Academic literature on the topic 'Definition of terrorism'

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Journal articles on the topic "Definition of terrorism"

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Coteño Muñoz, Alejandro. "Terrorismo individual = Individual terrorism." EUNOMÍA. Revista en Cultura de la Legalidad, no. 15 (October 1, 2018): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/eunomia.2018.4356.

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Resumen: Los atentados perpetrados por actores solitarios en los últimos años han despertado el interés del legislador por la figura del terrorismo individual. No obstante, aunque este se regula en las últimas reformas penales, no se ha dispuesto una definición del mismo en términos positivos, sino que ésta únicamente se dispone en términos negativos con respecto al terrorismo colectivo. Así las cosas, en este trabajo se delinean los criterios para determinar cuándo un acto de terrorismo entra dentro del terrorismo individual y se aplican estas herramientas en tres casos paradigmáticos de lo generalmente conocido como “lobo solitario”. Por último, se aportan tres clasificaciones diferentes del terrorista individual a fin de apuntalar una base sólida que permita una aproximación a sus distintos niveles de peligrosidad criminal.Palabras clave: Terrorismo individual, organización terrorista, grupo terrorista, lobos solitarios, pertenencia.Abstract: The attacks perpetrated on recent years by lone actors have aroused the interest of the lawmaker for the concept of individual terrorism. However, although it has been regulated in the last criminal reforms, a definition of it has not been positivized, a definition of it has not been provided in positive terms, but only in negative terms regarding collective terrorism. In this context, this study outlines the criteria to determine when an act of terrorism falls into individual terrorism and these tools are applied to three paradigmatic cases of what is generally known as lone wolves. Finally, three different classifications of the individual terrorist are provided to underpin a solid basis for an approach to their different levels of criminal dangerousness.Keywords: Individual terrorism, terrorist organization, terrorist group, lone wolves, membership.
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Tofangsaz, Hamed. "Terrorism or not terrorism? Whose money are we looking for?" Journal of Financial Crime 22, no. 3 (July 6, 2015): 378–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-02-2014-0005.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the counter-terrorism financing regime provides a solid platform for a better understanding of who should be considered terrorists or what forms terrorism, terrorist acts and terrorist groups, the financing of which is the subject matter. In the absence of an internationally agreed definition of terrorism, the question which needs to be posed is whether there is a clear and common understanding of what constitutes terrorism, terrorist acts and terrorist groups, the financing of which needs to be stopped. That is, from a criminal law perspective, whether the Terrorist Financing Convention, as the backbone of the counter-terrorist financing regime, clarifies what types of conduct, by who, in what circumstances and when, against whom (targets or victims) and with what intention or motivation should be considered terrorism? Design/methodology/approach – It will be explained how and why it has been difficult to reach an agreement on the definition of terrorism. The endeavour of the drafters of the Terrorist Financing Convention and others involved in countering terrorist financing to establish a general definition of terrorism will be examined. Findings – The record of attempts to define the elements of terrorism proves that it is hardly possible to reach an agreement on a generic definition of terrorism because the concept of terrorism is elusive and subject to various understandings. Even the definition provided by the Terrorist Financing Convention, is not convincing. Originality/value – With regard to the findings, this paper calls for further research on the legal consequences of the implementation of the terrorist financing-counter measures, while the scope of terrorism, terrorist acts and terrorist organizations have been left vague.
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Möttö, Jessica. "International Terrorism: What are the Current Legal Challenges in Bringing Terrorists to Justice?" Groningen Journal of International Law 4, no. 1 (July 15, 2016): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21827/59db68e6ad2da.

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International terrorism has faced a definitional deadlock. While various international conventions have emerged condemning acts of terrorism and states have enacted counterterrorism legislation, a single universal definition on the crime of terrorism has yet to be agreed upon. The cause of a definitional deadlock can be boiled down to the famous idea that one man’s terrorist is another man’s freedom fighter thus; acts seen as justified by some are viewed as crimes by others. Few individuals labelled as terrorists would call themselves as such. However, both the International Criminal Court (ICC) as well as domestic courts are affected by the definitional deadlock. Despite extensive discussions on the inclusion of terrorism within the Rome Statute, the lack of a commonly agreeable definition on terrorism eventually made the inclusion impossible. Therefore, the ICC can only bring terrorists to justice when acts of genocide, crimes against humanity or war crimes have occurred. On the other hand, states rely on co-operation, mutual trust and the exchange of information when prosecuting international terrorists. Due to the lack of a common definition on terrorism, states have taken fragmented approaches and counterterrorism strategies vary considerably between states. While in some states no counterterrorism measures exist at all, other states have taken on considerably broad laws. This makes effective cross-border co-operation challenging or even impossible. Conclusively, reaching a common definition on a crime of international terrorism cannot be stressed enough. It will allow for a new discussion to take place with regards to the creation of a crime of terrorism in the Rome Statute. Furthermore, state authorities would be restricted in the use of overly broad legislation as national laws can be harmonised to a greater extend.
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Hodgson, Jacqueline S., and Victor Tadros. "The Impossibility of Defining Terrorism." New Criminal Law Review 16, no. 3 (2013): 494–526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nclr.2013.16.3.494.

