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Academic literature on the topic 'Definite Article'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Definite Article"

1

Rastall, Paul. "Definite article or no definite article?" English Today 11, no. 2 (April 1995): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078400008257.

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Jenks, Peter. "Articulated Definiteness without Articles." Linguistic Inquiry 49, no. 3 (July 2018): 501–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling_a_00280.

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While it lacks a definite article, Mandarin makes a principled distinction between unique and anaphoric definites: unique definites are realized with a bare noun, and anaphoric definites are realized with a demonstrative, except in subject position. The following proposals account for these facts: (a) bare nouns achieve definite interpretations via a last-resort type-shifting operator ι, which has a unique definite meaning; (b) demonstratives can occur as anaphoric definites because they have a semantic argument beyond their nominal restriction that can be filled by an index; and (c) bare nominal subjects are topics. A principle called Index! requires that indexical expressions be used whenever possible. Mandarin is contrasted with Cantonese, which, like English, is shown to have access to an ambiguous definite article.

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Swan, Michael. "The definite article." New Scientist 212, no. 2834 (October 2011): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(11)62528-1.

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Paliga, Sorin. "Romanian definite article revisited." Linguistica 39, no. 1 (December 1, 1999): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.39.1.71-82.

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I shall attempt to resume a long, almost endless discussion: the origin of the Romanian definite article. Any grammar of Romanian or any comparative grammar the Romance languages (e. g. Tagliavini 1977) always observes that Romanian, an iso lated case in the Romance family, has an agglutinated definite article. The typology is not indeed rare: Bulgarian, Albanian, Armenian, Basque and Swedish witness the same mechanism. We cannot approach the topic by analysing all these languages, yet a comparative analysis would be finally useful. In our case, it is obvious that Romanian cannot be isolated from Albanian and Bulgarian. A potential solution must explain the situation in ALL these three "Balkanic" languages, even if Romanian is not Balkanic stricto sensu1. The paper shall focus on the deep roots of the Romanian and Albanian definite arti cle, its typological relations with other linguistic areas, and shall attempt to explain this isolated situation in the field of Romance linguistics. For sure, the Romanian definite article mainly reflects the Latin heritage. Nevertheless, by saying only this, the tableau is not complete: some forms are not Latin but Pre-Latin, Thracian. This paper will try to substantiate this assertion.

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Espinal, M. Teresa, and Sonia Cyrino. "The definite article in Romance expletives and long weak definites." Glossa: a journal of general linguistics 2, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.160.

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Percus, Orin. "A Somewhat More Definite Article." Semantics and Linguistic Theory 8 (October 6, 1998): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v8i0.2815.

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Appleyard, D. L. "A definite article in Xamtanga." African Languages and Cultures 1, no. 1 (January 1988): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09544168808717677.

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Payne, D., K. Abbasi, F. Godlee, and T. Delamothe. "The BMJ, the definite article." BMJ 348, jun30 2 (June 30, 2014): g4168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g4168.

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Velickovic, Marta. "Specificity, definiteness, and l2 article production in the l1 serbian /l2 english linguistic environment." Forum 1, no. 1-2 (December 2019): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/forum19.153v.

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Since little research exists on English L2 article production in the Serbian linguistic environment, the goal of this descriptive study was to identify anytrends in L2 article production,as they pertain to definiteness and specificity (following Ionin et al., 2004). In order to measure this production, four contexts were defined based on the following two semantic features: [±specific] and [±definite]. Considering that Serbian is a language with no article system, and a language that codes specificity (Trenkic 2002, 2004), unlikeEnglish which codes definiteness, combinations of these features should indicate particular contexts that may not only identify any possible patterns in the L2 article production of this segment of the population, but also prove useful as a foundation for further research, and the study of the effects that information of this kind could have on L2 instruction. Based on the findings of previous research, most article substitution and article omission errors are expected in the [+definite, ‐specific] and [‐definite, +specific] contexts. The current results indicated that the sample of participants has a strong tendency of overusing the definite article with indefinites, and to a lesser extent the indefinite article with definites. Furthermore, some unexpected fluctuations were noted in the [+definite +specific] and [‐ definite ‐specific] contexts, indicating that the participants have not yet consistently adopted either the category definiteness or specificity.

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Min, Sujung. "Definite Article Usage in Asian Context." Journal of Modern British and American Language and Literature 32, no. 3 (August 31, 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21084/jmball.2014.08.32.3.1.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Definite Article"

1

Shannon, John Francis. "Variability and the interlanguage production of the English definite article /." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487928649988355.

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Jones, Mark Jonathon. "The phonetics and phonology of definite article reduction in northern English dialects." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.615045.

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Contreras, Courtney. "The Usage of Clitic Pronouns and the Influence of the Definite Article in Spanish among Spanish-Quechua Bilinguals in Peru." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849650/.

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This study focuses on the clitic pronoun usage by Spanish-Quechua bilingual speakers in Cuzco, Peru when faced with a question that includes a definite article preceding the direct object. Answers are analyzed to determine whether or not the definite article has an effect on the presence or absence of the clitic pronoun. Direct objects tested were both [+human] and [-human] objects to determine if these variables affect clitic pronoun use as well. Speakers who have identified themselves as bilingual in both Spanish and Quechua were given a survey to complete in order to see what factors may contribute to the use or omission of the clitic pronouns.

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Mak, Lawrence. "The use and the omission of the Greek definite article with p̲n̲e̲u̲m̲a̲ h̲a̲g̲i̲o̲n̲." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1986. http://www.tren.com.

