Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Déficit budgétaire'
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Ouedraogo, Salif. "Déficit budgétaire et anticipations inflationnistes." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CLF10044.
Full textThis study, which is both theoritical and quantitative, dims to analyse the links that are thought to exist between budget deficit and inflationary expectations. The first part of this study examines the relation between budget deficits and inflationary expectations. In particular, the debate between the keynesian and monetarist schools over the consequences of budget deficits for real economic growth. In the second half of the study, we first analyse the phenomenon of inflationary expectations among workers and businesses. We then attempt to explain how these expectations can exert an influence on the level of the budget deficits. The key idea of this study is that the most effective way of restoring economic health to the french economy is by combatting inflationary expectations. Only in this manner can the current problems of competitiveness be overcome, which will lead to job creation and the reduction of the public deficits. However, the study concludes with the reservation that, because of the extreme complexity of the ecinomic crisis, pure ecnomic analysis is, in itself, incapable of providing satisfactury solutions
Khalil-Yahyavi, Firouz. "Déficit budgétaire et taux d'intérêt." Paris 10, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA100065.
Full textTheoretical and econometrical work led about the different financial modalities of the state's budgetary deficit and their consequences upon the structure of rates of interest in France during the yearly periode from nineteen sixty to nineteen heighty seven. The financial effects of the national debt upon the interest of the national debt have been analysed and the open-market operations of the banque de France have been linked with the state's budgetary accounts. Setting off the positive relationship between the rate of interventions of the banque de France on the money market with the amount of the bons du tresors suscribed in current accounts in commercial banks. The model has twenty nine regressive equations with simultaneous, selfregressive or multiplicative forms. It is divided into three blocks. The monetary block (nominal and short-dated variables); regressions upon the state's debt and its short-dated interest, the monetary financing of the state's budgetary balance and the rates of interest of the money market. The financial block; regressions of the state's debt and the interest of this debt middle term and long-dated, the bondholder financing of the balance of the state's budget and the rates of interest of the financial market. The debt at sight of the state's block; regression of the debt of the treasury's correspondents and the rates of interest of the savings banks
Benharrats, Nadia. "Déficit budgétaire- déficit extérieur : le cas de la France." Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100142.
Full textValere, Jocelyne. "Déficit budgétaire, déficit extérieur : la Nouvelle école de Cambridge en question." Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100107.
Full textThis is a study of the way that public sector deficit and balance of payments deficit coexist. How does theory progressively integrate those constraints? The first step of this integration is the study of stabilization policies. Mundellian assignment rules constitute the primar theorical focus, since they lead to the use of fine tuning policies of internal and external unbalances. This approach admits of several shortcomings, therefore, it has been necessary, to try to establish a general rule, concerning the relationship between public and external deficits. Adjustment processes are revealed by financing constraints, from a dynamic perspective, viz including stocks and flows interactions. This dynamic perspective can also be adopted by taking into consideration the relationship between the exchange rate and the fiscal impact. N. E. C. Appears at the end of this second step of this rationale, as a fiscal approach to balance of payments, with a major hypothesis about the private sector behavior concerning expenditure and assets accumulation. New stabilization principles which are at variance with mundellian principles are the outcomes of NEC's findings
Dupuy, Michel. "Déficit budgétaire américain et cours du dollar." Bordeaux 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR1D001.
Full textColleaux, Brigitte. "Déficit budgétaire et financement de l'économie : L'expérience française : 1972-1984." Paris 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA020047.
Full textResorting to budget deficit poses, in fact, the problem of financing it. To face their expenses, public administration may rely on various types of resources. These can be classified in two large groups : non monetary and monetary resources. But whatever the type of financing, the impact on economic activity is important, mostly during periods of large budget deficit. Actually, the development of private saving is thwarted by the weakness of financing capacity of agents and limits due to their tendency to purchase bonds. Thus, state interference on the financial market or on the "caisse des depots et consignations" for more and more important amounts makes financing difficult for other agents and especialy private enterprise. In the same way, financing of a part of deficit on monetary resources has an effect not only on creation of money but also upon economy because of the choice of monetary standart, due to the fact that increasing "economy supplies" depend on the evolution of two other factors "gold and currencies" and "debts on treasury". That rises the problem of interdependance between budget politics, monetary politics and exterior balance. Taking into account the necessary strictness in monetary politics and the authorities' worry in fighting inflation, covering needs of the state develops crowding-out effects on private sectoras well as on financial and credit markets
Sokic, Alexandre. "La théorie monétaire et budgétaire de l'hyperinflation : problèmes et perspectives." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR1EC10.
Full textThe main object of this thesis is to highlight the conditions of the hyperinflation monetarist model flaw in order to draw its limits and to suggest a new prospect for it. According to the monetarist theory, hyperinflation is the result of a too large government budget deficit financed by the revenue from seignorage. However, this thesis shows that there are some configurations of the model where it can't sustain the standard explanation of hyperinflation. In these configurations there is no accelerating inflation when the government budget deficit exceeds the maximum steady-state value of seignorage. Paradoxically, a hyperdeflation gets underway: it's the "hyperdeflation paradox". Nevertheless, it is shown that it is not true to assert that no hyperinflationary process can be generated in the hyperdeflation paradox conditions. Indeed, this thesis shows the possibility of hyperinflationary bubbles in all paradoxical configurations. Then, this work shows that a second paradox exists in the monetary and fiscal theory of hyperinflation because in this theory hyperinflation was viewed exclusively as a monetary phenomenon. After the examination of the relevance of the paradoxical paths generated by this model with the help of microeconomic foundations of money demand and econometric investigations, this thesis formulates some recommendations for the potential users of the model
Andrianjatovo-Raharinosy, Joëlle. "Déficit budgétaire, expansion monétaire et croissance : le cas de Madagascar." Toulouse 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU10012.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to analyse external and internal factors of growth freeze in a developing country, Madagascar. This one underwent macroeconomics shocks that engender monetary and budgetary problems. But this country doesn't dispose of trumps that permit it to assimilate these problems. So, this generates an increase of inflation, an overestimation of rate of exchange and a crisis of balance of payments. This constitute a disincentive to capital formation and then to growth
Hamam, Mehdi. "Approches théoriques du lien entre le déficit budgétaire et le déficit commercial : étude empirique dans le cas de la Tunisie et le Mexique." Nice, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NICE0044.
