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Wessels, Marie. "Clinical value of a uniform research case definition of tuberculous meningitis." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86775.
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Thesis (MMed)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) research remains important but obtaining adequate sample sizes of microbiologically-confirmed TBM cases is difficult, therefore clinical cases of TBM need to be included. A uniform research case definition for TBM was developed to assist diagnostic standardization. METHODS: Our study evaluated the proposed uniform research case definition in a group of children diagnosed with TBM. A subgroup of 66 children with cultureconfirmed TBM was compared to culture-confirmed bacterial meningitis controls. RESULTS: The uniform case definition was applied to 554 TBM patients. Sixty-six (11.9%) patients had definite TBM, 408 (73.6%) had probable TBM and 72 (13.0%) had possible TBM. Symptom duration >5 days, weight loss or persistent cough >2 weeks, recent TB contact, focal neurological deficit, clear cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) appearance and basal meningeal enhancement predicted TBM when compared to definite bacterial meningitis with a sensitivity and specificity of 97.0% and 93.7%, respectively. When using a probable TBM score as the diagnostic measure, sensitivity was 86% and specificity was 100%. When using a possible TBM score as the diagnostic measure, sensitivity was 100% but specificity was 56%. CONCLUSION: The uniform research case definition for TBM performed well when using a probable TBM score as the diagnostic marker. A regression model also differentiated TBM from bacterial meningitis with good accuracy, but caution is needed in its application to early TBM.
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Showalter, Edward D. "The Corporate Character Ethical Value Structure: Construct Definition, Measurement, Validation and Relationship to Organizational Commitment." VCU Scholars Compass, 1997. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5272.
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The corporate character value structure consists of ethical values applied in a business setting arranged in a two dimensional matrix presented here as the Corporate Character Ethical Value Matrix, or CC-EVM. The two matrix dimensions are: behavior-types defined as either (1)custodial or (2)proactive; and behavior targets (1)task, (2)consideration-specific, directed toward a specific relationship, or (3)consideration-general, directed at generalized relationships or the organization. The current research developed the matrix to define and classify the six values presented by The Character Counts Coalition’s (1993) as core “pillars” of character: trustworthiness, responsibility, respect, caring, fairness and citizenship. The theoretical background for this matrix was built from the organizational trust and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) literatures, and the business ethics literature.
The study tested the uniqueness of these six constructs using items developed from established measures that were combined as one instrument with items developed based on Character Counts Coalition statements. Factor analysis of student (n=324) responses explored the existence of theorized dimensions underlying the established trust and OCB measures. Item reduction eliminated items failing to discriminate between factors, and five factors emerged. The first factor contained items from McAlister's (1995) cognitive-based trust measure and Van Dyne, Graham, and Dienesch’s (1994) obedience measure. The second and third factors contained items from Van Dyne et al.’s advocacy and loyalty measures respectively. The fourth and fifth factors expressed concern for friends and country, and contained items developed from the Character Counts Coalition. Reliable (alpha >.80) scales from the factor items allowed further testing for inferences about the scales validity using personality and demographic measures.
Findings show support for the behavior-targets dimension of the CC-EVM. The first factor corresponded to the task target. The advocacy and loyalty measures corresponded to the consideration-specific and consideration-general targets. The friends and country scales failed to exhibit predicted relationships. The five measures were regressed against measures provided by an insurance agency industry sample (n=112) of organizational commitment and shared ethical values. The strongest relationship emerged between consideration-general (loyalty) and organizational commitment. No support emerged for the behavior-types dimension. Implications for researchers and practitioners are discussed.
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Laghamn, Madelene, and Lovisa Törnblom. "Värdeskapand till följd av Key Account Management." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-79294.
