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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Definite Article'
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Shannon, John Francis. "Variability and the interlanguage production of the English definite article /." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487928649988355.
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Jones, Mark Jonathon. "The phonetics and phonology of definite article reduction in northern English dialects." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.615045.
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Contreras, Courtney. "The Usage of Clitic Pronouns and the Influence of the Definite Article in Spanish among Spanish-Quechua Bilinguals in Peru." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849650/.
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This study focuses on the clitic pronoun usage by Spanish-Quechua bilingual speakers in Cuzco, Peru when faced with a question that includes a definite article preceding the direct object. Answers are analyzed to determine whether or not the definite article has an effect on the presence or absence of the clitic pronoun. Direct objects tested were both [+human] and [-human] objects to determine if these variables affect clitic pronoun use as well. Speakers who have identified themselves as bilingual in both Spanish and Quechua were given a survey to complete in order to see what factors may contribute to the use or omission of the clitic pronouns.
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Mak, Lawrence. "The use and the omission of the Greek definite article with p̲n̲e̲u̲m̲a̲ h̲a̲g̲i̲o̲n̲." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1986. http://www.tren.com.
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Juvonen, Päivi. "Grammaticalizing the definite article : a study of adnominal determiners in a genre of spoken Finnish /." Stockholm : Stockholm university, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb389079575.
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Spraunienė, Birutė. "The Marking of Definiteness in Lithuanian. Against the Background of Danish and other Article Languages." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110519_082052-38010.
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The dissertation investigates definiteness marking in two typologically diverse languages — Lithuanian which is an articleless language and has a partially grammaticalized marking of definiteness and Danish which has a fully developed system of definiteness markers. The aim of the thesis is to compare Lithuanian definiteness markers — definite adjectival forms and emergent articles — to definiteness markers of article languages (Danish, English, etc.). The following methods of analysis were applied in the dissertation: contrastive analysis, L. Hjelmslev’s commutation test and semantic map method. Besides the contrastive perspective, the dissertation also has a typological perspective with the aim of determining the universal usage types of definiteness markers and considering definiteness marking in Lithuanian and Danish in a typological context. The Semantic Map of Lithuanian Definite Adjectivals and the Semantic Map of Definiteness Markers in Danish, which were drawn in the thesis, help to highlight the similarities and differences of definiteness marking in Lithuanian and Danish. In the dissertation, it is argued that the pronominal morpheme –jis, –ji contained in the definite adjectival form can be regarded as a formal marker of definiteness in Lithuanian since in all cases this morpheme marks the definiteness of a noun phrase, whether it is definiteness on the level of individual reference or definiteness on the level of type (taxonomic) reference. The demonstrative tas... [to full text]Disertacijoje tyrinėjama apibrėžtumo raiška dviejose tipologiniu požiūriu skirtingose kalbose — lietuvių kalboje, kuri yra neartikelinė ir turi mažai sugramatintą apibrėžtumo raišką, ir danų kalboje, turinčioje išplėtotą apibrėžtumo rodiklių sistemą. Disertacijos tikslas yra palyginti lietuvių kalbos apibrėžtumo rodiklius — apibrėžiamuosius būdvardžius ir gramatėjančius demonstratyvus (artroidus) — su artikelinių kalbų (danų, anglų ir kt.) apibrėžtumo rodikliais. Disertacijoje naudojamasi kontrastyvinės analizės metodu, Hjelmslevo komutacijos testu ir semantinio žemėlapio metodu. Šalia kontrastyvinės pasirinkta ir tipologinė perspektyva siekiant nustatyti universalius apibrėžtumo rodiklių vartosenos tipus, taip pat įvertinti lietuvių bei danų kalbų apibrėžtumo raišką tipologiniame kontekste. Sudaryti lietuvių kalbos apibrėžiamųjų būdvardžių ir danų kalbos apibrėžtumo rodiklių semantiniai žemėlapiai padeda išryškinti apibrėžtumo raiškos šiose kalbose panašumus bei skirtumus. Disertacijoje teigiama, kad įvardžiuotinės būdvardžio formos įvardinė morfema –jis, –ji lietuvių kalboje pagrįstai gali būti laikoma formaliu daiktavardinės frazės apibrėžtumo rodikliu, nes ši morfema visais atvejais žymi daiktavardinės frazės apibrėžtumą, kuris gali būti tiek individo referencijos, tiek tipo (taksonominės) referencijos lygmens. Besiformuojančiu apibrėžtumo rodikliu lietuvių kalboje gali būti laikomi gramatėjantys demonstratyvai (artroidai) tas, ta.
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Alenizi, Aied M. "The Acquisition of the Nongeneric Uses of the English Definite Article the by Arabic Speakers of English." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1069.
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This study aimed to investigate the acquisition of the four non-generic uses of the English definite article the by Arabic learners of English in Saudi Arabia. These non-generic uses included textual, situational, cultural and structural. This study had three goals: (1) to determine whether these uses are acquired in a certain sequence; (2) to explore which one of these uses is the most difficult and the easiest in learning; (3) to investigate whether one or two of the uses are overused.