Full textThis thesis addresses issues related to the link between budget deficite and trade deficits in tunisia and mexico. This thesis finds that the tunisian and mexican data are partially consistent with the predictions of a neo-keynesian model of a small country with capital immobility and a fixed exchange rate. The tunisian budget deficit is partially linked to trade deficitin both the short and long run. Finally, the mexican budget surplus is partially linked to a trade deficit
Petraq, Milo. "Déficits budgétaires, mode de financement et effets macro-économiques dans les économies post socialistes : l’expérience de l’Albanie, de la Bulgarie et de la Roumanie." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CLF10207.
Full textThe thesis analyses the impact on economic performance of the budget deficits and their financing in the post socialist economies. The experience of Albania, Bulgaria and Romania are analysed. Following the difference in the post socialist economies between two periods, the central one and the transition toward the market economy the specificity of this study consists to lead in the impact of budget deficits in those different environments, the demand and the supply effects, the monetary impact and inflation constitute the articulation of each part of the present research
Vangah, Kouassi Hubert. "Problématique de la relance budgétaire en économie ouverte." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CLF10076.
Full textThe budgetary revival is losing efficacy in the present economic environment. From the interior angle, this lose of efficacy is made out through the problem of the interior development. As a matter of fact, the world-wide spreading of the economies and the behaviour of economic agents faced with inflation, with the increase in the interest rates and in the fiscal pressure, reduce the efficacy of the budgetary policy upon the gross national product. The cases of france, of the USA, of Japan, and of the Federal Republic of Germany, provide, to a certain extent, confirmation of this theoretical result. From the exterior angle, this lose of efficacy is viewed through the problem of the exterior deficit. The seriousness of this problem posed by the revival, takes into account the degree of competitiveness of the economy examined. Thus, we can only single out - among the countries we quoted before- Japan and the Federal Republic of Germany, which are able to bear revival measures without suffering serious consequences. All things considered, budgetary revivals in disorganized order are doomed to failure. So they must be replaced by a devised revival policy
Benabdelhafid, Khalid. "Déficit budgétaire et variation du niveau général des prix : analyse théorique et empirique." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CLF10102.
Full textThe effect of budget deficit on the general price level can be appreciated only in the context of financing means of the fiscal balance. Contrary to the widely held idea money finance is not necessarily inflationary. Bond finance turned out to have also an impact on the general price level variation. If the link budget deficit – price level is not univocal, the one in the reverse order turned out to be more than necessary. Every fiscal policy analysis must take into account the effects of inflation on budgted receipts and expenditures. The eighties disinflation policy – a policy also used to reform public finances – came up against an insufficiency of fiscal receipts in a crisis context. Thus budget deficits have shown a lowering inflexibility
Zola, Bangani Jean. "Efficacité comparée de l'emprunt et de la création monétaire dans le financement du déficit public." Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100208.
Full textThe purpose of our work is to assess the efficiency of money financed public deficit versus bond financed public deficit. Our approach is theoretical in that sense that we will only describe the analytical models of the last two decades. We will try to reassess these models in the light of the process of financial innovations which has become very important during the last years. Our research is based on two oppositions: in a first step, we will present the classical view versus the conventional wisdom and in a second level, the Keynesian approach versus the monetarist view. For new classical economists, all economic policy is impotent because of the rational expectations hypothesis. But this conclusion does not hold if we take account of the financial innovation process. This phenomenon introduces uncertainty in the models by the mean of the concepts of credibility and money variability. On the other hand, the integration of the financial innovations in a conventional model has for consequence the changes of some parameters and elasticity of the model. Here also, the result is a great uncertainty about the conclusions of the models
Madzous, Clarisse. "Liens entre le solde budgétaire et le solde courant aux Etats-Unis." Paris 9, 2000. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2000PA090061.
Full textAhmad, Bashir. "Policy coordination, budget deficit and inflation in Pakistan." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E036.
Full textThe central bank uses policy rates for reducing inflation. However, policy rates become less affective in comparison to bond’s rates when convertibility between bonds of different maturities decreases. This makes monetary policy ineffective if the government borrows heavily from the domestic market and an active fiscal policy, aiming to increase the economic activity, stimulates inflationary pressure. Throughout the history of Pakistan since its independence, fiscal dominance remained a norm, both in the democratic and military regimes. During the last three decades, the economy of Pakistan is faced with serious fiscal deficit tribulations. Increasing public debt stock and dilapidated tax-to-GDP ratio are grave hurdles in reducing the widening fiscal deficit. This persistence increase in the fiscal deficit has diluted the real sector performance and negatively affected the balance of payments position, causing inflation in the economy. Further, it makes government dependent on huge borrowing from internal and external sources and pushed it to increased debt servicing intricacy. Despite recurring efforts on part of government, no evident success is witnessed to reduce the ever increasing fiscal deficit. Large fiscal deficits have led the government of Pakistan to excessive borrowing from central bank of the country (SBP) and consequently to extensive printing of money.Though, SBP imposed an upper ceiling on government borrowing to reduce its public borrowing from central bank. However, the government never respected these ceilings and compromised the independence of central bank. This dependence on local money market for financing budget deficit increased money base, caused crowding out of private sector, resulted in high printing of money and reduced the monetary policy space to exterminate high inflation. Such a situation restricts the monetary policy to offset the distortions existing in the economy and to achieve its desired goals. Such scenario advocates a dire need of fiscal and monetary policy coordination to strike an appropriate balance between growth and inflation. In this context, our thesis focuses on fiscal dominance and the consequent high inflation level, which remained lofty for almost a decade. We conduct four studies, ranging from the identification of fiscal dominance in the economy of Pakistan to gauging the impact of fiscal policy on growth and inflation.The first study is related to literature on fiscal dominance theories, where fiscal policy acts actively and monetary policy follows passively. To establish that the decades long high inflation in Pakistan is solely because of fiscal dominance, a second study is conducted to analyze the interest rate pass through mechanism in Pakistan. In the third step, it uses corporate governance proxies, capital structure proxies and ownership structure proxies to investigate their links with bank’s performance. In our fourth study, we gauge the response of inflation and growth to changes in fiscal policy while taking into account deposit holders behavior and banking industry
Breuillé, Marie-Laure. "Le partage de la rigueur budgétaire : interactions stratégiques entre niveaux de gouvernement." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100177.