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Bakgrund: Logiken bakom Key Account Management (KAM) bygger på att en liten andel av ett företags kunder står för den största delen av dess intäkter. Vid KAM väljer företag ut dessa strategiskt mest viktiga kunder, kallade nyckelkunder och tillägnar dessa mer resurser och uppmärksamhet jämfört med de ordinarie. Dock har litteraturen om KAM inte i någon större utsträckning berört vilket värde som skapas till följd av KAM eller hur detta värde kan mätas. Därav ligger examensarbetets huvudfokus inom detta forskningsområde inom detta område och fokus ligger framförallt på det säljande företagets perspektiv. Syfte: Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka, analysera och beskriva vilket värde samt hur detta skapas för det säljande företaget genom användningen av KAM. Genomförande: En egen definition av KAM har skapats i detta examensarbete med hjälp av existerande litteratur inom området. Denna definition har sedan tillsammans med examensarbetets syfte legat till grund för den analysmodell som har tagits fram. Analysmodellen har använts för att underlätta empiriinsamlingen och analysen som leder fram till examensarbetets slutsatser. Empiriinsamlingen har skett genom intervjuer med respondenter från de tre fallföretagen Toyota Material Handling, Ericsson AB och Scania CV AB. Slutsats: Som fördelar av KAM har bland annat förbättrade relationer, nöjdare kunder, ökad absolut försäljning och ökad marknadsandel hittats. Potentiella problem och nackdelar med KAM som uppkommit i litteraturen och under intervjuerna är till exempel organisatorisk komplexitet, ökat beroende till nyckelkunderna, att det kräver mycket personal och att interna konflikter kan uppstå. Att mäta dessa typer av fördelar och nackdelar, visar både referensramen och empirin är något som inte görs helt enkelt och intuition och känsla är vanligt vid en utvärdering av det värde som skapas av KAM. Den sammanlagda uppfattningen är att bedömningen av KAM och dess lämplighet, görs på känsla vilket enligt författarna till examensarbetet är otillräckligt.Background: The logic behind Key Account Management (KAM) lies in the fact that a small part of the customers represents the biggest part of a company’s revenues. Through the work with KAM, companies choose its strategically most important customers; its so called key accounts and dedicate these more resources than compared to others. However, the literature in KAM, have not enough raised the question, which value that is created through this way of working nor how this value can be measured. Therefore, the main focus of this study is within this field of study and it is pursued through the eyes of the selling company. Aim: The aim of this study is to explore, analyze and describe which value and how this is created for the selling company through the work with KAM and furthermore how this can be measured. Completion: Through the use of already existing literature, within the field, an own definition has been created. This definition has together with the aim set the framework for the model for analyses that has been created. The model has been used to facilitate the data collection and leads to the conclusions of this study. The empirical work of this study contains of interviews from three companies; Toyota Material Handling Sweden, Ericsson AB and Scania CV AB. Conclusion: Among others, benefit in terms of improved relationships, more satisfied customers, increased sales and increased market share have been seen. Potential problems have been seen in the literature as well as during the interviews in terms of for example an organizational complexity, increased dependence on the key accounts and internal conflicts that may arise. Measuring these types of benefits and disadvantages is not done easily and intuition is commonly used assessing the value that is created through the work with KAM. The total judgment is that KAM and its appropriateness is made by a feeling which is not enough according to the authors.
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Andersson, Pia. "Forsknings- och utvecklingskostnader : Definition och anskaffningsvärde ur ett skatterättsligt perspektiv." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1636.
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Research and Development-costs constitutes an important part in contemporary companies. R&D are treated differently depending on their definition and how the historic value is decided. The main goal for this essay is to bring clarity to how the definiton of the term R&D is decided in accounting as well as in tax law. Another goal is to decide how the historic value is calculated. It is also interesting to examine under which circumstances the costs can be activated in the balance sheet, and under which circumstances deduction for the R&D-costs may be allowed. Besides R&D-projects when searching for new products, there are other areas in which R&D-projects can be found. For example there can be R&D-projects with the purpose to evolve the companies administrative routines and in the area of personal health-care. The historic value contains all the costs that are related to the project. Activation of a cost may be allowed from the day the company decides that the asset is going to generate economic value in the future. The rights to deduct R&D-costs is admitted when the R&D-project is done within the field where the company is operating.
