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Journal articles on the topic 'Deference politeness'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2025
Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Rizqiya, Rissa San. "PRINCIPLE OF MUTUAL CONSIDERATION IN SUNDANESE CULTURE (An Analysis on Sundanese Puppet Show entitled Kitab Sastra Jendra Rahayu Ningrat by Asep Sunandar Sunarya)." ELTIN JOURNAL, Journal of English Language Teaching in Indonesia 5, no. 1 (2017): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22460/eltin.v5i1.p27-34.

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Politeness is defined as language use or communication in order to avoid humiliation of both speaker and hearer. Deference refers to the use of language to show respect after considering aspects that urge the speaker to do so. The goal of deference is to satisfy the hearer (facesatisfying act). Deference and politeness are sometimes mixed up between one another (Aziz, 2008). The Principle of Mutual Consideration is offered by Aziz (2008)to complete the existing politeness theory. It is based on the causality law, which means a speaker should consider the result that may occur that is caused by
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Jae-Woong Choe. "Politeness by Manifestation of Deference." Language Facts and Perspectives 45, no. ll (2018): 161–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.20988/lfp.2018.45..161.

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van der Wijst, Per. "Beleefdheid en Sociale Afstand in Onderhandelingsgesprekken." Taalproduktie 48 (January 1, 1994): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.48.13wij.

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Negotiators mostly face a double task: on the one hand they must achieve a good result, and on the other hand they must establish or maintain a good relationship with their counterpart. This paper focusses on the latter part of the negotiator's task and, in particular on how this relational management is reflected in their language behaviour. A corpus of 28 simulated negotiations was studied within the framework of Brown and Levinson's theory of politeness. As predicted by this theory, negotiators who are not familiar with each other use more politeness strategies than negotiators who know eac
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Syarifuddin, Nurjannah, Abdul Hakim Yassi, and Harlinah Sahib. "A Comparison between English and Makassarese Politeness System: A Comparative Study." ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities 5, no. 1 (2022): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.34050/elsjish.v5i1.19102.

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This study aimed to describe the dominant variable that affected in use of politeness systems and to analyse the process of native speakers of English and Makassar in using the politeness system through conversations. The method of this study was the quantitative method and used statistic frequency. In this study, there are two variables that affected politeness. These data were processed based on the identification, classification, description, grouping, and calculation. Yassi’s theoretical framework found there are six politeness strategies. The strategies are deference in non-kinship, defer
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Shin, Gi-Hyun. "Interpersonal grammar of Korean." Interpersonal Meaning 25, no. 1 (2018): 20–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/fol.17017.shi.

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Abstract This paper provides an account of interpersonal resources in Korean from the perspective of Systemic Functional Linguistics. The focus is upon the paradigmatic interdependency of addressee deference, mood, stance and politeness, and the syntagmatic interaction of their realisations with polarity, modality, vocation and the participant deference in this language. Specifically, this paper puts two arguments forward. One is that the system of formality is fundamental in Korean. The system has two choices: formal and informal. mood and addressee deference belong to formal resources, and i
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Candra, Oktiva Herry. "Sound Change as Media for Showing Deference." Culturalistics: Journal of Cultural, Literary, and Linguistic Studies 4, no. 1 (2020): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/culturalistics.v4i1.8183.

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AbstractJavanese language shows a dynamic change when used in daily communication. The change represented by vowels and consonants as a speaker alternates from Ngoko to Krama is not only a phenomenon of phonetics but also a phenomenon of intention. A speaker changes his linguistic code to meet social functions of language. One of them is that the change of phoneme represents the way of Javanese people when they give respect or honor to others. Phonetically, the change of phoneme will result in different mouth shapes as these phonemes are produced. According to Javanese, the shape of mouth is i
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Akbari, Alireza, and Mohammadtaghi Shahnazari. "Revisited Strategies of Politeness Translation in 'The Simpsons' Sitcom." Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 20, no. 3 (2017): 5–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5782/2223-2621.2017.20.3.5.

