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Journal articles on the topic 'Definite'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Jenks, Peter. "Articulated Definiteness without Articles." Linguistic Inquiry 49, no. 3 (July 2018): 501–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling_a_00280.

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While it lacks a definite article, Mandarin makes a principled distinction between unique and anaphoric definites: unique definites are realized with a bare noun, and anaphoric definites are realized with a demonstrative, except in subject position. The following proposals account for these facts: (a) bare nouns achieve definite interpretations via a last-resort type-shifting operator ι, which has a unique definite meaning; (b) demonstratives can occur as anaphoric definites because they have a semantic argument beyond their nominal restriction that can be filled by an index; and (c) bare nominal subjects are topics. A principle called Index! requires that indexical expressions be used whenever possible. Mandarin is contrasted with Cantonese, which, like English, is shown to have access to an ambiguous definite article.

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2

Ojeda, Almerindo E. "Definite descriptions and definite generics." Linguistics and Philosophy 14, no. 4 (August 1991): 367–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00630922.

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3

KOLLIAKOU, DIMITRA. "Monadic definites and polydefinites: their form, meaning and use." Journal of Linguistics 40, no. 2 (July 2004): 263–323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226704002531.

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This paper focuses on two types of definites in Greek – MONADICS and POLYDEFINITES – and provides a constraint-based account of their form, meaning and use. Specifically, I discuss three core issues that have not been addressed in previous work. First, the special pragmatic import of polydefinites. These are associated with contextual constraints that go beyond the uniqueness entailments of standard (monadic) definites. Their idiosyncratic morphosyntax achieves effects similar to those induced in other languages solely by prosodic means and illustrated by phenomena subsumed within the term DEACCENTING. Second, the morphosyntax of definites. I argue that the Greek definite article can be best analysed as a PHRASALAFFIX, and provide a composition approach in the spirit of previous work couched in HPSG. Monadics and polydefinites are treated uniformly, without positing unmotivated complexity in the grammar for deriving the form of the latter. The definite concord and linear order facts that pose problems for previous analyses are directly derived and the morphosyntactic affinity between the Greek definite article and ‘weak form’ possessive is straightforwardly captured. Third, the semantics of definites. A quantificational semantics is provided that ensures that the semantic content of the definite article in polydefinites is integrated into the meaning of the sentence just once. Polydefinites are, therefore, semantically identical to monadics; the special import of the former originates from a contextual constraint on the anchoring of the index that interacts with the common morphosyntactic and semantic basis.

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4

Anderson, Richard M. "DEFINITE." Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis 11, no. 6 (November 2002): 345–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mcda.336.

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5

Aguilar-Guevara, Ana, and Joost Zwarts. "Weak definites and reference to kinds." Semantics and Linguistic Theory, no. 20 (April 3, 2015): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v0i20.2583.

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Weak definite NPs do not presuppose the existence of uniquely identifiable entities. In addition, they display a range of other peculiar properties such as sloppy readings in VPs ellipsis, narrow scope interpretations, lexical restrictions and enriched meaning. In order to account for these, in this paper we analyze weak definites as expressions that refer to the same sort of kind individuals that definite generics refer to. We propose that the combination of weak definites with object- level predicates is made possible by a lexical rule that lifts object-level relations to ‘enriched’ kind-level relations.

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6

Aguilar-Guevara, Ana, and Joost Zwarts. "Weak definites and reference to kinds." Semantics and Linguistic Theory 20 (August 14, 2010): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v20i0.2583.

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Weak definite NPs do not presuppose the existence of uniquely identifiable entities. In addition, they display a range of other peculiar properties such as sloppy readings in VPs ellipsis, narrow scope interpretations, lexical restrictions and enriched meaning. In order to account for these, in this paper we analyze weak definites as expressions that refer to the same sort of kind individuals that definite generics refer to. We propose that the combination of weak definites with object- level predicates is made possible by a lexical rule that lifts object-level relations to ‘enriched’ kind-level relations.

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7

Rastall, Paul. "Definite article or no definite article?" English Today 11, no. 2 (April 1995): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078400008257.

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8

Lima-Salles, Heloisa Maria Moreira, and Adriana Cristina Chan-Vianna. "Estudo da interlíngua de surdos usuários de Língua de Sinais Brasileira na aquisição de português (L2): nominais nus e definidos genéricos (Study of the interlanguage of deafs, users of Brazilian Sign Language, in the acquisition of Brazilian Portuguese )." Estudos da Língua(gem) 8, no. 1 (June 30, 2010): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.22481/el.v8i1.1122.