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Jüttner-Nauroth, Beate Elisabeth. "Definition, Verständnis und Relevanz des fair value von Aktienoptionsrechten in der internationalen Rechnungslegung : eine theoretische und empirische Analyse /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2002. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/348522797.pdf.
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Akinc, Gunseli. "Architectural Programming For Achieving Value-added Design." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606601/index.pdf.
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Values and concerns of project participants have influence on design quality as well as on the design process itself. These determine the functional, social and æsthetic characteristics of the project that are necessary to achieve client satisfaction. The issues of value and quality are compared within the context of architectural programming, including their theoretical and philosophical ground as well as current management techniques. Value and quality can be misunderstood and confused with each other
therefore, it is vital for project participants to have a common understanding of terminology and meaning. This study includes a comprehensive literature survey on architectural programming and design quality. The current approaches to the construction project process in Turkey were observed through analyzing an hotel project in Turgutreis, Turkey. Supporting tools like Project Definition Rating Index (PDRI) and Design Quality Indicators (DQI) were studied in detail and discussed by the project participants who involved in and affected the design of the project. This study on architectural programming aimed to explore opportunities for identifying and delivering values into the current process of construction projects. It attempted to claim due recognition for designers in that they had an important role to play in developing better quality buildings and that they designed buildings within pertinent social, political and cultural contexts. It was expected that analysis of participants&
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values would provide an understanding of the elaborate decision-making that architects have to perform in order to produce added value in designs, and of how architects resolve design problems.
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SAIBU, ISAIAH. "Effects of the Introduction of a High-Definition ‘HD’ Music Audio Quality Standard on the Recorded Music Industry." Thesis, KTH, Entreprenörskap och Innovation, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-189272.
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The emergence of the internet and digitisation has led to the disruption/transformation of therecorded music industry sector. This has resulted in a shift from physical to digital sales, which has also led to a decline in the global recorded music sector revenue. Although largely attributed to piracy and illegal music downloads, some have argued that this was as a result of the reduction in the perceived value of commercially distributed recorded music. The audio quality of music and user experience has specifically been highlighted to have suffered due to digitisation. Experience from the case of the introduction of HDTV gives an example of a similar industry sector that was able to revive itself by implementing high-definition (HD) quality standards. This thesis set out to investigate if such an approach could be applicable to the recording music sector in order to create a similar HD music quality standard. The methodology adopted, involved performing a comparative case study to analyse what lessons can be taken from the HDTV standardisation approach and how applicable it would be within the recorded music sector. This was coupled with interviews of industry actors that represent the value creation network/chain of the recorded music sector. The result suggests that such a standardisation approach could be applicable and benefit the recorded music sector; however, this is conditional on overcoming a number of challenges that were identified.
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Brathwaite, Joy Danielle. "Value-informed space systems design and acquisition." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43748.
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Investments in space systems are substantial, indivisible, and irreversible, characteristics that make them high-risk, especially when coupled with an uncertain demand environment. Traditional approaches to system design and acquisition, derived from a performance- or cost-centric mindset, incorporate little information about the spacecraft in relation to its environment and its value to its stakeholders. These traditional approaches, while appropriate in stable environments, are ill-suited for the current, distinctly uncertain and rapidly changing technical, and economic conditions; as such, they have to be revisited and adapted to the present context. This thesis proposes that in uncertain environments, decision-making with respect to space system design and acquisition should be value-based, or at a minimum value-informed. This research advances the value-centric paradigm by providing the theoretical basis, foundational frameworks, and supporting analytical tools for value assessment of priced and unpriced space systems.