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Generally, the role of politeness in society can never be legitimately repudiated. In this direction, politeness and its role in translation studies would be considered as a universal phenomenon across languages and cultures. However, every language has its special system of expressing and translating politeness expression in order to satiate the needs of the target audience completely. Therefore, translator as 'Sprachmittler' may confront with particular and culture-bound politeness facets which can a paramount source of difficulty for them. Hence, deciphering the points of similarities and d
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Nuzulia, Rahma, and Pradipta Agustina. "English Literature Students’ Pragmatic Knowledge: Analysis of Strategy and Politeness of Refusal." SALEE: Study of Applied Linguistics and English Education 3, no. 2 (2022): 296–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.35961/salee.v3i2.486.

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This study investigates and describes English literature students’ pragmatic knowledge in uttering English refusal statements in different situations (request, invitation, suggestion, offering). The purpose of this study is to analyze and describe students’ refusal strategy and politeness strategy while uttering English refusal. The participants in this study consisted of twenty-five undergraduate students, 7 males and 18 females, enrolled in the second and sixth semesters of the English literature department of Diponegoro University. The only instrument used by researchers in this study was a
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Brown, Lucien, and Bodo Winter. "Multimodal indexicality in Korean: “doing deference” and “performing intimacy” through nonverbal behavior." Journal of Politeness Research 15, no. 1 (2019): 25–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pr-2016-0042.

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Abstract This study investigates the nonverbal behaviors used in two interconnected relational practices in Korean: “doing deference” towards status superiors and “performing intimacy” towards status equals. We extracted 154 interactions from Korean televised dramas that represented these two relational practices, and annotated the data for various nonverbal behaviors, including body position and orientation, facial expressions, manual gestures, and touching. Our analyses showed that the protagonists in the dramas altered their nonverbal behavior between the two relational practices according
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Jucker, Andreas H. "Positive and negative face as descriptive categories in the history of English." Understanding Historical (Im)Politeness 12, no. 1-2 (2011): 178–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.12.1-2.08juc.

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Studies in the history of politeness in English have generally relied on the notions of positive and negative face. While earlier work argued that a general trend from positive politeness to negative politeness can be observed, more recent work has shown that in Old English and in Middle English face concerns were not as important as in Modern English and that, in certain contexts, there are also opposing tendencies from negative to positive politeness. In this paper, I focus in more detail on the notions of positive and negative face and follow up earlier suggestions that for negative face a
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Wang, Yixin. "Politeness and pragmatic transfer in L2 pronominal address usage." Spanish in Context 19, no. 1 (2022): 25–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sic.19018.wan.

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Abstract This study investigates how Chinese learners of Spanish, who have a T/V distinction in their first language (L1), use the T/V address forms in Spanish as a second language (L2). Findings show that the learners rely mainly on their L1 pragmatic knowledge to employ the T/V in the L2. Despite having relatively good grammatical control of T/V, the learners produced frequent T/V alternation due to negative pragmatic transfer. In Chinese using V normally conveys speaker’s perception of a high-power differential and in relationships that are borderline T or V usage, shifting from T to V can
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Tiisala, Seija. "Power and politeness." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 5, no. 2 (2004): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.5.2.03tii.

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The power structures in northern Baltic Europe in the Middle Ages can be studied through the correspondence between the Swedish authorities and the Hanseatic Councils. The letters were written in three languages: Latin, Low German and Swedish. Low German was the dominant language in the correspondence from the fifteenth century onwards. The aim of the paper is to examine the ways in which power relationships are manifested, including choice of language, conventional expressions of politeness, use of laudatory adjectives when addressing the recipient, use of adverbs to express deference or hedg
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Eliyana, Ema. "INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT: POLITENESS STRATEGY IN THE SPEECH OF THE INDONESIAN PRESIDENT, JOKOWI." CaLLs (Journal of Culture, Arts, Literature, and Linguistics) 9, no. 2 (2023): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/calls.v9i2.12230.

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Pragmatism is an important factor to take into consideration when developing political speech because the main goal of political speech is to communicate with the public and foster trust. 1) Identify the constructive and destructive forms of politeness employed in President Jokowi's statements. 2) To determine how frequently President Jokowi used positive and negative strategies in his speech. In this study, a qualitative research design was used. Using document analysis, it is possible to pinpoint the diplomatic techniques Jokowi employed during his speeches. According to the analysis, more p
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Azwan, Azwan. "POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF REFUSALS TO REQUESTS BY AMBONESE COMMUNITY." LINGUA: Journal of Language, Literature and Teaching 15, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30957/lingua.v15i1.418.