The instrument consisted of 59 sentences adopted from Liu and Gleason (2002). There were 40 instances for required uses and 20 sentences for obligatory nonuse (5 instances for each use). The subjects were instructed to insert the where they deemed it necessary. The participants were 45 male undergraduate English major students, whose ages ranged from 18 to 22 with a Mean age of 21.6, from a university in Saudi Arabia. They were divided into three groups (15 students each) based on their proficiency levels as follows; low intermediate, intermediate, and advanced. The results revealed developmental trends in the acquisition of the non-generic uses of the English definite article related to proficiency. Specifically, the advanced group showed significantly higher accuracy of use in all four functions. Regarding the four functions, the order of acquisition, based on level of accuracy was as follows: situational, cultural, structural and textual. The study results are discussed in view of their pedagogical implications for the teaching of the definite article to Saudi learners of English.
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Zhang, Zhiyin. "“I never thought about those rules in all my languages” : A comparative study of teaching the English articles in the multilingual classroom from a monolingual or a multilingual approach." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-157917.
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This study is conducted to compare the effect of practicing a multilingual approach to a monolingual approach in teaching the English article system for students with multilingual backgrounds. Through a structured experiment in light of sociolinguistic and second language acquisition theories, two different discourses (complexes of signs and practices that organize social existence and social reproduction) structuring different legitimate languages are implemented in each respective approach. In the multilingual approach, all languages in the participants’ language repertoire are legitimized and encouraged, while only Standard English is legitimized in the monolingual approach. Three groups of informants participated in the experiment. Two groups of young informants with low English proficiency, and one group of adult informants with intermediate English proficiency participated in the experiment. The majority of the participants have more than two languages in their language repertoires. The multilingual approach was adopted in one of the young groups and the adult group. The study shows that all informants improved in their use of the English article system, regardless of the different approaches. The informants with lower English proficiency level and with a strongest [-ART] language (language with no articles) improved 40.9% in the multilingual approach, which is almost twice as much as the improvement in the monolingual approach. However, the young informants in both groups tend to be confused about the use of the indefinite article a/an after the exercise. The improvements tend to remain in a longer period of time with the multilingual approach in both the adult group and the young group. In addition, the participants tend to show higher rates of concentration, positive emotional feelings and engagement during and after the multilingual approach. The results suggest that it is beneficial to deploy the multilingual approach, through intentional structuring of the legitimized languages in classroom.
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Dixon, Ian J. "A Study of Language Attitudes Concerning the De-Affication of /tʃ/, the Pronunciation of the /tɾ/ Consonant Cluster, and the Use of the Definite Article with Proper Names in Santiago, Chile." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2379.
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This thesis analyzes the linguistic attitudes of natives from Santiago, Chile regarding three linguistic phenomena present in Chilean Spanish of Santiago: the fricative realization of the Spanish /tʃ/, the assibilated realization of /tɾ/ and the use of the definite article before the first names of people. The social factors of age, sex and socioeconomic status are acknowledged as possible factors contributing to the linguistic attitudes of the 64 participants interviewed.
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Navarro, Michel Platiny Assis. "Restrição de domínio, distributividade e a expressão kar em um dialeto de língua Kaingang." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-13092012-095450/.
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Esta dissertação apresenta uma análise semântica, no paradigma da Semântica Formal, da (i) restrição de domínio no DP e da (ii) expressão kar, que veicula a ideia de totalidade, no dialeto paranaense da língua Kaingang, do tronco Macro-Jê, família Jê, falada nas regiões sul e sudeste do Brasil. Num primeiro momento, o artigo definido parece ter, no Kaingang Paranaense, uma distribuição não trivial: aplica-se primeiro a um determinante quantificacional e restringe, via essa combinação, o domínio do quantificador, tal como no Basco, Grego e Státimcets (Giannakidou 2003, Etxeberria 2005 e Etxeberria & Giannakidou 2009), línguas muito parecidas com o Kaingang no domínio nominal. Alguns dados, contudo, apontaram a análise em outra direção. Entendemos que certos padrões de comportamento semântico e sintático apresentado por kar nas sentenças, tal como sua neutralidade quanto à propriedade de distributividade e a possibilidade da conjunção de duas sequências de [NP+kar] sob um mesmo artigo definido (ao contrário do Basco, no qual a mesma estrutura é agramatical, sugerindo que os quantificadores universais em Basco criam um QP), são algumas das evidências que, no conjunto, dão suporte para a hipótese, defendida nesta dissertação, de que kar, no Kaingang Paranaense, parece ser um modificador - à la Lasersohn (1999) -, não tendo, por isso, uma força quantificacional própria. A função semântica de kar seria de controlar o quanto de desvio da verdade é pragmaticamente permissível. Como consequência desta análise, no Kaingang Paranaense o artigo definido não operaria sobre um determinante quantificacional, mas sim sobre um NP. O que aponta no sentido de que os artigos definidos ag/fag (os/as) no Kaingang Paranaense, em contextos em que eles co-ocorrem com kar, não perderiam a sua função max, i.e., de formadores de indivíduo a partir de um conjunto, para funcionar meramente como um operador