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Juvonen, Päivi. "Grammaticalizing the definite article : a study of adnominal determiners in a genre of spoken Finnish /." Stockholm : Stockholm university, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb389079575.

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Spraunienė, Birutė. "The Marking of Definiteness in Lithuanian. Against the Background of Danish and other Article Languages." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110519_082052-38010.

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The dissertation investigates definiteness marking in two typologically diverse languages — Lithuanian which is an articleless language and has a partially grammaticalized marking of definiteness and Danish which has a fully developed system of definiteness markers. The aim of the thesis is to compare Lithuanian definiteness markers — definite adjectival forms and emergent articles — to definiteness markers of article languages (Danish, English, etc.). The following methods of analysis were applied in the dissertation: contrastive analysis, L. Hjelmslev’s commutation test and semantic map method. Besides the contrastive perspective, the dissertation also has a typological perspective with the aim of determining the universal usage types of definiteness markers and considering definiteness marking in Lithuanian and Danish in a typological context. The Semantic Map of Lithuanian Definite Adjectivals and the Semantic Map of Definiteness Markers in Danish, which were drawn in the thesis, help to highlight the similarities and differences of definiteness marking in Lithuanian and Danish. In the dissertation, it is argued that the pronominal morpheme –jis, –ji contained in the definite adjectival form can be regarded as a formal marker of definiteness in Lithuanian since in all cases this morpheme marks the definiteness of a noun phrase, whether it is definiteness on the level of individual reference or definiteness on the level of type (taxonomic) reference. The demonstrative tas... [to full text]
Disertacijoje tyrinėjama apibrėžtumo raiška dviejose tipologiniu požiūriu skirtingose kalbose — lietuvių kalboje, kuri yra neartikelinė ir turi mažai sugramatintą apibrėžtumo raišką, ir danų kalboje, turinčioje išplėtotą apibrėžtumo rodiklių sistemą. Disertacijos tikslas yra palyginti lietuvių kalbos apibrėžtumo rodiklius — apibrėžiamuosius būdvardžius ir gramatėjančius demonstratyvus (artroidus) — su artikelinių kalbų (danų, anglų ir kt.) apibrėžtumo rodikliais. Disertacijoje naudojamasi kontrastyvinės analizės metodu, Hjelmslevo komutacijos testu ir semantinio žemėlapio metodu. Šalia kontrastyvinės pasirinkta ir tipologinė perspektyva siekiant nustatyti universalius apibrėžtumo rodiklių vartosenos tipus, taip pat įvertinti lietuvių bei danų kalbų apibrėžtumo raišką tipologiniame kontekste. Sudaryti lietuvių kalbos apibrėžiamųjų būdvardžių ir danų kalbos apibrėžtumo rodiklių semantiniai žemėlapiai padeda išryškinti apibrėžtumo raiškos šiose kalbose panašumus bei skirtumus. Disertacijoje teigiama, kad įvardžiuotinės būdvardžio formos įvardinė morfema –jis, –ji lietuvių kalboje pagrįstai gali būti laikoma formaliu daiktavardinės frazės apibrėžtumo rodikliu, nes ši morfema visais atvejais žymi daiktavardinės frazės apibrėžtumą, kuris gali būti tiek individo referencijos, tiek tipo (taksonominės) referencijos lygmens. Besiformuojančiu apibrėžtumo rodikliu lietuvių kalboje gali būti laikomi gramatėjantys demonstratyvai (artroidai) tas, ta.

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Alenizi, Aied M. "The Acquisition of the Nongeneric Uses of the English Definite Article the by Arabic Speakers of English." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1069.

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This study aimed to investigate the acquisition of the four non-generic uses of the English definite article the by Arabic learners of English in Saudi Arabia. These non-generic uses included textual, situational, cultural and structural. This study had three goals: (1) to determine whether these uses are acquired in a certain sequence; (2) to explore which one of these uses is the most difficult and the easiest in learning; (3) to investigate whether one or two of the uses are overused. The instrument consisted of 59 sentences adopted from Liu and Gleason (2002). There were 40 instances for required uses and 20 sentences for obligatory nonuse (5 instances for each use). The subjects were instructed to insert the where they deemed it necessary. The participants were 45 male undergraduate English major students, whose ages ranged from 18 to 22 with a Mean age of 21.6, from a university in Saudi Arabia. They were divided into three groups (15 students each) based on their proficiency levels as follows; low intermediate, intermediate, and advanced. The results revealed developmental trends in the acquisition of the non-generic uses of the English definite article related to proficiency. Specifically, the advanced group showed significantly higher accuracy of use in all four functions. Regarding the four functions, the order of acquisition, based on level of accuracy was as follows: situational, cultural, structural and textual. The study results are discussed in view of their pedagogical implications for the teaching of the definite article to Saudi learners of English.

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Zhang, Zhiyin. "“I never thought about those rules in all my languages” : A comparative study of teaching the English articles in the multilingual classroom from a monolingual or a multilingual approach." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-157917.