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The study aims to determine the politeness strategies of refusal used by the Ambonese in refusing requests, and to determine the affects of social relationship towards politeness strategies of refusal used by the Ambonese in refusing requests. The data were taken from 25 respondents of Ambonese in Namlea sub-district, Buru Regency of Maluku Province by recording the conversations in any situation and taking note to remember every little thing that would be happened between the interlocutors. The analysis was conducted by using descriptive qualitative method. The results showed that Ambonese pe
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Azwan, Azwan. "POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF REFUSALS TO REQUESTS BY AMBONESE COMMUNITY." LINGUA: Journal of Language, Literature and Teaching 15, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30957/lingua.v15i1.425.

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The study aims to determine the politeness strategies of refusal used by the Ambonese in refusing requests, and to determine the affects of social relationship towards politeness strategies of refusal used by the Ambonese in refusing requests. The data were taken from 25 respondents of Ambonese in Namlea sub-district, Buru Regency of Maluku Province by recording the conversations in any situation and taking note to remember every little thing that would be happened between the interlocutors. The analysis was conducted by using descriptive qualitative method. The results showed that Ambonese pe
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Azwan, Azwan. "POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF REFUSALS TO REQUESTS BY AMBONESE COMMUNITY." LINGUA: Journal of Language, Literature and Teaching 15, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30957/lingua.v15i1.440.

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The study aims to determine the politeness strategies of refusal used by the Ambonese in refusing requests, and to determine the affects of social relationship towards politeness strategies of refusal used by the Ambonese in refusing requests. The data were taken from 25 respondents of Ambonese in Namlea sub-district, Buru Regency of Maluku Province by recording the conversations in any situation and taking note to remember every little thing that would be happened between the interlocutors. The analysis was conducted by using descriptive qualitative method. The results showed that Ambonese pe
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Trisnawati, Winda. "Politeness Strategies of Students in Communication By Whatsapps." Journal Of Language Education and Development (JLed) 2, no. 2 (2020): 306–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.52060/jled.v2i2.285.

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This research was about politeness strategies of students in communication by whatsapp to lecturer. This research aimed to describe positive politeness strategies and negative politeness strategies that students used in communication by whatsapp.
 It was descriptive research design and qualitative and quantitative approach. The data of this research was whatsapp texts of English Department Students STKIP Muhammadiyah Muara Bungo. This research used purposive technique sampling. The The method of collecting data used observational method. The technique of collecting data used Non Participa
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Thompson, Rachel Akusika, and Jemima Asabea Anderson. "Perception of politeness: some perspectives from Ghana." Journal of Politeness Research 15, no. 1 (2019): 101–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pr-2014-0008.

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Abstract This study gives an account of what Ghanaians perceive as politeness in their daily interactions by gathering data from interviews granted by residents of Accra, Kumasi and Ho. The residents selected as respondents are people whose ages are above fifty years and who have lived in any of the communities for at least twenty years. The study shows that among Ghanaians, politeness is the use of any communicative behaviour that expresses respect or deference. Some of such communicative behaviours identified are greetings, the use of titles and honorifics, the use of “please” and “thank you
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Widagdo, Titis Bayu, Djatmika Amos, and Henry Yustanto. "Strategy Politeness of Werkudara in Wayang purwa." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 3, no. 6 (2020): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2020.3.6.12.

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Wayang purwa is a noble culture of Javanese people which is the pride of the Indonesian people and is recognized internationally as a masterpiece. The nobleness of the puppet culture is inseparable from the strong characterization of each character in the puppet. One of the strongest characters in wayang purwa is Werkudara. This research focused on the analysis of Werkudara politeness strategies in wayang purwa in order to explore the characterizations played by Werkudara characters. This research used the politeness theory of Brown & Levinson to deepen the results of the politeness strate
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Hi Saleh, Zulkifli, and Alkadri Ajwan. "Critical Dscourse Analysis on The Issue of Environmentally and Socially Damaged Nickel Mining for the Benefit of Foreign Countries in The Media of Fajar Malut." J-LELC: Journal of Language Education, Linguistics, and Culture 3, no. 3 (2023): 214–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/j-lelc.2023.14039.