Full textThe convergence criteria (1993) and even more the Stability and Growth Pact (1997) have raised the issue of fiscal coordination between the central government and local governments within each Member State. An incentive problem stems from the fact that public deficit and debt ratios apply to the consolidated public sector budget whereas only the central government is held responsible for violations. To abide by European commitments, the central government should then design and implement fiscal coordination mechanisms, aiming at internalizing fiscal externalities and making the local fiscal policies compatible with national targets. This thesis investigates which mechanisms are suitable to ensure that fiscal decentralization is consistent with fiscal discipline. In the first two chapters, we use a non-trivial Principal-Multi-Agent model to characterize the optimal intergovernmental grant schedule, when the cost of local public goods depends on hidden characteristics and actions of local governments, and under household mobility. In the third chapter, we analyse the impact of both horizontal and vertical fiscal interactions on the softness of the local budget constraint. Finally, we evaluate the efficiency of a local market of tradable deficit permits as a mechanism for the sharing of the budgetary austerity. We show how the manipulation of these instruments by local governments may alter their efficiency
Bonneau, Nicole. "Quantifications et incidences économiques de la dette publique." Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100115.
Full textEach year, when the decisions of public spendings and receipts are making, it is the financial deficit which leaps to the eye. Nevertheless, the accumulation of the deficits and the superiority of real interest rate in comparison with the rate of growth give an importance to the concept of public debt. But, before evaluate the economic effects of public debt, it is necessary to establish a specific concept of public debt with the financial national accounts, concept which must be "plural". Statistics" analysis shows the responsability of the state in the increase of public debt, increase in debts which has no counterpart in assets. Each type of public debt instruments has specific economic effects; it is why we study the economic effects, at short and long term, of financing public deficit by borrowing: economic effects of the debt flow in terms of crowding out or crowding in, economic effects of the stock on the interest rate and payments. These ambivalent effects lead to an evaluation of an optimal public debt: in a neo-classical model of equilibrium growth, the optimal public debt must finance investments which produce revenues for paying the interest payments. But in the case of superiority of real interest rate in comparison with the rate of growth, an increase in public debt finances the interest payments but induces a risk of explosion of public debt. Stability of debt gnp ratio requires a budget balance net of interest payments in sufficient surplus
Ramajo, Ismaël. "Politique budgétaire et taux d’intérêt en croissance ralentie." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTD022.
Full textThis thesis questions both conventional macroeconomic theory and economic policy doctrines about their ability to inform and address fiscal policy issues since the 2008 crisis. The introductory chapter proposes a descriptive analysis. After a long period of increasing public debt, budgetary deficits plunge during the recession, but interest rates continue to fall except in a few countries, whose governments were facing serious fiscal troubles. Inflation stabilizes at a low level, but interest rates turn negative. Potential growth continue to slowdown and the hypothesis of secular stagnation becomes plausible. The second chapter discusses the role of rating agencies and their real or perceived power. Rating agencies have been accused of increasing default risk by degrading the rating of troubled countries, causing interest rate hikes. We conduct an empirical study on the recent budgetary crisis that affected the GIIPS (Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain) within the euro area. The causal relationships between the ratings of the three main agencies (Moody’s, Standard and Poor’s and Fitch Ratings) and the five sovereign spreads are systematically tested. These tests suggest that it is rather the risk premium who causes a variation of the note, and not the opposite. The rating agency provides information that has already been anticipated by the financial markets. This result must be nuanced because a causal relationship of the warnings of degradation (outlook) is detected. The third chapter deals with the explanatory factors of real interest rates. The standard model (AS-AD) states that the equilibrium interest rate must increase following a fiscal expansion or as a result of a slowing of potential growth, regardless of the regime (classic, Keynesian or intermediate). Extensions of the model allow us to consider external influences, sovereign risk premiums, potential growth and expectations. This does not reverse the predictions of the model and the theory is reconciled with the facts only when the Keynesian hypothesis of propensity to consume is questioned. The introduction of intertemporal consumption behavior (permanent income) provides a plausible explanation for the combination of slow growth and low interest rates. We estimate an econometric relationship on annual data for a panel of 19 OECD countries. These tests confirm the influence of the factors suggested by the theoretical models, in particular the link between lowering interest rates and economic slowdown. The fourth chapter develops a reflection on the risk of sovereign default. Doubts about debt sustainability in some developed countries resurfaced after the 2008 crisis. Debt restructuring in the form of a conditional loan has emerged as a multilateral solution to fight the occurrence of defaults. Another way is to mutualize the debts of the governments of a same zone. We build a static model which can represent these three alternative notions (default, restructuring and mutualization). A situation is described in which two governments may decide to default or repay their debts. A calibrated numerical application on Greece’s default in 2012 allows us to categorize its defaults as strategic and to note that the restructuring has tipped its decision, making the repayment beneficial. The upstream existence of a Eurobond with a common interest rate of less than 3.5% would also have prevented the implementation of the Greek default and avoided an expensive debt restructuring
Chaar, Samy. "Déficit courant, désépargne des ménages et inégalités de revenu aux Etats-Unis." Paris 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA020013.
Full textGabsi, Foued. "Les politiques de la gestion de la demande globale en Tunisie : analyses rétrospective et prospective." Nice, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NICE0001.