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This study is conducted to compare the effect of practicing a multilingual approach to a monolingual approach in teaching the English article system for students with multilingual backgrounds. Through a structured experiment in light of sociolinguistic and second language acquisition theories, two different discourses (complexes of signs and practices that organize social existence and social reproduction) structuring different legitimate languages are implemented in each respective approach. In the multilingual approach, all languages in the participants’ language repertoire are legitimized and encouraged, while only Standard English is legitimized in the monolingual approach. Three groups of informants participated in the experiment. Two groups of young informants with low English proficiency, and one group of adult informants with intermediate English proficiency participated in the experiment. The majority of the participants have more than two languages in their language repertoires. The multilingual approach was adopted in one of the young groups and the adult group. The study shows that all informants improved in their use of the English article system, regardless of the different approaches. The informants with lower English proficiency level and with a strongest [-ART] language (language with no articles) improved 40.9% in the multilingual approach, which is almost twice as much as the improvement in the monolingual approach. However, the young informants in both groups tend to be confused about the use of the indefinite article a/an after the exercise. The improvements tend to remain in a longer period of time with the multilingual approach in both the adult group and the young group. In addition, the participants tend to show higher rates of concentration, positive emotional feelings and engagement during and after the multilingual approach. The results suggest that it is beneficial to deploy the multilingual approach, through intentional structuring of the legitimized languages in classroom.

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9

Dixon, Ian J. "A Study of Language Attitudes Concerning the De-Affication of /tʃ/, the Pronunciation of the /tɾ/ Consonant Cluster, and the Use of the Definite Article with Proper Names in Santiago, Chile." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2379.

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This thesis analyzes the linguistic attitudes of natives from Santiago, Chile regarding three linguistic phenomena present in Chilean Spanish of Santiago: the fricative realization of the Spanish /tʃ/, the assibilated realization of /tɾ/ and the use of the definite article before the first names of people. The social factors of age, sex and socioeconomic status are acknowledged as possible factors contributing to the linguistic attitudes of the 64 participants interviewed.

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Navarro, Michel Platiny Assis. "Restrição de domínio, distributividade e a expressão kar em um dialeto de língua Kaingang." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-13092012-095450/.

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Esta dissertação apresenta uma análise semântica, no paradigma da Semântica Formal, da (i) restrição de domínio no DP e da (ii) expressão kar, que veicula a ideia de totalidade, no dialeto paranaense da língua Kaingang, do tronco Macro-Jê, família Jê, falada nas regiões sul e sudeste do Brasil. Num primeiro momento, o artigo definido parece ter, no Kaingang Paranaense, uma distribuição não trivial: aplica-se primeiro a um determinante quantificacional e restringe, via essa combinação, o domínio do quantificador, tal como no Basco, Grego e Státimcets (Giannakidou 2003, Etxeberria 2005 e Etxeberria & Giannakidou 2009), línguas muito parecidas com o Kaingang no domínio nominal. Alguns dados, contudo, apontaram a análise em outra direção. Entendemos que certos padrões de comportamento semântico e sintático apresentado por kar nas sentenças, tal como sua neutralidade quanto à propriedade de distributividade e a possibilidade da conjunção de duas sequências de [NP+kar] sob um mesmo artigo definido (ao contrário do Basco, no qual a mesma estrutura é agramatical, sugerindo que os quantificadores universais em Basco criam um QP), são algumas das evidências que, no conjunto, dão suporte para a hipótese, defendida nesta dissertação, de que kar, no Kaingang Paranaense, parece ser um modificador - à la Lasersohn (1999) -, não tendo, por isso, uma força quantificacional própria. A função semântica de kar seria de controlar o quanto de desvio da verdade é pragmaticamente permissível. Como consequência desta análise, no Kaingang Paranaense o artigo definido não operaria sobre um determinante quantificacional, mas sim sobre um NP. O que aponta no sentido de que os artigos definidos ag/fag (os/as) no Kaingang Paranaense, em contextos em que eles co-ocorrem com kar, não perderiam a sua função max, i.e., de formadores de indivíduo a partir de um conjunto, para funcionar meramente como um operador preservador de tipo e restritor de domínio adjungido ao determinante quantificacional, como proposto por Giannakidou 2003, Etxeberria (2005) e Etxeberria & Giannakidou (2009) para o Basco e o Grego. Ag/fag continuariam sendo artigos definidos clássicos ocupando o núcleo de uma projeção DP e kar um modificador. Também discutimos brevemente algumas das vantagens e problemas de se tentar estender esta análise para o Basco, Grego e Státimcets. E, por último, investigamos o comportamento de kar na sentença, as possíveis leituras quando da sua interação com indefinidos, numerais, tipos de predicados e o operador distributivo introduzido via reduplicação verbal. Com base nos dados, nossa proposta é de que - em função de a leitura distributiva, na maioria dos exemplos, ser permitida pelos informantes somente quando houve reduplicação verbal - kar é neutro quanto à propriedade da distributividade e que o operador distributivo introduzido por reduplicação verbal tem escopo sobre todo o VP.
This dissertation presents, in the paradigm of formal semantics, a semantic analysis of both (i) the phenomenon of domain restriction in the DP and (ii) the expression kar, which conveys the idea of totality, in a dialect of the Kaingang language, a Brazilian language from the Macro-Jê Stock, Jê family, spoken in southern and southeastern Brazil. Although, at first, the definite article in Kaingang seems to have a non-trivial distribution: it applies first to a quantificational expression, and via such combination restricts the domain of quantifier, such as in Basque, Greek and Státimcets (Giannakidou 2003, Etxeberria 2005 and Etxeberria & Giannakidou 2009), some data pointed the analysis in another direction. Patterns of semantic and syntactic bevavior presented by kar in some sentences, such as its neutralite regarding the property of distributivity and the possibility of conjoining two [NP + kar] sequences under the same definite article (unlike Basque, which does not allow such structure, suggesting that in Basque the universal quantifier creats a QP), seem to be as a whole evidences for the hypothesis, advocated in this thesis, that the expression kar may be a modifier - à la Lasersohn (1999) - and as such would not have a quantificational force of its own. The semantic function of kar would be to control how much deviation from the truth conditions of the sentences is pragmatically allowed. As a result of this analysis, the definite articles ag/fag in Kaingang do not operate on a quantificational expression, as in Basque and Greek, but on the NP. Such fact suggests that the definite articles in Kaingang, in contexts they co-occur with kar, do not lose their max function in order to work merely as a type preserver and a domain restrictor combined with a quantificational expression, as proposed by Giannakidou 2003, Etxeberria (2005) e Etxeberria & Giannakidou (2009) for Basque and Greek. Ag/fag would still be a classical definite article occupying the head of a DP projection and kar a modifier, instead of a universal quantifier. We also discuss briefly some of the advantages and problems of trying to extend this analysis to the Basque, Greek and Státimcets languages. And lastly, we investigated the behavior of kar in the sentence, its interaction with indefinites, numerals, types of predicates and the distributive operator introduced via verbal reduplication. Based on such data, once distributive readings were permitted by the informants only via verbal reduplication, our proposal is that kar is neutral regarding the property of distributivity and that the distributive operator introduced via verbal reduplication has scope over the VP.