preservador de tipo e restritor de domínio adjungido ao determinante quantificacional, como proposto por Giannakidou 2003, Etxeberria (2005) e Etxeberria & Giannakidou (2009) para o Basco e o Grego. Ag/fag continuariam sendo artigos definidos clássicos ocupando o núcleo de uma projeção DP e kar um modificador. Também discutimos brevemente algumas das vantagens e problemas de se tentar estender esta análise para o Basco, Grego e Státimcets. E, por último, investigamos o comportamento de kar na sentença, as possíveis leituras quando da sua interação com indefinidos, numerais, tipos de predicados e o operador distributivo introduzido via reduplicação verbal. Com base nos dados, nossa proposta é de que - em função de a leitura distributiva, na maioria dos exemplos, ser permitida pelos informantes somente quando houve reduplicação verbal - kar é neutro quanto à propriedade da distributividade e que o operador distributivo introduzido por reduplicação verbal tem escopo sobre todo o VP.This dissertation presents, in the paradigm of formal semantics, a semantic analysis of both (i) the phenomenon of domain restriction in the DP and (ii) the expression kar, which conveys the idea of totality, in a dialect of the Kaingang language, a Brazilian language from the Macro-Jê Stock, Jê family, spoken in southern and southeastern Brazil. Although, at first, the definite article in Kaingang seems to have a non-trivial distribution: it applies first to a quantificational expression, and via such combination restricts the domain of quantifier, such as in Basque, Greek and Státimcets (Giannakidou 2003, Etxeberria 2005 and Etxeberria & Giannakidou 2009), some data pointed the analysis in another direction. Patterns of semantic and syntactic bevavior presented by kar in some sentences, such as its neutralite regarding the property of distributivity and the possibility of conjoining two [NP + kar] sequences under the same definite article (unlike Basque, which does not allow such structure, suggesting that in Basque the universal quantifier creats a QP), seem to be as a whole evidences for the hypothesis, advocated in this thesis, that the expression kar may be a modifier - à la Lasersohn (1999) - and as such would not have a quantificational force of its own. The semantic function of kar would be to control how much deviation from the truth conditions of the sentences is pragmatically allowed. As a result of this analysis, the definite articles ag/fag in Kaingang do not operate on a quantificational expression, as in Basque and Greek, but on the NP. Such fact suggests that the definite articles in Kaingang, in contexts they co-occur with kar, do not lose their max function in order to work merely as a type preserver and a domain restrictor combined with a quantificational expression, as proposed by Giannakidou 2003, Etxeberria (2005) e Etxeberria & Giannakidou (2009) for Basque and Greek. Ag/fag would still be a classical definite article occupying the head of a DP projection and kar a modifier, instead of a universal quantifier. We also discuss briefly some of the advantages and problems of trying to extend this analysis to the Basque, Greek and Státimcets languages. And lastly, we investigated the behavior of kar in the sentence, its interaction with indefinites, numerals, types of predicates and the distributive operator introduced via verbal reduplication. Based on such data, once distributive readings were permitted by the informants only via verbal reduplication, our proposal is that kar is neutral regarding the property of distributivity and that the distributive operator introduced via verbal reduplication has scope over the VP.
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Oyama, Driély Oller. "O uso de artigo nos DPs possessivos: testemunho linguístico dos séculos XX e XXI." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-12122018-093130/.
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Este estudo investiga o uso variado da realização do artigo definido em DPs possessivos, no paradigma das três pessoas do discurso, em vídeos e cartas que representam o português paulista dos séculos XX e XXI. Tal fenômeno tem atraído a atenção dos estudiosos, a partir da tradição filológica e normativa, chegando aos estudos linguísticos correntes, uma vez que se verifica o intrigante fato de que o português europeu (PE) e o português brasileiro (PB) se distanciaram no seu percurso histórico em um aspecto crucial: enquanto no PE a presença do artigo diante do possessivo é praticamente categórica, no PB a variação ainda parece ser possível, ora produzindo DP possessivos com artigo (o meu livro está em cima da mesa), ora sem (meu livro está em cima da mesa). Entre os objetivos da pesquisa destacam-se a descrição do fenômeno no português paulista, a apresentação de uma proposta de análise para caracterizar o estatuto variável na realização do artigo em contextos possessivos, bem como o mapeamento dos fatores linguísticos e extralinguísticos que possam estar condicionando a variação. Para tanto, apoiamo-nos numa perspectiva teórica que engloba pressupostos gerativistas, tais como desenvolvidos na Teoria dos Princípios e Parâmetros (CHOMSKY, 1981, 1986), incluindo alguns refinamentos do Programa Minimalista (CHOMSKY, 1995, 1998, 2000, 2001), além de pressupostos da Sociolinguística Variacionista, tais como desenvolvidos em Weinreich, Labov e Herzog (1968) e Labov (1972, 1994). Os resultados da análise quantitativa mostraram um aumento significativo no preenchimento do artigo definido no DP possessivo e mudança nos fatores condicionantes para a variação apontados por pesquisas anteriores. A abordagem teórica está ainda ancorada nos estudos recentes sobre a estrutura sintática do DP possessivo (FLORIPI, 2008; GALO, 2015; BRITO e LOPES, 2016). Finalmente, esta pesquisa buscou caracterizar com mais rigor o estatuto semântico do artigo definido no contexto dos DPs possessivos, com base nas particularidades do licenciamento dos Nomes Nus no PB (CYRINO e ESPINAL, 2016; FERREIRA e CORREIA 2016). A hipótese que assumimos foi a de que, o artigo definido nos DPs possessivos, tanto realizado lexicalmente, como nulo fonologicamente, licencia uma leitura que expressa uma relação possessiva, diferente da leitura denotada pelo artigo definido em DPs definidos. Portanto não se trata de um definido expletivo (CASTRO, 2006).This thesis investigates the varied use of the definite article in possessives DPs, in the paradigm of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd persons, in