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Lang, Joel B. "The defined benefit pension plan System : financial problems and policy responses /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Jun%5FLang.pdf.
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Mamaril, Cezar Brian C. "Funding Defined Benefit State Pension Plans: An Empirical Evaluation." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/msppa_etds/3.
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Defined Benefit (DB) state pension trust funds are an integral component of state finances and play a major role in the country’s labor and capital markets. The last decade though has seen a substantial growth in unfunded pension obligations and a seeming inability by states to make the contributions needed to cover funding shortfalls. When coupled with even larger unfunded retirement health benefits, the looming threat of insolvent state retirement systems pose both current and long-term fiscal challenges to state governments already struggling with the ongoing economic downturn and billions of dollars in budget deficits. The convergence of these factors have led states to undertake various reform strategies in an attempt to move their respective public pension plans towards a more sustainable funding path.
Using an asset-liability framework to describe the DB plan funding structure and process, this dissertation advances the discussion over major pension reform efforts currently implemented or considered by states. I show analytically the link between various pension reform categories and specific DB plan funding components, and how this in turn, affects DB plan funding outcomes. From this analytical framework, I derive the study’s hypotheses on the relationship between DB plan reform-linked funding components and outcomes of interest.
This study looks at three DB-plan reform-linked funding components: (1) plan member employee contributions, (2) plan employer contributions, and (3) retirement benefit payments. Four major funding outcomes are evaluated: (1) the employer contribution rate, (2) flow funding ratio, and (3) stock funding ratio, and (4) relative size of plan unfunded liability.
Utilizing a unique panel dataset of 100 DB state retirement systems from 50 states covering a nine-year period of FY 2002 to 2010, I empirically test the following hypothesized funding relationships: (1) States as DB plan sponsors have underfunded their plans as indicated by their failure to meet annual employer funding requirements; and (2) Increasing the employee and employer contribution rate and reducing the cost of retirement benefits are associated with higher plan stock funding ratios and lower unfunded pension liabilities.
Results from my fixed-effects (FE) panel regression analyses provide the clearest empirical evidence to date that state DB pension plan sponsors underfunded their required annual employer contributions. The financial condition of a state’s budget is also shown to have a significant effect on the amount states are able to contribute into their pension funds. I find empirical support for the crucial function of employer contributions in determining the overall funded status of state pension plans. This finding is further reinforced when I estimate plan stock funding ratios using a dynamic system GMM (sGMM) panel regression model. The results from static FE and dynamic sGMM models suggest no significant effect on overall plan funding levels from changes in the employee contribution rate or the average retirement benefit cost. Lastly, the results lend evidence to the significant influence of past funding levels on current funding levels. It is recommended that future empirical research account for the dynamic nature of public pension funding and related endogeneity issues. This dissertation concludes by discussing the implications of the empirical findings for policy makers seeking to improve the funded status of their respective state DB retirement systems.
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Adeboye, Oluwafeyikemi Adebunmi. "Analysing hybrid pension plans : an illustration." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/8055.
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Mestrado em Ciências Actuariais<br>Nesta dissertação apresentamos uma ilustração dos alguns planos de pensões híbridos, em cinco países, que em nossa opinião podem ser tomados como referência no que respeita à evolução desse tipo de fundos. O objetivo foi tirar ilações sobre as razões do aumento do recurso aos planos de pensões híbridos, em alternativa aos planos de benefício definido ou de contribuição definida.
Se bem que os planos híbridos não sejam comuns, nos últimos tempos, devido ao esforço para atenuar os riscos nos planos tradicionais, têm por vezes vindo a ser considerados uma opção menos arriscada, devido às suas características.
Na ilustração considerada nesta dissertação, temos um participante tipo que acabou de ser admitido no fundo de pensões e analisamos três modelos de planos híbridos, que comparamos com os planos de benefício definido e contribuição definida. O propósito é determinar, do ponto de vista do empregador e do ponto de vista do participante, quais os impactes de futuros choques nas taxas de juros, nas atualizações salariais anuais e na idade de reforma.
As ilustrações permitiram observar que os planos de pensões híbridos, de facto, oferecem melhores perspetivas, embora com alguns compromissos. Conclui-se que pode haver vantagem para os associados e para os participantes em considerar a possibilidade de implementar um plano híbrido, em alternativa aos planos de contribuição definida, atualmente mais populares, procurando oferecer melhor proteção e mantendo os custos dentro de limites aceitáveis.<br>In this dissertation we present an illustration of the most common Hybrid pension plans designs in five countries, which in our opinion can be taken as representatives of the Hybrid pension funds. The aim is to explore why Hybrid pension plans are being considered as an alternative to traditional pension plans.
Presently, Hybrid pension plans are not as widely used as Defined Benefit and Defined Contribution plans. In the recent times however, due to an effort to minimize the risks in these traditional plans, the Hybrid pension plan is considered as a less risky option due to its characteristic.
In the illustration considered one participant that has just been admitted to a pension plan, and analyse three different types of Hybrid plans and compare them with the traditional designs of DB and DC pension plans, in order to determine from the perspective of the sponsor (employer) of pension plan and from the perspective of the participant (employee), what are the cost/benefits of future shocks on the interest rates, salary increases rate and early retirement.
It was observed following the illustrations, that Hybrid pension plans do indeed offer better share of risks for both plan participants and sponsors although with some compromises.
We conclude that to improve on retirement plans, sponsors need to consider a Hybrid pension plan design as a replacement for the currently popular Defined Contribution plans. Participants on the other hand will welcome this replacement option because of the possibility of a higher risk protection.
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Mashruwala, Shamin D. "The impact of accounting smoothing on asset allocation in corporate pension plans : evidence from the U.K. /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8835.
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Bradley, Linda Jacobsen. "The Impact of the 1986 and 1987 Qualified Plan Regulation on Firms' Decision to Switch from Defined Benefit to Defined Contribution for Plans Larger than 100 Participants." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277648/.
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The purpose of this research was to examine the United States population of plans with over 100 participants to determine the extent of the reaction away from defined benefit plans resulting from the 1986 and 1987 legislation.
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Dimitrova, Milka. "Essays on corporate defined benefit pension plans and Chapter 11 bankruptcy." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/54712.
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In this thesis, I present two essays on corporate defined benefit pension claimants and Chapter 11 bankruptcy. First, defined benefit claimants are related to a lower likelihood that the firm files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. Second, defined benefit claimants influence the bankruptcy reorganization process beyond the role played by the firm's traditional creditors.
In the first essay, I examine the role of defined benefit claimants in times leading up to bankruptcy. Defined benefit claimants are less diversified and face higher costs of Chapter 11 bankruptcy than traditional lenders. I show that these differences have implications for the likelihood that firms file for Chapter 11 bankruptcy: the higher the share of defined benefit liabilities relative to overall liabilities, the lower the likelihood of Chapter 11 bankruptcy. These results indicate that defined benefit claimants' incentives to keep the firm as a going concern matter for the firm's decision to file for Chapter 11 and should be considered in studies of debt renegotiation between the firm and its creditors.
In the second essay, I focus on defined benefit claimants in bankruptcy and their impact on the reorganization process. I provide evidence that pension claimants influence the Chapter 11 restructuring beyond the impact of traditional lenders. In particular, defined benefit claimants play a role in the decision to terminate a pension plan in bankruptcy, in the likelihood that firms refile for bankruptcy, and in the amounts that unsecured creditors recover in bankruptcy. These results highlight a role for pension claimants in bankruptcy restructuring beyond that of traditional creditors. Additional tests indicate that one channel through which defined benefit claimants influence the Chapter 11 process and its outcomes is by accepting cuts in their pension liabilities which cannot be explained by the average reductions experienced by other creditors. These findings highlight the role of defined benefit claimants as an important player in bankruptcy restructuring.<br>Business, Sauder School of<br>Graduate
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Roncha, Ana Teresa Gouveia. "Asset allocation in occupational defined contribution and defined benefit pension plans : an empirical analysis." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16461.
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Mestrado em Finanças<br>Existem vários estudos relacionados com a carteira de investimento dos fundos de pensões, definidos como os patrimónios constituídos com as contribuições para os planos com o objetivo de financiar os benefícios de pensões, e quais as suas implicações no retorno futuro.
A alocação de ativos é contingente às características dos fundos e também ao ambiente económico de cada país onde os planos se estabelecem, tal como as regulamentações, as políticas de impostos, legislação e também características demográficas, como por exemplo a esperança média de vida.
Os estudos empíricos sobre o assunto usam distintas metodologias de estudo relacionadas com a alocação de ativos em cada fundo, encontrando diferentes implicações visto que usam diferentes hipóteses.
A principal pergunta que pretendemos responder e explorar no decorrer deste trabalho é se planos de pensões de benefício definido, contribuição definida e híbridos, que têm diversos riscos, características e objetivos, terão alocações de ativos também diferentes.