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Books on the topic "Definite Article"

1

Mayer, Gerald L. The definite article in contemporary standard Bulgarian. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1988.

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Szczepaniak, Renata, and Johanna Flick, eds. Walking on the Grammaticalization Path of the Definite Article. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/silv.23.

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Demonstratives in interaction: The emergence of a definite article in Finnish. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins Pub. Co., 1997.

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Badger, Richard George. The use of the definite article in newspaper law reports. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1998.

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Shorrocks, Graham. The definite article in the dialect of Farnworth and district (Greater Manchester county, formerly Lancashire). Louvain: Centre International de Dialectologie Générale, 1991.

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System collapse, system rebirth: The demonstrative pronouns of English, 900-1350 and the birth of the definite article. Oxford: Peter Lang, 2000.

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Reassessing the role of the syllable in Italian phonology: An experimental study of consonant cluster syllabification, definite article allomorphy and segment duration. New York: Routledge, 2007.

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Demonstratives and definite articles as nominal auxiliaries. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub. Company, 2008.

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Mayer, Gerald L. The Definitive Article in Comtemporary Standard Bulgarian. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1988.

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Situații de întrebuințare a substantivului articulat cu articol definit: Secolele al XVI-lea--al XIX-lea. Cluj-Napoca: Argonaut, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Definite Article"

1

Wallwork, Adrian. "Definite article: the." In English for Research: Grammar, Usage and Style, 25–27. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1593-0_4.

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Epstein, Richard. "The definite article." In Historical Linguistics 1991, 111. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.107.10eps.

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Wallwork, Adrian. "DEFINITE ARTICLE (THE), INDEFINITE ARTICLE (A, AN), ONE." In User Guides, Manuals, and Technical Writing, 133–37. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1813-3_26.

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Wallwork, Adrian. "Indefinite article (a / an), definite article (the), and zero article (Ø)." In English for Academic Research: Grammar Exercises, 9–17. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4289-9_3.

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Boretzky, Norbert. "The definite article in Romani dialects." In Grammatical Relations in Romani, 31. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.211.05bor.

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Rákosi, György. "With or without the definite article." In Approaches to Hungarian, 116–36. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/atoh.16.06rak.

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Stoykova, Velislava. "Bulgarian Noun - Definite Article in DATR." In Artificial Intelligence: Methodology, Systems, and Applications, 152–61. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46148-5_16.

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Schlachter, Eva. "A complex grammaticalization scenario for the definite article." In Studies in Language Variation, 18–41. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/silv.23.01sch.

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Demske, Ulrike. "The grammaticalization of the definite article in German." In Studies in Language Variation, 44–73. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/silv.23.02dem.

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Crisma, Paola. "The emergence of the definite article in English." In Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today, 175–92. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/la.171.13cri.

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Conference papers on the topic "Definite Article"

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Popova, V. B. "Article types in saying-proverbial paremias (on the material of the German language)." In General question of world science. Наука России, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/gq-31-03-2021-59.

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The purpose of the study is to show how the functional potential of article types – definite, indefinite, zero types – is manifested in paremias. Scientific novelty: the variability of special features determines the type of the article used, the role of the metaphor and semantics of paremia as a complex of non-variable typified features is emphasized. As a result, it has been proved that in paremias the indefinite article forms nouns with the meaning of polyvariability of individual features, the definite article – with the meaning of monovariability, the zero article – with the meaning of an invariant.

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Sereda, Tatiana Yurievna, and Dariya Andreevna Platonova. "Scrum in education." In Сollection of articles. Publishing house Sreda, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-21695.

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The article shows the use of Scrum technology in the classroom in a secondary school using a workbook. The Scrum method is considered worldwide as a revolutionary method of managing a team. Originated in marketing, this method is now actively used in major companies and in educational institutions, and in personal life. Unlike the old «phased» approach, Scrum allows you to achieve your goals with less effort and cost in a shorter time and the final product is of high quality. The students set a goal to master the topic being studied with definite results and start moving towards it, breaking the path into sprints.

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Ahmadi Shirazi, Masoumeh. "Beyond shadow of doubt: Proficiency and use of non-generic use of English definite article by L1-Persian EFL learners." In ‏Global Conference on Education and Teaching. GLOBALKS, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/globalet.2021.06.522.