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The problem discussed in this study is a negative politeness strategy. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method because it aims to describe and classify various negative politeness strategies in the KompasTV YouTube video about the talk show "Why Batak People Become Lawyers" in the series "The Interview with Tukul Eps 2 Part 5 ". The results of this study are the first. The negative politeness strategy "minimise the imposition (reduce the power or threat to the face of the interlocutor)" namely "please please from Bang Ruhut first, please", second. A negative politenes
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Qodriyatul Jannah, Isnaini. "Analysis of Politeness Strategies in TalkShow Events on the Kompastv YouTube Channel." J-LELC: Journal of Language Education, Linguistics, and Culture 3, no. 3 (2023): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/j-lelc.2023.13901.

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The problem discussed in this study is a negative politeness strategy. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method because it aims to describe and classify various negative politeness strategies in the KompasTV YouTube video about the talk show "Why Batak People Become Lawyers" in the series "The Interview with Tukul Eps 2 Part 5 ". The results of this study are the first. The negative politeness strategy "minimise the imposition (reduce the power or threat to the face of the interlocutor)" namely "please please from Bang Ruhut first, please", second. A negative politenes
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Syah, Nur Aini. "POLITENESS STRATEGY PERFORMED IN SATU JAM LEBIH DEKAT TALK SHOW ON TV ONE: A PRAGMATIC APPROACH." ELTALL: English Language Teaching, Applied Linguistic and Literature 2, no. 1 (2021): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21154/eltall.v2i1.2727.

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Talk show program on TV One is a program that uses language as a means of communication. To create the success of cummunication, it needs a strategy. This study aims to find out the politeness srategies used in Satu Jam Lebih Dekat talk show on TV One. The method used in this article is descriptive qualitative method. The data source of this research is oral data source, which is focused on the speeches between the presenter, interviewees, and mystery guest with the sources from a number of ministers in our country by downloading on the site www.youtube.com. For data analysis technique, the re
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SUPRIADIN, SUPRIADIN. "THE COMPARISON OF POLITE REQUEST STRATEGY USED BY STUDENTS OF BIMA AND SASAK IN MATARAM UNIVERSITY." GANEC SWARA 13, no. 2 (2019): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.35327/gara.v13i2.96.

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This study aims to investigate the use of polite requesting strategy by students of Sasak and Bima in Mataram University. The data were obtained based on a questionnaire of politeness in three socially different situations, the Sasak and Bima people as participants in this study were asked to make requests in the three situations. The situations were classified according to the three politeness systems on the basis of social relationship between speaker and addressee: hierarchy, deference, and solidarity. This study demonstrates that both groups tend to use the query preparatory strategy in ma
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Bax, Marcel, and Nanne Streekstra. "Civil rites." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 4, no. 2 (2003): 303–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.4.2.09bax.

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We shall be concerned with a mode of epistolary politeness that marks a special category of ritual language use. Taking examples from the correspondence between Hooft and Huygens, two notable representatives of the Dutch Republic’s cultural elite, we will establish, first, that the notions and methods of the modern language-and-politeness paradigm are well-suited tools for exploring politeness phenomena occurring in seventeenth-century Dutch. Next we will argue that, in cases like the one under study, negatively polite ostentation is by and large a ritual affair, particularly since the use of
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Salazar-Campillo, Patricia. "Address forms and politeness markers in Spanish students' emails to faculty." Revista Electrónica de Lingüística Aplicada 21, no. 1 (2023): 58–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.58859/rael.v21i1.501.

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In the present era of global online communication, email exchanges are one the most common means of interaction between students and professors (Tseng, 2015). However, emails may convey an impolite tone if students do not take status or power imbalance into account to show politeness (Economidou-Kogetsidis, 2011). The present study explored the informal second person pronoun of address (tú) and the formal one (usted) in first and follow-up requestive emails sent by Spanish students. In addition, some structural elements to show politeness in the emails were also examined. Although students had
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Azwan, Azwan. "THE STRATEGIES OF POLITENESS USED BY THE AMBONESE IN REFUSING INVITATIONS." JURNAL BASIS 8, no. 1 (2021): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.33884/basisupb.v8i1.3687.