Iremos focar-nos neste estudo na gestão de ativos e na diferença entre a carteira de investimento durante onze anos de dez países da OECD. Iremos, também, calcular alguns testes estatísticos a fim de perceber se, dadas as diferenças nos planos de pensões e na alocação de ativos, os mesmos têm retornos diferentes. Adicionalmente, tentamos perceber qual o melhor fundo. A conclusão que foi alcançada considerou que os fundos de pensões híbridos, devido à sua composição, apresentam um retorno superior aos restantes, e portanto é também o fundo mais arriscado, enquanto DC e DB são estatisticamente semelhantes no seu retorno.<br>There are plenty of studies regarding the allocation of assets of the pension funds, defined as assets bought with the contributions to a pension plan for the exclusive purpose of financing pension plan benefits, and the implications of such allocation on the future returns.
The allocation of pension funds' assets is contingent to the characteristics of the plan and the economic environment of each country where the plans are based, such as regulation, tax policies, legislation, and demographics, like life expectancy. The empirical studies on the subject use different methodologies to study the asset allocation of each fund, finding different implications, since they use different assumptions.
The main question that we intent to explore in this study is that whether defined benefit, defined contribution and hybrid pensions plans, that have different risks, characteristics and objectives, have a different asset allocation on their investment.
We will focus our study on the asset management and on the differences between asset allocations through eleven years of ten different OECD countries. We will also perform some statistical tests on yearly data to understand if, given the differences between the pension plans and the allocation of the assets, the funds perform differently. We reached the conclusion that Hybrid pension plans, due to their composition, have an higher return and are the most risky type of pension, while DC and DB are statistically similar on their returns.<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Puskar, Semira. "Defined benefit versus defined contribution pension plans : how they compare for different working histories." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25274/25274.pdf.
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Zhang, Ting. "Three essays on corporate pension underfunding , securities valuation and market efficiency /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2009. http://0-digitalcommons.uri.edu.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/AAI3368009.
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Segodi, Vusi Oscar. "A law regulating taxation of pension benefits in South Africa." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1435.
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Thesis (LLM. (Labour Law)) -- University of Limpopo, 2015<br>This mini-dissertation discusses the legal reform of the taxation of pension benefits under the South African law. This study also discusses how South African pension benefits are taxed in instances wherein the member exits the fund either as a result of resignation, death, dismissal, retrenchment, disability and retirement. It further discusses the comparative study between South Africa, Canada, Australia and United Kingdom
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Stoycheva, Rayna L. "Sustainable governance and management of defined benefit plans in the pubic sector: lessons from the turbulent decade of 2000-2009." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41227.
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This study examined the determinants of public pension fund performance through the lens of agency theory. The study sought to answer the following questions: (1) How much of the fluctuation in the performance of pension plans is due to political interference - either directly from decisions made by legislatures or through the governance structure of the pension boards, after controlling for asset allocation, plan size, and other external factors? (2) Do pension board expertise, education and training, and information disclosure requirements improve the performance of pension plans? (3) Do pension trustees strategically determine the actuarial rate of return (discount rate) in order to reduce contributions in times of fiscal stress for the pension sponsor? Using longitudinal data of pension fund performance over the period 2000 to 2009 and instrumental variables methods to address endogeneity issues, the study found partial support for the agency theory hypotheses. The results indicate that political interference through reduced contributions was the main factor explaining pension performance. There was no direct evidence about the negative impact of politically appointed trustees on pension performance. The impact of these findings for current policy and future research are discussed.
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Stoycheva, Rayna L. "Sustainable Governance and Management of Defined Benefit Plans in the Public Sector: Lessons From the Turbulent Decade of 2000-2009." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/pmap_diss/44.
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This study examined the determinants of public pension fund performance through the lens of agency theory. The study sought to answer the following questions: (1) How much of the fluctuation in the performance of pension plans is due to political interference - either directly from decisions made by legislatures or through the governance structure of the pension boards, after controlling for asset allocation, plan size, and other external factors? (2) Do pension board expertise, education and training, and information disclosure requirements improve the performance of pension plans? (3) Do pension trustees strategically determine the actuarial rate of return (discount rate) in order to reduce contributions in times of fiscal stress for the pension sponsor? Using longitudinal data of pension fund performance over the period 2000 to 2009 and instrumental variables methods to address endogeneity issues, the study found partial support for the agency theory hypotheses. The results indicate that political interference through reduced contributions was the main factor explaining pension performance. There was no direct evidence about the negative impact of politically appointed trustees on pension performance. The impact of these findings for current policy and future research are discussed.
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Kiosse, Paraskevi. "Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension Plans in the US : Evidence on value relevance and earnings management." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.514457.
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Domingos, José Amílcar Neves. "Pension plan funding and market value of the firm : a study on portuguese companies." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14704.
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Mestrado em Finanças<br>O objetivo da presente Tese Final de Mestrado é testar a existência de um efeito direto entre o nível de financiamento do fundo de pensões de uma empresa e o seu valor de mercado. Constituindo uma parte vital do mercado de capitais, o estudo de ativos e passivos associados a planos de pensões é de particular interesse para investidores, shareholders e market makers.
Dois métodos distintos, um modelo cross-sectional e um estudo de evento "variable-effect" são utilizados para testar a hipótese de que um aumento do défice do plano de pensões seja incorporado pelo mercado através de um decréscimo de igual dimensão no valor de mercado de uma firma.
Para o período 2010-2015 e uma amostra de firmas do PSI Geral, ambos os modelos parecem indicar que o valor de mercado da firma não diminui devido a um aumento do défice no plano de pensões, e que o passivo associado a planos de pensões é apenas mais um componente do passivo. Estes resultados sugerem que os shareholders não têm em conta o nível de financiamento do plano de pensões na avaliação do valor da firma em separado, integrando-o na avaliação do passivo de forma indiferenciada.<br>The objective of the following Master's Final Work is to test the existence of a direct effect between the funding level of a firm's pension fund and its respective market price. As a relevant part of capital market, the study of pension assets and obligations is of particular importance to investors and market makers.
Two distinct methods, a cross-sectional model and a "variable-effect" event study will be used to assess the hypothesis that an increase in pension deficit is reflected in the market value of a firm by a decrease of equal magnitude.
For the period between 2010 and 2015, for a selected sample of PSI Geral firms, both models seem to indicate that a firm's market value is not reduced by an increase in pension deficit, and that pension liabilities are already integrated in corporate debt. These results suggest that shareholders do not take in account pension plan funding status when valuing the firm in a way contrasting with the normal evaluation of debt.<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Mitrou, Evisa. "Defined benefit plan retentions and pension buy-ins/buy-outs : evidence from the UK." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/32820.
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This thesis consists of three self-contained papers on defined benefit (DB) pension provision in the United Kingdom (UK). In particular, in the first paper, I examine the effect that labour market incentives, managerial incentives and the adoption of FRS17 by UK firms, have on DB plan retention decisions. In this paper, I also examine the role of insider trustees, defined as trustees that are also company executives, on the firm’s decision to keep DB plans open. I find that firms for which human capital is especially important are more likely to retain their defined benefit plans. In addition, CEO and CFO membership in the same pension plan that is provided for other employees positively influences the retention of defined benefit pension plans. Additional analysis using a sub-sample for which data on pension plan trustees are available suggests that being a CEO and a trustee increases the probability of DB plan retentions. Moreover, being a CEO/CFO trustee and a member of the DB plan offered to all employees increases the likelihood of DB plan retention. However, I do not find any evidence that voluntary adoption of FRS 17 influences DB plan retention. In addition, I find that insider-trustees have a positive influence on the decision to maintain DB plans, especially when they are members of these plans. In the second paper, I look at the effect of DB plan retentions and executive membership in them, on corporate credit ratings and the investment and dividend decisions. Empirical findings suggest that firms which continue to sponsor DB plans are more likely to have lower credit ratings which are exacerbated when these plans are underfunded. Despite the above effect however, I find that if the CEO is a member of the DB plan, it positively affects credit ratings. In addition, I find some evidence that the participation of CEOs in the main DB plans in conjunction with overfunded pension plans, negatively affect investment decisions when these schemes remain open. I do not find any association between CEOs membership in the main DB plan and dividend payments which may be explained by the market signalling effects of dividends. Finally, in the third paper, I provide a thorough analysis of the pension buy-in and buy-out market in the UK, and I empirically examine the determinants of such transactions from a firm and plan perspective. I find that firms that implement buy-ins have larger and more funded pension plans, are more profitable and have higher union densities. Moreover, firms that complete buy-outs have larger pension plans and allocate less pension assets in equity. Moreover, the number of employees is negatively associated with both transactions implying it is costlier for firms to conduct either a buy-in or buy-out transaction. While union density is positively associated with buy-ins, it has a negative effect on the likelihood of buy-outs suggesting that unions support buy-in but not buy-out transactions. This may be potentially explained by the fact that the latter are associated with with plan winding-ups.
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Park, Youngkyun. "Essays on retirement plans and fund commonalities within mutual fund families." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2008. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/19082.
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Business Administration<br>Ph.D.<br>This dissertation studies underfunding in defined benefit (DB) pension plans and firms' contribution behavior, 401(k) plan participant investments in lifecycle funds under plan sponsors' initiative, and fund commonalities within mutual fund families.