videos and letters that represent the Paulistian Brazilian Portuguese from the 20th and 21st centuries. Such phenomenon has attracted experts attention, from the philological and normative tradition to current linguistic studies, since an intriguing fact is verified: European Portuguese (PE) and Brazilian Portuguese (PB) have distanced themselves in their historical course in a crucial aspect: In PE the use of the definite article in possessive noun phrases is nearly mandatory, while in PB this use of the article is variable. Amongst the goals of this research, the following stand out: to describe this phenomenon in Paulistian Brazilian Portuguese, present a proposal of analysis to characterize the variation status in the presence of the article in possessives contexts, as well as mapping the linguistic and extralinguistic factors that may be conditioning the variation. To achieve them, we adopt an approach based on Principles and Parameters Model (CHOMSKY, 1981, 1986), including some refinements of the Minimalist Program (CHOMSKY, 1995, 1998, 2000, 2001), as well as a Quantitative Sociolinguistics approach (WEINREICH, LABOV and HERZOG, 1968; LABOV, 1972, 1994). The results of the quantitative analysis showed a significant increase in the usage of the definite article in the possessive DP and change of conditioning factors for the variation pointed out by previous researches. The theoretical approach is also anchored in recent studies on the syntactic structure of possessive DP (FLORIPI, 2008; GALO, 2015; BRITTO e LOPES, 2016). Finally, this research attempted to thoroughly characterize the semantic status of the definite article in the context of the possessive DPs, based on the peculiarities of the Bare Nouns licensing in PB (CYRINO e ESPINAL, 2016; FERREIRA e CORREIA, 2016). We assumed the hypothesis that the definite article in the possessive DPs, lexically realized or phonologically null, allows a reading that expresses a possessive relation, different from the reading denoted by the definite article in definite DPs. Therefore, it is not an expletive definite article (CASTRO, 2006).
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Roehrs, Dorian. "Demonstratives and definite articles as nominal auxiliaries /." Amsterdam [u.a.] : Benjamins, 2009. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=017109235&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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McCarvel, Miranda Kelly. "Allomorphic Variation of Definite Articles in Jersey: a Sonority Based Account." The University of Montana, 2010. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-03082010-102529/.
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Allomorphic variation is a common linguistic phenomenon in Jersey (Jersey Norman French). Definite articles in Jersey each have at least two allomorphs. The occurrence of each allomorph has been attributed to the composition of word initial syllable following the article (Liddicoat 1994). Instead of using a ruled-based approach, this thesis examines the variation found among Jersey definite articles and uses sonority-based principles to analyze the allomorphic variation. Using Jersey phonotactics, this thesis first puts forth a Jersey specific sonority hierarchy and then utilizes that hierarchy and principles of syllabification to syllabify phrases containing definite articles. Then using sonority based principles, such as the Sonority Sequencing Principle and Syllable Contact Law, this thesis analyzes the syllabified phrases. The analysis identifies the sonority based conditions that trigger the allomorphic variation found in the data. This thesis contributes to the field of linguistics in several ways. It supports the use of both the Universal Sonority Hierarchy and language specific sonority hierarchies. This thesis also supports the practice of using available data sources for analysis. The analysis of a described but analyzed phenomenon contributes valuable information to the general knowledge of Jersey and sonority. Finally, this thesis also serves as an important resource for the study of Norman dialects in Europe such as Guernsey, Sark and Norman, as Jersey is a member of this linguistic group. This thesis contributes to both the field of Jersey linguistics and to the field of theoretical linguistics, while accounting for the allomorphic variation of Jersey definite articles.
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Emslie, Hazel Carr. "Young children's use of the definite and indefinite articles in referring expressions." Thesis, Durham University, 1986. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6833/.
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It is argued that the theoretical framework used in earlier studies of children's use of the articles is inadequate, failing in some important ways to capture even normal adult usage. A new theory of article usage is proposed which is based on the concept of mental models. Previous psychological investigations are evaluated in the light of this theory and the major issues raised are investigated experimentally. Nine experiments involving approximately 310 three to seven-year old children and 65 parents are reported. The experiments were designed to investigate the effects of two main factors on children’s use of the articles, namely, the knowledge of the listener and the composition of the referential array. Different kinds of tasks were employed which required responses varying from article plus noun to single sentences and extended narratives. The results of the experiments showed that although young children can, and do, take into account the status of an object within a referential array, the over-riding factor in their choice of referring expression is their perception of the knowledge of the listener. When they judge that the listener's model does not contain the same number and kind of objects as their own (the listener is ignorant), children will use an indefinite description to introduce a referent regardless of the status of that referent in the array. However, when the listener is knowledgeable indefinite descriptions are reserved for one of several identical or similar objects and definite descriptions are used for objects which are known to be unique in the listener's model. Other factors which influence children’s use of the articles include the difficulty of the task, the child’s perception of the purpose of the task, and the range of descriptions in the child's linguistic repertoire.