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The aims of this research is to determine the strategies of politeness refusal used by the Ambonese in refusing invitations, and to determine the effects of social relationship towards the strategies of politeness used by the Ambonese in refusing invitations, The research used a descriptive qualitative approach. The data were collected from direct observation by recording the conversations in any situation between the interlocutors. The data were analyzed based on Yassi’s six models of politeness system, and classifies the strategies of politeness which are formulated by Brown and Levinson, Th
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Surjowati, Ribut. "Politeness Strategies used by the Students with Regional Multicultural Background." NOBEL: Journal of Literature and Language Teaching 12, no. 1 (2021): 112–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/nobel.2021.12.1.112-135.

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his study aimed to describe the politeness strategy used by the students of Language and Science Faculty in Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya University with different regional multicultural backgrounds. The data in this qualitative study were taken from 20 participants, in which 10 participants were non-Javanese, and 10 participants were Javanese. The data were collected, documented, transcribed, reduced, and coded to make the analysis easier. The analysis was done by following these procedures 1) the data were classified based on the students’ place of origin, types of politeness, and the strategies th
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Berowa, Annie Mae. "Contrasting Asian Politeness Strategies in Business Email Communications: China, Hongkong and The Philippines." JEE (Journal of English Education) 8, no. 2 (2022): 142–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.30606/jee.v8i2.1523.

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The study of politeness has become one of the most interesting topics being explored in the field of contrastive writing. This attention is brought by the very basic notion that politeness is culturally defined that varies from one context to another. The present study aims to determine the different and frequently used politeness strategies in business emails from China, Hong Kong, and the Philippines. Following the politeness framework of Danescu-Nicuescu-Mizil, Sudhof, Jurafsky, Leskovec, and Potts (2013), it was found that, generally, the three countries frequently used the please (start)
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Anuar, Nadia, and Nurizah Md Ngadiran. "An Appeal to the People: Politeness Strategies in the Malaysian Prime Minister’s Maiden Speech." International Journal of Modern Languages And Applied Linguistics 5, no. 2 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/ijmal.v5i2.13206.

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The use of politeness strategies has received increasing attention in the political discourse as a powerful persuasion tool. These strategies became critical for the newly appointed prime minister of Malaysia, Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin, to convince Malaysians that he is qualified to lead the country during a political upheaval and global pandemic. Thus, the objectives of this paper are to identify the types and frequency of the politeness strategies used by Muhyiddin Yassin in his maiden speech as the eighth prime minister of Malaysia. Two categories of politeness strategies based on Brown and
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Nurlayli, Riszha, and Widyastuti Widyastuti. "Negative Politeness Strategies Used by American Girl in TV Series Emily in Paris." J-Lalite: Journal of English Studies 3, no. 1 (2022): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jes.2022.3.1.5935.

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The objective of this study is to identify and describe the negative politeness strategies across cultures. The use of politeness strategies will differ depending on the context and the factors that influence it. With regard to that, the TV series Emily in Paris was chosen for this study in which Emily Cooper, the main character, played the young American girl who is hired by a marketing company in Paris. This study applies the theory of politeness proposed by Brown and Levinson (1987) and the supporting theory by Holmes and Wilson (2017) about social factors that can affect politeness. This r
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Julius and Ambalegin Ambalegin. "NEGATIVE POLITENESS STRATEGIES USED BY MAIN CHARACTER IN “THE IMITATION GAME”." IdeBahasa 3, no. 2 (2021): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.37296/idebahasa.v3i2.62.

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This research aims to find out types of negative politeness strategies expressed by the main character in the movie titled The Imitation Game. This research is categorised as descriptive qualitative research. The data of the research were taken from utterances identified as negative politeness strategies by the main character “Alan Turing” and analysed with theory proposed by (Brown & Levinson, 1988). Data were collected using the observation and non-participatory method. Additionally, to analyse the data, pragmatic identity method were used. The result discovered in this research are; 5 b
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Marfirah, Laila, and Afriana Afriana. "Negative Politeness Strategies in ”The Menu” Movie." IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature 11, no. 1 (2023): 492–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.24256/ideas.v11i1.3825.