Responding to the recent decline in DB pension funding, firms have increased pension contributions to their underfunded plans. In the first essay I empirically examine firms' contribution behavior to underfunded DB plans and funding choice for pension contributions. I find that firms reveal different sensitivities of pension contributions to underfunding across aggregate funding levels. Furthermore, at a lower funding level firms have the greater sensitivity of pension contributions to underfunding and significantly utilize the tax deductibility of pension contributions. As for a funding choice to fund pension deficits, firms use debt financing at a low funding level, but utilize internal funding by decreasing capital expenditures at a lower funding level. Firms that use the debt financing are likely to have investment-grade credit ratings or high debt leverage, while firms that use the internal funding are likely to be high-levered ones.
Recently lifecycle funds have rapidly grown in self-directed retirement plans. Despite the increasing popularity among plan sponsors and participants, there are few empirical studies on lifecycle funds. In the second essay, I examine the recent lifecycle fund adoption behavior of 401(k) plan participants from 2004 to 2006. I find that the likelihood of participants changing an investment strategy to adopt lifecycle funds is not significantly affected by participant demographic characteristics, but by participant account and plan design features. This study extends our understanding of 401(k) plan participants' investment behavior by finding (1) that the substitution of lifecycle funds for balanced funds, as well as the designation of lifecycle funds as a plan default, strongly affect participants' investments in lifecycle funds and (2) that balanced fund holdings of participants are negatively associated with their lifecycle fund investments.
Mutual funds account for a significant portion of household financial assets and retirement assets. An understanding of characteristics of mutual funds is crucial to fund investors--especially those whose retirement nest eggs are in mutual funds. In the final essay, I examine the impacts of fund commonalities within mutual fund families on fund characteristics in terms of return residual correlations and fund operating expenses. As fund commonalities within a fund family, I focus on common stock holdings and common management of funds. I find that common stock holdings and an existence of a common manager of funds are positively related to return residual correlations, but negatively related to fund operating expenses. This finding suggests that when investors select low-cost equity funds within a family, they should be aware that there exists an investment risk that the fund commonalities that lower fund operating expenses may additionally increase return correlations of the funds.<br>Temple University--Theses
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Durtschi, Cindy 1953. "The influence of changes in accounting and tax regimes on the emphasis placed by firms on defined benefit pension plans." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288854.
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During the last ten years, the number of workers covered by defined benefit retirement plans has fallen precipitously. At the same time the number of workers covered by defined contribution plans has climbed to record levels. This study examines whether the changes in accounting and tax regimes contributed to the decreasing emphasis by firms on defined benefit pension plans. I control for economic variables identified in prior studies as determinants of pension choice. I also control for variables identified in the popular press as being responsible for the change in emphasis. This study extends prior pension choice literature by looking at previously identified pension determinants over an extended period of time and interacts those determinates with changes in accounting and tax regimes. I find that both the changes in accounting and tax regimes motivated firms to de-emphasize defined benefit plans.
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Iglesias, Carlos A. Kim Asa D. "Knowledge of the military retirement system among Naval Postgraduate School officers and analysis of associated retirement information sources." Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/MBAPR/2009/Jun/09Jun%5FIglesias%5FMBA.pdf.
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"Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration from the Naval Postgraduate School, June 2009."<br>Advisor(s): Henderson, David R. ; Eitelberg, Mark J. "June 2009." "MBA professional report"--Cover. Description based on title screen as viewed on July 14, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Military Retirement, Retirement Information Sources, Retirement Information Systems, General Military Training, Military Compensation, Defined Benefit Plan, Defined Contribution Plan, Military Pension, Military Retirement Fund, and Military Retirement Communication Modes. Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-74). Also available in print.
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Pinto, João Pedro Neto Ramos. "Plano de pensões de empresas e o valor da acção : o caso português." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10750.
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Mestrado em Economia Monetária e Financeira<br>O objectivo deste trabalho é averiguar empiricamente a existência de uma relação entre o nível de financiamento das responsabilidades com os planos de pensões de benefício definido e o valor de mercado da empresa. Esta relação tem importantes implicações na poupança agregada e no governo das sociedades. Foram seleccionadas para análise as empresas do PSI Geral que providenciavam este tipo de plano, abrangendo um período de 6 anos, de 2005 até 2010. O resultado das estimações revela uma relação estatisticamente significativa apenas para o ano de 2008. Estes resultados mantêm-se após a exclusão das empresas do sector bancário cujas responsabilidades abrangem o primeiro e segundo pilar da protecção social.<br>The aim of this study is to investigate empirically the existence of a relationship between the funding status of corporate liabilities with defined benefit pension plans and its market value. This relationship has important implications for aggregate saving and corporate governance. We select for our analysis the PSI Geral companies that provided this type of plan, covering a period of six years from 2005 to 2010. The results of our estimations reveal a statistical significant relationship only for the year 2008. These results remained after the exclusion of the banking sector companies whose liabilities include the first and second pillar of social protection.
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Quelhas, Ana Paula do Canto Lopes Pires Santos. "Longevidade e investimento: reflexão em torno dos fundos de pensões em Portugal." Doctoral thesis, Universidade Portucalense, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11328/1372.
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Tese de Doutoramento em Gestão<br>O presente trabalho envolve dois objetivos principais: o de aprofundar o
conhecimento do sector dos fundos de pensões em Portugal e o de examinar o conceito
de risco de longevidade nas suas várias vertentes, particularmente no modo como o
mesmo afeta as decisões de investimento no contexto dos fundos de pensões.
Primeiramente, sustentando-nos, essencialmente, numa metodologia descritiva e
de revisão da literatura, procurou-se avaliar o modo de interação entre o sistema público
e os fundos de pensões nacionais em matéria de provisão de pensões de velhice. A
pesquisa conduzida permitiu evidenciar as particularidades subjacentes ao caso
nacional, entre as quais destacamos: o caráter tardio da maturação do sistema público de
pensões, bem como a relativa generosidade que, em tempo, terá marcado o sistema de
proteção social português; o aparente paradoxo que carateriza a transferência dos ativos
de alguns dos fundos de pensões para a esfera da segurança social – tal como a
responsabilidade de pagamento das pensões que os mesmos visavam financiar –
operação esta que parece ter ocorrido ao arrepio da tendência anteriormente observada,
mormente no conteúdo do texto das sucessivas Leis de Bases da Segurança Social de
2000, de 2002 e de 2007, onde se encorajava o recurso a esquemas privados de
previdência; a fraca transversalidade dos fundos de pensões nacionais, com o total de
ativos a representar, em 2013, cerca de 9% do PIB e com o sector bancário a deter cerca
de 73% dos fundos profissionais; a relevância do risco de longevidade, o qual não
constitui um atributo exclusivo dos sistemas públicos de pensões, mas que se torna
particularmente visível no âmbito dos fundos fechados, impondo pressões consideráveis
nos níveis de financiamento dos respetivos planos.
Seguidamente, tomando a composição do investimento de 56 fundos nacionais
destinados ao financiamento de planos de benefício definido, entre 2011 e 2013, por
intermédio de análise bivariada, testaram-se algumas hipóteses de investigação,
exercício este que permitiu evidenciar a aparente desconexão entre a dimensão dos
fundos e a cobertura das responsabilidades afins, bem como a antiguidade e o montante
das responsabilidades associadas a cada fundo. Para além disso, explorou-se a eventual
existência de «comportamentos de manada» ao nível da composição do investimento
dos mesmos fundos, a qual revelou, contudo, ser pouco significativa, o que se poderá
dever à reduzida dimensão da amostra. Os resultados obtidos sugerem alguma
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atipicidade dos fundos de pensões nacionais, os quais parecem ter uma dimensão
redutora enquanto meros produtos de investimento, esvaziando-se a sua vertente
previdencial. Uma vez sublinhada a relevância do risco de longevidade no contexto dos
fundos de pensões, percorrem-se algumas das possibilidades de cobertura, desde os
denominados instrumentos tradicionais até aos instrumentos do life-market, ou seja, os
longevity-linked assets. Porém, um dos contributos mais relevantes do presente trabalho
é o que resulta do desenvolvimento de um modelo multiperíodo, que permite a
otimização da taxa de contribuição a realizar, ao longo de T períodos de tempo, para um
plano de benefício definido e que se afigura como uma alternativa aos tradicionais
modelos de valoração.<br>This work is committed with two main goals: to improve the knowledge
concerning Portuguese pension plans and pension funds, and to examine the concept of
longevity risk, taking into consideration its multiple features, mainly the way how it
affects the investment process in the context of pension funds.
First, based on descriptive and literature review methodologies, the interaction
between the state action and the pension funds action in the context of old-age pension
provision is scrutinized. This research allowed us to highlight the peculiarities
underlying the Portuguese case, such as: the late maturation of the Portuguese pension
system, and also the relative generosity that, at a certain point, have marked the
Portuguese social protection system; the possible paradox that involves the transfer of
the some pension funds’ assets to the sphere of social security – at the responsibility to
pay the relates pensions as well – which operation seems to be contradictory with the
tendency previously observed, taking into consideration the text of the successive Basic
Laws of Social Security in 2000, 2002 and 2007, within which the use of private
pension schemes was encouraged; the weak representativeness of national pension
funds, with total assets corresponding, in 2013, roughly to 9% of GDP, and with the
banking sector holding about 73% of professional pension funds; the relevance of
longevity risk, which undermines not only the public pension system, becoming
particularly visible within the closed funds, and imposing huge pressure on the own
plans funding levels.
