Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Déficiences'
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Philippe, Orianne. "Approche génétique des déficiences intellectuelles : Contributions physiopathologiques et corrélations génotypes-phénotypes." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00789412.
Full textVille, Isabelle. "Identité et déficiences motrices : une approche socio-constructiviste." Paris, EHESS, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EHES0342.
Full textA historical recall of interest for the self in social psychology and a brief detour toward historical and anthropological analysis of person's construction lead to establish social constructivism as theoritical grounds. Next, social sciences studies dealing with handicap are reviewed. Self-descriptions from people with physical impairments of different origin (paraplegics, post-polio) and nondisabled people are studied in relation to values connected with person and social situations on one hand, with life's conditions, in the other hand. The structure of self-representations are relatively consensual, as shown by results and serves as a matrix on wich social groups locate themselves differently. So, more than non-disabled, disabled people consider they are entreprising. This attribution reflects behaviours required by social demand permits to justify rehabilitation pratices. Furthermore post-polio people express a homogeneous identity irrespective of age and gender. This specific identity has to be interpreted relatively to a social historical context and practices. The analysis of auto-descriptive traits shows differences in significations dealing with differences in social and personal experiences. So, imagination means self-confidence and opening to others for non-disabled people while it is oriented toward pragmatic activities for disabled persons and those who have a low educational level. Finally, the results shows that coping strategies for preserving a positive self-image such as the search for consonance between actual and ideal-self or between self-and values, must be considered in the framework of a constructed reality wich delimit margins for negociation processes. Social constructivism is useful to account for the dual processus of social reproduction and production of news significations
Larivière, Christian. "Étude de variables biomécaniques pour l'identification des déficiences lombaires." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0019/NQ57006.pdf.
Full textLaumonnier, Frédéric. "Identification des gènes impliqués dans l'autisme et les déficiences mentales." Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR3307.
Full textThe goal of this thesis has been to identify genetic factors involved in autism and mental retardation (MR) by studying chromosomal aberrations appeared de novo in autistic or mentally retarded patients. Thus, the study of a translocation in a boy with autism and MR led us to show the haploinsufficiency of the KCNMA1 gene which codes for the synaptic BKCa channel, and to see that the action of a BKCa opener could enhance in vitro its activity. This result suggests a potential therapeutic approach for patients with mutations of KCNMA1. Analysis of a pericentric inversion of the X chromosome in a female patient with non specific MR led to characterize the involvement of the SOX3 gene, coding for a brain-specific transcription factor, in a family with X-linked MR (XLMR) and growth hormone deficiency. Finally, we showed that autism and XLMR may have common genetic causes with the identification of a mutation in the NLGN4 gene in a family with boys affected by XLMR and/or autism
Wallenborn, Grégoire. "L’efficience énergétique et les effets rebonds :déficiences théoriques et paradoxes pratiques." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/216731.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Veyrune, Jean-Luc. "Déficiences masticatoires pour deux groupes humains à haut risque d'édentement total." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CLF1DD01.
Full textThis thesis conserns the study of masticatory deficiency and the options for functional rehabilitation. Two groups of patients are studied - the elderly and persons with Down syndrome. These groups share certain characteristics. They both have a high risk of edentulousness, a high prevalence of systemic disease and tend to be socially dependent. In terms of mastication, the two groups are different in two main ways. Patients with Down syndrome tend to lose their teeth earlier than the general population and they often have a deficient masticatory system prior to tooth extraction. The parallel study of these groups aims to elucidate the different means of adaptation to the prosthetic treatment of edentulousness. The themes developed here include the methods of study used to evaluate masticatory capacity and the specific deficiencies found in the two groups. The work of the author in this fiels is resumed and further topics for research discussed
Lauga, Béatrice. "Etude génétique et moléculaire de déficiences polliniques chez Zea mays L." Pau, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PAUU3040.
Full textKsiaa, Mariem. "Étude de l’effet du silicium chez Hordeum marinum sous déficiences nutritionnelles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/NNT.pdf.
Full textSilicon (Si) is a ubiquitous element; it is considered to be the second most abundant element in the lithosphere after oxygen. It is not considered as an essential element for plants. However, the addition of Si in crops under abiotic stress gives them a better tolerance to stress. The first objective of this work was to study the effect of Si in Hordeum marinum, a plant species known to accumulate Si, under iron deficiency. This Poaceae species is of interest for livestock fodder and valorization of marginal zones. Our results indicate that growth parameters, water status, photosynthetic gas exchange, photosynthetic pigment contents, chlorophyll fluorescence and iron accumulation are improved by Si treatment when plants are grown under iron deficiency. We also investigated the effect of seed priming with Si in H. marinum seeds as an inexpensive and easy method to alleviate the effect of stress. Our results showed that germination rate, growth parameters, membrane integrity, activities of antioxidant enzymes and soluble sugar content are all improved by Si pre-treatment in plants growing under iron deficiency. The last objective of this work aimed to understand the behavior of Arabidopsis thaliana, a non-accumulating Si species, in response to stress. Interestingly, our results show that silicon acts positively on germination, development and antioxidant stress in A. thaliana, possibly through a modulation of proline metabolism
Bensalem, Anissa. "Place des génopathies mendeliennes dans les déficiences mentales sporadiques et non spécifiques." Tours, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUR3308.