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The legal definition of terrorism has very high importance. This is so both because it determines which actions count as acts of terrorism, and hence who is regarded as a terrorist, but also because the definition of terrorism triggers a range of controversial extensions of police and prosecutorial powers. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the central dilemmas that must be confronted to develop an adequate definition of terrorism. These include the questions of whether acts count as acts of terrorism only if they have a particular political purpose, what acts are sufficiently harmful to count as acts of terrorism, whether acts of terrorism are distinguished by the identity of those targeted, whether acts of terrorism are distinguished by the methods that terrorists use, and the importance of the identity of the terrorists themselves. It examines a range of legal definitions across jurisdictions in the light of the framework developed. It is argued that there is no prospect for a fully adequate definition of terrorism: the definition will inevitably be over-inclusive. A number of reasons explain this, but the central one is that courts lack the expertise to distinguish adequately legitimate political resistance from terrorism. Tensions that this problem has created in the case law are explored, not only in the criminal law, but also in the civil law. We then briefly examine the extent to which the discretion of officials can ameliorate this problem, highlighting the weakness of this solution. Overall, we conclude, disappointingly, that the standards that we ought to find in other areas of criminal justice cannot be met in the area of terrorism.
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Starodubtseva, Mariya. "SOME ASPECTS OF THE DEFINITION OF THE TERM "TERRORISM"." Legal Linguistics, no. 16 (27) (July 1, 2020): 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/leglin(2020)1603.

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The article reveals the lack of accuracy in the definition of the legal term "terrorism" and highlights a number of problems related to this definition. In particular, the author substantiates the need for a clear legal definition of groups of persons targeted by an act of terrorism; it is proved that none of the existing definitions – "civilians", "persons considered innocent" and "non – combatants" - allows us to give an exhaustive definition of the phenomenon. It is noted that the existing definitions of terrorism are incomplete due to insufficient coverage of violent acts of crime. An important unrecorded parameter of the definition of "terrorism" is the factor of publicity of a violent action. In addition, there is need to distinguish between terrorists who are essentially combatants engaged in war and terrorists who are not combatants.
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Cutrale, Elisabetta. "El terrorismo yihadista = The jihadist terrorism." UNIVERSITAS. Revista de Filosofía, Derecho y Política, no. 30 (June 25, 2019): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/universitas.2019.4837.

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RESUMEN: En el escrito, después de una introducción general para comprender la problemática del mundo islámico y aclarar algunas definiciones, se lleva a cabo una investigación sobre el fenómeno del terrorismo yihadista, empezando con un breve excursus sobre el debate en torno a la definición de terrorismo internacional. Posteriormente, se analiza la estrutura del Estado islámico y cómo ha evolucionado durante la ultima década, el concepto de radicalización y, considerando diferentes estudios y estadísticas, intenta aclararse cuales puedan ser las causas de la desviación terrorista, llegando a la conclusión que se trata de un fenómeno complejo que implica un análisis de diferentes cuestiones tanto históricas, como sociales y psicológicas.ABSTRACT: Following a general introduction to understand the issues of the Islamic world and the meaning of some key words, the writing carries out an investigation into the phenomenon of the jihadist terrorism. Beginning with a brief on the debate on the definition of international terrorism, the article looks into the islamic state system, its evolucion during the last period and the increasing of violent radicalization. Considering severals studies and statistics, it tries to clarify the causes of the terrorist deviation, reaching the conclusion that it is a complex phenomenon that embraces historical, social and psychological matters. PALABRAS CLAVE: terrorismo, fundamentalismo islámico, violenta radicalización, terrorista, IslamKEYWORDS: terrorism, islamic fundamentalism, violent radicalization, terrorist, Islam
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Sürücü, Hüseyin. "Terörizm Olgusuna Schrödinger’in Kedisi Olarak Bakmak." Üsküdar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 7, no. 13 (November 2021): 375–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.32739/uskudarsbd.7.13.94.

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A partial agreement has been reached on the definitions of terror and terrorism in the literature. Despite this, incompatibilities on the concepts of terrorist and terrorist organization continue. The points of disagreement in the definition of these concepts will continue. This article aims to reveal that the definitions of terrorism cannot be the same even if they converge, through general relativity theory from the perspective of reality of critical realism. The study argues that the phenomenon of terrorism can be defined with an ontological approach. In this direction, the study aims to contribute to the unity of science and literature in order to establish a partnership in the definition of terrorism.
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Barczak, Tristan. "Terrorisierte Legislative und das Lemma des Terrorismus oder: Der Wandel einer politischen Vokabel zum Rechtsbegriff." Kritische Vierteljahresschrift für Gesetzgebung und Rechtswissenschaft 102, no. 4 (2019): 362–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/2193-7869-2019-4-362.

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Up until very recently, the term »terrorism« was unknown in German law. Although »terrorism« has been an integral part of the political vocabulary in the field of internal and judicial policy for decades, it was unheard-of in the German legal system. As a legal concept, criterion or normative approach it did not exist, neither in constitutional law nor in ordinary statutory law (Criminal law/Police law). Meanwhile, however, terrorist threats and terrorist offenses are leaving a mark on German legislature. If a »terrorised legislator« embeds the term into the law for the first time, a precise legal definition of terrorism is indispensable. This is because it determines which actions count as »acts of terrorism« as well as who is regarded as a »terrorist«. Moreover the definition of terrorism triggers a range of controversial extensions of police and prosecutorial powers.
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Reitan, Eric. "Defining Terrorism for Public Policy Purposes: The Group-Target Definition." Journal of Moral Philosophy 7, no. 2 (2010): 253–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/174552409x12574076813513.