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The aim of study discovers the different types of negative politeness methods is classified as descriptive qualitative research. The study's findings were derived from words recognized the character "The Menu” as negative politeness techniques and analyzed using theory presented by Brown and Levinson (1987). The observation and non-participatory methods were used to collect data. In addition, the pragmatic identity method was employed to analyze the data. The findings of this study are as follows: 2 Be conveniently indirect, 4 Question and Hedge, 1 Be pessimistic, 1 Minimize the Imposition, 1
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Fernández-Amaya, Lucía. "Politeness in hotel service encounter interactions in Spain." Pragmatics and Society 13, no. 2 (2022): 224–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ps.19010.fer.

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Abstract Customer satisfaction in hotels has been measured by considering different aspects of the client’s experience, one of these being interaction with hotel staff. The receptionist is probably the most important member of staff in this context, since this person is the first that the customer meets upon arrival and the one consulted when having a problem or doubt. In this paper, receptionists’ views regarding what they consider to be appropriate verbal and non-verbal behaviour in reception desk service encounters in Spain are analysed. The results show that (a) the participants have very
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Kádár, Dániel Z., and Sen Zhang. "Alignment, ‘politeness’ and implicitness in Chinese political discourse." Journal of Language and Politics 18, no. 5 (2019): 698–717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.18053.kad.

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Abstract This paper aims to examine the ways in which official Chinese written monologues implicitly trigger alignment with the public in the wake of national social crises. Our understanding of alignment encompasses the attitude of creating an authoritative line of discourse, which in turn triggers the responsive alignment of the receivers with the decision makers. We believe that alignment is a fundamental concept to understand how linguistic politeness operates in political monologues such as gong’gao. Such texts are rich in forms of deference such as honorifics and other ritual phrases use
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Adiyanti, Puput, and Abdul Halim. "POLITENESS RELATED TO GENDER PERSPECTIVES IN THE AMERICAN PRESIDENTIAL DEBATES." Journal of English Literature and Linguistic Studies 2, no. 2 (2024): 1. https://doi.org/10.26858/jells.v2i2.56160.

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In this study, the researcher discussed the use of Politeness in the first presidential debate between Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump, President Trump and former VP Biden Face Off in First Presidential Debate. In this study, the researcher aims to find out about the types of politeness used by the two debaters in the two debates and the differences in the use of politeness based on a gender perspective. In determining this, the researcher uses the theory of Brown and Levinson (1987) and Sara Mills (2003). In researching the problem the researcher used a qualitative descriptive method. The re
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Putu Ayu Anggita Gangga Swari, I Made Netra, and Ketut Santi Indriani. "Orienting Negative Politeness Strategies Towards the Hearer Negative Face in Disney’s Frozen Movie." VISA: Journal of Vision and Ideas 4, no. 3 (2024): 1385–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.47467/visa.v4i3.2821.

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The study aims to analyze the use of negative politeness strategies by characters in Disney's “Frozen” movie using Brown and Levinson's (1987) politeness theory, focusing on how these strategies address the hearer's negative face. The data of the research were taken from Disney's "Frozen” movie script and analyzed with the theory proposed by Brown and Levinson (1987). Data were collected using the documentation method and note-taking technique. Additionally, to analyze the data, descriptive qualitative methods were used. The results discovered in this research are; be conventionally indirect 9
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Ruhi, Şükriye. "Politeness in compliment responses." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 16, no. 1 (2006): 43–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.16.1.03ruh.

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This paper analyses a corpus of compliment responses in Turkish according to the conversational maxim approach (Leech 1983, 2003) and the face-management approach (Brown and Levinson 1987) with a view to extending the conceptualisation of self-presentation in theorising on politeness. It observes that the two theories ground politeness on consideration for alter and give precedence to politeness in the sense of displaying deference and solidarity at the expense of self-politeness, described in the present study as speaker need for display of competence, self-confidence, and individuality in in
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Ghosh, Nitu, Promethi Das Deep, Catherine Gaither, and Yixin Chen. "Cross-Cultural Courtesy: An Examination of How Bengali Speakers and US English Speakers Differ in Politeness." International Journal of English Linguistics 15, no. 2 (2025): 26. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v15n2p26.