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Budzisch, Josefina. "Definitheit im Selkupischen." In N/A. Szeged: University of Szeged, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/sua.2021.55.

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The dissertation at hand deals with definiteness in Selkup. It is investigated how in Selkup – taking the three dialect groups North, Central and South Selkup into account – semantic-pragmatic definiteness is expressed, since the language lacks an explicit grammatical marker (like a definite article) for the expression of definiteness. The analysis is carried out on the basis of existing research literature, elicit data and a corpus, which is composed of 248 texts with 12,828 sentences and 77,443 tokens.In its entirety, Selkup thus shows that demonstratives, possessive associations and the non-possessive use of the possessive suffix of the third person singular are the most important strategies for marking definiteness. All types of references, however, contain large numbers of unmarked noun phrases, showing that context is often the decisive factor in deciding whether a noun phrase is to be interpreted as definite or indefinite.

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Ковальчук, А. В., and В. А. Дикарев. "The tile stamp with a legend ΙΔΙΩΤΙΚΗ. Towards to the types of Royal property at the Bosporus." In Древности Боспора. Crossref, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.2018.978-5-94375-250-6.109-114.

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The article examines a stamp on a tile of Bosporus, which was found in 1955 at Phanagoria. The stamp with a legend «ΙΔΙΩΤΙΚΗ» comes from the pavement № 359 at the exavation «North Town». Comcomitant material from the exavation complex allows to define this stamp not earlier than IΙΙ century B. C. The same date is confirmed by the paleographic particularity of the stamp. The comparison of this stamp with other tiles of Bosporus indicates its proximity to the stamps with legend ΒΑΣΙΛΙΚΗ (IosPE III № 1370–1637) and allows us to conclude that they were manufactured by the same stamp-graver. Literature analysis leads us to conclusion that the adjectives βασιλική and ’ιδιωτική written on the stamps define different types of Royal property at the Bosporus. The tiles were produced for the government order and in case of ΙΔΙΩΤΙΚΗ legend (due to small number of stamps) was made obviously for a definite building

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Сабитова, Л. Р. "THE PROBLEM OF BRITISH INDIAN POSSESSIONS’ SECURITY AT THE TURN OF THE XVIII–XIXth CENTURIES." In Конференция памяти профессора С.Б. Семёнова ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ЗАРУБЕЖНОЙ ИСТОРИИ. Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55000/mcu.2021.86.97.014.

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В статье предпринята попытка осмысления британской политики по обеспечению безопас-ности владений в Индии в период вторжения Наполеона Бонапарта в османские Египет и Сирию. Обозначены исторические истоки «индийской тревоги», проанализированы позиции основных от-ветственных структур (министерства иностранных дел, Контрольного совета по делам Индии, ме-стной администрации) и выявлены противоречия между ними, определившие отсутствие четкой стратегии. The article attempts to explain British policy of providing Indian possessions’ security during the period of Napoleon Bonaparte’s invasion in Ottoman Egypt and Syria. The historical sources of “Indian anxiety” are defined. The positions of the main responsible structures (Foreign Office, Board of Control for India, local administration) are analyzed and contradictions between them, which led to the absence of definite strategy, are eliminated.

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Baskakova, Anna. "The studying of Russian phraseological units and paroemias in English speaking audience." In 6th International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences. Center for Open Access in Science, Belgrade, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.e-conf.06.13153b.

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A working mechanism during the comparative analysis of phraseological units and paroemias (proverbs and aphorisms) at the classes of Russian as foreign language with English speaking learners is presented in the article. While working in the audience, the attention is being paid to the comparative analysis of phraseological units and paroemias in Russian and foreign students’ native language from a semantical point of view. Such concepts and ideas as family, homeland, work / service / profession, studying, friendship, human flaws and virtues, represented in the proverbs and paroemias, are being analyzed. The similarities and differences in semantic field of phraseological units and paroemias of different cultures’ speakers are found. A parallel attitude to the main categories as family, home and friendship among Russian and English speakers is shown up. During a comparative analysis, it is being observed that in definite cases similar meanings can be expressed by different lexis typical for the concrete nation. Studying of this topic promotes the dialogue of cultures.

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Baskakova, Anna. "The studying of Russian phraseological units and paroemias in English speaking audience." In 6th International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences. Center for Open Access in Science, Belgrade, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.e-conf.06.13153b.

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A working mechanism during the comparative analysis of phraseological units and paroemias (proverbs and aphorisms) at the classes of Russian as foreign language with English speaking learners is presented in the article. While working in the audience, the attention is being paid to the comparative analysis of phraseological units and paroemias in Russian and foreign students’ native language from a semantical point of view. Such concepts and ideas as family, homeland, work / service / profession, studying, friendship, human flaws and virtues, represented in the proverbs and paroemias, are being analyzed. The similarities and differences in semantic field of phraseological units and paroemias of different cultures’ speakers are found. A parallel attitude to the main categories as family, home and friendship among Russian and English speakers is shown up. During a comparative analysis, it is being observed that in definite cases similar meanings can be expressed by different lexis typical for the concrete nation. Studying of this topic promotes the dialogue of cultures.

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Ho Ba, Huy. "Definice terorismu." In Nestandardní bezpečnostní situace: ústavní, mezinárodní a evropský pohled. Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24132/zcu.2021.09228.74-88.