Full textQuintin, Coralie. "La règle d'équilibre budgétaire : Comparaison Europe - Canada." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTD040.
Full textThe development of the principles of balance in the budget and the rules of budgetary discipline which ensue from it is connected to the succession of periods of budgetary disorder and economic crises. In a general way, in these occasions of new rules are adopted and implemented. They aim all to clean up the public finances by means of the strict observation of a rule of balance in the budget. However, the results obtained by the implementation of these rules are not always satisfactory what leads today to wonder either about the relevance and the efficiency of rules but on the institutional, economic and monetary environments in which they are operated. Canada seems, in this way, to appear as a ground favorable to the observation of a budgetarydiscipline of the balance while on the subject the European Union still suffers from its "hybrid" status
Minea, Alexandru. "Deficit, monnaie et croissance économique : élèments d'analyse théorique et d' évaluation empirique." Orléans, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ORLE0509.
Full textGarcia-Jourdan, Sophie. "Persistance des déficits publics et interactions avec la structure par terme des taux d'intérêt : une contribution empirique." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010004.
Full textMichel, Pascal. "Le Japon : vers une économie de marches financiers étatique." Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100094.
Full textThe remarkable economic success of the Japanese archipelago, which is due to the dynamism of the productive sphere, has been made possible because of the competence of a financial sphere hitherto unrecognized. What I wish to do, therefore, is to analyze the Japanese financial system, not in a totally comprehensive way, but in a way that clearly shows its principles, fundamental characteristics, with the aid of an economical analytical framework, based on the distinction between the auto economy and the overdraft economy. In the first stage, we see by studying markets and intermediaries, that japan was recovering from an overdraft economy, during a period of high growth, as was France. Secondly, the position of the state, in relation to its indebtedness and the financing of the budgetary deficit examined because, if the public treasury is not directly responsible for whichever analytical class, it is able to allow for possible transformations; the increase in the public debt and the new wave of financial innovations testify to this. Lastly, the prospective economic forecast is that japan will continue to acquire more and more, due to its particular marketing financial methods, as the use; all the while, preserving powerful regulation processes which will lead him towards an administrative auto economy, this slow progression only serving to further reinforce its financial strength on the world scale
Abboud, Mouna. "Les politiques d'ajustement budgétaire après la crise financière de 2007-2008 et leurs conséquences macro-économiques." Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU2005/document.
Full textThe financial crisis of 2007-2008 had a massive impact on public finances in many countries of the world. It urged the governments to implement recovery plans and to approve financial rescue packages to redress them and that led to a crisis of public debt and public deficits in most developed countries. The aims of our thesis are: firstly, to clarify the fiscal response to the 2007-2008 financial crisis on public debt, deficit and economic growth in seven countries in the euro area and highlight the policies of fiscal adjustment that followed the crisis. Secondly, to e present the main determinants of the fiscal multiplier (which measures the effect of the deficit on economic growth). And analyze this effect in the case of fiscal adjustment by a meta-analysis and meta-regression on the existing values in the literature regarding the size of the multiplier. Thirdly, we study the impact of fiscal adjustment following the financial crisis on economic growth and public debt in France. We realize a causal analysis between the three variables (public debt, economic growth and public deficit) taken two by two for the period 1980-2014. The effect of the crisis is studied taking into account the break point on the curve of each time series and then comparing the two deducted semi-series
Moussana, Alkabous Ibrahim. "Les théories de la politique budgétaire : du régime de domination monétaire à la crise des dettes souveraines." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAE005.
Full textTo begin my thesis topic is the following: "the theory of fiscal policy: from the regime of monetary domination to the crisis of sovereign debt". The object of my thesis is to analyze the theoretical evolution of fiscal policy from 1980 to the crisis of sovereign debt. Therefore, I must analyze the status of fiscal policy within the framework of a regime of monetary dominance. Why is fiscal policy under monetary rule? Why is it considered as inefficient, neutral and unnecessary (Ricardian equivalence, permanent revenue theory, predatory effect, intertemporal incoherence)? What is the relationship between fiscal policy and monetary policy under a regime of monetary domination (budgetary price theory and game theory)? Moreover, during the 2008 crisis, fiscal policy was mobilized, through the implementation of a recovery plan to avoid a collapse of advanced economies. Hence, is it a return to fiscal policy as the main instrument for regulating the economic situation (a regime of fiscal dominance), or an exception to the rule (is the new macroeconomic consensus challenged) ? Is this a questioning of the regime of monetary domination?
Karimi, Takanlou Zahra. "Le financement du déficit budgétaire (taxe d'inflation et seigneuriage) et effet d'éviction : une recherche empirique sur quatre pays de la région MENA (l'Iran, la Turqui, la Tunisie et le Maroc)." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE0015.
Full textThis thesis firstly checks, from an empirical and theoretical point of view, the potential usefulness of recent research on budget deficit financing by using a sample of four MENA countries (Iran, Turkey, Tunisia and Morocco); secondly, it develops an analysis of budget deficit financing in terms of a crowding out effect on the activity of the private sector of the economy. The analysis in terms of budget deficit financing by borrowing abroad, domestic borrowing and seignorage, taking account the specificity of the countries offer an operative framework to discuss the fiscal policy of these countries. The results of the chapter four, in terms of qualification of seignorage, show that seignorage is an important source for budget deficit financing in Iran and Turkey. Also, the analysis of the crowding out effects, confirm the existence of this phenomena in Turkey, Tunisia and Morocco. Furthermore, these countries having been confronted with a rapid augmentation of budget deficit in the period of 1970-2006, a fiscal consolidation over the medium term is necessary in order to alleviate their budgets deficits. Also, a prudent public financing and debt management is needed to support the fiscal adjustment in these countries
Mestrot, Jean-Paul. "Déficits publics - taux d'intérêt - taux de change : un essai de dépassement de la controverse des années 80." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010023.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to establish whether the financial integration can stop the internal, crowdingout effect and, so, whether the autonomy of the budget policy can be increased in the seven major countries. The theorical conclusions are well known but they lead to numerous empirical controversies. So, we attempt to determine if the international financial integration replaces the rise of the interest rates by an appreciation of the domestic currency. Besides, to study the interest of the financial integration for the public policy, we must estimate the new transmission channels of the public deficit impact created by the capital flows. We show that the relationship between budget deficit and interest rates can't be broken by the external financing because of two mechanisms. First, the monetary policy targets are threatened by the budget expansion. So, the central bank is forced to rise the short term interest rates. In addition, the innovations on the public deficits cause a financial volatility which produces a risk premium. The interest of the financial integration for the budget policy autonomy is limited by two supplementary channels. First, budget policy has a current account target which acts as a constraint on the budget deficit movements. Second, the domestic currency appreciation seems to cause a decrease in consumption and, in some countries, a decline of the investment rate
Ould-Dhehby, Mohamed-Lemine. "Articulation du déficit budgétaire, du deficit extérieur et de la dette publique : contribution à l'analyse des déficits jumeaux dans les pays de l'Union du Maghreb Arabe (UMA) et quelques pays au sud de la Méditerranée." Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE0054.