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Alsowiliem, A. "The acquisition of definite and indefinite articles in English by L1 speakers of Saudi Arabic." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/8754/.
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Spraunienė, Birutė. "Apibrėžtumo žymėjimas lietuvių kalboje lyginant su danų ir kitomis artikelinėmis kalbomis." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110519_082027-53916.
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Disertacijoje tyrinėjama apibrėžtumo raiška dviejose tipologiniu požiūriu skirtingose kalbose — lietuvių kalboje, kuri yra neartikelinė ir turi mažai sugramatintą apibrėžtumo raišką, ir danų kalboje, turinčioje išplėtotą apibrėžtumo rodiklių sistemą. Disertacijos tikslas yra palyginti lietuvių kalbos apibrėžtumo rodiklius — apibrėžiamuosius būdvardžius ir gramatėjančius demonstratyvus (artroidus) — su artikelinių kalbų (danų, anglų ir kt.) apibrėžtumo rodikliais. Disertacijoje naudojamasi kontrastyvinės analizės metodu, Hjelmslevo komutacijos testu ir semantinio žemėlapio metodu. Šalia kontrastyvinės pasirinkta ir tipologinė perspektyva siekiant nustatyti universalius apibrėžtumo rodiklių vartosenos tipus, taip pat įvertinti lietuvių bei danų kalbų apibrėžtumo raišką tipologiniame kontekste. Sudaryti lietuvių kalbos apibrėžiamųjų būdvardžių ir danų kalbos apibrėžtumo rodiklių semantiniai žemėlapiai padeda išryškinti apibrėžtumo raiškos šiose kalbose panašumus bei skirtumus. Disertacijoje teigiama, kad įvardžiuotinės būdvardžio formos įvardinė morfema –jis, –ji lietuvių kalboje pagrįstai gali būti laikoma formaliu daiktavardinės frazės apibrėžtumo rodikliu, nes ši morfema visais atvejais žymi daiktavardinės frazės apibrėžtumą, kuris gali būti tiek individo referencijos, tiek tipo (taksonominės) referencijos lygmens. Besiformuojančiu apibrėžtumo rodikliu lietuvių kalboje gali būti laikomi gramatėjantys demonstratyvai (artroidai) tas, ta.The dissertation investigates definiteness marking in two typologically diverse languages — Lithuanian which is an articleless language and has a partially grammaticalized marking of definiteness and Danish which has a fully developed system of definiteness markers. The aim of the thesis is to compare Lithuanian definiteness markers — definite adjectival forms and emergent articles — to definiteness markers of article languages (Danish, English, etc.). The following methods of analysis were applied in the dissertation: contrastive analysis, L. Hjelmslev’s commutation test and semantic map method. Besides the contrastive perspective, the dissertation also has a typological perspective with the aim of determining the universal usage types of definiteness markers and considering definiteness marking in Lithuanian and Danish in a typological context. The Semantic Map of Lithuanian Definite Adjectivals and the Semantic Map of Definiteness Markers in Danish, which were drawn in the thesis, help to highlight the similarities and differences of definiteness marking in Lithuanian and Danish. In the dissertation, it is argued that the pronominal morpheme –jis, –ji contained in the definite adjectival form can be regarded as a formal marker of definiteness in Lithuanian since in all cases this morpheme marks the definiteness of a noun phrase, whether it is definiteness on the level of individual reference or definiteness on the level of type (taxonomic) reference. The demonstrative tas... [to full text]
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Farmer, M. G. "Variability in the production of the definite and indefinite articles and language acquisition processes in 2-year olds." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371790.
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Venuti, James Allen. "An Analysis of L2 Article Use in English." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/29489.
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This paper is a partial replication study of research to investigate an aspect of English articles: the acquisition of 4 nongeneric uses of the definite article in English. Analysis of article use in these four categories (i.e. cultural, situational, structural, and textual) was investigated by Liu and Gleason (2002), and a hierarchy of difficulty and acquisition was proposed based upon the initial results.
This partial replication used the same testing instrument as Liu and Gleason (2002) with additional items included to further investigate the category, cultural use of the article. The participants, 17 low-intermediate, 20 high-intermediate, and 34 advanced ESL learners completed a 100 item test with sentences containing deleted obligatory uses of the as well as distractor items. The results partially supported Liu and Gleason‟s original study, and raised many concerns with the test instrument.
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Ardura, Diego. "The Definite Article System in L1-English L2-Spanish Learners." 2014. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/1169.
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Previous studies on the acquisition of definite plurals in Child and Second Language Acquisition have found strong evidence on how transfer can affect the L2-acquisition of articles. Nevertheless, these studies presented some limitations. First, they failed to consider other variables that could interfere with transfer in the acquisition of the article system. And second, the methodology used to test the participants’ implicit knowledge of article system was very similar in all studies (Truth-Value Judgment Task). In order to fill these two gaps in the literature, the present study uses a listening comprehension task to test how the mass/count distinction can affect the interpretation of definite plurals in intermediate L1-English L2-Spanish learners. This study also adds another variable, the type of verb, to test whether the mass/count distinction equally affects L1-English L2-Spanish interpretations’ of the Spanish article system throughout different kind of verbs. Two types of verbs were used: gustar-like verbs (psychological verbs) and non-psychological verbs. These verbs were used in questions, so their different syntactic characteristics were neutralized.