Full textMental retardation remains unexplained in more than 50% cases and most of theses puzzling MR cases are sporadic and appear as non-specific. In this study, we report the case of a young male who had a de novo balanced reciprocal translocation t(2;5)(q32. 3;p15,2)identified by standard karyotype analysis, MR was moderate with normal cranial circumference just as normal physical aspect and MRI imaging. The mapping of the translocation by FISH showed there was no gene affected at the 2q breakpoint. On chromosome 5, CTNND2 appeared as disrupted. CTNND2, which is not expressed in lymphoblastoid cell lines, is highly expressed in embryo, fetal brain and also in adult brain. The protein, which has a cytoplasmic localization, is known to be involved in neural adherens junctions through its interaction with cadherins, It is especially involved in dendrites development all along life. In Cri du chat Syndrome, MR is particularly severe in cases in which CTNND2 is included in the 5p deletion area
Nonnekens, Julie. "Bases moléculaires des syndromes de déficiences en transcription et réparation de l'ADN." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU30045.
Full textXeroderma pigmentosum, Cockayne syndrome and trichothiodystrophy are rare autosomal recessive disorders caused by mutations in proteins which are implicated in nucleotide excision repair and transcription. In this thesis, we examined different cellular aspects to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of these severe diseases. First, we describe the role of TFIIH and XPG in ribosome biogenesis: we characterized the function of TFIIH as a RNA polymerase I transcription factor functioning in elongation and described a novel role for XPG during early ribosomal RNA maturation. Next, we examined the DNA repair pathway responsible for repair of the transcribed ribosomal RNA. Finally, we used a novel in vivo tripartite split-GFP system to investigate protein-protein interactions within TFIIH
Bardeau-Garneret, Jean-Marc. "L'élaboration du complexe de parentalité face à l'enfant atteint de déficiences motrices." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100138.
Full textThe elaboration of the parenting complex accounts first of all for the way in which men and women succeed in reorganizing their social life with to the existence of their child, secondly y for the different modes of identification that they attribute to the in the course of his upbringing and finally for the links between these fathers and mothers and those working in the field of education (teachers, educators, possibly doctors and health professionals). Being the parent of a physically disabled child results in a narcissistic trauma whose consequences are examined by this study in relation to the three dynamics outlined above. The positions of nine fathers and twenty three mothers of physically disabled children, five of whom also suffer from mental deficiency are identified and described in relation to these three dynamics. These positions are analyzed according to the mode of narcissistic identification when they appear to be determined by the suffering of the parent or according to the secondary personalizing identification mode when they appear to be determined by the recognition of the child as a subject, a subject who suffers a subject with abilities and limitations
Briand, Nicole. "Profil des soignants compétents auprès des personnes âgées atteintes de déficiences cognitives." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10903.
Full textBoucher, Guy. "Déficiences de la mémoire épisodique spatiale chez la personne âgée : étude des processus d'encodage." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1999. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/3526/1/000658937.pdf.
Full textDaoud, Hussein. "Identification et études fonctionnelles de nouveaux gènes impliqués dans l'autisme et les déficiences mentales." Tours, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUR3316.
Full textAutism and mental deficiency (MD) are complex disorders with a strong genetic background. To identify candidate genes, the physical mapping of balanced chromosomal aberrations is a powerful strategy since several genes have been characterized in numerous disorders. Using this strategy, we identified a novel gene “GPD2” disrupted by a translocation appeared de novo in a girl with MD. The disruption of this gene leads to a decreased level of GPD2 transcripts as well as a decreased activity of the encoded protein. The study of a second translocation appeared de novo in a boy with autism enabled us to identify two candidate genes which are currently under studies. Lastly, we identified a de novo mutation located at the promoter region of the NLGN4X gene and associated with overexpression of NLGN4X transcript in a boy with autism and profound mental retardation
Hébert, Luc J. "Déficiences et incapacités associées au syndrome d'abutement de l'épaule et évaluation de leurs inter-relations." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ61230.pdf.
Full textSchiro, Jessica. "Analyse biomécanique multidimensionnelle du geste de tourner le volant chez les conducteurs sans déficiences motrices." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00863947.
Full textGamache, Stéphanie. "Développement d'indicateurs de mesure de l'accessibilité aux infrastructures urbaines pour les adultes ayant des déficiences physiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29733/29733.pdf.
Full textKhomenko, Viacheslav. "Modélisation et compensation des déficiences linéaires et non linéaires dans les transmissions électromécaniques des robots humanoïdes." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VERS0069.