Full textThe articulation between the budget deficit, the external deficit and the national debt known as the Twin Deficit Hypothesis (TDH) in its the most famous aspects has been for at least two decades one of the major macroeconomic concerns. This hypothesis argues that there is a causal relationship between the budget deficit and the external deficit, so that they are considered twins. In this thesis, we firstly show the hypothetical character of the HDJ through controversial theoretical bases and contradictory empirical results. Then, we carry out the empirical examination of this hypothesis in the case of the countries of the Maghreb Arab Union (MAU) by means of the techniques of the time series (unit roots, co-integration and Granger Causality Test) and of some South Mediterranean countries by using the techniques of non stationary panels
Gueye, Thiamba. "L'incidence de l'Union économique et monétaire ouest africaine (UEMOA) sur les finances publiques de ses Etats membres." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020015/document.
Full textJanuary 10, 1994, following the failure of structural adjustment policies proposedby the external donors and the devaluation of the CFA Franc which followed, was signedin Dakar, the Treaty establishing the West African Economic and Monetary Union byseven countries: Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo. OnMay 2, 1997, Guinea Bissau will become the eighth State of the Union. The Treatyconfirms the transformation of the West African Monetary Union, comprising the formerFrench colonies in West Africa share the same common currency (the CFA), in aneconomic union. To avoid repeating the same situation that led him to devalue thecurrency, the West Africa has decided to consolidate public finances of Member States,by establishing an appropriate legal framework and multilateral surveillance of fiscalpolicies. The objective of the founding fathers was to arrive by this legal arsenal,harmonize national budget and accounting laws, but also to establish a real fiscaldiscipline in support of the common monetary policy. Soon, WAEMU will develop two keydirectives dealing respectively Finance Laws and the General Public Accounting, but alsoa Pact of convergence and a code of transparency in the management of public finances.Compared to the previous situation, there was a marked improvement in the managementof public finances in the EU, even if all states are not moving at the pace in compliancewith the convergence criteria, especially regarding the reduction of deficits public. Thus,UEMOA, with support from multilateral donors (IMF and World Bank) seeking to promotein the countries where they operate a new financial tools (performance-basedmanagement, the multiannual budgetary planning etc ....), will reform in 2009, its legalframework of public finance in order to adapt to new international management standards
Soalla, Wendkouni Lydie Sophie. "L'action des institutions financières internationales et leur impact sur les systèmes nationaux : aspects budgétaires et fiscaux. Le cas du Burkina Faso." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO30083.
Full textSince its independence, Burkina Faso is seeking public policy development that allows him to leave his state of "underdevelopment". Fiscal policy has, therefore, been established as a catalyst for sustainable economic and social development. But mistakes budget successive Governments have instead led to a triple crisis: a debt crisis, a crisis of deficits and an economic crisis. Beginning in the 1990s, the IMF and the World Bank intervened alongside Burkinabe authorities, within a double technical and financial assistance to reform structurally fiscal policy. This intervention will settle permanently in the internal politics of Burkina Faso. In two decades, finance policy will be geared to suit the budget doctrine and priorities defined by the IMF and the World Bank: the structural adjustment programs and the political fight against poverty will try to achieve the objectives of economic growth, and economic growth and social reform through policy and budgetary spending policy of budgetary resources. But whatever the goal under consideration, the results achieved are far removed from the expected results in terms of debt restructuring, expenditure and budgetary resources. This dynamic reforms can nevertheless wonder, in view of past experience, the appropriate role for the state in Burkina Faso, fiscal policy, the IMF and the World Bank, the Community institutions in West Africa the development process as Burkina Faso must necessarily raise, so that decades of reforms are not considered necessary
Kourouma, Joseph. "La mobilisation des ressources fiscales en Guinée : contribution à la nécessaire transformation du système fiscal guinéen." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3027.
Full textThe recurrence of the public deficit in Guinea and the subsequent difficulty of financing public services, requires that more financial resources are identified to address them. Among the means of reducing the deficit, tax, due to its low budget participation (17% against 20% of GDP in the countries of the West African sub-region) is a government revenue whose performance must be substantially improved.Achieving this goal requires first that we reform the tax policy : In addition to highlighting commercial agreements including tax and customs implications dwindling budget revenues, and tax expenditures resulting from the policy of attraction of foreign investments, it is important to improve the tax efficiency strategies, which consist firstly to reform domestic taxation and secondly, to strengthen international tax cooperation to improve the fight against fraud and tax evasion. It is then important that we pay attention in the relationship between the tax administration and the taxpayer. These include identifying the reasons for the lack of civism of the Guinean taxpayer. They boil down to a propensity of public financial administration, with significant powers, to bail out public funds facing taxpayers benefiting from weak legal guarantees, and a deep mistrust of the latter in the good management of the tax-paid, which requires measures extra-fis which requires criminal measures to ensure the effectiveness and the efficiency of public resources, thus taxThey boil down to a propensity of public financial administration, with significant powers, to replenish public funds facing taxpayers who receive only weak legal safeguards and a deep distrust of the latter on the good management of the tax paid, which requires extra tax measures to guarantee the effectiveness and efficiency of public resources, thus tax
Elouaer, Ben Njima Nadia. "La dette publique extérieure tunisienne." Lyon 3, 2009. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2009_out_elouaer_n.pdf.
