." In Science and Football V, 262. Routledge, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203412992-93.

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Karapapa, Stavroula. "Transient Uses and Temporary Copying." In Defences to Copyright Infringement, 112–37. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795636.003.0004.

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This chapter discusses defences that exempt certain activities from infringement on the basis of their transient or incidental character. These tend to be of paramount importance in cases of electronic communications and, more specifically, on the Internet as a result of the very nature and function of online networks. The exception available for temporary copying, for instance, which features in Article 5(1) of the Information Society Directive, has specifically been drafted with a view to covering online activities, such as caching and browsing, that enhance the efficiency of the Internet. Subject to discussion is the temporary copying exception in its broader contextual framework, including the relevant statutory provisions and case law, such as Infopaq I and II, Football Association Premier League, Meltwater, and Filmspeler decisions. It is argued that although Article 5(1) of the Information Society Directive takes, organically, the form of a copyright exception, the relevant provision should be better understood to be setting a scope limitation on the reproduction right and an exemption from copyright infringement.
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Conference papers on the topic "Defenses (Football)"

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Lages, José, Justin Loye, Célestin Coquidé, and Guillaume Rollin. "Google matrix analysis of worldwide football mercato." In CARMA 2018 - 2nd International Conference on Advanced Research Methods and Analytics. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/carma2018.2018.8358.

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The worldwide football transfer market is analyzed as a directed complex network: the football clubs are the network nodes and the directed edges are weighted by the total amount of money transferred from a club to another. The Google matrix description allows to treat every club independently of their richness and allows to measure for a given club the efficiency of player sales and player acquisitions. The PageRank algorithm, developed initially for the World Wide Web, naturally characterizes the ability of a club to import players. The CheiRank algorithm, also developed to analyze large scale directed complex networks, characterizes the ability of a club to export players. The analysis in the two-dimensional PageRank-CheiRank plan permits to determine the transfer balance of the clubs in a more subtle manner than the traditional import-export scheme. We investigate the 2017-2018 mercato concerning 2296 clubs, 6698 player transfers, and 147 player nationalities. The transfer balance is determined globally for different types of player trades (defender, midfielder, forward, …) and for different national football leagues. Although, on average, the network transfer flows from and to clubs are balanced, the discrimination by player type draws a specific portrait of each football club.
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Wu, ason, Evan Gunnell, and Yu Sun. "PlayGuessr: Commercial Application of Machine Learning in Football Play Prediction." In 5th International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology (COMIT 2021). Academy and Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2021.111714.

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The offensive strategy in American football strives to be enigmatic. A strong offense has a well rounded offensive playbook, rotating offensive plays in attempts to disrupt any predictive patterns. Therefore, it has always been in theinterest of defensive coordinators to offer accurate predictions of the upcoming play to minimize offensive yardage gain. A well advised defense can change its positioning and coverage schemes, given solely whether the next play will be a run or a pass. Although coaches have developed traditional heuristics for tendency-based play prediction, they are limited to patterns discerned by human consciousness.
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Brabu, Dumitru. "NEGATIVE TRANSITION IN THE FOOTBALL GAME, THE FIRST DEFENSE PRINCIPLE OF SUCCESS." In 4th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2017/15/s05.088.

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Modrić, Toni, Šime Veršić, and Nikola Foretić. "Match running performance in relation to a playing position in Croatian Football League." In 12th International Conference on Kinanthropology. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-19.

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Global popularity of football (soccer) has led to implementation of scientific and technolog-ical knowledge in its everyday use. One of such things that has been expanding in recent years is the application of various technologies for monitoring running performance during trainings and matches. The aim of this study was to evaluate match running performance of professional football/soccer players during oficial matches by using global positioning sys-tem (GPS) technology, and to compare it among playing positions. One hundred and one match performance of “Hajduk” team in 14 matches of Croatian Football League season 2018/2019 were used for this study. The activities of the players were monitored using GPS technology (Catapult S5 and X4 devices, Melbourne, Australia) with a sampling frequency of 10 Hz. Total distance covered, distance in different speed cat-egories, total and high intensity accelerations and decelerations were analyzed for players in five different playing positions: central defenders (n=26), full-backs (n=24), midfielders (n=33), wingers (n=10), and forwards (n=8). Additionally, running performances were cor-related with InStat index, regular performance indicator which is calculated on the basis of unique set of key parameters for each position (12 to 14 factors). Average total distance covered during match was 10.3 km, with midfielders covering larg-est (11.1 km) and central backs covering smallest average distance (9.3 km). Playing po-sitions differed significantly in high intensity running (F-test = 21.97 and 18.84, p 25 km/h, respectively). The side positions (wingers and full-backs) covered highest-, while central defenders covered lowest-average distance (914, 775, and 376 m, respectively). The wingers had highest number of high intensity accelerations and decelerations (> 3 m/s2; F-test = 16.56 and 17.98, p 0.5 m/s2; F-test = 6.57, and 15.26, p < 0.01, respectively). InStat index was not correlated with data ob-tained by GPS measurement. Results from this study indicate that running demands differ depending on playing positions so these findings should be applied in creating training plan and program. Future studies should evaluate data from multiple teams for getting more applicable findings.
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Harig, Roland, Gerhard Matz, Peter Rusch, Hans-Hennig Gerhard, Jörn-Hinnrich Gerhard, and Volker Schlabs. "Infrared remote sensing of hazardous vapours: surveillance of public areas during the FIFA Football World Cup 2006." In Defense and Security Symposium, edited by Edward M. Carapezza. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.720227.

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