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AbstractFor the sake of developing and evaluating public policy decisions aimed at combating terrorism, we need a precise public definition of terrorism that distinguishes terrorism from other forms of violence. Ordinary usage does not provide a basis for such a definition, and so it must be stipulative. I propose essentially pragmatic criteria for developing such a stipulative public definition. After noting that definitions previously proposed in the philosophical literature are inadequate based on these criteria, I propose an alternative, which I call the 'group-target' definition and which distinguishes terrorism from other forms of violence by the distinctive principle of discrimination used by terrorists to identify legitimate targets. I argue that this definition meets the criteria for a satisfactory public definition, and suggest that based on it there is good reason to suspect the adequacy of anti-terrorism policies that rely predominantly on forceful interdiction of terrorists.
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Frizzera, Guilherme, and José Maria de Souza Junior. "Tipificando o terrorismo no Congresso brasileiro: os projetos de lei e literatura acadêmica/Typifying terrorism in the Brazilian Congress: the bills and academic literature." Brazilian Journal of International Relations 4, no. 1 (May 7, 2015): 111–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.36311/2237-7743.2015.v4n1.08.p111.

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O presente estudo se debruça sobre a temática da tipificação de terrorismo no poder legislativo brasileiro. O assunto envolve certa complexidade à medida não há consenso sobre a definição do próprio termo. Portanto, o artigo resgata algumas definições da academia acerca do que vem a ser terrorismo, ressaltando dois aspectos importantes: por um lado, é necessário que haja uma definição para que os agentes de segurança possam enquadrar práticas terroristas como crime; por outro, a atribuição de terrorismo se faz pejorativa, uma vez que um grupo pode designar outro grupo ou uma prática como terrorista ou não dependendo de interesses políticos e da rivalidade de grupos existente em um contexto político-social. A partir dos conceitos da academia e de organizações que tem o terrorismo como preocupação pertinente, pode-se considerar que duas dimensões operam na tarefa de defini-lo: as motivações subjetivas das ações e os métodos pelo qual tais ações são conduzidas. Tomando como metodologia a análise das definições sobre terrorismo e análise documental dos projetos de lei no legislativo brasileiro sobre o tema e, posteriormente, a comparação entre os dois tipos de análise conclui-se que o projeto que provavelmente vá para votação no Congresso deixa de lado a dimensão da motivação subjetiva para definir práticas terroristas e considera apenas a metodologia do ato como critério para definir terrorismo. Palavras-Chaves: Terrorismo; Brasil; Tipificação; Projeto de Lei Abstract: This research focuses on the typification of terrorism in the legislative power in Brazil. The issue involves complexity for there is no consensus about the definition of the term itself. Therefore, the article brings some academic definitions regarding what terrorism really is. These definitions highlight two aspects: on the one hand, it is necessary to have a definition for the security agents to consider the practices as a type of crime and punish them; on the other hand, the attribution of the term to a group or act is pejorative, once one group might call another group or a practice terrorist or terrorism depending on political interests and on group rivalry in a political and social context. From the concepts developed in the academy and in groups which have the terrorism as a preoccupation, it is possible to consider two dimensions that operate in the task of defining it: the subjective motivations of the actions and the methods in which such actions are performed. Having as methodology the analysis of the definitions on terrorism, the documentary analysis of the bills of Law in the Brazilian legislative on the same issue and the comparison between the two source of analysis, the conclusion is that the probable Bill which is to be approved excludes the subjective motivation dimension to define terrorist practices and considers only the method of the act as criterion to define terrorism.Key Words: Terrorism; Brazil; typing, Bill. DOI: 10.20424/2237-7743/bjir.v4n1p111-134
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Definition of terrorism"

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Vaštakas, Linas. "The definition of terrorism in international law." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130626_184831-12211.