Full textIn Tunisia, the debt crisis of eighties is a consequence of inadequate national savings, the accumulation of debt arrears and the huge amount of the budget deficit. The tunisian foreign debt has reached its peak, also the failure risk was quit important: the structure of the debt was a cause. The public debt was mainly bilateral, contracted according multiple conditions in favor of lenders but hard to Tunisia. This situation did not last too long because Tunisia has transformed its debt policy by focusing on multilateral debt and international financial market. A ratio analysis of the situation of the tunisian external public debt confirms its sustainability since 1986. However this study has two limitations: on the first hand, they are static, they don’t take into consideration the evolution of the debt over the time. On the other hand, these ratios don’t discern the relationship between Tunisia and its financial partners; this relationship is crucial at the moment of borrowing agreement whether bilateral, multilateral or provider credits. Unable to guarantee his solvency, Tunisia is opposed by the continuous follow-up of its debt, since the loan decision until its payback. To help decreasing its foreign public debt and to maintain a considerable level of economic growth, the tunisian State set up certain reforms organizing this component of the public finance. It was also supported by national and international debt management systems
Mirmahboub, Farzad. "Libéralisation commerciale, intégration économique et mondialisation." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE0003/document.
Full textThe world trade plays an increasingly important role in countries’ economic evolutions as it has been demonstrated by appearance of the concept of globalization. The occurrence of economic crises modifies the content of commercial relationships. Some aspects of trade liberalization and economic integration of countries are studied here and we have considered their evolutions with respect to the crises. The international trade is studied theoretically and empirically. The theoretical part (first chapter) concerns general definitions, concepts and history of trade and globalization. The empirical analyses (second and third chapters) are related to five European countries (France, Greece, Portugal, Slovenia and Spain) and consider their commercial and economic situations, as well as the effects of crises on them. We have firstly measured the levels of trade openness and financial integration of these countries and then we have specified the effect of the worldwide crisis on their integration level. The linkage between countries’ domestic and foreign deficits has been studied; firstly with a simultaneous analysis of investment impact on the two deficits, and secondly by the analysis of the effects of the variations of exchange rate, unemployment rate and public debt on them. Using these analyses we were able to verify that the countries’ international commercial and financial activities play a significant role in spreading a foreign crisis to a given country
Do, santos Zounon Isabelle. "Finances publiques dans les pays en développement : trois essais empiriques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/ulprive/DDOC_T_2021_0018_LOKONON.pdf.
Full textDeveloping countries face immense challenges in financing their economies. Their public finances are fragile and highly subject to fluctuations in commodity prices. The capacity of these states to raise funds on the global financial markets is very limited. For several decades, endogenous development strategies and the support of development partners have not made it possible to overcome these difficulties on a lasting basis. The acceleration and persistence of budget deficits in these countries since the financial crisis of 2007 once again raise the specter of the unsustainable indebtedness of the 1980s and 1990s. The analysis of structural fiscal deficits in developing countries is therefore a problem. Important research in economics. It is within this framework that our thesis falls, the objective of which is to contribute through three essays to a better understanding of the macroeconomics of public finances in developing countries and emerging economies. To this end, our analysis covers around 100 countries over two decades. Our investigation is structured around three chapters, each one mobilizing different econometric tools to answer specific questions. In the first chapter, using the “Extreme Bound Analysis” and “Bayesian Model Averaging” methods, we study the determinants of structural budget deficits in developing countries and emerging markets. In the second chapter, we analyze the sustainability of public finances in these countries by examining whether the choice of exchange rate policy influences its level. We use recent panel cointegration techniques to do this, taking into account inter-country dependencies and potential structural disruptions. In the last chapter, we examine the impact of the size of the informal sector on budget performance on the same sample from quantile panel regressions with fixed effects taken into account
Paraponaris, Alain. "L'impact de la dette publique sur quelques variables economiques : approches theoriques et empiriques." Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHESA025.
Full textMusgrave (1959) invited to distinguish three main economic roles for the government : allocation, distribution and fine tuning of economic activity (stabilisation). This work is especially dedicated to the latter point. The issue of budget deficits and government debt has been the scope of economic debate for a long time. Nevertheless, recent events induce to think that the fiscal policy is not the core of economic policy any more: in the recent past, non-keynesian experiments significatively boosted economic growth in some countries. It seemed important to me to make more explicit the connections between the dynamics of government debt and the changes in some key-aggregates, such as output, private consumption or exchange rates. First, the hypotheses of government solvency and of the sustainability of fiscal policy are questionned through an empirical investigation based on g7 countries over the last three decades. Second, evidence is given for the role of government debt and taxes in the design of consumption plans by households. Empirical results over g7 countries support the view that the bigger the debt burden is, the more private agents feel concerned by changes in government debt stock and taxes. Third, in an open economy framework, we try to solve the puzzling mechanism of exchange rates determination by underlying the potential role of government debt and expenditures. With the help of a theoretical model, we found that expected as well as unexpected changes in government debt or expenditures might overshoot nominal and real exchange rates, subject to hypothesis. Relative to the output elasticity to terms of trade
Moussone, Emmanuel. "Insertion des pays de la zone franc africaine dans le commerce mondial : étude sur la spécialisation appauvrissante et le problème du financement de l'économie." Littoral, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010DUNK0593.