Afterwards, taking into consideration 56 national pension plans’ investment
composition, from 2011 to 2013, using bivariate analysis, some research hypotheses are
tested. This exercise highlighted the apparent disconnect between the funds’ size and
coverage of related responsibilities, and also between the matureness and the amount of
liabilities associated with each fund. Furthermore, the possible existence of herd
behaviour between these funds at the level of their investment composition is also
explored. This possibility did not reveal to be significant, may be due to the sample
dimension. These results suggest some atypicality of national pension funds, which
seem to only have a financial dimension, disregarding their welfare features. As long
the relevance of longevity risk in the context of pension funds has been emphasized,
some of hedging possibilities are discussed, from the usually named traditional
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instruments to the life-market instruments, the so-called longevity-linked assets.
However, one of the most relevant contributions of this work is the development of a
multi-period model, which allows us to optimize the contribution rate, over T periods of
time, for a defined benefit plan and may be seen as an alternative approach to traditional
valuation models.<br>Orientação: Prof. Doutor Luís Miguel da Mata Artur Dias Pacheco
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Bergliden, Cecilia, and Vendela Lindvall. "Avsättningar till pensioner : En studie om IAS 19 och konsekvenserna av dess implementering." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Business Studies, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-490.
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<p>Background: At the turn of the year 2004/2005, IAS 19 replaced Tryggandelagen (TrL) and RR 29 as the accounting standard in Swedish concerns. This introduction was associated with a certain apprehension for the possible changes in the companies’ pension liabilities and equity.</p><p>Purpose: To illustrate the difficulties of the introduction of IAS 19 by observing how it differs from TrL, and what kind of problems these differences can cause.</p><p>Procedure: Individuals who are well up in, and work with pension liabilities have been interviewed. After this follows an example of the calculated pension liability of a company, to illustrate the differences between the calculations according to TrL and IAS 19. To conclude the chapter, a comparison between a number of companies from the Stockholm stock exchange is made to establish their various actuarial assumptions.</p><p>Method: The essay mainly follows the qualitative research method, since this method is more appropriate when the substance in the matter is based on detailed differences and opinions.</p><p>Results and conclusions: The introduction of IAS 19 has taken time and been an expensive matter, although the expenses weren’t as great as feared. The introduction gave positive effects, such as an increased control of the pension liabilities. Because of this, there is a positive attitude towards IAS among the accounting profession. However, problems connected with the introduction have occurred, such as complicated procedures and “teething troubles”, but the advantages and disadvantages make up for the other.</p><p>The companies’ right of self-determination when it comes to actuarial assumptions seems to cause problems with for example the transparency. Therefore it is recommended that the companies should have to justify their choice of assumptions. It is also recommended that there should be more specified criteria of which assumptions that should be included in the annual report.</p><br><p>Bakgrund: Vid årsskiftet 2004/2005 ersatte IAS 19 Tryggandelagen (TrL) och RR 29 som redovisningsstandard i svenska koncerner. Det här införandet förknippades med en viss oro över förändringar i företagens pensionsskulder och eget kapital.</p><p>Syfte: Att belysa svårigheterna vid införandet av IAS 19 genom att se hur IAS 19 skiljer sig från Tryggandelagen och vilka problem som de här skillnaderna kan medföra.</p><p>Tillvägagångssätt: Personer som arbetar med och är väl insatta i ämnet redovisning av pensionsskulder intervjuas. Företagsexempel visas för att belysa skillnader vid uträkning av pensionsskulder enligt TrL och IAS 19. Avslutningsvis görs en jämförelse mellan ett antal företag på Stockholmsbörsen för att visa deras olika aktuariella antaganden.</p><p>Metod: Huvudsakligen följer uppsatsen den kvalitativa forskningsmetoden eftersom den metoden lämpar sig bäst för att få substans i materialet som baseras på detaljerade skillnader och åsikter.</p><p>Resultat och slutsatser: Införandet av IAS 19 har tagit tid och varit kostsamt, men kostnaden blev inte lika stor som befarat. Införandet gav positiva fördelar, såsom ökad kontroll av kostnaden för pensionsförpliktelser. Därför råder en positiv inställning till IAS bland redovisningsprofessionen. Problem i form av både komplicerat förfarande och barnsjukdomar finns sammankopplat med införandet, men fördelarna uppväger nackdelarna.</p><p>Företagens självbestämmanderätt gällandes de aktuariella antagandena förefaller kunna orsaka problem med bland annat transparensen. Därför rekommenderas motivering av antagandena och mer specifika regler för vilka antaganden som ska anges i årsredovisningarna.</p>
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Jarnbo, Cecilia, and Sophie Ljungberg. "Konsekvenser vid slopandet av korridormetoden : Engångseffekten på eget kapital." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-28102.
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Hur företag påverkades av slopandet av korridormetoden varierade från företag till företag. Dock hade alla undersökta företag som tillämpat korridormetoden räkenskapsår 2012, ackumelerade underskott. Den totala genomsnittliga effekten på eget kapial blev en minskning med -4,49 procent. En sjättedel av företagen i undersökningen vidtog någon åtgärd för att förebygga en negativ effekt på eget kapital. Den främsta åtgärd som dessa företag hade vidtagit, var att de successivt hade övergått till avgiftsbestämda pensionsplaner under de senaste åren och stängt de förmånsbestämda pensionsplanerna, vilket har förebyggt en negativ effekt. En ytterligare anledning till varför effekten inte blev så stor som befarades i media, kan bero på att en del företag valde att tillämpa den reviderade IAS 19 i förtid, det vill säga under tidigare räkenskapsår.<br>How the corporates equity was affected due to the abolishment of the corridor method varies from corporate to corporate. However, all investigated corporates in the essay which practiced the corridor method the fiscal year 2012 had an accumulated deficit. The total average effect on equity shows a decrease by -4,49 percent. One sixth of the corporates reviewed performed preventive actions to mitigate a negative effect on equity. One foremost action these corporates performed was to move from defined benefit plans to contribution plans the last years and close the defined benefit plans. One additional cause why the effect on equity was not as big as the media predicted, could be because some corporates choose to practice the revised IAS 19 in their previous fiscal years.
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Quiroga, Badani Pamela, and Vargas Tania García. "Nya IAS 19 : Inför borttagandet av korridormetoden 2013." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för ekonomi och företagande, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-15339.
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Bakgrund och problem: IAS 19 genomgår en ny förändring då en av redovisningsmetoderna för aktuariella vinster och förluster avskaffas. Korridormetoden, som fungerar som en utjämningsmekanism är den mest frekvent tillämpade metoden av stora börsnoterade bolag i Sverige. Avskaffningen av metoden väntas få effekter på dessa företags finansiella ställning då företag 2013 kommer tvingas ta fram sina oredovisade aktuariella förluster och redovisa dessa i sin helhet. Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att studera berörda aktörers uppfattning om nya IAS 19 som träder i kraft 2013 samt vilken påverkan den förväntas ha på börsnoterade företag som idag tillämpar korridormetoden. Metod: Genom intervjuer inhämtade vi material av kvalitativ natur. Data av denna karaktär är bäst lämpad för vår studie då vi vill undersöka inställningar till en förändring som ännu inte har trätt i kraft och som kommer beröra företags finansiella rapportering. Resultat och slutsats: Kritiken från två av de tillfrågade gällande korridormetoden rör inte den utjämningsmekanism som finns, utan snarare att metoden inte har genomfört sitt syfte som man upptäckt på senare år. Detta har i sin tur lett till att företag samlat på sig stora aktuariella förluster i samband med sina pensionsåtaganden. Då IAS 19 har krävt flera omarbetningar och den senaste modifieringen av standarden kan ses som en tillfällig lösning tills att man kommer fram till en metod som speglar skulden på ett mer korrekt sätt. Borttagandet av korridormetoden har enligt respondenterna fler fördelar än nackdelar vilket för pensionsredovisningen vidare i utvecklingen. Dock medger alla respondenter att komplexiteten fortfarande är för bred för att IAS 19 inte ska kräva ännu mera omarbetning. Vi ser ännu inte att problemen med pensionsredovisningen är nära att nå sitt slut. Respondenternas attityder kring problemet är att en förenkling eftersträvas men vägledning som leder till lösning på problemet är ännu mer avlägset. Ingen av våra respondenter har framfört att borttagandet av korridormetoden är självaste lösningen på problemet. Förslag till vidare forskning: Vi skulle tycka det vore intressant om man undersökte efter övergången till en av de andra två metoderna för att mäta de effekter som slopandet av korridormetoden medförde. Hur stora aktuariella förluster fick företag inom Large Cap?<br>Background to problem: IAS 19, is undergoing a new change when one of the accounting methods to actuarial gains and losses is eliminated. The corridor method, which acts as a clearing mechanism is the most frequently applied method of large listed companies. Abolishment of the method is expected to have an impact on their financial position starting in the year 2013. Companies are forced to report its unrecognized actuarial losses and account these entirely. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to study the actors' perception of the new IAS 19 which comes into force in 2013 and the expected impact on the large listed companies applying the corridor method at present. Methodology: We acquired materials of a qualitative nature through interviews. Data of this nature is best suited for our study because we want to examine the settings for a change that has not yet entered into force and is expected to affect the company’s financial reporting. Conclusions: The criticism from two of the surveyed does not concern the meaning of the standard IAS 19 parse, but rather that the method has not fulfilled its purpose as exposed in recent years. This has in turn led to accumulated actuarial losses related to its pension commitments.IAS 19 has required several revisions, and the latest modification of the standard can be viewed as a temporary solution until a method that reflects the debt in a more accurate way is achieved. Removal of the corridor method, according to respondents, has more advantages than disadvantages which leads the pension accounting further in development. However, all respondents admit that the complexity is still too wide for IAS 19, and will require more adjustments. We do not see that the problems with pension accounting are close to reaching its end. Respondents' attitudes to the problem are that the simplification is needed, but guidance that leads to the solution of the problem is even more remote. None of our respondents have said that the removal of the corridor approach is the solution to the major problem of pension accounting. Suggestions for further research: We would find it interesting if a study is made after the transition to one of the other two methods, measuring the impact of the abolition of the corridor approach. How large actuarial losses were companies in the large-cap hit of?