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O estudo examina a interlíngua de surdos (usuários de Língua de Sinais Brasileira) aprendizes de português como segunda língua, considerando, em particular, a manifestação de definidos genéricos (no singular e no plural) e de nominais nus (no singular). A alta frequência de nominal nu no singular é analisada como transferência de L1, já que a LSB não possui artigos. Partindo-se da hipótese de que a categoria de número é interpretável no DP definido genérico, propõe-se que o desenvolvimento linguístico ocorre mediante o mapeamento de propriedades morfo(fono)lógicas do artigo definido (plural) na projeção do núcleo funcional Número. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Aquisição de língua. Língua de sinais brasileira. Português L2. Definido genérico. Nominal nu.ABSTRACT The study examines the interlanguage of deafs (users of the Brazilian Sign Language) learning Portuguese as a second language. In particular, the manifestation of bare nominals (in the singular) and definite generics (in the singular and in the plural) is taken into consideration. The high frequency of singular bare nouns is analysed as L1 transfer, given that LSB does not have (definite) articles. Assuming that number is an interpretable feature on the generic definite DP, it is proposed that the linguistic development takes place through the syntactic mapping of morpho(phono)logical properties of the (plural) definite article on the functional head Number. KEYWORDS: Language acquisition. Brazilian Sign Language. L2 Portuguese. Definite generics. Bare noun.

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9

Neal, Anissa, and Brian Dillon. "Definitely Islands? Experimental investigation of definite islands." Experiments in Linguistic Meaning 1 (July 30, 2021): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/elm.1.4885.

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Experimental work on islands has used formal acceptability judgment studies to quantify the severity of different island violations. This current study uses this approach to probe the (in-)violability of definite islands, an understudied island, in offline and online measures. We conducted two acceptability judgment studies and find a modest island effect. However, rating distributions appear bimodal across definites and indefinites. We also conducted a self-paced reading experiment, but found no sig- nificant effects. Overall, offline, definite islands differ from other uniform islands, but online, the results are more complicated.

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10

Bombi, Carla. "Definiteness in Akan: Familiarity and uniqueness revisited." Semantics and Linguistic Theory 28 (October 15, 2018): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v28i0.4406.

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In the recent semantic literature, Akan is viewed as a language that distinguishes between uniqueness definites and familiarity definites (Schwarz 2009, 2013), following a proposal by Arkoh & Matthewson (2013). Based on a re-examination of previous evidence and on novel fieldwork data, this paper argues that this distinction is not supported in Akan. A novel analysis is put forward, in which the overt determiners in this language have a similar distribution to that of English the and that. Differences between English the and the Akan article nó are attributed to the availability of a definite bare noun, which is a competitor to the overt definite in Akan. The paper shows that definiteness distinctions cannot always be reduced to a uniqueness–familiarity dichotomy, and points to a more articulated view of definites cross-linguistically.

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11

Purnawati, Ketut Widya, Ketut Artawa, and Ni Luh Putu Krisnawati. "STRATEGI PEMARKAHAN KEDEFINITAN DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA/DEFINITENESS MARKING STRATEGIES IN INDONESIAN." Aksara 33, no. 1 (July 12, 2021): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.29255/aksara.v33i1.563.121-134.