Two experiments were created following the same guidelines, but using a different type of verb. First, the participants were shown a situation in a computer screen. These situations were controlled so both specific and generic readings could be interpreted. After reading each situation, a question, which could either trigger a specific
or a generic reading, was asked orally to the participants. Written responses were collected from each participant, and coded as either ‘generic’, ‘specific’, or ‘other’.
The results of this thesis show highly statistically significant differences for how L1-English L2-Spanish learners interpret count and mass nouns. On the one hand, L1-English L2-Spanish tended to interpret count nouns as specific. On the other, they showed a strong tendency to interpret mass nouns as generic. In this sense, the statistical analysis conducted suggests that L1-English L2-Spanish and Spanish native speakers converged in their implicit knowledge of definite plurals containing mass nouns. Nevertheless, native speakers and L2-Spanish learners significantly differed in their interpretations of countable nouns. All of these patterns were found for both psychological and non-psychological verbs. The present study found very similar rates of generic responses for non-psychological verbs in L2-Spanish as previously reported by Ionin and Montrul (2012) and Ionin, Montrul, and Crivós (2011). Interestingly, the rates of generic responses for psychological verbs were much higher and diverged a bit from the results of Ionin and Montrul (2012) and Ionin, Montrul, and Crivós (2011).
I discuss the importance of these results for the field of Second Language Acquisition and Semantics.
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PROVÁZKOVÁ, Martina. "Les syntagmes nominaux anaphoriques dans les textes des journaux sportifs." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-320500.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this work is to describe and to analyse one type of anaphoric nominal syntagma found in the articles of French sports newspapers. The work is divided in two parts theoretical and practical. The theoretical part describes the basic concepts of text linguistics. Then it focuses on the concept of anaphora and nominal syntagma with brief reference to journalistic-style writing. In the practical part, an analysis of anaphoric nominal syntagmas and the description of their semantico-pragmatic relations is carried out.
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Cieschinger, Maria. "The Contraction of Preposition and Definite Article in German – Semantic and Pragmatic Constraints." Doctoral thesis, 2016. https://repositorium.ub.uni-osnabrueck.de/handle/urn:nbn:de:gbv:700-2016041214408.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation proposes a uniqueness-based theory of definiteness that accounts for the semantics and the pragmatics of German (non-) contracted forms of a preposition and the definite determiner (e.g. ‘zum / zu dem’, ‘am / an dem’), but the analysis also carries over to definite descriptions in general. I propose that the definite determiner is ambiguous between a referential and a quantificational reading. Crucially, referential DDs exploit information provided in the surrounding linguistic context, while the interpretation of quantificational DDs heavily relies on extra-linguistic world knowledge that can be represented by an implicit free individual variable and an implicit free relation variable. Non-contracted forms are always interpreted referentially, whereas contracted forms receive quantificational interpretations. This proposal has a wide range of applications: It deals with anaphoric and demonstrative DDs, as well as with typical ‘uniqueness uses’ (such as ‘the moon’ or ‘the sun’), covarying DDs involving explicit and implicit antecedents, bridging definites, and, last but not least, so-called Weak Definites.
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Backus, Borshi Orkida. "Formální vyjádřování kategorie určenosti v albánštině. Popis na základě srovnání s angličtinou." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-347504.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis describes the means of expressing the category of definiteness in Albanian. Inasmuch as this category has not been comprehensively analyzed in this language so far, the starting point of the thesis is the description of this category in English which, by contrast, has been subject to a detailed analysis by many authors from different aspects both theoretical and practical. Keywords: Albanian, English, definite article, definite form, reference, contrastive description
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Trojanová, Jana. "K užívání členů v němčině, angličtině a češtině." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-332085.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis deals with the use of articles in German, English and Czech. In the theoretical part the characteristics of German and English article, its varieties and historical development is introduced, and one chapter is dedicated to the existence of potential article in Czech. Further the usage of the articles in German and English is described, primarily with the abstracta. In the practical part ten selected abstracta will be analysed. For the analyses the cases in which there are different articles will be crucial. The occurrence and function of Czech demonstrative and indefinite pronouns that evince certain similarities of an article will be also examined.
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ZEWELOVÁ, Andrea. "Kategorie determinace: strategie překladu španělských literárních textů do češtiny." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-173906.
Full textAbstract:
My thesis consists of two parts. First part is theoretical in which I´m introducing meanings of reference and determinant as described by eminent authors, followed by description of the main uses of definite and indefinete articles and I´m finishing the first part by introducing the current Sentence Segmentation. The second part of the Thesis is practical and here I´m working on quantitative analysis of determination and its translation itno Czech. I´m analyzing a tale called La tortuga gigante from the book Cuentos de la Selva written by Horacio Quiroga and its further Czech translation by Ada Vesela. Determinants are my main focus, articles in particular and their translation into Czech.