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In light of the widely acknowledged absence of the definition of terrorism in international law and once again unsuccessful attempts to agree on it in April 2013 at the United Nations, this thesis aims to propose such a definition. Chapter One firstly attempts to answer why international law needs to define terrorism. It analyzes international criminalization of terrorism, sectoral anti-terrorism conventions and the obligations to fight terrorism imposed on states by the Security Council. Disagreeing with the views expressed by Rosalyn Higgins and John Dugard, the author advances arguments how such a definition could help solve problems of efficiency and legitimacy in all these fields. Chapter Two then asks why, if a definition is needed, it does not already exist. The Chapter surveys the major historical attempts to define terrorism, aiming to identify the greatest obstacles and advances to agreeing on a definition. Notably, it finds that the main obstructions were disagreements whether states and national liberation movements can be actors of terrorism. Aside from treaty definitions, the author also analyzes and criticizes the arguments in the 2011 Ayyash judgment by the Special Tribunal for Lebanon over the alleged emergence of a peacetime definition of terrorism in customary international law. Chapter Three then draws on the first two Chapters and analyzes the elements of the definition of terrorism: actors, conduct, intent, targets, motive and scope. It aims to explain... [to full text]
Atsižvelgdamas į plačiai pripažįstamą faktą, kad tarptautinėje teisėje nėra terorizmo apibrėžimo, ir į dar kartą nepavykusius Jungtinių Tautų Organizacijos 2013 m. balandžio mėnesio bandymus dėl jo susitarti, šis darbas siekia pasiūlyti tokį apibrėžimą. Pirmasis skyrius iš pradžių bando paaiškinti, kodėl tarptautinėje teisėje reikalingas terorizmo apibrėžimas. Skyriuje nagrinėjami tokie klausimai kaip tarptautinis terorizmo kriminalizavimas, sektorinės kovos su terorizmu konvencijos ir Saugumo Tarybos valstybėms nustatyti įsipareigojimai kovoti su terorizmu. Prieštaraudamas Rosalyn Higgins ir John Dugard išreikštoms nuomonėms, autorius pateikia argumentus, kaip toks apibrėžimas galėtų išspręsti efektyvaus reguliavimo problemas visose minėtose srityse. Antrasis skyrius tuomet klausia, kodėl, jeigu apibrėžimas reikalingas, jis vis dar neegzistuoja. Skyrius apžvelgia pagrindinius istorinius mėginimus apibrėžti terorizmą, siekdamas nustatyti pagrindines kliūtis ir svarbiausius pasiekimus tariantis dėl apibrėžimo. Autorius atskleidžia, kad pagrindinės kliūtys kilo dėl nesutarimų, ar valstybės ir nacionalinio išsivadavimo judėjimai gali būti terorizmo vykdytojai. Be sutartyse pateikiamų apibrėžimų, autorius nagrinėja ir kritikuoja Specialiojo Tribunolo Libanui 2011 m. Ayyash byloje pateiktus argumentus, kad taikos metu taikomas terorizmo apibrėžimas neva jau susiformavo tarptautinėje paprotinėje teisėje. Trečiajame skyriuje, remiantis pirmųjų dviejų skyrių išvadomis, nagrinėjami... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Rappelant l'absence de la définition du terrorisme en droit international, cette thèse vise à proposer une telle définition. Le Chapitre Un explique le besoin de définir le terrorisme. Par la suite, le Chapitre analyse la criminalisation du terrorisme international, les conventions sectorielles contre le terrorisme et les obligations de combattre le terrorisme imposée par le Conseil de sécurité. En désaccord avec les opinions exprimées par Rosalyn Higgins et John Dugard, l'auteur avance des arguments défendant une telle définition, et expliquant comment elle pourrait contribuer à résoudre les problèmes d'efficacité et de légitimité dans tous ces domaines. Le Chapitre Deux demande alors pourquoi, si une définition est nécessaire, elle n'existe pas. Ce Chapitre examine les principales tentatives historiques pour définir le terrorisme. Il essaie d'identifier les principaux obstacles et avancées à l'accord. On en conclut que les principaux obstacles étaient les désaccords concernant le fait que les Etats et les mouvements de libération nationale puissent être des acteurs du terrorisme. Mis à part les définitions conventionnelles, l'auteur analyse également et critique les arguments de l'arrêt de Ayyash 2011 par le Tribunal spécial pour le Liban sur la prétendue émergence d'une définition du temps de paix du terrorisme en droit international coutumier. Le Chapitre Trois s'appuie ensuite sur les deux premiers chapitres et analyse les éléments de la définition du terrorisme: les... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Gillani, Dayyab. "The definitional dilemma of terrorism : seeking clarity in light of terrorism scholarship." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/12258.

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The understanding of terrorism has thus far been determined not by some independent line of inquiry but instead by a strong interplay between conflicting moral positions. Treated sometimes as a method or tactic and at other times as a distinct form of violence, the true nature of terrorism remains elusive, while a failure to understand it has squarely been blamed on the moral problem. The conceptual and theoretical debate in the field of terrorism studies as a result has not progressed in any meaningful way. Issues that were associated with terrorism when a formal inquiry into the problem was first launched still remain unresolved. Basic questions as to whether terrorism generates fear and if it is possible to identify its victim or perpetrator continue to plague the terrorism discourse. Meanwhile matters that are crucial, such as the widespread tendency to treat terrorism as a tactic, strategy or ideology and the essentially contested character of terrorism scholarship are either ignored or erroneously taken for granted. This thesis will show that our inability to define terrorism is not due to the moral problem as it is made out to be but because of our failure to understand the true nature of terrorism. To accomplish this task, it not only analyzes issues that are regularly contested but also discusses in detail the ones that are trivialized and overlooked. It ultimately concludes that terrorism primarily plays only an auxiliary or a facilitatory role and therefore the key to defining it and understanding its true nature lies in its utility and function.
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Margariti, Styliani. "In search of a definition for international terrorism : balancing sovereignty and cosmopolitanism." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2015. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/240cbfee-a3b1-4b44-a1f0-606c8d93d4a4.

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Kehl, Jones Mariel. "Direito penal (anti)terrorista: limites operativos para sua incriminação." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2015. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4865.