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AbstrakBahasa Indonesia tidak memiliki pemarkah kedefinitan yang khusus. Namun, bahasa Indonesia memiliki sejumlah kata yang dapat berfungsi sebagai pemarkah nomina. Penelitian ini berfokus pada fungsi pemarkah nomina dalam bahasa Indonesia sebagai pemarkah kedefinitan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode penelitian agih dengan teknik utamanya, yaitu teknik bagi unsur langsung. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan metode simak dengan bersumber pada korpus corpora leipzig dan sejumlah teks fiksi berupa novel dan kumpulan cerita pendek. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahasa Indonesia memiliki sejumlah pemarkah nomina berupa (1) demonstrativa dasar, ini dan itu; (2) demonstrativa turunan begini dan demikian; (3) keterangan waktu yang berperilaku sebagai nomina, tadi; (4) verba tersebut; (5) artikula, si dan sang. Selain artikula, semua pemarkah nomina muncul setelah nomina yang dimarkahi. Dari pemarkah nomina yang telah teridentifikasi tersebut, ada lima pemarkah nomina yang dapat berfungsi sebagai pemarkah kedefinitan, yaitu ini, itu, tadi, tersebut, dan si. Berkaitan dengan strategi pemarkahan kedefinitan dalam bahasa Indonesia, ditemukan pula bahwa bahasa Indonesia mengijinkan adanya pemarkah definit ganda dan juga mengijinkan pengulangan nomina definit tanpa pemarkah pada penyebutan ulang setelah penyebutan nomina berpemarkah definit.Kata kunci: relasi anaforis, pemarkah nomina, demonstrativa, pemarkah definit, kedefinitan AbstractIndonesian language does not have a special definit marker. However, the Indonesian language has a number of words that can function as noun markers. This study focuses on the function of noun markers in Indonesian as definite markers. This research is a qualitative descriptive research by using distributional methods with parapharase technique as the main techniques. Data were collected using a note-taking method from the Leipzig corpora and a number of fictional texts in the form of novels and short story collections. The results show that the Indonesian language has a number of noun markers in the form of (1) basic demonstrative, ini and itu; (2) derived demonstrative, begini and demikian; (3) temporal adverbia that behaves like a noun, tadi, (4) verb tersebut; (5) article, si and sang. Based on the noun markers that have been identified, there are five noun markers that can be used as definite markers, those are ini, itu, tadi, tersebut, dan si. It was also found that Indonesian allows the occurrence of double definite markers and also allows the repetition of definite nouns without any marker for the following occurrence of the nouns with definite marker(s). Keywords: Anaphoric relation, noun marker, demonstrative, definite marker, definiteness

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12

Ionin, Tania, Soondo Baek, Eunah Kim, Heejeong Ko, and Kenneth Wexler. "That’s not so different fromthe: Definite and demonstrative descriptions in second language acquisition." Second Language Research 28, no. 1 (January 2012): 69–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267658311432200.

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This article investigates how adult Korean-speaking learners of English interpret English definite descriptions ( the book, the books) and demonstrative descriptions ( that book, those books). Korean lacks articles, but has demonstratives, and it is hypothesized that transfer leads learners to (initially) equate definites with demonstratives. Following J Hawkins (1991) , Roberts (2002) and Wolter (2006) , it is assumed that definite and demonstrative descriptions have the same central semantics of uniqueness, but differ in the domain relative to which uniqueness is computed: while the book denotes the unique book in the discourse, that book denotes the unique book in the immediately salient situation. A written elicited production task and a picture-based comprehension task are used to examine whether Korean-speaking learners of English are aware of this distinction. The results indicate that learners distinguish definites and demonstratives, but not as strongly as native English speakers; low-proficiency learners are particularly likely to interpret definite descriptions analogously to demonstrative descriptions, in both tasks. These results pose interesting conceptual and methodological questions for further research into the second language acquisition of article semantics.

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13

Velickovic, Marta. "Specificity, definiteness, and l2 article production in the l1 serbian /l2 english linguistic environment." Forum 1, no. 1-2 (December 2019): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/forum19.153v.

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Since little research exists on English L2 article production in the Serbian linguistic environment, the goal of this descriptive study was to identify anytrends in L2 article production,as they pertain to definiteness and specificity (following Ionin et al., 2004). In order to measure this production, four contexts were defined based on the following two semantic features: [±specific] and [±definite]. Considering that Serbian is a language with no article system, and a language that codes specificity (Trenkic 2002, 2004), unlikeEnglish which codes definiteness, combinations of these features should indicate particular contexts that may not only identify any possible patterns in the L2 article production of this segment of the population, but also prove useful as a foundation for further research, and the study of the effects that information of this kind could have on L2 instruction. Based on the findings of previous research, most article substitution and article omission errors are expected in the [+definite, ‐specific] and [‐definite, +specific] contexts. The current results indicated that the sample of participants has a strong tendency of overusing the definite article with indefinites, and to a lesser extent the indefinite article with definites. Furthermore, some unexpected fluctuations were noted in the [+definite +specific] and [‐ definite ‐specific] contexts, indicating that the participants have not yet consistently adopted either the category definiteness or specificity.

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14

Jaye, Nathan. "Definite Uncertainty." CFA Institute Magazine 26, no. 3 (May 2015): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2469/cfm.v26.n3.9.

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15

Capone, Alessandro. "Definite descriptions." Journal of Pragmatics 77 (February 2015): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2014.12.003.