For priced systems, stochastic models of the market environment and financial models of stakeholder preferences are developed and integrated with a spacecraft-sizing tool to assess the system's net present value. The analytical framework is applied to a case study of a communications satellite, with market, financial, and technical data obtained from the satellite operator, Intelsat. The case study investigates the implications of the value-centric versus the cost-centric design and acquisition choices. Results identify the ways in which value-optimal spacecraft design choices are contingent on both technical and market conditions, and that larger spacecraft for example, which reap economies of scale benefits, as reflected by their decreasing cost-per-transponder, are not always the best (most valuable) choices. Market conditions and technical constraints for which convergence occurs between design choices under a cost-centric and a value-centric approach are identified and discussed. In addition, an innovative approach for characterizing value uncertainty through partial moments, a technique used in finance, is adapted to an engineering context and applied to priced space systems. Partial moments disaggregate uncertainty into upside potential and downside risk, and as such, they provide the decision-maker with additional insights for value-uncertainty management in design and acquisition.
For unpriced space systems, this research first posits that their value derives from, and can be assessed through, the value of information they provide. To this effect, a Bayesian framework is created to assess system value in which the system is viewed as an information provider and the stakeholder an information recipient. Information has value to stakeholders as it changes their rational beliefs enabling them to yield higher expected pay-offs. Based on this marginal increase in expected pay-offs, a new metric, Value-of-Design (VoD), is introduced to quantify the unpriced system's value. The Bayesian framework is applied to the case of an Earth Science satellite that provides hurricane information to oil rig operators using nested Monte Carlo modeling and simulation. Probability models of stakeholders' beliefs, and economic models of pay-offs are developed and integrated with a spacecraft payload generation tool. The case study investigates the information value generated by each payload, with results pointing to clusters of payload instruments that yielded higher information value, and minimum information thresholds below which it is difficult to justify the acquisition of the system. In addition, an analytical decision tool, probabilistic Pareto fronts, is developed in the Cost-VoD trade space to provide the decision-maker with additional insights into the coupling of a system's probable value generation and its associated cost risk.
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Lindwall, Carl, and Martin Larsson. "Topics on Branding : Exploring the Brand Construct and its Linkages to Risk, Value and Trust in a Business-to-Business Context." Thesis, Linköping University, Industrial Marketing and Industrial Economics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-59001.
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In this thesis, the brand construct and its connections to risk, value and trust are explored in a Business-to-Business context.
The different characteristics of B2B and B2C marketing is elaborated upon and coupled with brand management strategies viable in the respective markets.
Contemporary academic theory on the explored constructs is discussed, and an attempt at conceptually visualizing their suggested linkages is presented.
Based on the theoretical findings, a qualitative study is conducted by means of interviews with brand managers and marketing executives with the aim of establishing how Swedish industrial multinational companies employ brand strategies in their market communication, and to what extent the constructs explored are communicated as a part of their brand message.
We find empirical evidence that risk, value and trust indeed are important in the brand communication of industrial companies. However, the relative importance of these constructs is found to be highly dependent on a multitude of both internal and external factors, such as the complexity of the offering, the degree of competition in the marketplace, and the amount of required customer interaction. Trust seems to be the construct most commonly incorporated in the branding activities, and value is not as actively stressed as conjectured.
The corporate brand appears to be the most important in new tasks, where previous experiences of interaction with the seller is deemed more important in modified and straight re-buys.
Similar to consumer marketing, the main merit of having a strong brand equity is the ability to charge price premiums, along with often making the short list of potential suppliers in the customers’ procurement processes. However, many industrial companies do not actively employ brand strategies and dedicated brand managers are not commonplace. Further, it cannot be decisively concluded that a strong brand focus is important for all industrial companies and in all markets. Again, external market characteristics, together with internal organizational conditions need to be taken into account.
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Balram, Sara. "Perceptions of Model-Based Systems Engineering As the Foundation for Cost Estimation and Its Implications to Earned Value Management." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/268476.