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Crawford, Jackson. "The definite article and demonstrative determiners in transitional icelandic: a case study in Oddur Gottskálksson's New Testament, Matthew 1-17." 2008. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/crawford%5Fjackson%5Fw%5F200805%5Fma.
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RECMANOVÁ, Jana. "Užívání členu určitého u vlastních jmen v současné španělštině na základě práce s korpusem CREA." Master's thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-50175.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis describes the usage of definite article with proper nouns in current Spanish language. Proper nouns distribution and their dependence of the definite article according to the grammar books and textbooks is explained in the first part. The proper nouns are divided into geographical and personal nouns and these two groups are classified into charts according to the usage of the definite article. The second part deals with the selective geographical nouns and their usage of definite article in Spanish speaking countries according to the corpus CREA. The achieved results are analysed in the last part.
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Eduardo, Albano Agostinho. "Expressões nominais genéricas num corpus oral do português de Angola." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/18874.
Full textAbstract:
Esta dissertação investiga a genericidade no Português falado em Angola (PA).
Considerando que, de acordo com a literatura (Oliveira & Cunha 2007, Müller 2001,
Gomes 2001 e Barbosa et al (2003)), a genericidade pode ser realizada por meio de
expressões de referência a classes e por meio de frases genericamente quantificadas,
vamos concentrar-nos, em particular, no uso da expressão nominal genérica em posição
de sujeito.
Parte-se da hipótese de que, no PA, a expressão nominal genérica é realizada
com base nos padrões do português europeu, sendo o artigo definido o modelo
preferencial para a formação da expressão nominal com o valor semântico de classe.
Esta hipótese foi investigada com base na análise de frases num corpus oral do PA e de
um teste de produção induzida.
Conclui-se que, apesar de o definido genérico ser a realização preferencial da
expressão nominal genérica no PA, há casos que aproximam o PA do português
brasileiro ‒ em que a expressão nominal genérica pode ser realizada por uma expressão
nominal simples singular‒, que resultam da influência das línguas bantu faladas em
Angola e do permanente contato entre estas línguas e o Português aí falado. Além disso,
o Português é uma língua não materna para muitos falantes e os factos observados
poderão evidenciar algum grau de instabilidade quanto à realização do valor semântico
de genericidade na aprendizagem desta variedade do Português.This dissertation investigates the expression of genericity in the Portuguese spoken in Angola (PA). According to the literature (Oliveira & Cunha 2007, Müller 2001, Gomes 2001, and Barbosa et al (2003)), genericity can be realized by means of kind-denoting nominal expressions and those that can result from generic sentences. Here we can concentrate on generic nominal expressions in subject position. The work starts with the hypothesis that in PA generic noun expressions are formed according to European Portuguese standards, where the definite article is the preferred option for a kind-denoting noun phrase. This hypothesis is investigated through the analysis of sentences in an oral corpus and an elicited production test. It is concluded that, in spite of the definite article being the preferred option for generic noun expressions in PA, there are cases in which it shows similarities to Brazilian Portuguese ‒ for example in use of singular bare nominal expression ‒ which result from the influence of the Bantu languages used in Angola, and the permanent contact between Portuguese and these languages. Moreover Portuguese is an L2 for many speakers and there are many be a degree of instability in the expression of genericity during the learning process of this variety of Portuguese.
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Erbenová, Adéla. "Španělské determinanty este, ese, aquel a jejich české ekvivalenty." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-333530.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis is focused on the Spanish determiners este, ese, aquel, the definite article and their anaphoric function. First, the theoretical groundwork for the latter analysis is built: the deter- miners are characterized together with the anaphora as a device of discourse coherence. Then, the choice between the demonstratives este, ese, aquel and the defi- nite article in different types of nominal anaphora is analyzed using examples from the parallel corpus InterCorp. Diverse factors influencing this choice are examined. The analysis is extended with a comparative analysis in which Czech equivalents of the Spanish determiners in the same types of anaphora are compared.
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"The Use of Definite Articles in Romance Languages: Diffusion or Independent Development." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.53789.
Full textAbstract:
abstract: Over the centuries, definite articles in Romance languages have expanded their use to include generic, collective, and abstract nouns, essentially becoming noun markers. This usage is not confined to just a few languages, either, but is found in most, if not all, Romance languages, major and minor. This thesis examines the question of how this came to be, whether through diffusion from one language to all others, or through independent parallel development. I first trace the history of definite articles in three major Romance languages, French, Spanish, and Italian, starting with the emergence of the definite article in Late Latin as it derived from Classic Latin demonstratives. It includes an analysis of the use of definite articles in six works of literature, one in each language from the late thirteenth century, and one in each language from around the year 1500. The results show definite articles were used more frequently than expected in the earlier Spanish work, perhaps hinting at diffusion from Spain. Nevertheless, placing these results in historical context, I argue that this use arose through independent parallel development through the process that gave birth to definite articles in the first place - grammaticalization.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Linguistics and Applied Linguistics 2019
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BASAŘOVÁ, Petra. "ANAPHORE ASSOCIATIVE DANS LE ROMAN DE MILAN KUNDERA " LA PLAISANTERIE " : IDENTIFICATION, FONCTIONNEMENT, TRAITS FORMELS." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-153303.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis deals with questions of so called associative anaphora, which represents one of means of textual references. Firstly, the term is generally delimitated after a study of specialized literature. Then, the analysis is demonstrated at the French version of the novel by Milan Kundera called "La Plaisanterie" and the sequences found in this book are commented and classified on the basis of given criteria into several subcategories. The emphasis is put on semantic relations between coreferential segments and possible influence of using of determiners on functioning of these relations. In addition, the work aims to focus whether the associative link and lexical stereotypes are connected. The final task of this work is the comparison with Czech original and there is demonstrated by a summary what language means are used in Czech language to express such anaphoric links.