Full textWalking robots need precise control for legs articulations because it influences their equilibrium. It is necessary to compensate vibrational effects caused by defects in articulations (elasticities, mechanical backlashes, frictions and structural deformations). Our approach consists of correcting inputs of the robot control system in a robust way according to variations of functional conditions and robot parameters. We use adaptive and learning control methods, neuronal networks and nonlinear oscillators. As it is necessary to know exact torques of the robot, we take into account nonlinearities of mechanical transmissions and motors. The presented non-direct articulation accelerations measurement method permits to obtain accurate feedback. Experimental validation of compensation and control methods is done for the ROBIAN bipedal robot for flexion-extension movements
Curie, Aurore. "Étude des réseaux neuronaux et des mécanismes cognitifs impliqués dans les déficiences intellectuelles liées au chromosome X." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10068.
Full textThanks to progress in molecular genetics, that allowed identification of new genes responsible for X linked intellectual disability, we studied on homogeneous groups of patients presenting with a mutation in one or the other gene. In the first section, we showed dysfunction of cerebello-thalamo-prefrontal networks, thanks to morphological MRI study performed on patients with a mutation in the Rab-GDI gene. In the second section, we highlighted a very specific phenotype related to ARX gene mutations, clinically, neuropsychologically, and kinematically, with a very peculiar impairment of upper limbs distal motricity, and language disorder. Patients hand-grip is pathognomonic, with a preference for the middle finger instead of the index for the grip of object, major impairment of fourth finger use, and lack of pronation movements. Neuroimaging study showed decreased volume of basal ganglia, and cortical thickness of motor regions, well correlated to kinematic parameters. In the third section, we explored reasoning strategies in three groups of patients with intellectual deficiency: fragile X, ARX mutated and Down syndrome patients and controls (both chronological and mental age-matched subjects). We notably elaborated a visual analogical reasoning paradigm, inspired from Raven’s matrices. We established a developmental trajectory of this paradigm. The strategy used by patients (eyetracking study) was different from the one used by controls, with a huge lack of inhibition, even greater for fragile X patients than for Down syndrome patients
Paris, Christophe. "Conditions de travail et déficiences : Approche du vieillissement différentiel lors d'une étude transversale portant sur 21378 salaries." Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA11T064.
Full textDeficiencies and work conditions: approach to the differential ageing among a cross sectionnal study of 21378 workers : The notions of deficiencies, disabilities and disadvantages make up a new area of investigations in the field of the relations between work and health, conditionally to age. This work aims at looking for the existence of relations between some deficiencies bound to ageing and constraining working conditions, under the hypothesis of a differential ageing. This study lies within the scope of the ESTEV survey and uses the cross- sectional data of the collection carried out in 1990. Four groups of age (37, 42, 47 and 52) have been formed alter drawing lots and stratification on sex, from exhaustive lists of workers followed by occupational health physicians, who participated voluntarily in this survey. The present or past working conditions on the one hand, sleep disorders, musculoskeletal disorders and high blood pressure (HTA}, considered as health indicators linked to ageing on the other hand, have been described in standardized questionnaires. 21,378 patients have been involved in this work. Relation between the age and the prevalence of each deficiency can be found among both sexes. The many various tests, using the logistical regression, reveal significant relations between prevalence of sleep disorders and some musculoskeletal disorders and some present or past professional exposures (shiftwork, carrying of heavy loads. . . ). There is a significant relation between these professional exposures and the accumulation of the deficiencies between them, in taking age into account. These relations are coherent for both sexes and persist alter adjustment on various factors of confusion. These results are compatible with the data in the literature and particularly the hypothesis of a differential ageing through work. They will have to be confirmed by the longitudinal analysis of the ESTEV data collected in 1995. ·
Broux, Carole. "Déficiences et inclusion : la question de l'aménagement durable des bâtiments scolaires pour l'accueil de toutes les populations." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10093/document.
Full textThe accessibility of the educational institutions for people with disabilities is a topical subject, but still little known. The Act of 11 February 2005 laid down an obligation of accessibility of public buildings. Among the concerned premises, school must meet this obligation. In order to give deficient students the same opportunities of vocational integration, this accessibility must be possible throughout the entire school career. To make schools accessible the first step would be to enable people with disabilities to have a place in society, the school being the first place of socialization for a child. It is useful to identify with precision the needs of all the actors involved. What is the number of children with disabilities in school at a European and national level and what are their evolution ? Through a historical, legal, geographical, statistical and demographic approach it appears that the accessibility of educational buildings for disabled students has evolved in France as well as in other European countries. More local research allows to draw conclusions in terms of physical accessibility (paths, comparison between the different types of buildings…) and to examine the issues raised in practical terms. Thus, we will know how to improve the accessibility of the educational institutions for disabled people and allow the establishment of a chain of consistent accessibility
Colas, Chrystelle. "Conséquences cliniques et biologiques des déficiences constitutionnelles du système de réparation des mésappariements de l'ADN chez l'homme." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066470.
Full textLangouët, Maéva. "Démembrement génétique des déficiences intellectuelles et compréhension des bases physiopathologiques associées, à l'ère du séquençage à haut débit." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05T045/document.