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Färnlycke, Sarah, and Zandra Lundgren. "Aktuariella vinster och förluster : Valet av redovisningsmetod enligt IAS 19 samt borttagandet av korridormetoden." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för ekonomi och företagande, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-16931.
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Background to problem: Pensions play a big role in people's lives when life expectancy continues to increase. Companies can choose different ways of reporting their pension plans, and within the defined benefit pension plan poses the actuarial gains and losses that can be reported based on three different methods. Only one method will exist from 2013, how will the companies that use the other two handle the new situation? Purpose: Investigate why different companies have chosen to report its actuarial gains and losses along the corridor approach, directly against income or directly in equity. How will the companies that use the corridor method manage the situation when it will only be allowed to report in other comprehensive income as of 2013 and how will this affect them. Methodology: Data was collected through qualitative questionnaires sent to companies listed on Nasdaq OMX Nordic Stockholm, Large Cap and Mid Cap, and a qualitative interview. We felt that the best way to getting the desired information was to use qualitative questionnaires and an interview. Conclusions: The corridor method is chosen mainly because the actuarial gains and losses do not affect the company as much as when using the other two methods. To report directly to equity is preferred as the result of the company is not affected. The change from the corridor method to recognize in other comprehensive income as of 2013 will mean that the pension liability and equity is adversely affected. Suggestions for further research: Study how companies were affected by the implementation of the revised IAS 19. What was the impact on businesses in the method transition?<br>Bakgrund och problem: Pensionen spelar en stor roll i människors liv då livslängden fortsätter att öka. Företag kan välja olika sätt att redovisa sina pensionsplaner, och inom den förmånsbestämda pensionsplanen uppkommer det aktuariella vinster och förluster som kan redovisas med tre olika metoder. Från 2013 kommer endast en metod att finnas kvar, hur kommer då företagen som använder sig utav de andra metoderna att hantera situationen? Syfte: Undersöka varför olika företag har valt att redovisa sina aktuariella vinster och förluster utefter korridormetoden, direkt mot resultatet eller direkt mot eget kapital. Hur kommer de företag som använder korridormetoden hantera situationen när det endast kommer vara tillåtet att redovisa i övrigt totalresultat från 2013 och hur kommer det här påverka dem. Metod: Data samlades in genom en kvalitativ intervju samt enkäter som skickades till börsnoterade företag. Att använda oss av enkäter samt en intervju ansåg vi var det bästa sättet för att få fram önskad information. Slutsats: Korridormetoden väljs främst för att de aktuariella vinsterna och förlusterna inte påverkar företaget i samma utsträckning som vid användning av de andra två metoderna. Att redovisa direkt mot eget kapital föredras eftersom resultatet i företaget inte påverkas. Bytet från korridormetoden till att redovisa i övrigt totalresultat från 2013 kommer innebära att pensionsskulden ökar och eget kapital påverkas negativt. Förslag på vidare forskning: Studera hur företagen påverkats av implementeringen av den omarbetade IAS 19. Vad blev det för konsekvenser för företagen vid metodbytet?
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Anjos, Gustavo Saraiva dos. "Pensions accounting and value relevance." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9588.
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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Finance from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics<br>The importance of this research is related with the value of the value relevance literature and its contribution to accounting setters. It is indeed emphasized by the changes in IAS 19 proposed by the IASB in 2010. In this context, the primary objective of this study is to provide a literature review regarding post-retirement benefits with focus in defined benefit plans, taking into consideration the way to account for that and its relation with equity value and also the value relevance from an investor perspective within benefit plans accounting. As conclusion, we identified in previous literature that the full recognition of actuarial gains and losses in equity is more value relevant to the investor, wich is according the last amendment of IAS 19, and its main proposition is the elimination of the corridor approach.
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Farinha, Ana Jeanete Silva. "Components of UK defined benefit occupational pension schemes with a gender analysis." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/17787.
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Mestrado em Finanças<br>Quando iniciamos uma carreira profissional, a intenção é garantir autossustentabilidade. À medida que a vida vai passando terminamos esse ciclo de carreira profissional e iniciamos um período de reforma. É importante garantir um rendimento auto sustentável nesta fase de vida e optar por subscrever um regime de pensões de Benefício Definido é uma forma viável de o fazer.
O objetivo deste trabalho é entender quais poderão ser principais componentes que impactam o comportamento dos Planos Ocupacionais de Benefício Definido em número e valor. Isso significa que aumentando o valor final de um plano de pensão em particular, poderemos aumentar o número total de Planos Ocupacionais de Benefício Definido para a população que decidimos estudar.
Como o sistema de Pensões do Reino Unido foi caracterizado por uma série de reformas discriminatórias em género, decidimos incluir uma secção com os comentários que consideramos importantes em relação a Análise de Género.<br>When we initiate our work life, the intention to do it is to guarantee our self-sustainability. As life goes by, we end our work life and start a retirement period. It is important to guarantee a self-sustainable income in this period of life and opt to subscribe a Defined Benefit (DB) Occupational Pension Scheme (OPS), is a viable way to do it.
The aim of this work is to understand which can be components that impact (DB) (OPS) in number and in value by association. This means by increasing the final amount of a particular pension plan this can increase the total number of (DB) (OPS) in the population that we decided to study.
As United Kingdom (UK) pension system has been conducted a serial Reform Acts that is gender discriminatory, we also perform the considerations that we intend as necessary on Gender Analysis.<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Gasparini, Marise Theodoro da Silva. "Tendências nos desenhos de planos de benefícios nos fundos de pensão do ES." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/3776.
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Made available in DSpace on 2009-11-18T19:00:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2001<br>o trabalho discute os fatores que condicionaram a migração de planos de beneficios entre os Fundos de Pensão localizados no Estado do Espírito Santo. O mais antigo modelo de plano de beneficios implantado no Brasil, o plano de beneficio definido, tem características bastante vantajosas aos participantes, pois as empresas patrocinadoras assumem os riscos de desequilíbrio do plano, e os beneficios futuros são assegurados aos participantes. O segundo modelo, mais recente no país, tem como característica principal o fato de que o participante assume os riscos do plano, e os beneficios futuros dependem de diversos fatores, como rentabilidade, tempo de participação, entre outros, deixando de existir garantia aos participantes. Apesar disso, os Fundos de Pensão tem implantado processos de migração de planos de beneficio definido para contribuição definida com sucesso. O texto procura identificar as razões e conseqüências da migração, estabelecendo correlações entre os dois modelos, identificando suas diferenças e semelhanças, o papel exercido pelas empresas patrocinadoras e a estratégia de convencimento dos participantes. Pretende-se que as reflexões sobre esse processo possam contribuir para que os Fundos de Pensão e outros pesquisadores interessados possam ter um nível maior de compreensão e fundamentação sobre o assunto.<br>This dissertation discusses the factors that have created the framework for the migration of the pension plans among the pension funds in the state of Espirito Santo. The first benefit plan model in Brazil, the defined benefit plan, has many advantages for the participant. Their risks are supported by the sponsor of the plan, and future benefits are assured to the participants. The second model, more recently introduced in the country, has its main point in the fact that participants have to bear the risks, and future benefits depend on many factors like the historical performance of the plan and time of participation, and there is no guaranty to the participants. Regardless these facts, pension funds have adopted successful processes for the migration from defined benefits plans to defined contribution plans. This text identifies reasons and consequences of those process of migration, establishing correlations, differences and similarities between the two models, and the role of the sponsors and their strategies in persuading the participants. We intend to raise questions upon this process, in order to contribute for a greater levei of comprehension of the issue.
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Barras, Rita Andreia Capelinha. "What is the best accounting policy for gains and losses in pensions?" Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/10052.
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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Finance from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics<br>The importance of this research is emphasized by the changes in IAS 19 proposed by the IASB in 2010. In this context, the primary objective of our analysis is to provide a comparison between the three allowed methods to account for the recognition of actuarial gains and losses, taking into consideration their value relevance for the investor, within defined benefit plans accounting. Our results provide evidence that full recognition of actuarial gains and losses in equity is more value relevant to investors than full recognition in the income statement, and than the recognized smoothed net pension liability through the corridor approach.