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Sele, Morten. "Defining public relations in New Zealand through its history and practice. Dissertation in partial completion of Master of International Communication COMM 9181 /." Diss., 2006. http://www.coda.ac.nz/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1006&context=unitec_comm_di.
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Zíková, Magdalena. "Gramatikalizační potenciál anaforické funkce lexému ten v mluvených narativech." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-367980.
Full textAbstract:
In my Ph.D. thesis, I examine the use of referential devices in spoken narrative discourse with predominant anaphoric reference. Special attention is paid to the relationship between two competing forms: lexical phrases containing the lexeme ten (ten-MARKED NPs) and lexical phrases not containing it (UNMARKED NPs) in repeated mentions. A primary aim of the work is (i) to identify factors favouring the use of ten-marked NPs at the expense of unmarked NPs and (ii) to explore the possibility of the lexeme ten grammaticalizing from its anaphoric use. Theoretically and methodologically I benefit mostly from the conception of discourse anaphora and the theory of grammaticalization. The referential devices are systematically explored in terms of their distribution into different classes according to a set of parameters and their values. These parameters reflect the conceptual (animacy), grammatical (syntactic function, type of clause etc.) as well as discourse characteristics of the forms and their referents (informational status of the NP in the clause, activation and persistence of the referent, etc.). The data consist of 45 short narratives produced by 15 speakers. The speakers' task was to retell three short silent-movie sketches which they had seen immediately before the recording. The design of the...
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Booysen, R. J. "'n Ondersoek na die definisie van bedryfsvereistes kragtens Artikel 213 en die begrip "billike rede" kragtens Artikel 188(1)(a)(ii) van Wet op Arbeidsverhoudinge, Wet 66 van 1995." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4280.
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Marimba, Fineza Pinto. "Aquisição de artigos em português língua segunda por falantes de língua materna kikongo." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/20095.
Full textAbstract:
O presente trabalho tem como objeto de estudo a aquisição de artigos por falantes de
português de Angola (PA) L2, falantes nativos de kikongo, língua do grupo bantu sem
artigos. Propusemo-nos a testar a Hipótese de Interface (Sorace, 2005), que prediz que
os falantes de L2 poderão não adquirir propriedades de interface, ou seja, propriedades
que envolvem dois ou mais módulos da gramática ou de outros domínios cognitivos.
Com o intuito de investigar se os falantes nativos de kikongo adquirem as propriedades
semânticas e pragmático-discursivas de uso dos artigos definidos e indefinidos,
utilizámos uma tarefa de produção induzida e uma de juízos de valor de verdade, que
aplicámos a três grupos: falantes de PA L2 de nível avançado (grupo de teste), falantes
de PA L1 e falantes de português europeu L1 (grupos de controlo). Os resultados
evidenciam que, a par de falantes de outras línguas sem artigos, os falantes nativos de
kikongo, português L2, recorrem a estratégias de omissão e sobretudo a estratégias de
substituição de artigos, apresentando maiores dificuldades no uso de indefinido do que
de definido, sendo os indefinidos os artigos com que mais ocorrem desvios. Conclui-se,
em relação aos falantes de PA L2, que as propriedades de interface associadas ao artigo
não foram plenamente adquiridas. Quanto aos informantes de PA L1, concluímos que a
situação de contacto linguístico e o tipo de input a que esses falantes têm acesso pode
ter desencadeado o comportamento divergente, em relação à norma europeia.The present study focuses on the acquisition of articles by L2 speakers of the variety of Portuguese spoken in Angola (PA), who are native speakers of Kikongo, an articles Bantu language. We assume the Interface Hypothesis (Sorace, 2005), which predicts that L2 speakers may not acquire interface properties, i.e., properties which involve two or more grammatical components, or components of the grammar and other cognitive domains. Our goal was to investigate whether L1 speakers of Kikongo acquire the semantic and discourse-pragmatic properties which determine the use of definite and indefinite articles. The study was based on an elicited production task and a truth value judgement task, and we collected data from three groups: advanced learners of L2 PA (our experimental group), speakers of L1 PA and speakers of L1 European Portuguese (our control groups). The results show that, similarly to L1 speakers of other articless languages, L1 speakers of Kikongo resort to strategies of omission and (predominantly) substitution, particularly with indefinite articles. This indicates that these learners have more difficulties in their use of indefinite articles than in their use of definite ones. Hence, regarding the L2 learners of PA, we conclude that the interface properties which determine the use of articles have not been fully acquired. As for the speakers of L1 PA, we argue that the situation of language contact and the type of input which these speakers are exposed to may explain the divergent behaviour which they exhibit when compared to the European norm.