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This article focuses on the definition of terorism, which cross multiple disciplines. Till today, international organizations, such as the United Nations or the European Union have not agreed on its definition. The article discuss es difficulties in this activity, evolution of terrorism itself, methods of commiting it, multiple attemps of definition and suggests possible problems that may arise due to the lack of definition. It also examins on the regulation in the Criminal Code of Czech Republic

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VAN TRIJP, REMI. "FITNESS LANDSCAPES IN CULTURAL LANGUAGE EVOLUTION: A CASE STUDY ON GERMAN DEFINITE ARTICLES." In EVOLANG 10. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814603638_0044.

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Reports on the topic "Definite Article"

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Macnab, R. Canada and Article 76 of the Law of the Sea: defining the limits of Canadian resource jurisdiction beyond 200 nautical miles in the Arctic and Atlantic oceans. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/205214.

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Macnab, R. Canada and Article 76 of the Law of the Sea: defining the limits of Canadian resource jurisdiction beyond 200 nautical miles in the Atlantic and Arctic oceans. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/205761.

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Lylo, Taras. THE IDEOLOGEME «DICTATORSHIP OF RELATIVISM» IN THE ROBERTO DE MATTEI’S ESSAYS: POSTMODERN AND POST-COMMUNIST CONTEXTS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11100.

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The article considers relativism as a philosophical principle and the moral standpoint of a journalist. In particular, the main argumentation of Roberto de Mattei’s work «Dictatorship of Relativism» is analyzed. Like Ratzinger, the Italian publicist describes modern life as ruled by a dictatorship of relativism which does not recognize anything as definitive and whose ultimate goal consists solely of satisfying «the desires of one’s own ego». In his view, the boundaries of the main conflict of modernity lie between two visions of the world: one that believes in the existence of immutable, absolute values, and one that argues that there is nothing stable, that everything is conditional, time-dependent and can be discussed in the media. The markers of this conflict are our attitude to the famous statement of Protagoras about «man as a measure of all things: of the things that are, that they are, of the things that are not, that they are not», as well as to the non-debatable values, the status of natural and positive law, the worldview neutrality, the dehierarchization and multiplicity of truths, the equalization of all worldviews and axiological standpoint in foreign and Ukrainian media. A special attention in the article is paid to the ideological program of media-relativism, as well as to the postmodern and post-communist contexts of the issue of the penetration of relativism into the journalistic values.

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Klement, Eyal, Elizabeth Howerth, William C. Wilson, David Stallknecht, Danny Mead, Hagai Yadin, Itamar Lensky, and Nadav Galon. Exploration of the Epidemiology of a Newly Emerging Cattle-Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus in Israel. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7697118.bard.

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In September 2006 an outbreak of 'Bluetongue like' disease struck the cattle herds in Israel. Over 100 dairy and beef cattle herds were affected. Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) (an Orbivirusclosely related to bluetongue virus (BTV)), was isolated from samples collected from several herds during the outbreaks. Following are the aims of the study and summary of the results: which up until now were published in 6 articles in peer-reviewed journals. Three more articles are still under preparation: 1. To identify the origin of the virus: The virus identified was fully sequenced and compared with the sequences available in the GenBank. It appeared that while gene segment L2 was clustered with EHDV-7 isolated in Australia, most of the other segments were clustered with EHDV-6 isolates from South-Africa and Bahrain. This may suggest that the strain which affected Israel on 2006 may have been related to similar outbreaks which occurred in north-Africa at the same year and could also be a result of reassortment with an Australian strain (Wilson et al. article in preparation). Analysis of the serological results from Israel demonstrated that cows and calves were similarly positive as opposed to BTV for which seropositivity in cows was significantly higher than in calves. This finding also supports the hypothesis that the 2006 EHD outbreak in Israel was an incursive event and the virus was not present in Israel before this outbreak (Kedmi et al. Veterinary Journal, 2011) 2. To identify the vectors of this virus: In the US, Culicoides sonorensis was found as an efficient vector of EHDV as the virus was transmitted by midges fed on infected white tailed deer (WTD; Odocoileusvirginianus) to susceptible WTD (Ruder et al. Parasites and Vectors, 2012). We also examined the effect of temperature on replication of EHDV-7 in C. sonorensis and demonstrated that the time to detection of potentially competent midges decreased with increasing temperature (Ruder et al. in preparation). Although multiple attempts were made, we failed to evaluate wild-caught Culicoidesinsignisas a potential vector for EHDV-7; however, our finding that C. sonorensis is a competent vector is far more significant because this species is widespread in the U.S. As for Israeli Culicoides spp. the main species caught near farms affected during the outbreaks were C. imicolaand C. oxystoma. The vector competence studies performed in Israel were in a smaller scale than in the US due to lack of a laboratory colony of these species and due to lack of facilities to infect animals with vector borne diseases. However, we found both species to be susceptible for infection by EHDV. For C. oxystoma, 1/3 of the Culicoidesinfected were positive 11 days post feeding. 3. To identify the host and environmental factors influencing the level of exposure to EHDV, its spread and its associated morbidity: Analysis of the cattle morbidity in Israel showed that the disease resulted in an average loss of over 200 kg milk per cow in herds affected during September 2006 and 1.42% excess mortality in heavily infected herds (Kedmi et al. Journal of Dairy Science, 2010). Outbreak investigation showed that winds played a significant role in virus spread during the 2006 outbreak (Kedmi et al. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2010). Further studies showed that both sheep (Kedmi et al. Veterinary Microbiology, 2011) and wild ruminants did not play a significant role in virus spread in Israel (Kedmi et al. article in preparation). Clinical studies in WTD showed that this species is highly susceptibile to EHDV-7 infection and disease (Ruder et al. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 2012). Experimental infection of Holstein cattle (cows and calves) yielded subclinical viremia (Ruder et al. in preparation). The findings of this study, which resulted in 6 articles, published in peer reviewed journals and 4 more articles which are in preparation, contributed to the dairy industry in Israel by defining the main factors associated with disease spread and assessment of disease impact. In the US, we demonstrated that sufficient conditions exist for potential virus establishment if EHDV-7 were introduced. The significant knowledge gained through this study will enable better decision making regarding prevention and control measures for EHDV and similar viruses, such as BTV.