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Da análise da situação experimentada nos Estados democráticos de Direito após os atentados terroristas de 11 de setembro de 2001, ocorrido nos Estados Unidos, verifica-se a adoção de uma série de medidas legislativas e executivas voltadas à luta contra tal criminalidade. As legislações antiterror normalmente inserem-se no contexto do denominado Direito Penal do inimigo, em que se pretende a exclusão do delinquente da sociedade. Entretanto, é preciso encontrar limites operativos da definição de terrorismo de modo a permitir sua incriminação no marco das sociedades democráticas. Para tanto, por meio de uma abordagem fenomenológica, enquanto revisão crítica dos temas centrais transmitidos pela tradição filosófica através da linguagem, adota-se o método monográfico e, enquanto técnica de pesquisa, a documentação indireta, notadamente pesquisa bibliográfica espanhola e norte-americana, bem como análise de propostas legislativas e de textos legislativos, a fim de verificar a situação brasileira sobre o tema. Com isso, analisando o conteúdo do injusto de tal criminalidade, observa-se o ataque a bens jurídicos concretos protegidos pelos crimes comuns, à paz pública e as vias democráticas de tomada de decisões políticas. Assim, o método terrorista deve ter a intimidação massiva como forma de comissão, com violência reiterada e indiscriminada, a comissão de crimes gravíssimos como modo de execução e caráter armado enquanto meio utilizado. Para lograr êxito no ataque aos bens jurídicos, a conduta terrorista deverá ser executada por uma organização, imbuída de uma finalidade política, no sentido de impor uma determinada regulação à margem dos mecanismos democráticos de tomada de decisão política estabelecidos. A partir disso, o método terrorista serve como limite horizontal para a tipificação da conduta, ao passo que a estrutura organizativa serve como limite vertical e, por fim, o elemento teleológico, como limite transversal.
Analyzing the situation experienced in the law of democratic States after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, occurred in the United States, there is the adoption of a series of legislative and executive measures aimed at combating such crime. The anti-terror laws usually falls within the context of the enemy called Criminal Law, according to which it is intended the exclusion of the offender from society. However, it's necessary find operating limits of the definition of terrorism to allow incrimination in the context of democratic societies. Therefore, through a phenomenological approach, while critical review of the central themes transmitted by philosophical tradition through language, it was adopted the monographic method, while technical research, the indirect documentation, notably Spanish literature and American, and analysis of legislative proposals and legislation in order to verify the Brazilian situation on the topic. Thus, analyzing the content of the unjust in such crime, there was the attack on concrete legal rights protected by common crimes, public peace and democratic process of political decision-making. Thus, the terrorist method must have the massive intimidation as a form of commission, with repeated and indiscriminate violence, the commission very serious crimes as a way of implementation and armed character as a means used. To bring about the attack on the legal interests, the terrorist conduct must be performed by an organization, which must have political purpose, to impose a particular setting the margins of democratic mechanisms established political decision-making. From this, the terrorist method serves as a horizontal limit for its characterization, while the organizational structure serves as a vertical limit and, finally, the teleological element, such as transverse edge.
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Keilthy, Pauline Elizabeth. "Terrorism and international law: a study of the terrorist phenomenon, the difficulties surrounding its definition and the options available for progress." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.582518.

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The study examines the reasons which prevent agreement being reached on a definition of acts of international terrorism. The conundrum of the terrorist phenomenon raises a series of questions, not least the perceived need to define the crime comprehensively, rather than in a piecemeal, reactive fashion. The research focuses fust on the origins and growth of international terrorism, with the aim of locating the present impasse within its historical context and identifying the roots from which it developed. A study of the changing crime patterns follows, examining firstly, changes in the criminal intent over time as revealed by specific attacks and secondly, the adaptability and versatility of terrorists in altering their modus operandi to circumvent measures aimed at suppressing their activities. The profiles of some terrorist leaders past and present are then scrutinised, with the aim of identifying any significant changes in their abilities and backgrounds. Unique features of the newly established International Criminal Court are studied, absent its jurisdiction over acts of international terrorism. The viability of mounting prosecutions for acts of terrorism under the auspices of any of the crimes over which the new Court does have jurisdiction are also explored. An analysis of possible options for making progress in the light of the results of the research work follows, with the incomplete draft comprehensive convention on terrorism being the subject of a detailed examination in this context. The study concludes with an assessment of the effectiveness of current and potential legislative initiatives aimed at addressing the increasing threat to world peace posed by terrorism.
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Ghanem-Larson, Abir. "Essai sur la notion d'acte terroriste en droit international pénal." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32005/document.

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L’évolution sémantique de la notion de terrorisme, et la naissance doctrinale de la notion d’« acte terroriste » jusqu'à sa résurgence juridique nationale et internationale, montre que l’infraction terroriste est fondée sur la présence d’un double dol spécial tantôt selon une approche alternative et tantôt selon une approche cumulative. Ce double dol spécial se manifeste par l’intention de terroriser la population pour aboutir au but final qui est celui du changement politique. Malgré la dépolitisation adoptée en droit international pour sortir le crime terroriste de la sphère politique, cette dépolitisation reste fictive. L’approche internationale prend en compte ces deux intentions spécifiques de l’auteur selon une approche téléologique alternative, ce qui signifie que l’une des deux suffit pour qualifier l’acte criminel de terroriste. C’est exact mais incomplet. L’approche qu’il convient d’adopter est celle de l’approche téléologique cumulative. En d’autres termes l’infraction terroriste est identifiable selon un double dol spécial de l’auteur. Il faut donc la combinaison des deux dols spéciaux pour pouvoir qualifier un acte de terroriste
The semantic evolution of the notion of terrorism and the doctrinal birth of the notion of « terrorist act » until its national and international juridical resurgence show that terrorist infringement is based on the presence of a special double intention, sometimes according to an alternative approach, sometimes according to a cumulative approach. This special double intention reveals itself by the objective to terrorize people in order to result to its final aim, that one being a political change. In spite of the depoliticization adopted by international law to take terrorist crime out of the political sphere, this depolicization remains ficticious.The international approach takes into account those two specific intentions of the perpetrator according to an alternative teleological approach, wich means that one of them is enough to call the criminal act a terrorist one. That is right but incomplete. The suitable approach is the cumulative teleological approach. In other words, the terrorist offence is identifiable according to a special double intention of the perpetrator. So, the combination of those two special intentions is needed so that an act can be qualified of "terrorist act"
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Wildfang, Anne. "Terrorismus Definition, Struktur, Dynamik." Berlin Duncker & Humblot, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1001216342/04.

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Williamson, Myra Elsie Jane Bell. "Terrorism, war and international law: the legality of the use of force against Afghanistan in 2001." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2594.