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This study explores the nuances of politeness across two linguistic and cultural contexts: Bengali and US English. Politeness, a fundamental aspect of social interaction, is deeply influenced by cultural norms and values, shaping how individuals navigate relationships and maintain harmony. Drawing on Brown and Levinson’s politeness theory, the research investigates, through structured interviews assessing perceptions of politeness, how the principles of "face" are applied in these languages. The findings reveal significant cultural contrasts. Rooted in a collectivis
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Azennoud, Abdessatar. "Politeness and Power in Moroccan Political Discourse: The Strategic Use of French Honorifics." International Journal of Language and Literary Studies 7, no. 1 (2025): 222–36. https://doi.org/10.36892/ijlls.v7i1.2017.

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This study investigates the relationship between politeness and power in Moroccan political discourse, focusing on the strategic use of French honorifics by political figures. Drawing on Brown and Levinson's (1987) politeness theory, it explores how linguistic strategies assert authority and navigate face-threatening acts in high-stakes interactions. Using multimodal discourse analysis, three video recordings of Moroccan political figures, including interviews and speeches, were analyzed to uncover patterns in the use of honorifics across various social and political contexts. The findings rev
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Magria, Vera, and Anita Mawarni. "Negative Politeness Strategy in Javanese Dialect In Rimbo Ulu: Pragmatic Analysis." Jurnal Ilmiah Langue and Parole 3, no. 1 (2019): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.36057/jilp.v3i1.387.

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The purpose of this research is to identify forms of negatives politeness strategy in Javanese Dialect in Rimbo Ulu. This research was conducted by using descriptive qualitative method through applying several stages. The first one was by collecting data through observational method, eliciting technique and advance technique as record and note taking. The data is analyzed by using Yule’s theory and some books that related and supported the theory.for the analyse the data, the researcher used pragmatic identify (referential) method. Next, the data analysis is presented by using informal method.
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Smith-Hefner, Nancy J. "Women and politeness: The Javanese example." Language in Society 17, no. 4 (1988): 535–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500013087.

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ABSTRACTThis article explores the relationship between the status of Javanese women and the politeness or formality of their speech. I examine the hypothesis that, cross-culturally, women will speak more politely than men as an expression of their secondary status. Ethnographic research from East Java reveals that Javanese women are required to be more polite within the family where they receive less polite speech and offer more. In the wider context of Javanese culture, however, it is Javanese men who strive to cultivate politeness for the purpose of expressing their superior status and autho
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Edy Jauhari, Miftah Nugroho, Bea Anggraini, Dwi Handayani, and Ni Wayan Sartini. "The Shift of Politeness Systems in Javanese Society: A Case Study on Quality Education and Cultural Sustainability in Arek Cultural Communities in Urban Area, Indonesia." Journal of Lifestyle and SDGs Review 5, no. 3 (2025): e04702. https://doi.org/10.47172/2965-730x.sdgsreview.v5.n03.pe04702.

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Objective: This article aims to examine the shift in the politeness system of Javanese community in the Javanese Arek cultural area (Indonesia), particularly among the younger generation in urban areas, as well as the factors contributing to this shift. Theoretical Framework: This article applies the theory proposed by Scollon and Scollon (2001). This theory argues that, based on differences in power (+P or −P) and the social distance between participants (+D or −D), three politeness systems can be identified: the deference politeness system, the solidarity politeness system, and the hierarchi
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Ackermann, Tanja. "Die formale und funktionale Entwicklung von bitte." Zeitschrift für germanistische Linguistik 51, no. 1 (2023): 152–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zgl-2023-2006.