Full textThe problem of the insertion mode of the African Franc Zone Countries into the Global Trade are explained by the strong specialization of exports in raw materials -the demand of which is regressive- and of imports in manufactured products -the demand of which is progressive. The main part of exchanges is made with some OECD countries for historical, political and economic reasons. In spite of the economic and monetary integration, intra-regional exchanges remain marginal because of the homogeneous and competitive production structures. The oligopsonistic feature of raw materials markets, the subsidies granted by the industrial countries to heir farmers, the stock and strategic provisions management policies and speculation are as many factors that make of AFZ countries "takers of a price", which, compared with the price of manufactured products, shows a deterioration of terms of trade, generating thus low and volatile revenues. The specialization and the strong extraversion of the AFZ economies are hence at the origin of an unsustainable long-run growth, and recurrent publics deficits are as well at the origin of the gouvernment debt crisis. Therefore, the improvement of macroeconomic performances of the AFZ countries requires the transition from a financial rent economy to a production economy
Nwanna, Léo. "Les mutations de l'Etat-Providence en Grande-Bretagne : évolution ou crise?" Paris 8, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA081001.
Full textThis study placed the development of social policy in the context of economic and financial policy. It then discussed how the welfare state had fared since the 1940s. From 1914-1945 the western world experienced two world wars and a major economic depression. Each had a considerable impact on the development of social and economic policy. It was during the wartime coalition government that the keynesian white paper on unemployment was produced, and beveridge's proposal for the reform of social security were made. From 1945 to 1970, both laband conservative government largely agreed on the mixed economy and the welfare state. However, the searing experience of high inflation in the 1970s challenged the new orthodoxies in turn and by 1979 the prime minister margaret thacher and the new right could speak of victorian virtues of laissez-faire with approbation
Boumediene, Aniss. "Gestion de risque de crédit, risque de solvabilité et excès de liquidité dans les banques islamiques : une solution." Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010023.
Full textEl, Ktini Hassan. "Les dépenses fiscales en droit marocain." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALD002.
Full textAbstractFor the purposes of economic incentives or social equity, the Moroccan tax system has always had exemptions aimed at reducing the tax burden of certain categories of taxpayers or sectors of activity. These derogations represent a considerable loss of revenue for the state budget, as are budgetary expenditures. It is for this reason that they are called "tax expenditures" because they represent, in fact, a tax product that the State has waived to collect without however ensuring the achievement of the objectives assigned to it. Unlike budget expenditures, these tax expenditures are not subject to quotas. They are not subject to the same control and monitoring rules as budget expenditures.However, according to the latest report annexed to the budget bill of the 2018 budget year the overall amount of the shortfall for the treasury is 34 MDH. This staggering amounts to a few differences, to the overall amount of the budget deficit recorded the same year.To stick to a purely accounting reading, to mop up the public deficit, it is enough to make a clean sweep of all the derogatory provisions undermining the Moroccan tax system and make this rejection in one block with two birds: on the one hand, to stop the costly drift contributing to the widening of the budget deficit; on the other hand, to put an end to the nebulous world of tax expenditures, which calls into question simple and effective simple taxation.But to advocate such an alternative proves to be simplistic and reduces the extent of the issue of tax expenditures. To project, thus, to get rid of all the derogatory arsenal without discernment, it is to question the role conferred with the tax since always, that of instrument of public policy ultimate.Moreover, according to the rules of good governance, any government intervention in the management of public affairs should be effective. To do this, the government, when implementing its economic and social development program, should use the most appropriate and most conducive instrument in terms of performance, but especially at the lowest cost to the community. Thus, and whenever the public authorities resort to the tax expenditure and not to the traditional budgetary expenditure, one would understand that this choice was dictated to them by the feasibility study which would have been carried out before the decision making. The conditional used is by no means insignificant because in the current state of things, the approach thus set out is only wishful thinking. The rationality of tax expenditures is nevertheless one of the flagship recommendations of the National Tax Conference held in 2013. It is therefore a question of assessing the degree of implementation of this recommendation which forced us to review the five finance laws that have succeeded the National Tax Conference in question.But before approaching this stage of analysis, it seemed to us indispensable, given the confusion and the conceptual and juridical vagueness surrounding the notion of tax expenditures, to contribute to giving a definition, now missing in Moroccan tax literature. To do this, we first tried to return to the original version of the concept of tax expenditures as it was coined by its designer Stanley Surrey. This retrospective analysis allowed us to note the conceptual slippage and misuse of language that this notion has experienced. Subsequently, we considered it useful to review the Moroccan management of tax expenditures as well as its imperfections and defects.In conclusion and in order to make a contribution, a clear and concise definition and several recommendations have been proposed in order to rationalize the incentive system by imposing strict and mandatory control and monitoring rules so that the expenditure public is no longer synonymous with the waste of public money.Keywords : Budgetary expenditure, tax expenditures, exemptions, exemptions, budget law, corporation tax, income tax, value added tax
Brun, Jean-François. "L'inflation chronique : le cas de l'Argentine et d'Israël." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CLF10155.
Full textChronic inflation exhibits two features. First, a high rate of increase in the general price level, second, it lasts for long periods of time, many years. Chronic inflation has been a key characteristic of some developing countries during the seventies and the eighties. We express the view that the main cause of chronic inflation is the disorder in the public finances. We show that a linear relation between budget deficit and inflation has to be replaced by a more complex one due to the dollarization of the economy. We study the role of inertia in the inflationary process, and in what extent it may justify the use of incomes policies and of price controls. We then try to test if the credibility of economic policy matters for disinflation
Sulikova, Veronika. "Dynamique des déficits jumeaux dans le contexte des déséquilibres macroéconomiques." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE0022/document.