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Cozort, Larry A. "The effect of accrued pension benefit preservation on worker mobility in muliemployer plans." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54746.
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The relationship between mobility of vested plan participants and the use of reciprocity agreements in multiemployer plans was investigated. The assumption that pension benefit forfeiture retards worker mobility was considered. The assumption that worker mobility is enhanced by benefit preservation is one of the justifications for tax incentives provided retirement plans.
Several variables were considered in addition to the use or nonuse of reciprocity agreements; however, none of the variables were found to be significantly related to the turnover rate for vested plan participants in multiemployer plans. The primary conclusion of the research was that the hypothesis that benefit preservation through the use of reciprocity agreements in multiemployer plans is ineffective in increasing turnover for vested plan participants could not be rejected.<br>Ph. D.
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Serlenga, Lorenzo. "Effects of transfers on liabilities of pension schemes." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20994.
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Mestrado em Actuarial Science<br>Nos últimos anos, as regras de adesão aos planos de pensões no Reino Unido tornaram-se mais flexíveis e a maioria dos membros passou a ter a possibilidade de mudar de um plano para outro, de acordo com as suas necessidades pessoais e financeiras. Isto significa que um dado membro, se assim o desejar, pode transferir o valor acumulado das contribuições feitas em seu favor para um outro fundo.
A opção de transferir é justificada sobretudo pelo facto de os planos CD serem mais flexíveis na forma como os benefícios são recebidos e, às vezes, permitirem um maior controlo do membro sobre a forma como o dinheiro é investido - As transferências são um procedimento complexo do ponto de vista atuarial: os administradores precisam de calcular o montante que deve ser entregue ao membro que sai, uma tarefa realizada com a assistência do atuário do plano, que tem que definir os pressupostos económicos e demográficos necessários para o cálculo.
Este trabalho resulta de um estágio no Lisbon Service Centre da Willis Tower Watson, onde estive envolvido no processo de avaliação de fundos de pensões do Reino Unido, com o objetivo de projetar as responsabilidades futuras dos planos. A legislação impõe que as empresas do Reino Unido realizem avaliações, pelo menos, a cada três anos, dada a importância, tanto para os membros como para as empresas, de conhecer o respetivo nível de financiamento e a situação financeira, em geral.<br>In the last years the regulations for pension plans membership became more flexible and most members have now the possibility to move from a scheme to another, according to their personal and financial needs. This means members are able to move their accumulated pots through a transfer, and this usually happens from a Defined Benefit (DB) to a Defined Contribution (DC) scheme.
The option to transfer is justified because DC schemes are characterized by more freedom regarding the way benefits are collected and sometimes more control on the way the money is invested - although the member will take on the investment risk, the longevity risk and the income management risk.
Transfers are a complex procedure from the actuarial point of view: trustees need to calculate the lump sum to be provided to the member leaving the scheme, a task performed with the assistance of actuaries, who are asked to set the economic and demographic assumptions required for the calculation.
This work is a result of an internship at the Lisbon Service Center of Willis Tower Watson, where I have been involved in the UK pension fund valuation process, with the objective of projecting the future liability of schemes. Legislation imposes that UK firms must perform valuations of the schemes at least every three years, given the importance, both for members and clients, of knowing their funding position and financial situation.<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Rosa, Maria Inês Pereira. "Setting assumptions : different ways to measure the funding position of a UK pension scheme." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/15001.
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Mestrado em Actuarial Science<br>Um fundo de pensões é um produto de investimentos, onde cada membro desse fundo paga contribuições para na idade de reforma receber uma pensão. Este á uma definição de fundos de pensões é extremamente simples, ao comparar com fundos de pensões provenientes do Reino Unido, onde eles são bastante complexos e específicos.
Este relatório resulta de um estágio realizado no escritório de Lisboa da Willis Towers Watson, na área de Fundos de Pensões, onde a maioria do trabalho desempenhado foi em relação a avaliações atuariais de fundos de pensões do Reino Unido.
O objetivo principal deste projeto é analisar as diferentes formas de avaliar a posição de financiamento de um fundo de pensões, tendo em conta a escolha dos pressupostos. Como resultado desse estudo teremos uma análise prática do impacto dos pressupostos escolhidos nos resultados obtidos. Neste estudo foram usados dois esquemas, com os quais trabalhei durante o meu estágio curricular.
Academicamente, este relatório de estágio contribuiu bastante para o meu conhecimento quanto á avaliação do nível de financiamento de um fundo de pensões, bem como para a aplicação prática de conhecimento adquirido durante o meu mestrado, em áreas como modelos de sobrevivência, cálculo de pensões, mercados financeiros, entre outros<br>A pension fund is defined as an investment product in which the members of the scheme pay contributions in order to receive an income at retirement. This is a very simplistic definition when compared to the United Kingdom's Pension funds, which are complex and very specific financial products.
This report is a result of an internship at the Willis Towers Watson Lisbon office, in the area of retirement, where the main scope of the work was in UK pension schemes' Actuarial Valuations.
The main goal of this project is to study the different ways of measuring the funding position of a pension scheme, regarding the setting of assumptions. This will result in a practical demonstration of the impact of the defined assumptions on the results obtained. In order to do that, two pension schemes will be used, from companies that have been the focus of the internship.
For academic purposes, this internship report contributes to a better understanding on measuring the funding position of pension schemes, and also on the application of knowledge obtained in the master's, for example on survival models, life annuities, financial markets and other subjects/topics.<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Coutinho, Maria da Graça de Tavares e. Távora Pereira. "Analysing data from pension schemes : data quality and relevance for actuarial valuations." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19018.
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Mestrado em Actuarial Science<br>Os dados são o objeto de uma análise atuarial. O primeiro passo de uma avaliação é a revisão dos dados, juntamente com a definição dos pressupostos necessários e tendo conhecimento da teoria atuarial - estas componentes juntas permitirão ao atuário realizar os cálculos necessários e interpretar os resultados obtidos.
Tendo isto em consideração, a qualidade dos dados sobressaiu como um elemento fundamental, tendo sido o tema escolhido para este trabalho.
Depois de um estágio no escritório de Lisboa da Willis Towers Watson, percebi que os dados são um campo bastante importante, tendo sido algo com que lidei diariamente.
Neste trabalho, darei um conhecimento inicial sobre fundos de pensões, especialmente fundos de pensões do Reino Unido, uma vez que foram o meu foco durante o estágio. Apresentarei ainda um caso de estudo sobre dificuldades nos dados e o seu impacto numa avaliação, de forma a fornecer uma ilustração com números reais e o impacto que pequenos problemas podem causar.
Para este estudo, um cliente de treino foi usado e os problemas apresentados foram baseados na minha experiência no trabalho diário ? todas as incoerências apresentadas no Capítulo 5 foram encontradas (e corrigidas) em clientes reais nos quais trabalhei durante o estágio.<br>Data is the object of an actuarial analysis. Reviewing the data is the first step of a valuation, along with setting up assumptions and having the knowledge about the actuarial theory - these components together will enable the actuary to perform the necessary calculations and interpret its results.
Having this in mind, data quality is something worthy to give a thought about and that's what this work will be for.
After an internship at Willis Towers Watson Lisbon office, I realised data was a subject of high importance and the one I dealt with on a daily basis.
Here, I will give some background knowledge about pension schemes, mainly United Kingdom pension schemes as they were my main focus. A case study about data issues and their impact on a valuation will be presented to give the reader real numbers and the real impact some minor data issues can have.
For this study, a training client was used and the problems described were based on my work-experience - all inaccuracies present in Chapter 5 were found (and corrected) in real clients during my internship.<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Louisy-Louis, Moise. "The determinants of rates used in défined-benefit pension plans : a pan-European study of financial institutions over 2005/2011." Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE0026/document.
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A la lumière du débat actuel visant la comptabilisation des engagements de retraite, la thèse examine les forces et faiblesses de la comptabilisation telle que stipulée par le normalisateur international, l’International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). Afin d’étayer nos arguments, nous étudions l’influence de certains paramètres, à savoir la rentabilité, les flux, le levier financier, le levier des engagements de retraite, ou la composition du portefeuille d’actifs du régime, parmi d’autres, sur le choix du taux d’actualisation et du taux de rendement attendu des actifs du régime dans le cadre des régimes à prestations définies. La littérature, incluant en particulier les travaux d’Amir et Benartzi (1998), Asthana (1999), Picconi (2006), ou Adams, Frank et Perry (2011), identifie ces paramètres comme influents sur le choix des taux. A l’échelle de l’entreprise, l’impact de ces taux peut être significatif sur le niveau d’endettement ou de rentabilité, et à l’échelle de l’économie, le provisionnement correct des engagements de retraite représente un défi majeur pour des secteurs, industries ou nations (OECD, 2011). Dans ce contexte, la dissertation analyse en détails les règles comptables, la recherche et les pratiques en usage en Europe, une région qui a traditionnellement attiré relativement peu d’intérêt empirique à un niveau paneuropéen notamment à cause de la grande diversité qui caractérise les pratiques comptables et les juridictions locales. Une étude basée sur les membres du Stoxx Europe Total Market Index a été réalisée afin de répondre à la problématique suivante : quels sont les facteurs influençant et expliquant le choix du taux d’actualisation et du taux de rendement attendu des actifs du régime ?<br>In light of the current debate about pension accounting, the dissertation examines the strengths and weaknesses of pension accounting as stipulated by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). To substantiate our arguments, we study the influence of key parameters, namely profitability, cash flow, leverage, funding status, and plan asset investment allocation, among others, on the choice of the discount rate and the expected rate of return used when accounting for defined benefit pension schemes. Prior literature, including research performed by Amir and Benartzi (1998), Asthana (1999), Picconi (2006), and Adams, Frank and Perry (2011), identifies these factors as influential in the choice of these rates. At a micro level, the impact of these rates can be tremendous on the financial status of reporting entities (e.g. inflated/deflated indebtedness or earnings) and at a macro level, the correct provisioning of pension represents a major challenge for sectors, industries or nations as a whole (OECD, 2011). In such a context, the dissertation reviews in details current regulation, research, and practices across Europe, a region which has historically attracted relatively little empirical research on a pan-European basis mainly because of the great diversity in accounting practices and local jurisdictions. A study focused on members of Stoxx Europe Total Market Index is performed to address the following research question: what are the factors impacting and explaining the choice of the discount rate and the expected rate of return ?