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Model-based systems engineering (MBSE) is an enterprising systems engineering methodology, which in replacing traditional, document-centric systems engineering methods, has the potential to reduce project costs, time, effort and risk. The potential benefits of applying MBSE on a project are widely discussed but are largely anecdotal. Throughout the System Engineering and Project Management industries, there is a strong desire to quantify these benefits, particularly within organizations that are looking to apply it to their complex, system of systems projects. The objective of this thesis was to quantify the benefits that model-based systems engineering presents, particularly in terms of project cost estimates. In order to quantify this qualitative data, statistical analysis was conducted on collected perceptions from industry experts and professionals. The results of this work led to identifying future research that should be completed in order to make MBSE an industry-wide standard for the development and estimation of projects.
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El, Refaei Ehab Ahmed Mohamed [Verfasser]. "Value of 3-D High Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Detecting the Offending Vessel in Hemifacial Spasm: Comparison with Intraoperative High Definition Endoscopic Visualization / Ehab Ahmed Mohamed El Refaei." Greifswald : Universitätsbibliothek Greifswald, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1043405194/34.
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Majumdar, Gaurav. "Social Media User Data: A ‘protected’ investment under international investment law? : An analysis of the definition of an investment in light of the functioning of a social media company." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-443410.
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Anderberg, Thomas. "Suicide : definitions, causes and values /." Lund : Bromley : Lund university press ; Chartwell-Bratt, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35070070p.
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Kumar, Vijay, of Western Sydney Nepean University, Faculty of Business, and School of Management. "Organisation culture : definition, values, change and participation in two shires." THESIS_FB_MAN_Kumar_V.xml, 2000. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/571.
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Despite the large number of studies of organisation culture, there are still gaps in the current literature, in particular concerning the way in which culture is defined, how values are disseminated and reinforced, and how employees contribute to culture change. This thesis examines these gaps via research carried out in two local councils in New South Wales, namely Wollondilly and Wingecarribee Shire Councils, specifically focusing on their tourism departments. The research reports on the following: how organisation culture is defined and shaped in an organisation; the values of an organisation and how they are disseminated and reinforced on a day-to-day basis; and, the contribution employees make to culture change. Moreover, the thesis will examine the organisational members own definition of culture as a way of examining some of the definitions in the literature. The data for this study comprises interviews, questionnaires, surveys, personal observation and secondary sources. The study demonstrates council staff’s views on culture, and how culture is defined by, and embedded in, an organisation. Through examining the organisation members’ own views of culture, values and their participation, the thesis aims to contribute to the literature on organisation culture by more closely aligning definitions from the literature with empirical data from case studies of organisationsMasters in Commerce (Honours)
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Kumar, Vijay. "Organisation culture : definition, values, change and participation in two shires /." View thesis, 2000. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20031121.113358/index.html.
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Thesis (M. Comm.) (Hons.) -- University of Western Sydney, Macarthur, 2000.A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney, Macarthur, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters in Commerce (Honours), December, 2000. Bibliography : leaves 154-160.
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Sharp, Kristy-Lee. "Internet's influence on the marketing activities of South African companies / Kristy-Lee Sharp." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/10358.