Full textIntellectual deficiency (ID) is characterized by a broad range of deficits in higher brain functions that result in significant limitations in adaptive and cognitive capacities required for competence in daily living, communication, social interaction and integration, self-direction, and work (DSM-V). ID affects approximately 3% of the population. Identifying ID causes is essential to improve patients' care services with no risk to miss a curable cause, but also to provide genetic counselling to the family for future pregnancies. Little is known about the biological bases of these conditions. Indeed, despite recent advances in cytogenetic and molecular genetics, the cause of the mental handicap remains unexplained in 40% of the cases. Understanding the molecular bases of these disorders is therefore an important medical challenge for the next years. Also, ID genes identification and analysis of the cellular mechanisms underlying these conditions should provide significant insight into the molecular and cellular pathways involved in cognition and may lead to new therapeutic trials aiming at improving the daily living of these patients and their families. The PhD work presented here report on the analysis, using Whole Exome Sequencing (WES), of five different families presenting with syndromic ID. The first part develops results from the analysis of three consanguineous families with an autosomal recessive form of ID. The second part presents the study of 2 unrelated male ID patients who presented the same clinical features. Overall, this work allowed the identification of i) two genes previously associated with ID (WDR62 and AP4M1), ii) two candidate genes (RAD54B and HERC2), potential modifiers of the phenotype, then iii) the definition of a novel hereditary mode, and finally iv) the characterization of two new genes of ID (TTI2 and NONO) followed by the functional analysis of mutations effects in patients' cells and the Nonogt mouse model
Triki, Sameh. "Système multi-agent ambiant pour faciliter l'autonomie et l'accessibilité aux espaces publics des personnes ayant des déficiences cognitives." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30032/document.
Full textThe purpose of my thesis is to design and develop an ambient multi-agent system for seniors to increase their autonomy and their accessibility to public spaces. The ageing of the population and the increase of disability situations linked to age, call for a new approach to the accessibility of urban public spaces. In this context, this thesis provides a personalized system to assist elderly in their daily outdoor activities. It takes into account the openness and the evolution of the environment to which the system should adapt. In order to ensure its acceptability, this ambient sociotechnical system is based on a user-centered interdisciplinary collaborative design approach. A prototype has been implemented and it offers assistance in daily external activities thanks to learning. In fact, the system detects unusual situations and acts accordingly (notifications, alerts or recommendations)
Mlika, Arbi. "Evaluation à long terme de la politique périnatale : évolution de la prévalence des déficiences sévères dans trois générations." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA11T018.
Full textJbabdi, Myriam. "Développement d'une approche de mesure et d'évaluation des déficiences du contrôle postural et de l'équilibre chez les aînés." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2004. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/751.
Full textMalgorzata, Rak. "Modélisation chez la levure de déficiences en ATP synthase responsables de maladies chez l'homme : mécanismes moléculaires et suppresseurs génétiques." Bordeaux 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR21430.
Full textLe, Guen Tangui. "Caractérisation phénotypique et moléculaire de déficiences humaines liées à des dysfonctions des télomères et / ou de la réparation de l’ADN." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05T092/document.
Full textMaintaining genome integrity is essential for cell survival and propagation of the genetic information. Improper management of DNA damages and / or aberrations in maintenance of telomere - the ends of linear chromosomes - causes humans disorders associated with genetic instability. Thus, in humans, telomere dysfunction causes Dyskeratosis Congenita (DC), and its rare and severe form, Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson Syndrome (HHS). DC and HHS are mainly characterized by progressive bone marrow failure, developmental defects and predisposition to cancer. In addition, many syndromes involving immunodeficiency and developmental abnormalities are caused by defects in DNA repair (e.g. severe immune deficiencies, Fanconi Anemia (FA), Ataxia Telangiectasia (AT),…). In this work, we performed a phenotypic and genetic study of patients with two syndromes presenting distinct clinical features. This work permitted : 1) on one hand, to identify RTEL1 mutations in patients with HHS and describe a new molecular cause of this disease. The analysis of patients’ cells revealed the crucial role for RTEL1 in genome stability and telomere maintenance in human cells. 2) on the other hand, to identify mutations in MYSM1, a histone deubiquitinase, in a new immuno-hematological syndrome associated with defects in DNA repair and sharing some similarities with Fanconi anemia. This study demonstrates for the first time that, in addition to its role in transcriptional regulation, MYSM1 is required to cope with DNA damages
Rovere, Maria. "Reconstruction cornéenne : traitement des déficiences en cellules souches limbiques totales et bilatérales associées ou non à une atteinte du stroma." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1263.