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The thesis examines the international law pertaining to the use of force by states, in general, and to the use of force in self-defence, in particular. The main question addressed is whether the use of force, which was purported to be in self-defence, by the United States, the United Kingdom and their allies against al Qaeda, the Taliban and Afghanistan, beginning on 7 October 2001, was lawful. The thesis focuses not only on this specific use of force, but also on the changing nature of conflict, the definition of terrorism and on the historical evolution of limitations on the use of force, from antiquity until 2006. In the six chapters which trace the epochs of international law, the progression of five inter-related concepts is followed: limitations on the resort to force generally, the use of force in self-defence, pre-emptive self-defence, the use of forcible measures short of war, and the use of force in response to non-state actors. This historical analysis includes a particular emphasis on understanding the meaning of the 'inherent right of self-defence', which was preserved by Article 51 of the United Nations' Charter. This analysis is then applied to the use of force against Afghanistan which occurred in 2001. Following the terrorist attacks of 11 September, the US and the UK notified the United Nations Security Council of their resort to force in self-defence under Article 51. Each element of Article 51 is analysed and the thesis concludes that there are significant doubts as to the lawfulness of that decision to employ force. In addition to the self-defence justification, other possible grounds for intervention are also examined, such as humanitarian intervention, Security Council authorisation and intervention by invitation. This thesis challenges the common assumption that the use of force against Afghanistan was an example of states exercising their inherent right to self-defence. It argues that if this particular use of force is not challenged, it will lead to an expansion of the right of self-defence which will hinder rather than enhance international peace and security. Finally, this thesis draws on recent examples to illustrate the point that the use of force against Afghanistan could become a dangerous precedent for the use of force in self-defence.
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Colombo, Letícia dos Santos [UNESP]. "Terrorismo: um ensaio sobre suas definições." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/157062.

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O termo “terrorismo” foi primeiramente utilizado na época da Revolução Francesa para caracterizar o régime de la terreur de Robespierre, criado para consolidar o governo pós-revolução. A partir de então, o termo passou a ser utilizado para caracterizar métodos e/ou objetivo final de grupos contrários ao poder estabelecido, combinando fatores como medo, violência, ataque a civis e motivação política. Embora estes fatores sejam observados na maioria dos casos, não há um consenso com relação à definição de terrorismo entre os Estados, acadêmicos e organismos internacionais, dificultando a elaboração de estratégias anti e contraterroristas. Assumindo essa tarefa de colocar em debate definições e práticas, política estatal e relações internacionais, terrorismo e violência de atores não nacionais e Estados, a pesquisa tem a intenção de analisar a prevenção e a luta contra o terrorismo a partir das implicações práticas dos diversos conceitos de terrorismo existentes no sistema internacional, principalmente dentro do marco legal dos Estados Unidos, onde há uma diversidade de definições que orientam políticas internacionais de opressão ao fenômeno.
The term "terrorism" was first used at the French Revolution to characterize the régime de la terreur from Robespierre, created to consolidate post-revolution government. Since then, the term has been used to characterize methods and / or end goal of groups opposed to established power, combining factors such as fear, violence, attack on civilians and political motivation. Although these factors are observed in most cases, there is no consensus regarding the definition of terrorism among states, academics and international organizations, making it difficult to elaborate anti-counterterrorism strategies. Assuming this task of discussing definitions and practices, state policy and international relations, terrorism and violence of non-national actors and States, the research intends to analyze the prevention and fight against terrorism from the practical implications of the various concepts of terrorism in the international system, mainly within the legal framework of the United States, where there are a diversity of definitions that guide international policies of oppression to the phenomenon.
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Keber, Tobias O. "Der Begriff des Terrorismus im Völkerrecht : Entwicklungslinien im Vertrags- und Gewohnheitsrecht unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Arbeiten zu einem "Umfassenden Übereinkommen zur Bekämpfung des Terrorismus" /." Frankfurt am Main : Lang, 2009. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=017120302&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Books on the topic "Definition of terrorism"

1

Terrorismus: Definition, Struktur, Dynamik. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 2010.

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Terrorismus, Versuch einer Definition und Analyse internationaler Übereinkommen zu seiner Bekämpfung. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1991.

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Defining terrorism in international law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.

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The definition of terrorism: A report by Lord Carlile of Berriew Q.C., independent reviewer of terrorism legislation. London: The Stationery Office, 2007.

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Code, Michael. The recent decision in R. v. Khawaja on the constitutionality of the definition of terrorism and a variety of terrorism offences. [Toronto]: Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 2007.

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Mafhūm al-irhāb fī al-fiqh al-Islāmī wa-al-qānūn al-waḍʻī: Definition of the [sic] terrorism at [sic] Islamic jurisprudence and the law. al-Riyāḍ: Maktabat al-Malik ʻAbd al-ʻAzīz al-ʻĀmmah, 2007.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. To clarify the definition of "vehicle" for purposes of criminal penalties relating to terrorist attacks and other acts of violence against mass transportation systems: Report (to accompany S. 2621). [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 2002.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. To clarify the definition of "vehicle" for purposes of criminal penalties relating to terrorist attacks and other acts of violence against mass transportation systems: Report (to accompany S. 2621). [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 2002.

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Terrorismus und Staat: Versuch einer Definition des Terrorismusphänomens und Analyse zur Existenz einer strategischen Konzeption staatlicher Gegenmassnahmen am Beispiel der Roten Armee Fraktion in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. München: M Press, 2007.