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The Internet is one of the most advanced technologies of modern times and it is diffusing at an exponential rate amongst business-to-consumer and business-to-business organisations. This has resulted in it becoming an irrevocable and an unstoppable trend, thereby making it vital for companies to incorporate it into their businesses. The Internet, Internet technologies and Internet services, particularly the Web, are widely acknowledged to have had and to continue to have a considerable impact on the practice of marketing. The adoption of the Internet and the Web is an independent variable influencing two interrelated aspects of the marketing function, namely the company’s conceptualisation of its marketing activities and the definition of its markets, which together directly influence the creation of greater customer value. Although research studies regarding the Internet’s impact on marketing conducted in the past in different countries and at different times produced quite similar trends in responses, advances in information technology (IT) and the increased Internet usage since the late 1990s necessitated reinvestigating marketers’ perceptions as to the changes in market practices brought about by the Internet. This study sought to determine the changes arising from the Internet in the conceptualisation of marketing activities, the definition of markets and the creation of greater customer value, based on a literature review and on empirical evidence founded on the opinions of South African marketing practitioners. The purpose of this study was to determine the South African marketing practitioners’ perceptions of the Internet’s influence on the practice of marketing. Five focal questions were asked and answered by the study: 1. How has the Internet changed the way that companies conceptualise their marketing activities? 2. How has the Internet changed the way that companies define their markets? 3. How has the Internet changed the way that companies create value for their customers? 4. To what extent have South African marketers’ perceptions of the influence of the Internet on marketing changed from the late 1990s to 2011? 5. To what extent do South African marketers’ perceptions of the influence of the Internet on marketing differ to those in studies conducted in Australia in 2001(Leong, Ewing & Pitt, 2003) and in Iran in 2007 (Ghazisaeedi, Pitt & Chaharsooghi, 2007)? For this study, the target population comprised South African marketing practitioners. The sampling frame consisted of the top 200 South African companies of 2009, ranked according to turnover, listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE), as published by the Financial Mail (2009). A non-probability, judgment sample of the 100 of these top South African companies was taken in April 2011. The study was conducted without replacement sampling. The telephone directory was used to obtain the telephone numbers of these companies so that the secretaries could be contacted to obtain the particulars of the marketing managers or marketing directors of the companies and permission to forward the questionnaire to the respective individuals. A structure self-administered questionnaire was then be emailed to those respondents from whom telephonic permission had been obtained. The questionnaire requested respondents to indicate on a five-point Likert scale their perceptions as to the extent to which the Internet influences the marketing practices within their company on 31 items divided into the three constructs of re-conceptualising marketing activities, changing market definition and creating greater customer value. In addition, the respondents were asked to provide certain demographic data. The findings indicate that the Internet has changed the way companies conceptualise their marketing activities, define their markets and create value for their customers in a variety of ways. When comparing this study against the results of the other three studies it is evident, that between the 1997 and the 2011 South African study and the 2001 Australian study and the 2011 South African study, the respondents did not vary significantly in their perceptions towards the items in each of the three constructs and the overall scale. Hence, the differences between the mean scores of the two studies concerning the three constructs and the overall scale are both statistically and practically non-significant. When comparing the 2005 Iranian study against the 2011 South African, the results show that for both the first construct and the overall scale there is a significant statistical difference at p < 0.05. Concerning to Construct 1, the extent to which the Internet has changed the way that companies conceptualise their marketing activities, a significant statistical difference exists between the two studies, with p = 0.002 < 0.05. Furthermore, with regard to the overall scale, the Internet’s influence on the marketing activities of companies, a significant statistical difference exists between the two studies, with p = 0.046 < 0.05. With the exception of Construct 1 and the overall scale, there is no significant statistical difference between the 2005 Iranian and the 2011 South African studies on Construct 2 and Construct 3. These results indicate that the respondents from the two studies conducted in Iran in 2005 and more recently in South Africa in 2011 did not vary significantly in their perceptions towards items in the second construct and the third construct. In order to assess whether there was a significant practical difference in the item means between the two studies, Cohen’s D-statistic was used. There is a small effect, moving toward practical significance on Construct 1 (D = 0.422) and the overall scale (D = 0.268). From this, it is evident that all main areas of marketing are being significantly influenced by the Internet. Therefore, Internet marketing has become a business imperative owing to it being an irrevocable and an unstoppable trend and, as a result, companies must make a concerted effort to collaborate the technologies available to them to avoid failure in the new digital business environment.MCom, Marketing Management, North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2012
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Maiter, Sarah. "Child welfare in a multicultural context, definitions, values and service issues." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ59082.pdf.
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Oaken, David R. "Optimisation of definition structures & parameter values in process algebra models using evolutionary computation." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21206.