Full textSome severe ocular burns or other rare ocular pathologies may be associated with a complete loss of corneal epithelial stem cells (LSCD), leading to an opacification of the cornea by invasion of the conjunctiva. When DCSL is total and bilateral, contralateral limbus is not available for autologous limb transplant or limbal autologous stem cell culture, and allogeneic transplantation of the cornea is not an option since neovascularization is constantly responsible for graft rejection. An innovative therapy tested with success in our laboratory, in collaboration with the ophthalmology department of the HCL, consists in an autologous Epithelial Cell Sheet (ECS) graft derived from Oral Mucosa (MO). This approach restores transparency and allows in a second step a complementary corneal graft when necessary. This technique has been shown to be effective in a clinical trial conducted in our hospital, but the patented device for the non-enzymatic detachment of cultivated ECS is no longer available in Europe. We have therefore developed a new method for the production of ECS from OM, the proof of concept of which has been obtained from in-vitro and ex-vivo studies. Indeed, detachment with 0.5 mg / mL of collagenase does not damage ECS from OM and basement membrane proteins, and in an ex-vivo porcine stroma model, these cell sheets adhered on corneal stroma, continued to self-renew and generated a differentiated epithelium. Since stromal opacity associated with DCSL requires a secondary corneal graft to improve Visual Acuity (VA), we also sought to develop for these patients with high rejection risk, a new approach for the generation of decellularized stroma. Such a procedure for the production of decellularized stroma was also aimed at allowing a money-saving and reliable long-term storage for stromal grafts and thus circumventing the shortage of corneas in developing countries. Our process, combining lyophilization with decellularization of the corneas at 0.1 % SDS, was validated on human corneas regarding the maintenance of stroma transparency, the stromal ultrastructure associated with the absence of HLA-ABC and HLA-DR antigens. Finally, in an ex-vivo model of Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty (DALK), we have shown that the epithelial and stromal cells of the recipient human cornea colonized efficiently the decellularised stroma. Overall, our work makes it possible to propose a treatment for total and bilateral LSCD associated or not with lesions of the stroma
Guediri, Amine. "Etude de la consommation d'oxygène et l’impact des déficiences chez les personnes post-AVC lors des activités de marche variées." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LIMO0111.
Full textStroke is the leading cause of acquired neurological disability. Walking is the most crucial activity for autonomy and quality of life after a stroke. However, physical activity (PA) levels remain low in this population due to various impairments. Additionally, we hypothesize that PA recommendations for this population may not be well-suited to their health status, particularly regarding intensity. Therefore, the general objective of this work is to evaluate the impact of post-stroke impairments on patient mobility by quantifying their daily PA levels and accurately measuring V̇O2 during various walking activities. We conducted a systematic review including 47 articles and 1,749 post-stroke individuals to examine daily step counts in this population according to their impairments. The average number of steps was 3,757, with a significant effect of impairments on step counts. Next, we conducted an experimental study with 30 post-stroke individuals and 30 healthy subjects to assess V̇O2 during different walking activities (walking on flat terrain, ascending and descending stairs, walking on uneven terrain, uphill walking, and downhill walking). The stroke group exhibited lower V̇O2 values than healthy subjects during most tasks. The largest difference between the two groups was observed during stair ascent, with a difference of 4.6 ml.kg-1.min-1 of O2. In contrast, the energy cost was consistently higher in the stroke group for all tasks, with the greatest difference observed during stair descent. These results support the importance of tailoring PA interventions based on the specific impairments of each post-stroke individual, regardless of stroke phase, and suggest that PA recommendations should consider the increased energy cost
Tchirkov, Vitaly. "Déterminants du handicap moteur en République de Guinée : causes et conséquences des déficiences des membres inférieurs chez les habitants de Conakry." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAG014.
Full textWhile dealing with the context of the developing countries, the notion of handicap is characterized in a specific way. We carried out our study in the Republic of Guinea, particularly related to the problems of the handicap, more specifically with the disability of inferior members. The main objectives of this research consist in explaining the causes and the consequences of the ascendancy of this type of deficiencies in Conakry. Furthermore, among the other problems analyzed in this work, we are interested in the representations which reflect the handicaps and the influence of traditional and religious beliefs on handicap. Our work is aimed to present the current conditions of the situation and to carry out a significant work on the site. In this framework, we organized two surveys during 2008 and 2009, dealing with approximately 1000 persons. According to our results, the main cause of the deficiencies of lower limbs is associated to the aftereffects of the poliomyelitis and to the presence of the other risk factors, such as the lack of safety on the roads. Furthermore, according to our analyses, about 80 % of the people questioned, belonged to the rural depopulation. Once installed in Conakry, they opt for three modes of subsistence: the practice of begging (48 %), working (16 %) and the family care (18 %). Moreover, each mode seems to determine the participation and the integration of these individuals in the society. Finally, our results show that nearly half of the Guineans believe in the witchcraft and in the malefic nature of the handicaps. Consequently, the faith influences negatively on the interpretation of the handicaps. To conclude, according to our analyses, the majority of the Guineans agrees to define the handicap as a biomedical phenomenon and considers it as an individual and not a social problem
Delage, Laure. "Des déficiences génétiques comme modèles naturels pour l'étude de la régulation des checkpoints immunitaires et la caractérisation des réponses auto-immunes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UNIP5190.