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Antunes, Paulo Alexandre Rosa Pereira. "Modelação estocástica de fundos de pensões." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/2436.
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Mestrado em Ciências Actuariais<br>Nesta dissertação é apresentado um modelo de análise da evolução de um plano de
pensões de benefício definido, baseado na simulação estocástica da evolução dos salários dos participantes, responsabilidades, retorno dos activos e níveis de financiamento. O comportamento das variáveis subjacentes à evolução do modelo, nomeadamente a inflação, taxas de juro e retorno dos diversos activos é modelizado com base nos modelos financeiros de longo prazo de Wilkie e Hibbert. O risco associado às contribuições a efectuar pelo promotor do plano é medido através da dispersão das distribuições empíricas obtidas para o valor da taxa média de contribuição sobre os salários dos participantes. Os resultados obtidos a partir dos dois modelos são comparados graficamente e através da análise de estatísticas relevantes, interpretando-se as diferenças entre os resultados obtidos à luz das características dos modelos utilizados. Adicionalmente, são realizadas análises de sensibilidade dos resultados dos modelos face a variações de alguns dos parâmetros utilizados.<br>This dissertation presents an analytic model of the evolution of a defined benefit pension plan, based on the stochastic simulation of participant's wages, responsibilities, asset returns and funding levels. The behavior of the variables underlying the model, namely inflation, interest rates and asset returns is modeled based on the long term financial models of Wilkie and Hibbert. The risk related to the contributions to be made by the plan's sponsor is measured based on the dispersion of the empirical distributions obtained for the value of the average contribution rate on the participant's wages. The results obtained with the two models are compared graphically and by analysis of relevant statistics, and the differences between the results obtained interpreted considering the characteristics of the models used. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses of the results obtained, given variations of some of the parameters used, are made.
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Valença, Maria Cibele de Oliveira Ramos. "Migração entre planos de benefícios: alteração da proteção previdenciária privada." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6114.
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Previous issue date: 2013-05-06<br>The focus of this study is to analyze the migration process between benefit plans managed by the closed private pension and verify the possibility of maintaining the standard of living of its participants and, consequently, for their welfare after the completion of migration.
The private pension scheme is voluntary and based on reserve to ensure the benefit hired, being characterized by the intention to supplement the benefits provided by the statutory system, ensuring the maintenance of the participants standard life when they retire and stop perform paid activities.
This paper consists of five parts. The first part deals with the Social Security System and its purposes. The second part assesses the main features inherent to a private pension scheme, including submission to the principles of the Social Security System and the analysis of the subjects that operationalize within the closed pension. The third part deals with the legal nature of the closed private pension, important to complete this work behold directs the purpose of the private system. The fourth section analyzes the legal technicalities of financial schemes used by closed private pension funds in the creation and management of benefit plans that aim to ensure future comfort to its participants. Finally, the fifth part, are considered the legal aspects of benefit plans, as well as the ownership of their respective assets and other aspects that must be considered in a migration process between benefit plans devised by sponsors.
The research is important because it will allow conclusions about the relevance of this change specifically in relation to social security protection of participants who originally joined the benefits plan other than the one that will pay benefits in the future<br>O foco deste estudo é analisar o processo de migração entre planos de benefícios geridos por entidades fechadas de previdência privada e verificar a possibilidade de manutenção do padrão de vida dos seus participantes e, consequentemente, do seu bem-estar social após a concretização da migração.
O regime de previdência privada é facultativo e baseado na constituição de reservas que garantam o benefício contratado, sendo caracterizado pelo propósito de complementar os benefícios oferecidos pelo regime oficial, garantindo a manutenção do padrão de vida dos participantes no momento em que se aposentam e deixam de exercer atividades remuneradas.
O presente trabalho é composto por cinco partes. A primeira parte versa sobre o Sistema de Seguridade Social e suas finalidades. A segunda parte avalia as principais características inerentes ao regime de previdência privada, incluindo a submissão aos princípios do Sistema de Seguridade Social e a análise dos sujeitos que a operacionalizam no âmbito da previdência fechada. A terceira parte trata da natureza jurídica das entidades fechadas de previdência privada, aspecto importante para a conclusão deste trabalho, uma vez que direcionará a finalidade do regime privado. A quarta parte analisa os aspectos técnicos jurídicos dos regimes financeiros utilizados pelas entidades de previdência privada fechada na criação e gestão dos planos de benefícios que almejam garantir conforto futuro aos seus participantes. Por fim, na quinta parte são considerados os aspectos jurídicos dos planos de benefícios, bem como a titularidade de seus respectivos patrimônios e os demais aspectos que devem ser considerados em um processo de migração entre planos de benefícios idealizados pelos patrocinadores.
A investigação é relevante pois permitirá concluir a respeito da pertinência dessa alteração especificamente em relação à proteção previdenciária dos participantes que originalmente aderiram a um plano de benefícios distinto daquele que pagará seus benefícios no futuro
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Aguiar, Emílio Júnior Ribeiro. "Early retirement reductions covered by a DC pension plan : case study analysis for Portugal." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/21065.
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Mestrado em Actuarial Science<br>Em Portugal, o envelhecimento da população desafia a sustentabilidade financeira do sistema de Segurança Social. Ao longo dos anos, muitas emendas legislativas foram introduzidas no sistema de Previdência Social com o objetivo de torná-lo auto-sustentável, todavia existe uma dificuldade para entregá-lo sem restringir os benefícios de aposentadoria devido a evolução demográfica. Inevitavelmente, isso leva a impactos negativos nas pensões de aposentadoria por idade. As administrações anteriores combinaram essas reformas com medidas que reforçam o estabelecimento de esquemas privados de fundos de pensões, dando-lhe um papel mais preponderante, de forma a diversificar as fontes de renda de aposentadoria.
No contexto de aumento da responsabilidade individual pela adequação da renda de aposentadoria. Esta dissertação analisa a pensão de velhice com especial enfoque nas reformas antecipadas, dada a forte penalização que existe. Além disso, verifica-se a possibilidade de um plano de contribuição definida para mitigar totalmente essas reduções. Portanto, são descritos os dois sistemas, o público e o complementar.<br>In Portugal, population ageing is challenging the financial sustainability of the Social Security system. Throughout the years many legislative amendments have been introduced in the Social Security system, with the goal to make it self-sustainable, but it is struggling to deliver it without restricting old-age benefits due to the increase of the elderly population. Inevitably, this leads to negative impacts in the old-age retirement pensions. Past administrations have combined these reforms with measures to reinforce the establishment of the funded private pension sector, giving it a more prominent role, so as to diversify the sources of retirement income.
In the context of increasing the individual responsibility for the adequacy of retirement income. This paper analyses the old-age benefits with special focus in the early retirement option, given the heavy penalties inherent to this option. Also, examines the possibility of fund a DC pension plan to fully mitigate those penalties.<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Cole, Cassandra Renee. "An empirical analysis of motives for termination of defined benefit pension plans." 2002. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/cole%5Fcassandra%5Fr%5F200205%5Fphd.
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"Defined benefit versus defined contribution pension plans: how they compare for different working histories." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25274/25274.pdf.
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Chang, Chiyi, and 張琦一. "Rethinking the asset allocation and liability management of defined benefit public pension plans in Taiwan." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69261014731312403444.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>財務金融研究所<br>101<br>Recent challenges to the financial status and the benefit design of public pension plan both suggest that the current funding policy and pension scheme may have revision within upcoming years. In addition to the trend of demographic such as aging of the population, the insufficient contribution to the fund, and the high replacement rate of benefit design, the investment performance and the liability management also play a very important role in the viability of public pension system.
This study analyzes the factors that resulted in current financial difficulties of Public Service Pension Funds (PSPF) and discusses appropriate asset allocation strategy of public pension fund from both financial economic perspectives and current practice in Taiwan, aiming at providing suggestion to better manage asset and liability and reduce the risks of public service pension fund.
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Padayachee, Visvanathan. "A content analysis of defined benefit plans in the financial statements of South African listed companies." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11128.