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16

Head, Bryan. "Definite/Indefinite." New England Review 40, no. 4 (2019): 160–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ner.2019.0118.

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17

Daniels, Charles B. "Definite descriptions." Studia Logica 49, no. 1 (March 1990): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00401556.

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18

Espinal, M. Teresa, and Sonia Cyrino. "The definite article in Romance expletives and long weak definites." Glossa: a journal of general linguistics 2, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.160.

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19

Töllis, Theodore. "On means of positive definite matrices." Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal 37, no. 4 (1987): 628–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21136/cmj.1987.102190.

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20

Snape, Neal. "Definite generic vs. definite unique in L2 acquisition." Journal of the European Second Language Association 2, no. 1 (August 31, 2018): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22599/jesla.46.

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21

Ma, Na Huang and Changfeng. "Positive Definite and Semi-Definite Splitting Methods for Non-Hermitian Positive Definite Linear Systems." Journal of Computational Mathematics 34, no. 3 (June 2016): 300–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/jcm.1511-m2015-0299.

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22

Harisha, Dewan. "Training Patient for Definite Treatment with the Pre-Definitive Treatment Prosthesis or the Rehabilitation Device - A Case Report." Case Reports in Dental Science 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.46619/crds.2020.1-1009.

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Severe morphological changes and the reduction of the residual ridge in old denture wearers can pose major challenges like providing optimum retention, stability, support and restoring the lost vertical dimensions in the new dentures. In addition, wearing such dentures with decreased or poor function can impair mastication and lead to harmful effects on the nutritional status of the patients. A rehabilitation device, often called a transitional denture or pre-definitive treatment prosthesis often provides a fine springboard from which to construct the second set of dentures. The present case report describes a method to restore the lost occlusal vertical dimension with a pre-definitive treatment prosthesis using the old complete dentures for a patient for him to adapt to the changes before the fabrication of the new complete dentures.

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23

Biswas, Priyanka. "Reanalyzing Definiteness in Bangla." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 38 (September 25, 2012): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v38i0.3270.

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<p>Definite descriptions in Bangla are expressed via two morpho-syntactic patterns, namely the bare classifier and the bare noun, discussed in detail in Simpson et al. 2011. The bare classifier form consists of a noun phrase and a classifier without a numeral, syntactically derived by NP-movement across the classifier (“NP-raising”). In the bare noun form, there is no classifier or a numeral accompanying the NP. In this paper, I argue that two factors, “anaphoricity” and “uniqueness”, play important roles in the selection of the pattern of the definite expression in Bangla. The NP-raising structure is used exclusively in anaphoric contexts, and shows similar properties to “strong article” definites cross-linguistically (cf. Schwarz 2009). Uniqueness-based definites are expressed by bare nouns, which are otherwise similar in distribution to the “weak article” definites (Schwarz 2009). This paper contributes to our overall understanding of definiteness in Bangla, and of the cross-linguistic expression of anaphoricity and uniqueness aspects of definiteness.</p>

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24

Higham, Nicholas J., D. Steven Mackey, and Françoise Tisseur. "Definite Matrix Polynomials and their Linearization by Definite Pencils." SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications 31, no. 2 (January 2009): 478–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/080721406.

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25

Hazo, Samuel. "One Definite Mozart." Renascence 45, no. 1 (1992): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/renascence1992/1993451/225.

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26

Starr, Norton. "Estimating Definite Integrals." College Mathematics Journal 36, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/30044822.

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27

Borik, Olga, and M. Teresa Espinal. "On definite kinds1." Recherches linguistiques de Vincennes, no. 41 (September 1, 2012): 123–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/rlv.2104.

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28

Ortigueira, Manuel, and José Machado. "Fractional Definite Integral." Fractal and Fractional 1, no. 1 (July 2, 2017): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract1010002.

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29

Chung, Jaeyoung, Soon-Yeong Chung, and Dohan Kim. "Positive definite hyperfunctions." Nagoya Mathematical Journal 140 (December 1995): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0027763000005456.

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30

Swan, Michael. "The definite article." New Scientist 212, no. 2834 (October 2011): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(11)62528-1.

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31

Hamilton, E. I. "A definite maybe." Nature 346, no. 6282 (July 1990): 325–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/346325a0.

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32

Munro, Pamela. "A Definite Mystery." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 33, no. 2 (November 8, 2007): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v33i2.3504.

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33

Fintushel, Ronald, and Ronald J. Stern. "Definite 4-manifolds." Journal of Differential Geometry 28, no. 1 (1988): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4310/jdg/1214442163.