Full textRecessive NBEAL2 mutations have been reported in patients with Gray Platelet Syndrome (GPS). This syndrome is characterized by a macro-thrombocytopenia, with platelets lacking alpha-granules, leading to bleeding disorders, often associated with splenomegaly. Thus, NBEAL2 plays a crucial role in the trafficking of alpha-granules in platelets. Moreover, our lab has also described NBEAL2 deficiencies in patients presenting clinical features of the autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, suggesting a role of NBEAL2 in immune homeostasis and tolerance. A broader international cohort of GPS patients has been described, revealing immune system abnormalities (autoimmune diseases, autoantibodies, lymphopenia). If the role of NBEAL2 in the traffic of granules is often investigated, the exact mechanism leading to the development of autoimmune manifestations in GPS patients remains unknown. NBEAL2 belongs to a protein family involved in vesicular trafficking, all of which possess a conserved BEACH domain. Within this BEACH-domain containing proteins family, one of the closest members to NBEAL2 is LRBA. LRBA is involved in the recycling of CTLA-4, an inhibitory immune checkpoint. CTLA-4 plays a crucial role in the regulation of immune responses and tolerance. Recessive mutations of LRBA lead to similar clinical features as partial CTLA-4 deficiency: autoimmunity, lymphocytic infiltrations, and progressive B lymphopenia. Physiologically, LRBA prevents the lysosomal degradation of CTLA-4 and allows its recycling to the membrane. By analogy with LRBA, we investigated the importance of NBEAL2 in immune checkpoints intracellular trafficking and we brought new insights on its role in lymphocytes. Thus, NBEAL2 is a scaffold protein, binding LRBA, and involved in CTLA-4 trafficking as well as in vesicular trafficking in general. This work brings new knowledge to the regulation of CTLA-4 in activated T lymphocytes, a list of new partners for NBEAL2 protein and a new model of vesicular trafficking in which NBEAL2 is involved. Finally, a better understanding of the mechanisms leading to autoimmunity in patients with gray platelets syndrome could lead to better diagnosis and treatment management
Dubot, Audrey. "Étude des déficiences en cytochrome c oxydase et en ATPase-ATPsynthétase dans des pathologies mitochondriales humaines et chez le nématode C. Elegans." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10215.
Full textBouzidi, Mohamed Fouad. "Expression de protéines impliquées dans diverses pathologies mitochondriales : recherche de l'origine génétique de déficiences en ubiquinol-cytochrome c réductase ou en cytochrome oxydase." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10053.
Full textChikh, Khadija. "Fonctionnement et organisation psychiques des enfants et des adolescents en échec scolaire électif : vers un modèle théorique de pensée de ces déficiences singulières." Lyon 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2006/hadjboulenouar_k.
Full textThe elective school failure touches children and teenagers who powerful in a field, school or not, are in parallel in failure in another. This deficiency is of related to significant failures of the personality and behavior. Using the psychoanalytical tool as well as test of cognitive efficiency, we showed that this syndrome is the expression of a psychic organization and an operation singular. With the serious failures of the primary education environment, ego such subjects had to find a mode of adaptation psychic. It was organized in order to preserve psyché of death. However that generated dysharmonies in the way of apprehending the world and more specifically the school apprenticeships. Our work of analyses enabled us to constitute a theoretical model of thought necessary to the comprehension of this psychic pathology. This model is read in a circular way, with the image of the design of time at such subjects. This spiral form is made of a whole of processes related the ones to the others and having a logic suitable for psyché of the touched subjects. To update these processes and this specific logic allowed to understand the mystery of this psychic operation. These instinctual processes are a search of the psyche. This one aims at seeking representations giving sense to elements confused for ego, and "to detach" the subject of the object by creating its psychic representation
Gendrot, Chantal. "Les déficiences mentales non spécifiques liées à l'X, X fragile exclu : études de localisation des gènes dans 9 familles par utilisation de marqueurs ADN polymorphes." Tours, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOUR3306.
Full textLamontagne, Anouk. "Les déficiences locomotrices à la cheville chez les sujets ayant une hémiparésie, quantification et relation avec la performance locomotrice moins de six mois après l'accident vasculaire cérébral." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0015/NQ47577.pdf.
Full textAit, El Menceur Mohand Ouidir. "Modélisation, analyse et simulation du mouvement d'entrée dans des véhicules automobiles à géométrie variable : application aux mouvements d'entrée des personnes âgées et/ou ayant des déficiences motrices." Valenciennes, 2009. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/9af8c69a-6673-4f19-a631-11a69e374902.