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Mariani, Cliff. Terrorism prevention and response: The definitive counter-terrorism guide for law enforcement to prepare for, prevent and combat terrorist activity in the U.S. homeland. 3rd ed. Flushing, NY: Looseleaf Law Publications, 2013.

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Book chapters on the topic "Definition of terrorism"

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Koch, Bernhard A. "Definition of Terrorism." In Tort and Insurance Law, 1. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0629-7_1.

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Lowe, David. "Legal definition of terrorism." In Terrorism, Law and Policy, 75–94. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003195627-9.

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Lutz, James M., and Brenda J. Lutz. "What is Terrorism? Definition, Classification, and Causes." In Global Terrorism, 7–27. 4th Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2019. | Revised edition of the authors’ Global terrorism, 2013.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351124683-2.

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Chalk, Peter. "The Nature of Contemporary Terrorism: Problems of Definition." In West European Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism, 9–24. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230374195_2.

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Spaaij, Ramón. "Definition of Lone Wolf Terrorism." In Understanding Lone Wolf Terrorism, 15–22. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2981-0_3.

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Conte, Alex. "The Nature and Definition of Terrorism." In Human Rights in the Prevention and Punishment of Terrorism, 7–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11608-7_2.

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Baragwanath, David. "Responding to Terrorism: Definition and Other Actions." In Nigerian Yearbook of International Law, 17–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71476-9_2.

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Hale-Ross, Simon. "The United Kingdom’s legal definition of terrorism." In Digital Privacy, Terrorism and Law Enforcement, 11–43. New York, NY : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge research in terrorism and the law: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351118989-2.

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Conte, Alex. "The Domestic Criminalisation of Terrorism, and Its Definition." In Human Rights in the Prevention and Punishment of Terrorism, 423–64. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11608-7_14.

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Margariti, Stella. "A Definition of Terrorism in the Making: Balancing State Interests with Cosmopolitan Ideals." In International Criminal Justice Series, 145–75. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-204-0_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Definition of terrorism"

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Nikiforova, Elena Nikolaevna, Evgeniia Pavlovna Gavrilova, and Viktoriia Sergeevna Evdokimova. "Unification of national legislation in the field of countering extremism and terrorism as a factor of international security." In All-Russian scientific and practical conference. Publishing house Sreda, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-32803.

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The article emphasizes that the fight against extremism and terrorism, as a complex problem, has become one of the priorities in the fight against crime for states at the global and regional levels. The level of development of legal acts in the field of countering extremism and terrorism, the severity of punishment for crimes of extremist and terrorist orientation in some countries are analyzed. It is concluded that in modern legislation of different countries, there is no single approach to the definition of the concepts of "terrorism" and "extremism", there is no uniform approach to the system and types of punishments. The proposal on the expediency of a uniform definition of the concepts: “terrorism”, “terrorist”, “international terrorist activity”, unification of national legislation in the field of combating extremism and terrorism as a factor of international security is substantiated
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Benzer, Recep, and Mithat Cagri Yildiz. "YOLO Approach in Digital Object Definition in Military Systems." In 2018 International Congress on Big Data, Deep Learning and Fighting Cyber Terrorism (IBIGDELFT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ibigdelft.2018.8625314.

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Mareček, Lukáš. "Terorizmus – zločin podľa medzinárodného práva?" In Protistátní trestné činy včera a dnes. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9976-2021-16.

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Terrorism is a fenomena that is seriously threatening values and interests of the international community. Despite of that the international community was not able to settle its definition yet. If the definition is absent then supression of terorizm by means of international criminal law is in conflict with the principle of legality. Solving of this question is a precondition for evental creation of international criminal organs. In spite of that the issue was not settled the Special Tribunal for Lebanon was created which had crime of terrorism in its jurisdiction ratione materiae. The aims of this paper is to analyse how the Special Tribunal for Lebanon dealt with this problem and to evaluate soundness of its argumentation.
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Ho Ba, Huy. "Definice terorismu." In Nestandardní bezpečnostní situace: ústavní, mezinárodní a evropský pohled. Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24132/zcu.2021.09228.74-88.

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This article focuses on the definition of terorism, which cross multiple disciplines. Till today, international organizations, such as the United Nations or the European Union have not agreed on its definition. The article discuss es difficulties in this activity, evolution of terrorism itself, methods of commiting it, multiple attemps of definition and suggests possible problems that may arise due to the lack of definition. It also examins on the regulation in the Criminal Code of Czech Republic
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Forejtová, Monika. "Nad poslední směrnicí EU v oblasti terorismu: Nová směrnice Evropského parlamentu a Rady (EU) 2017/541 ze dne 15. března 2017 o boji proti terorismu, kterou se nahrazuje rámcové rozhodnutí Rady 2002/475/SVV a mění rozhodnutí Rady 2005/671/SVV." In Nestandardní bezpečnostní situace: ústavní, mezinárodní a evropský pohled. Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24132/zcu.2021.09228.135-158.