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Webair, Hana Hasan, Tengku Alina Tengku Ismail, and Shaiful Bahari Ismail. Health seeking behaviour among patients suffering from infertility in the Arab countries; a scoping review protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.3.0034.

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Review question / Objective: To identify how much and what is already known about health-seeking behavior (HSB) among the Arab patients who experienced infertility. Our purpose is to map and describe the studies that have been done and what they assessed concerning HSB among patients who experienced infertility. This includes the studies which address the factors affecting HSB. This review is conducted to display gaps in HSB literature and to inform a systematic review in the Arab countries. Condition being studied: The review will study research articles which addressed the HSB among couples, men, or women suffering from infertility. We adopted the definition of HSB by Ward et al. (1997) which is the actions undertaken by the patients who perceive themselves as infertile for the purpose to conceive and get children (Ward, Mertens, & Thomas, 1997). This could be any action ranged from neglect to seeking advanced infertility care. We will study the operational definition of HSB in each study, HSB model, rate of seeking medical care and type of care sought, other sources of help sought, and factors influencing HSB. In addition, we will describe how HSB was studied by defining the characteristics of the retrieved studies including design, setting, participants, and sample size, and infertility operational definition.

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Lumpkin, Shamsie, Isaac Parrish, Austin Terrell, and Dwayne Accardo. Pain Control: Opioid vs. Nonopioid Analgesia During the Immediate Postoperative Period. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/con.dnp.2021.0008.

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Background Opioid analgesia has become the mainstay for acute pain management in the postoperative setting. However, the use of opioid medications comes with significant risks and side effects. Due to increasing numbers of prescriptions to those with chronic pain, opioid medications have become more expensive while becoming less effective due to the buildup of patient tolerance. The idea of opioid-free analgesic techniques has rarely been breached in many hospitals. Emerging research has shown that opioid-sparing approaches have resulted in lower reported pain scores across the board, as well as significant cost reductions to hospitals and insurance agencies. In addition to providing adequate pain relief, the predicted cost burden of an opioid-free or opioid-sparing approach is significantly less than traditional methods. Methods The following groups were considered in our inclusion criteria: those who speak the English language, all races and ethnicities, male or female, home medications, those who are at least 18 years of age and able to provide written informed consent, those undergoing inpatient or same-day surgical procedures. In addition, our scoping review includes the following exclusion criteria: those who are non-English speaking, those who are less than 18 years of age, those who are not undergoing surgical procedures while admitted, those who are unable to provide numeric pain score due to clinical status, those who are unable to provide written informed consent, and those who decline participation in the study. Data was extracted by one reviewer and verified by the remaining two group members. Extraction was divided as equally as possible among the 11 listed references. Discrepancies in data extraction were discussed between the article reviewer, project editor, and group leader. Results We identified nine primary sources addressing the use of ketamine as an alternative to opioid analgesia and post-operative pain control. Our findings indicate a positive correlation between perioperative ketamine administration and postoperative pain control. While this information provides insight on opioid-free analgesia, it also revealed the limited amount of research conducted in this area of practice. The strategies for several of the clinical trials limited ketamine administration to a small niche of patients. The included studies provided evidence for lower pain scores, reductions in opioid consumption, and better patient outcomes. Implications for Nursing Practice Based on the results of the studies’ randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses, the effects of ketamine are shown as an adequate analgesic alternative to opioids postoperatively. The cited resources showed that ketamine can be used as a sole agent, or combined effectively with reduced doses of opioids for multimodal therapy. There were noted limitations in some of the research articles. Not all of the cited studies were able to include definitive evidence of proper blinding techniques or randomization methods. Small sample sizes and the inclusion of specific patient populations identified within several of the studies can skew data in one direction or another; therefore, significant clinical results cannot be generalized to patient populations across the board.

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Coelho Resende, Noelle, Renata Weber, Jardel Fischer Loeck, Mathias Vaiano Glens, Carolina Gomes, Priscila Farfan Barroso, Janine Targino, Emerson Elias Merhy, Leandro Dominguez Barretto, and Carly Machado. Working Paper Series: Therapeutic Communities in Brazil. Edited by Taniele Rui and Fiore Mauricio. Drugs, Security and Democracy Program, Social Science Research Council, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35650/ssrc.2081.d.2021.