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Abstract The marker bitte plays a crucial role in Contemporary German, especially in lay linguistic discourse on politeness (= first order politeness). This is in contrast to a research gap regarding the evolution and use of this element. Based on corpus data, the present study aims to trace the formal and functional development of bitte ‘please’. The analysis is based on a randomized sample of verbal bitten ‘to ask for’, nominal Bitte ‘request’ and syntactically reduced bitte ‘please’ extracted from fictional texts of the DTA and the DWDS core corpora covering a time span from the 17th to the
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Gough, David H. "Some problems for politeness theory: deference and directness in Xhosa performative requests." South African Journal of African Languages 15, no. 3 (1995): 123–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1995.10587067.

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Guerra, Kathleen S. "Context-specific use and ideology: perception of appropriate domains for dar + gerund." Studies in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics 16, no. 2 (2023): 447–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/shll-2023-2016.

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Abstract This investigation explores the perception and use of dar ‘give’ + gerund, i.e., dame pasando ‘pass me’, as a request in Ecuadorian Andean Spanish. Previous research has focused on origins and uses of dar + gerund, often classifying it as an attenuated request form that arose, in part, from sustained contact with Ecuadorian Kichwa. This paper demonstrates that a simple definition of politeness insufficiently captures the requester’s complex calculation of social relationship, perceived imposition, indirectness and politeness when making a request with dar + gerund. Furthermore, dar +
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Meiratnasari, Ayu, Agus Wijayanto, and Suparno Suparno. "An analysis of Politeness Strategies in Indonesian English Textbooks." ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities 2, no. 4 (2019): 529–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.34050/els-jish.v2i4.8393.

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The research aimed explores politeness approaches in EFL textbooks, especially Indonesian English textbooks. There were two textbooks which analysed as the sample for this study. The textbooks entitled “Talk Active 1” and “Talk Active 2: Language and Culture Programme”. The researcher limited the analysis on the dialogs which provided as materials in the textbooks. Brown & Levinson's (1987) politeness strategies were applied to categorize the data. The researcher applied content analysis method proposed by Denscombe, (2010) as the research method. The results of the study revealed bald on-
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Febrianto, Dedi. "A Pragmatic Analysis of Politeness Strategies Applied in the Use of Humorous Phatic Utterances." Loquen: English Studies Journal 12, no. 2 (2019): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.32678/loquen.v12i2.2090.

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Abstract: As opposed to informational purposes, phatic utterances hold a bigger role in human communication that is to keep social relations among people. Though people hardly ever notice the importance of phatic utterances, these are the utterances that indispensable in their daily basis communication used to avoid the sense of impoliteness, especially when meeting people they are familiar with. In uttering phatic, people use a variety of ways including raising humor. The humourous phatic utterances are interesting to be analyzed in order to investigate the implementation of politeness strate
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Farouq F. Hussein, Suzan, and Radzuwan Ab Rashid. "Unveiling the Subtle Art of Politeness: An Analysis of Jordanian Educators’ Deployment of Linguistic Strategies in the Official WhatsApp Group." Arab World English Journal 14, no. 3 (2023): 231–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol14no3.15.

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The advent of the digital landscape has significantly transformed the communication practices of educators. Within this evolving context, an intriguing aspect that warrants scholarly investigation is their politeness strategies within official institutional WhatsApp groups. It aims to shed light on the complexities of educators’ interactions in the digital environment by closely examining their linguistic choices. The application of politeness expressions among teachers themselves and in their interactions with superiors proves to be a beneficial strategy for achieving effective communication.
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Djumabaeva, J.Sh, and Sh.U Sarimsakova. "LANGUAGE POLITENESS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK." EURASIAN JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH 1, no. 3 (2021): 632–34. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5055573.

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NURSANTI, Emi, Sailal ARIMI, and Nurvita WIJAYANTI. "FACE AND POLITENESS IN JAVANESE MULTILINGUAL INTERACTION." Issues in Language Studies 13, no. 1 (2024): 181–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/ils.5690.2024.

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Javanese culture is unique since its orientation is to group togetherness, but the language displays the social distance between the conversers. Using a sociolinguistic perspective, this study investigated how Javanese people manage their concerns about self-other and positive-negative face. Linguistic data from a Javanese culture webinar held by Yogyakarta Palace were analysed using the explanatory sequential mixed-method design. The results show that from the most frequent to the least frequent, Javanese people are concerned about enhancing other-positive face (44.34%), other-negative face (
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