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This article aims to bring the issue of legislative regulation in the field of terrorism and specifically focus to the new Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council (EU) 2017/541 and to other relevant measures and actions of the European Union. Within the first chapter the author focuses on the question of perception of modern so ciety, on rejection of foreign culture, other race, nationality or religion and also on the resulting consequences for soci ety. The second chapter contains the definition and nature of the European Union‘s involvement in this area, both its strategy for combating terrorism and the development of individual measures taken by the European Union for this purpose. In this chapter, the author also pays attention to specific attacks that have occurred in the European Union. The last chapter deals with the response of the European Union in the form of legislative regulations, which led to the adoption of the above-mentioned directive. In this chapter, besides the current EU regulation, author also deals with the implementation of this directive into Czech legal system. In conclusion, the author emphasizes the positive steps that the European Union has made in fight against terrorism, but also highlights the need for future cooperation among all its member states.
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Paszkowski, Zbigniew Wladyslaw, Sylwia Kolowiecka, and Aleksandra Agnieszka Kusmierek. "Urban security as part of the Smart Cities strategy." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/tiyo7521.

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Security is one of the basic existential needs of man. In one negative definition, security is defined as a feeling of absence of danger. In a positive approach, we can define the feeling of security as certainty of existence, survival and development. Security is of a complex nature and, apart from providing physical protection against direct threats, also includes meeting many specific behavioral needs, including the emotional and social sphere, defined by the needs of belonging to a family, social group and psychological and physical sphere - attachment to the place and the environment, the need to have and identify the living space used. In many cities, security experts develop strategies by analyzing urban planning and architecture and their resilience in terms of adaptability to changing climatic, social and economic conditions. The authors describe the need to include urban security in Smart Cities development strategies. The proper development and functioning of cities threatened by observed and forecasted climate changes, progressive anthropogenic environmental degradation, the effects of wars and terrorism, causes permanent updating of the city's development strategies and redefining of the architectural and urban environment.
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Brucknerová, Eva. "Teroristická skupina a účast na ní." In Protistátní trestné činy včera a dnes. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9976-2021-15.

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This paper deals with the current legislation, when the definition of a terrorist group and the crime of participation in a terrorist group were enshrined. In this article I deal with the distinction of this group from an organized criminal group and the key features of a crime according to § 312a of the Criminal Code. As in the case of the criminal offense of participation in an organized criminal group, the legislator also made it possible to enshrine the institution of effective remorse. The Czech Republic’s commitments have forced changes in legislation that have not been completely toothless before, however, the current legislation sufficiently reflects the current situation and allows for better coverage of those situations that relate to anti-state activities.
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Ahmed, Yahya. "Business Continuity Management for Organizational Success: Definitions, Triggers, and Key Processes." In 27th iSTEAMS-ACity-IEEE International Conference. Society for Multidisciplinary and Advanced Research Techniques - Creative Research Publishers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/isteams-2021/v27p43.

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This paper discusses the need for business continuity management and its relevance to the successful management, protection, and sustainability of businesses. Considering the dynamic nature of global events and how it affects businesses at the speed of light. The rapid growth in technological innovations has made the world a global village, where business processes are done within the shortest time possible. This has made inter-organizational linkage and dependence very easy. But there is a need for protection against any form of disruptions for business continuity. Taking into consideration the scarce resources that lead to violence and terrorism from one place to another for power and resources. The paper look into business continuity, business continuity management, the impact of not having business continuity management, the triggers of business continuity management and the procedure for effective business continuity management. Keywords: Business Continuity, Management, Organizational Success, Triggers, Key Processes.
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Salem, Shady, Manuel Campidelli, Wael El-Dakhakhni, and Michael Tait. "Blast Resilient Design of Infrastructure Subjected to Ground Threats." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65205.

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The growing number of terrorist attacks in the past decade has focused the public’s attention on the severity of such a man–made hazard. The rising threat of improvised explosive devices — one of the most successful attack strategies — has significantly increased the number of threats on the ground, in the form of suicide–bombs, vehicle–bombs, etc., thereby requiring the development of more effective blast risk mitigation measures. However, the modern proliferation of such measures poses the problem of evaluating their cost–effectiveness, which prompts the need for a comprehensive optimization methodology — capable of maximizing the resilience of the built environment. The aim of this paper is to lay out the foundations of a resilience–based framework for quantifying the performance of different infrastructure elements incurring blast threats, by means of functionality and resilience indicators. The proposed framework can quantify the consequences of multiple outdoor explosions typified by the emblematic car–bomb scenario. The level of localized damage is evaluated via pressure–impulse diagrams; local failures are then aggregated into the definition of resilience and functionality indicators, designed to provide the analyst with a comprehensive picture of global damage, residual functionality, and downtime of the structural system.
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Reports on the topic "Definition of terrorism"

1

Jordan, Martha K. Terrorism and US Policy: Problems in Definition and Response. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada398501.

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Khan, Amir Ullah. Islam and Good Governance: A Political Economy Perspective. IIIT, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47816/01.004.20.

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It is readily apparent to everyone that there are multiple and serious concerns that face Muslim societies today. Terrorism, civil strife, poverty, illiteracy, factionalism, gender injustices and poor healthcare are just a few of the challenges to governance across the Muslim world. These are core issues for governance and public administration in any form of government. However, before we can engage with good governance within the context of Islam, we need to be clear what mean by good governance itself. A simple definition of good governance is that of an institutionalised competency of administration and institution leading to efficient resource allocation and management[1]. Another way of looking at it is as a system which is defined by the existence of efficient and accountable institutions[2]. Civil society now tends to look at good governance by way of impact measurement and how a certain set of processes result in a set of measurable and desirable outcomes.
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Miller, Brian, and Dave Dixon. Acquisition Level Definitions and Observables for Human Targets, Urban Operations, and the Global War on Terrorism. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada437058.

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Self, Mid, Brian Miller, and Dave Dixon. Acquisition Level Definitions and Observables for Human Targets Urban Operations and the Global War on Terrorism. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada442798.

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