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Spread across Brazil and attaining an unparalleled political force, therapeutic communities are as inescapable in the debate on drug policy as they are complex to define. Although they are not a Brazilian creation, they have been operating in that country for decades, and their dissemination intensified in the 1990s. In 2011, they were officially incorporated into Brazil's Psychosocial Care Network (Rede de Atenção Psicossocial, or RAPS). Since then, therapeutic communities have been at the center of public debates about their regulation; about how they should—or even if they should—be a part of the healthcare system; about the level of supervision to which they should be submitted; about their sources of funding, particularly whether or not they should have access to public funding; and, most importantly, about the quality of the services they offer and the many reports of rights violation that have been made public. However, a well-informed public debate can only flourish if the available information is based on sound evidence. The SSRC’s Drugs, Security and Democracy Program is concerned with the policy relevance of the research projects it supports, and the debate around therapeutic communities in Brazil points to a clear need for impartial research that addresses different cross-cutting aspects of this topic in its various dimensions: legal, regulatory, health, and observance of human rights, among others. It is in this context that we publish this working paper series on therapeutic communities in Brazil. The eight articles that compose this series offer a multidisciplinary view of the topic, expanding and deepening the existing literature and offering powerful contributions to a substantive analysis of therapeutic communities as instruments of public policy. Although they can be read separately, it is as a whole that the strength of the eight articles that make up this series becomes more evident. Even though they offer different perspectives, they are complementary works in—and already essential for—delineating and understanding the phenomenon of therapeutic communities in Brazil.

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Yaremchuk, Olesya. TRAVEL ANTHROPOLOGY IN JOURNALISM: HISTORY AND PRACTICAL METHODS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11069.

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Our study’s main object is travel anthropology, the branch of science that studies the history and nature of man, socio-cultural space, social relations, and structures by gathering information during short and long journeys. The publication aims to research the theoretical foundations and genesis of travel anthropology, outline its fundamental principles, and highlight interaction with related sciences. The article’s defining objectives are the analysis of the synthesis of fundamental research approaches in travel anthropology and their implementation in journalism. When we analyze what methods are used by modern authors, also called «cultural observers», we can return to the localization strategy, namely the centering of the culture around a particular place, village, or another spatial object. It is about the participants-observers and how the workplace is limited in space and time and the broader concept of fieldwork. Some disciplinary practices are confused with today’s complex, interactive cultural conjunctures, leading us to think of a laboratory of controlled observations. Indeed, disciplinary approaches have changed since Malinowski’s time. Based on the experience of fieldwork of Svitlana Aleksievich, Katarzyna Kwiatkowska-Moskalewicz, or Malgorzata Reimer, we can conclude that in modern journalism, where the tools of travel anthropology are used, the practical methods of complexity, reflexivity, principles of openness, and semiotics are decisive. Their authors implement both for stable localization and for a prevailing transition.

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Bilovska, Natalia. HYPERTEXT: SYNTHESIS OF DISCRETE AND CONTINUOUS MEDIA MESSAGE. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11104.

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In the article we interpret discrete and continuous message as interrupted and constant, limited and continual text, which has specific features and a number of differences between traditional (one-dimensional) text and hypertext (multidimensional). The purpose of this study is to define the concept of “hypertext”, consideration of its characteristics and features of the structure, similarities and differences with the traditional text, including the message in the media and communication. To achieve the goal of the study, we used a number of methods typical of journalism. Empirical analysis enabled a generalized description of the subject of study, which allowed to know it as a phenomenon. With the help of generalization the characteristic and specific regularities and principles of hypertext were studied. The system method is used to identify the dependence of each element of hypertext on its place in the text system as a whole. The retrospective method helped to understand the preconditions for the emergence of hypertext, to trace the dynamics of its development. General scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction) made it possible to formulate the conclusions of the study. Thanks to hypertext and the hypertext systems, the concept of virtual reality has gained tangible meaning. In hypertext space, virtuality organically complements reality. The state of virtuality, in this case, becomes the concept of hyperreality, and all this merges into a single whole in the space of computer text. Due to its volume and multidimensionality, hypertext can arouse scientific interest as an interdisciplinary discipline. In today’s world, the phenomenon of hypertext has been the subject of numerous discussions, conferences and research in the field of social communications, linguistics and psychology. Today, a significant number of organizations conduct large-scale research based on the concepts of hypertext associations and associative navigation.

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Syvash, Kateryna. AUDIENCE FEEDBACK AS AN ELEMENT OF PARASOCIAL COMMUNICATION WITH SCREEN MEDIA-PERSONS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11062.

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Parasocial communication is defined as an illusory and one-sided interaction between the viewer and the media person, which is analogous to interpersonal communication. Among the classic media, television has the greatest potential for such interaction through a combination of audio and visual series and a wide range of television content – from newscasts to talent shows. Viewers’ reaction to this product can be seen as a defining element of parasociality and directly affect the popularity of a media person and the ratings of the TV channel. In this article we will consider feedback as part of parasocial communication and describe ways to express it in times of media transformations. The psychological interaction «media person – viewer» had been the focus of research by both psychologists and media experts for over 60 years. During the study, scientists described the predictors, functions, manifestations and possible consequences of paracommunication. One of the key elements of the formed parasocial connections is the real audience reaction. Our goal is to conceptualize the concept of feedback in the paradigm of parasocial communication and describe the main types of reactions to the media person in long-term parasocial relationships. The research focuses on the ways in which the viewer’s feedback on the television media person is expressed, bypassing the issue of classifying the audience’s feedback as «positive» and «negative». For this purpose, more than 20 interdisciplinary scientific works on the issue of parasocial interaction were analyzed and their generalization was carried out. Based on previous research, the types and methods of feedback in the television context are separated. With successful parasocial interaction, the viewer can react in different ways to the media person. The type of feedback will directly depend on the strength of the already established communication with the media person. We distinguish seven types of feedback and divide them into those that occur during or after a television show; those that are spontaneous or planned; aimed directly at the media person or third parties. We offer the following types of feedback from TV viewers: «talking to the TV»; telling about the experience of parasocial communication to others; following on social networks; likes and comments; imitation of behavior and appearance; purchase of recommended brands; fanart.

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