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34

Lawrence, Christopher. "‘Definite and Material’." Hospital Practice 27, no. 8 (August 15, 1992): 175–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21548331.1992.11705475.

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35

&NA;. "Tianeptine - definite advantages." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 821 (January 1992): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199208210-00033.

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36

Glasser, M. L. "A Definite Integral." SIAM Review 29, no. 1 (March 1987): 122–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/1029007.

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37

Glasser, M. L. "A Definite Integral." SIAM Review 30, no. 1 (March 1988): 130–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/1030013.

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38

Herron, I. "Two Definite Integrals." SIAM Review 32, no. 1 (March 1990): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/1032004.

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39

Ortner, Norbert. "A Definite Integral." SIAM Review 36, no. 3 (September 1994): 490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/1036108.

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40

Glasser, M. L., J. Boersma, and P. J. de Doelder. "A Definite Integral." SIAM Review 36, no. 4 (December 1994): 656. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/1036149.

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41

Soames, Scott. "Incomplete definite descriptions." Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 27, no. 3 (July 1986): 349–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1305/ndjfl/1093636680.

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42

Marlow, D. W. "A DEFINITE(?) MAYBE." American Speech 83, no. 3 (September 1, 2008): 364–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00031283-2008-026.

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43

Ikramov, Kh D., and N. V. Savel'eva. "Conditionally definite matrices." Journal of Mathematical Sciences 98, no. 1 (January 2000): 1–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02355379.

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44

Schulman, L. S. "Definite quantum measurements." Annals of Physics 212, no. 2 (December 1991): 315–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-4916(91)90119-s.

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45

Meenakshi, Ar. "On the partial ordering of almost definite matrices." Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal 39, no. 1 (1989): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21136/cmj.1989.102289.

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46

李, 洪亮. "A Note on the Teaching Method of Definite of Definite Integral." Advances in Education 10, no. 02 (2020): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ae.2020.102020.

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47

Sasvári, Zoltán. "On the Measurability of Positive Definite and Conditionally Positive Definite Functions." Mathematische Nachrichten 125, no. 1 (1986): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mana.19861250118.

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48

Fiedler, Miroslav, and Vlastimil Pták. "A new positive definite geometric mean of two positive definite matrices." Linear Algebra and its Applications 251 (January 1997): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-3795(95)00540-4.

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49

AL-HOMIDAN, SULIMAN. "Semi–definite programming for the nearest circulant semi–definite matrix problem." Carpathian Journal of Mathematics 37, no. 1 (February 5, 2021): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37193/cjm.2021.01.02.

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"Positive semi–definite circulant matrices arise in many important applications. The problem arises in various applications where the data collected in a matrix do not maintain the specified structure as is expected in the original system. The task is to retrieve useful information while maintaining the underlying physical feasibility often necessitates search for a good structured approximation of the data matrix. This paper construct structured circulant positive semi–definite matrix that is nearest to a given data matrix. The problem is converted into a semi–definite programming problem as well as a problem comprising a semi–defined program and second-order cone problem. The duality and optimality conditions are obtained and the primal-dual algorithm is outlined. Some of the numerical issues involved will be addressed including unsymmetrical of the problem. Computational results are presented."

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50

Sadler, Louisa, and Maris Camilleri. "Free relatives in Maltese." Brill’s Journal of Afroasiatic Languages and Linguistics 10, no. 1 (May 15, 2018): 115–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18766633-00901001.

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Abstract This paper makes a contribution to our understanding of free relative clauses (frcs) in Maltese, in particular so-called plain, standard or non -ever free relative clauses. We demonstrate that such frcs are interpreted as definites, consistent with the findings in much previous literature on other languages. However, we also show that Maltese has not one but two strategies for plain (realis or definite) frcs: alongside frcs formed using a wh-word we also find frcs introduced by the complementising element li, inconsistent with the seemingly widespread assumption that frcs necessarily involve a wh-word. Both strategies give rise to definite interpretations. Additionally, we argue that definite or realis wh-frcs are to be distinguished from a different (but apparently structurally identical) type, the so-called irrealis free relative clause or modal existential construction, which has not been previously identified for Maltese. We show that this subset of free relatives exhibit the properties associated with the modal existential construction crosslinguistically. We then demonstrate the existence of a subtype of headed relative clauses in Maltese which also share a number of the properties which we identify in the Maltese modal existential construction.

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