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M.Com. (International Accounting)<br>Post-employment benefits under IAS 19 include defined benefit plans (DBP’s) and defined contribution plans. The accounting for defined contribution plans is fairly straightforward, since accrual accounting is applied and the employer entity’s legal or constructive obligation is limited to the amount the employer entity agrees to contribute to the defined contribution plan. In contrast, the accounting for DBP’s is complicated and provides a promise/guarantee of future benefits and the investment and actuarial risk of the plan lies with the employer entity. The literature review indicated that accounting and presentation of DBP’s is complicated because of the long-term nature of the liability/asset that is raised for the plan. There are many uncertainties involved in estimating the liability as this involves looking into the future and making estimates and assumptions about the future. The literature also indicated factors such as the market performance of assets, and inaccurate or unrealistic assumptions and decisions that delay making payments to DBP’s affects the funding status. Actuaries and accountants differ somewhat in the roles they play in determining the amount for DBP’s, with accountants choosing the accrued benefit method. The problem with DBP’s is that they are of a long-term nature and require estimates and assumptions to be made in calculating the DBP liability/asset. The long-term nature affects the adequacy of the liability/asset recognised for DBP’s and the related disclosure in the financial statements of large listed companies. The objective of the minor dissertation is to perform a content analysis on the presentation and disclosure of DBPs in the financial statements of a sample of Johannesburg Stock Exchange listed companies in South Africa. The research approach applied includes a broad assessment of the current status of DBP’s and defined contribution plans operated by the top 40 Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) listed companies, followed by a quantitative and qualitative assessment on the disclosures provided by these companies’ financial statements.
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Kuo, Yu-Hsuan, and 郭又瑄. "Indicators for Evaluation of Define Benefit Pension Plan in Taiwan." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/k7767v.
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碩士<br>國立政治大學<br>統計學系<br>107<br>There is a variety of pension plans in Taiwan, and each has it’s own history and structure. It’s difficult for us to evaluate and compare each of them without a same benchmark. Furthermore, actuarial report tends to put emphasis on the sustainability of a pension plan, which makes the actuarial report focus on single orientation. In 2004, Miki Arimori suggested five criteria for evaluation of pension plans. Based on the five criteria, we do a little modification and establish the indicators for evaluation of domestic defined benefit pension plan in Taiwan. The above five criteria are : sustainability, financial security for the elderly, generation fairness, occupational and personal equity, and economic. All the information needed for the indicators is available and easy to obtain to make sure all the indicators are verifiable for general public.
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Van, Schalkwyk Cornelis Hendrik. "Member choice in a defined contribution pension plan : decision-making factors." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8332.
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Ph.D. (Finance)<br>The majority of private pension plans offered by employers are defined contribution plans where the risk is borne by the member. In a member-directed pension plan, the individual members need to make decisions regarding the investment of their contributions. The board of trustees usually provide them with a number of options to choose from. This research answers the question: which factors influence the investment decisions of members of member-directed defined contribution pension plans? The study makes a unique contribution to the field of retirement finance by determining the impact of financial risk tolerance, demographics, behavioural factors, and pension plan design and presentation factors on the investment decisions of members of a member-directed defined contribution pension plan. The results of the study inform a number of role players in the pension value chain to ultimately aid the pension plan member to effect a more optimal investment choice. A survey approach was followed to collect primary data to analyse together with secondary data within a quantitative research paradigm. A census was conducted on individuals who were members of the member-directed defined contribution pension plan of a South African higher education institution on 31 March 2008. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on members’ demographics, financial risk tolerance, behavioural factors, and pension plan design and presentation factors. Secondary data consisted of additional demographic factors, which were available on the employers’ information system and data on member investment decisions obtained from the administrators of the pension plan. Of the 879 survey instruments distributed, 620 were returned at least partially completed and could be used in the study.
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LUNG, WU PENG, and 吳朋龍. "The Relationships among Individual Retirement Pension Plan, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment---A Comparison between Defined Benefit Plan and Defined Contribution Plan." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58655245392473682090.
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碩士<br>明道管理學院<br>管理研究所<br>94<br>The current Retirement Pension System was registered in Labor fundamental Law operated from 1984 until now . The Labor Retirement Pension System is out of function and most employee can’t receive their retirement pension just because the Defined Contribution (DC) are unable to work effectively, most of the enterprises are attained less than 15 years so that can’t offer the retirement pension for their employee. Therefore, the executive of labor administration plans to restructure a new labor retirement pension system which is individual portable retirement pension system to guarantee the profit by the senior labors who are retired. The Labor Retirement Pension Law was legislated formally by members of the Legislation Assembly in June, 2004 and was played on 1 July, 2005. The Defined Contribution (DC) has the continuity of seniority, explicit of employer’s cost. The Defined Contribution (DC) and The Defined Benefit(DB) coexists to guarantee the labor’s retired life. The labor can choose The Defined Contribution (DC) or The Defined Benefit(DB) by theirself. For the labor, if a retirement pension of fixed ratio is 6%, yearly wage adjustment ratio is 3%, limited working age is 25 years, yearly interest rate is 9.271%, The Defined Contribution (DC) Labor Fundamental Law is worse than The Defined Benefit(DB); otherwise, The Defined Benefit(DB) Labor Fundamental Law is better than The Defined Contribution (DC). Although The Defined Contribution (DC) guarantees the right of the labor, it also make a lot of problems and critical issues, including the increase of the enyerprise’s operation cost, decrease of average labor wage, increase of the unemployment rate, increase of labor liquid ratio, descend of labor’s loyal to enterprise…etc.
A major purpose of this study is to study the relationship between the job satisfaction and organization commitment, the retirement pension system is the interference variable. The research use questionnaire to employees in “A enterprises”, sent 300 copies questionnaires, received effective 220 ones, and descriptive, factor, reliability, correlation and hierarchical regression Analysis. The results are as following: To Organization Commitment and Job Satisfaction, there are significantly difference between the employee who chose The Defined Contribution (DC) Labor Fundamental Law and The Defined Benefit (DB). But the different Retirement Pension System don’t have interfere effect with Job Satisfaction and Organization Commitment.
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Lee, Ling-Chu, and 李翎竹. "The Selection of Rate of Return Guarantee and the Choice between Defined Contribution and Defined Benefit for Labor Pension Plan in Taiwan." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19057956821643377301.
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博士<br>國立政治大學<br>財務管理研究所<br>95<br>The Labor Retirement Pension Act enacted in 2005 introduced defined contribution (DC) pension plan for substituting the traditional defined benefit (DB) pension plan. In the defined contribution pension plan, the investment risk is transferred to the participants. However, the design of rate of return guarantee makes the investment risk less severe for participants. In the first essay, we find that the asset allocation and foreign investment have large impact on the guarantee cost: the high risky investment may result in large potential liability of the government in the future if participants have the investment portfolio choice. This study develops a framework to analyze design of rate of return guarantee from the financial engineering and user paid principle view. We find that the cap of investment return guarantee not only increases the expected utility of risk aversion, loss aversion and regret aversion, but also decreases the contribution cost to participant associated with managing the downside risk.
Around the world, the defined contribution (DC) plans have been the primary trend of pension reform in the both public and private sector. In an attempt to decrease the investment risk associated with DC plan, the public employees are provided with an option to buy back DB plan in the Florida State of U.S.A. In the second essay, we find that the higher level of risk aversion is, the higher probability to buy back DB plan is. During the employee’s early years of service and as the employees near retirement, the probability to exercise the option is the highest. The probability to exercise the option is decreasing with the years of service being increasing; the option also increase the pension replacement rate as well as decrease the downside risk of pension. The probability to exercise the option is lower, when the option to buy back the DB plan is prohibited during the employee’s early years of service.
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Andrews, Douglas. "A Review And Analysis Of The Sustainability And Equity Of Social Security Adjustment Mechanisms." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/4102.
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This thesis examines stabilizing mechanisms in social security retirement systems (“SSRS”), especially those purporting to be automatic balancing mechanisms (“ABM”). It develops a consistent approach to identifying whether an ABM is robust, partial or transitory and establishes a terminology to classify balancing mechanisms. Both financial and equitable balances are considered in assessing whether an ABM achieves balance. Families of definitions of equity are presented and a benchmark by which to measure equitable balance is defined and applied. The balancing mechanisms of Canada, Germany, Japan and Sweden are described, evaluated and classified. None of these mechanisms are found to be robust.
This thesis provides a critical analysis of an approach referred to as integration to financial markets and the approach is found to be deficient. In analyzing the Swedish SSRS a critical error in the way assets are calculated is identified and a suitable correction is proposed. A further weakness in the application of the Swedish ABM is identified that means that once an imbalance occurs, balance is unlikely to be restored. The thesis also discusses some of the unusual characteristics of the steady-state contribution rate calculation for the Canadian SSRS and shows that although it has limited application and does not appear to depend on any actuarial principle, the steady-state contribution rate calculation creates a tension between the near and distant future, which is a factor in achieving financial balance over a seventy-five year horizon. With respect to the balancing mechanism in the Canadian SSRS, the thesis proposes a change in how the mechanism is defined so that the mechanism would be robust, within certain ranges.