Full textThe difficulty from which suffer elderly and/or disabled people when entering or exiting an automobile vehicle can lead them to never use it again. The car manufacturers are conscious of this fact and they are more and more interested in these growing elderly and/or disabled populations prone to locomotor apparatus disorders and in this complex gesture requiring a precise coordination of the human body articular movements. An alternative to understand and predict this movement is to use the digital simulation. Works completed in this thesis fall under this context and concern the kinematic simulation of the vehicle entering movement of a humanoid (constituted of a head, a trunk, a basin and lower limbs) in variably-dimensioned vehicles by using real data resulting from the experimentation. To solve this "complex" problem, we propose a three stage methodological procedure. A first stage carries on the constitution of a base of movements that we name "exploitable" movements which are issued from the experimentation carried out on two variably-dimensioned vehicles. These "exploitable" movements are the result of digital processing applied to the measured entry movements. These processing allow, among others, to adapt the measured joint articulation angles to the humanoid in order to avoid possible collisions with the cockpit which would not have been noted during the experiments. A second stage relates to the automatically analysis and identification of the vehicle entering movement strategies. This stage proceeds in four phases and it allows the identification of 2 entry movement strategies and 6 sub–strategies. A third stage, made up of 4 phases as well, uses the assets resulting from stages 1 and 2 to simulate an entry movement of a subject of the base adopting a given sub-strategy in another vehicle of different geometry. The simulation of the entry movement of the same subject in another vehicle concerns an inverse kinematics problem solved by constrained nonlinear programming. Simulations, implying elderly and/or having prostheses people, make it possible to validate the suggested procedure for the two entry strategies. In spite of the differences with the measured movements, the simulated movements are in conformity with the sub-strategies adopted by the subjects during the experiments. Furthermore, the realized simulations make it possible to explain partly the changes of strategy operated by some subjects, during the experiments, when shifting from one vehicle to another. Finally, simulations on fictitious vehicles show the limits of the developed simulation tool. This work opens several prospects for research as well concerning the improvement of simulation, by considering for example the intra-individual differences of subjects or the dynamics of the movement, as the development of new ergonomic indices in order to consider discomfort associated with the simulated movements
Plos, Ornella, Ameziane Aoussat, and Stéphanie Buisine. "Innover pour et par le handicap. Méthodologie de conception de produits adaptée aux marchés de niche: application au marché du handicap moteur." Phd thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure d'arts et métiers - ENSAM, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00578706.
Full textSijobert, Benoît. "Assistive control of motion in sensorimotor impairments based on functional electrical stimulation." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS079/document.
Full textThe human central nervous system (CNS) can be subject to multiple dysfunctions. Potentially due to physical lesions (e.g.: spinal cord injuries, hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke) or to neurodegenerative disorders (e.g.: Parkinson’s disease), these deficiencies often result in major functional impairments throughout the years.As an alternative to usual therapeutic approaches, functional electrical stimulation (FES) of preserved muscles enables to assist individuals in executing functional movements in order to improve their daily life condition or to help enhancing rehabilitation process.Despite major technological advances in rehabilitation engineering, the complexity of the musculoskeletal system and the technological constraints associated have led to a very slow acceptance of neurorehabilitation technologies.To promote usability and adaptability, several approaches and algorithms were studied through this thesis and were experimentally validated in different clinical and pathological contexts, using low-cost wearable sensors combined to programmable stimulators to assess and control motion through a patient-centered approach
Lemétayer, Fabienne. "Tutelles parentales et déficience mentale : étude comparative d'une activité conjointe d'encastrements chez de jeunes enfants trisomiques 21 et non déficients." Rennes 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN20020.
Full textTutoring interactions refer to the Vygotsky's concept of zone of proximal development, in which the infant's developmental potential is supported by a more competent partner. Most empirical studies investigating the vygostskyan thesis focuses on parental instructional behavior fostering the child's development. On the other hand, researches on the influence of the child himself or his characteristics on parental scaffolding are scarce. So, the purpose of this study is to explore if, independently of a parental responsiveness on the developmental level of child, parental scaffolding can be influence by the child's characteristics, like among the down syndrome children, for example. Three groups of 12 non deficient children (14, 18 and 22 months) and three groups of 12 down syndrome children matched on mental age, have been videotaped with their parent during a problem solving situation (sorter task). The results indicate that, with young children of equivalent developmental level, parent's behaviors change according to they're in interaction with non deficient children or down syndrome children. Indeed, parent's instructions of non deficient children change as infants gain more mastery, providing more concrete and specific instructions with youngest and less explicit, less concrete and more verbal at the end of the second year. On the contrary, parent's of down syndrome children request, even at earlier ages, a self-governing action. The discussion closely examines the implications of influence of characteristics of down syndrome children on parental scaffolding
Lawson, Dossou Louise. "Représentations sociales de la déficience mentale propres aux éducateurs prenant en charge des enfants déficients mentaux d’un IMPP au Togo." Caen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CAEN1478.
Full textDenoux, Armelle. "Le handicap du petit enfant et le problème de sa prise en charge initiale." Caen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CAEN3119.
Full textRossignol, Christian. "Inadaptation, handicap, invalidation ? : Histoire et étude critique des notions, de la terminologie et des pratiques dans le champ professionnel de l'Education spéciale." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999STR1PS04.
Full textVilloing, Gaël. "Approche socio-historique du mouvement handisport en Guadeloupe : enjeux sociaux, identitaires et sportifs des dynamiques associatives (1978-2010)." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON14001.