Full textThe thesis presents highly topical macroeconomic imbalances problem and the related twin deficit phenomenon. Innovative distance-based methodology inspired by an algebraic term of the metric space allows to identify sources of the macroeconomic divergence, which are, in our case, the current account and the indebtedness. These factors are responsible for macroeconomic divergence in the world as well as in Europe, which suggests an importance of the twin deficit analysis. Text-mining, analysis of the content and systematic classification of the scientific papers on twin deficits reveal a dominance of the Mundell-Fleming approach and the Ricardian equivalence, confirmed mainly in developed countries. Twin deficit hypothesis in 14 countries of the EU15 in the context of the important public debt is tested by panel data threshold model. The model confirms twin deficit hypothesis only if a public debt-to-GDP ratio is of the range from 40.2% to 96.6%. The Ricardian equivalence is valid in the regime of the public debt-to-GDP higher than 96.6% (threshold model) or 93% (dynamic model explaining an asymmetric impact of the public debt on economic growth). One deficit does not deepen the second one, but efficiency of the expansionary fiscal policy to reestablish an economic growth is importantly reduced at this indebtedness level
Agossa, Ogawa Laurent. "Déficits budgétaires, déficits externes et formation du capital : l’exemple des pays de l'UMOA et de l'OCDE." Orléans, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ORLE0501.
Full textThe new economic policy propounded in the 1970's by the new Cambridge school by inverting the standard assessment of Keynesian instruments of economic policy has given rise to a special interest mixed with of anxiety and serious controversies. We’ve studied this model which is in contrast with the Mundell-Fleming canonical model in which the role of the international capital mobility and the different methods of the budget financing have been emphasized. The theoretical results of these models have been empirically invalidated for France and the United States of America by the recent works of Marois-Girardin (1987). The econometric application of these models to the W. A. M. U. And O. E. C. D. Countries hasn't given the same conclusions. With granger's causality (1969) and Engle-Granger (1987) cointegration tests, we concluded that the Keynesian theory is proved in France, Germany and USA. , but not in Japan. The ncs model has been confirmed in France, USA and Japan, but not in Germany. The feedback relation is proved in France and USA the utility of these conclusions is to orientate the economic policy more efficiently. The capital mobility tests realized in this framework confirm the Feldstein-Horioka (1980) conclusions for these countries and the J. Sachs (1981) conclusions, except the USA in this case. The relation between capital formation and budget deficits is unconvincing. On the other hand, the double deficit causes capital formation in the countries. In the wamu's countries, the results are very poor through lack of statistic data. The results obtained are generally not significant. It is careful to conclude economically. It shows that these countries are heavily run into debt and their capital formation is dramatically burdened by the external savings
Gallimard, Gilles. "Systèmes financiers différenciés et financement des déficits budgétaires en économie ouverte." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100146.
Full textAn historical recalling and a review of the whole works which have initiated the improved the bipolar concept of overdraft-economy and auto-economy, enable to catch a differentiation form foundation for financial system of which a new definition as criteria classification is proposed. The frontiers permeability incidence is took up through this approach. During the second part, these definitions allow to demonstrate that fiscal deficits founding methods can, like financial mechanisms in which they take place, noticeably be dissimilar according as the system is an overdraft economy or an auto-economy: later than a review of the manifold public founding methods, it is demonstrated that, in auto-economy, a sound fiscal deficits financing cannot be reached but learnedly apportion potentially inflationist and potentially crowding out effects productive instruments, while, in overdraft economy, more typically inflationists solutions can be completed, for the most pure cases, by the release of the very beneficient “dam affect” transferable securities debt’s recovering). This adjustments analysis reaches his whole complexity with the ceaselessly moving anticipations influence, like with the growing financial systems international interdependence, which leads to a progressive homogeneity of the nationals financial mechanisms. During the third part, an empiric investigation enable to put into practice the classification method of which the necessity has been demonstrated, in theoretical way, during the second part. And so, France appears like an overdraft economy, which, under a “dam effect” action, is drawing nearer to the auto-economy state. Lastly, United Kingdom is an equivocal case because of the influence of his privileged role in the inexorably extending international integration phenomenon
Ajili, Wissem. "La gestion de la dette publique selon les approches économique, institutionnelle et financière : Application à une petite économie en développement, la Tunisie." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00194998.
Full textL'objectif recherché est l'étude de la question de l'endettement public sous sa triple nature : économique, institutionnelle et financière dans le cas d'une petite économie en développement. En conséquence, l'exercice visé est l'approfondissement de la problématique de l'endettement public en général et dans le cas tunisien en particulier.
La démarche suivie repose sur un plan en trois approches calqué sur la nature tri- dimensionnelle de la question posée. La Tunisie sert de cas d'application pour les trois approches.
Ainsi, la première partie de la thèse étudie l'aspect purement économique de la problématique. Elle pose la question de l'impact de la dette de l'Etat sur les agrégats macroéconomiques. La deuxième partie s'intéresse à la dimension institutionnelle de la dette souveraine. La troisième partie s'intéresse à l'aspect financier de la problématique de l'endettement public, au travers d'un essai empirique pour la mesure du risque de change associé au portefeuille de la dette publique tunisienne.
De par sa construction, cette thèse rappelle la triple nature de son objet. La dette publique est un instrument de la politique économique mais également un ensemble de règles institutionnelles. La dette publique est par ailleurs un portefeuille d'actifs.
Errifai, Ahmed. "Évaluation économique des modes de financement des déficits budgétaires publics : cas du Maroc." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100106.
Full textGingras, Jean-Gaston. "Économie publique dans un cadre stationnaire, de croissance et d'inflation : une analyse théorique des effets de long terme du financement des déficits budgétaires." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5832.
Full textHaddaoui, Mohamed. "Analyse économique et politico-économique du comportement des décideurs publics : les fonctions de réaction des autorités monétaires françaises 1971.I - 1990.IV." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CLF10006.
Full textMacroeconomic regulation have implied an increasing interference of the State in the economic private activity. Consequently, economic analysis must endogenies the behavior of public decision makers. The reaction function of the authorities is an analytical instrument which permit to analyse political economic choices of decision makers. Their basic hypothesis is to consider that State ans its bureaucratic agents, like individuals in traditional economic analysis, have their own preferences. On the ground of monetary policy, analysis of behavior if Central Bank and Government have allowed to study the evolution of the choices of the authorities overs 70s and 80s