Full textSince its apparition at the end of the second world word, the practice of sport for people suffering with motor deficiency has known numerous and quick evolutions. Initially conceived in the science of rehabilitation therapy, it now integrates more and more the principle of performance by getting closer to “ordinary” sport movements. However, this process of sportivisation is variable depending on the social and cultural context in which it is taking place. Initiated at the start of the 1970's, Guadeloupe's Movement for Sport for People with motor impairments has been meeting recurring difficulties in how to organise and federate itself. During this work, we have conducted a survey directly with the local disabled sport associations. Meetings with the principal actors of this movement had been taking place, archives had been gathered and both direct and participative observations had been carried out in order to retrace the collective history and to identify the individual theories utilised in the formation of Guadeloupe's Movement for Sport for Disabled People. For this we have used the tools of the socio-history and of the organizational analysis and handled the speeches with an analyse of the relationship by opposition (ARO). The main results bring to light that the associative dynamics which structure the sport practices of Guadeloupe's disabled people are impregnated by a sport logic combined with social, cultural and identity stakes. Therefore the principal thesis defended in the process of the research is that the organisation of Guadeloupe's Movement for Sport for Disabled People is impregnated by the highly contextual strategies where the identities -sport, Caribbean, disabled- produces some very particular adjustments
Renoton, Stéphanie. "Chronopsychologie et déficience intellectuelle : étude des rythmes de vie des élèves déficients intellectuels scolarisés en Institut Médico-Éducatif (I.M.E.) : comparaisons des aménagements scolaires et des modes d'accueil." Tours, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOUR2009.
Full textJemaâ, Mohamed. "Chimiothérapie ciblant les cellules cancéreuses p53 déficientes." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA11T040/document.
Full textThe genetic and/or functional alterations of p53 are highly prevalent in cancer and are reported for more than a half of all human cancers. Classic chemotherapy leads p53 mediated apoptosis conferring a drug resistance for p53 deficient cells. We developed in the laboratory a technique based on high-content videomicroscopy and fluorescent TP53+/+ and TP53-/- cells for the screening of molecules that targets p53 deficient cells. We discovered that SP600125, a kinase inhibitor, including MPS1, Aurora A and Aurora B, kills p53-deficient cells more efficiently than their p53-proficient counterparts. This selective cytotoxicity was confirmed in vivo in mice carrying p53-deficient and -proficient human xenografts. Than after we used an another inhibitor with a similar broad-spectrum kinase, reversine, and we found that this molecule have a selective toxicity for TP53-/- cells and this result was confirmed in vitro for both molecule.Videomicroscopy-based cell fate profiling revealed that the p53-deficient cell death is coupled to hyperploïdy mechanism. Indeed, TP53-/- (but not TP53+/+) undergo successive round of abortive mitosis and failed to arrest the cell cycle in response to treatment and cells became polyploidy and progressively succumbed to mitochondrial apoptosis. In line with this notion, the depletion of anti-apoptotic proteins of the BCL-2 family sensitized TP53-/- cells to the toxic effects of SP600125 and reversine. Moreover, the knockdown of BAX or APAF-1, as well as the chemical inhibition of caspases, limited the death of TP53-/- cells.Hence, SP600125 or reversine (and its analogues/derivatives) might be used for cancer chemoprevention (for eliminating pre-malignant cells that have inactivated p53) or chemotherapy of p53-deficient cancers
Ben, Saad Helmi. "De la fonction à l'activité : de la spirométrie au test de marche de six minutes." Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON1T037.
Full textMarsac, Roxane. "La déficience en Adénylosuccinate Lyase - de la déficience métabolique aux défauts musculaires en utilisant le Caenorhabditis elegans comme modèle animal." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0321.
Full textThe purine biosynthesis pathway is a metabolic network conserved from prokaryotes to humans, ensuring ATP and GTP homeostasis. Purines can either be synthesized de novo, reused, or produced by interconversion of extant metabolites using the so-called recycling pathway. Moreover, intermediates can act as signal metabolites regulating gene expression. This pathway is well characterized in microorganisms such as heat or bacteria, but little is know about its regulation in metazoans. Different diseases are associated with deficiencies in purine synthesis enzymes leading to neuromuscular defects, autistic spectrum behaviors and psychomotor delay in humans. We focused our analysis on the deficiency of Adenylosuccinate Lyase (ADSL), which is an enzyme involved in the purine de novo and the recycling pathways causing neuronal and muscular symptoms in patients. To better understand mechanisms underlying this deficiency, we have established C. elegans as a metazoan model organism to study the purine biosynthesis pathway, specially the ADSL deficiency. In our study, by sequence alignment, HPLC profiling and functional complementation in yeast, we have shown that both the de novo and the recycling pathway are functionally conserved in C. elegans. Thanks to our study, we are able to ascribe developmental and tissue specific phenotypes to separable steps of the purine metabolism network in a metazoan model organism. Our analysis shows that ADSL activity in the recycling pathway plays a crucial role for germline maintenance, for muscle integrity and during the post-embryonic development
Nankeu, Moffo Estelle Laure. "L'expérience parentale de personnes ayant une déficience visuelle." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36313.
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