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Process Algebras are a Formal Modelling methodology which are an effective tool for defining models of complex systems, particularly those involving multiple interacting processes. However, describing such a model using Process Algebras requires expertise from both the modeller and the domain expert. Finding the correct model to describe a system can be difficult. Further more, even with the correct model, parameter tuning to allow model outputs to match experimental data can also be both difficult and time consuming. Evolutionary Algorithms provide effective methods for finding solutions to optimisation problems with large and noisy search spaces. Evolutionary Algorithms have been proven to be well suited to investigating parameter fitting problems in order to match known data or desired behaviour. It is proposed that Process Algebras and Evolutionary Algorithms have complementary strengths for developing models of complex systems. Evolutionary Algorithms require a precise and accurate fitness function to score and rank solutions. Process Algebras can be incorporated into the fitness function to provide this mathematical score. Presented in this work is the Evolving Process Algebra (EPA) framework, designed for the application of Evolutionary Algorithms (specifically Genetic Algorithms and Genetic Programming optimisation techniques) to models described in Process Algebra (specifically PEPA and Bio-PEPA) with the aim of evolving fitter models. The EPA framework is demonstrated using multiple complex systems. For PEPA this includes the dining philosophers resource allocation problem, the repressilator genetic circuit, the G-protein cellular signal regulators and two epidemiological problems: HIV and the measles virus. For Bio-PEPA the problems include a biochemical reactant-product system, a generic genetic network, a variant of the G-protein system and three epidemiological problems derived from the measles virus. Also presented is the EPA Utility Assistant program; a lightweight graphical user interface. This is designed to open the full functionality and parallelisation of the EPA framework to beginner or naive users. In addition, the assistant program aids in collating and graphing after experiments are completed.
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Quratulain, Samina. "Moderating role of individual-level cultural values and role : Definition effects on social exchange relationships." Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX32038.
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L’objectif de la présente recherche est de tester un modèle qui intègre la justice organisationnelle, les comportements de citoyenneté organisationnelle (OCB), l’OCB comme rôle-définition et les valeurs culturelles en vue d’examiner leurs relations en privilégiant une approche causale. Chacun de ces quatre concepts a engendré de son côté une abondante littérature et il est étonnant de constater qu’ils n’ont jamais été associés au sein d’un même et seul modèle. Dans ce modèle, la justice organisationnelle est présentée comme un déterminant des comportements de citoyenneté, et l’OCB rôle-définition et les valeurs culturelles sont des modérateurs du lien entre justice et l’OCB. Les comportements de citoyenneté organisationnelle comprennent des activités qui sont pro sociales dans leur nature et d'aide à l'efficacité d'organisations. Dans le contexte de travail, les individus confrontent fréquemment des pressions vers la maximisation de profit et la promotion personnelle, il n'est pas étonnant pas de prévoir que le souci de promouvoir le bien-être de tous pour d'efficacité organisationnelle soit camouflé. Les conditions de travail créent des pressions contradictoires sur les employés, vers l'égoïsme (par exemple, faire attention à son propre bien-être et à ses propres intérêts) d’une part et le désintéressement (par exemple, donner de soi-même pour le bien-être commun de tous les travailleurs) d’autre part. Les deux questions suivantes (« quand les salariés sortiront-ils de leur poste pour aider les autres collègues et l'organisation dans laquelle ils sont employés ? » et « dans quelle mesure le contexte organisationnel et/ ou les différences individuelles sont responsables de promouvoir ou décourager telles activités de pro sociale de la part des travailleurs ? ») ont besoin de réponses. Nous avons montré que les effets principaux des perceptions de la justice organisationnelle sur l’OCB des employés ne se produisent pas bien dans un échantillon de travailleurs pakistanais tirés de diverses organisations au Pakistan. Ceci suggère que les explications de l'échange social en fonction de la justice-OCB ne s’appliquent pas complètement aux employés pakistanais au Pakistan. La justice distributive a montré des liens cohérents avec certains aspects de comportements de citoyenneté, la justice interactionnelle prédit deux dimensions de l’OCB mais la justice procédurale n'est pas liée à toutes les dimensions de l’OCB. Nos résultats ont montré que les perceptions des employés concernant leur définition du rôle de l’OCB sont associées aux comportements de l’OCB actuels. Les employés qui croient que OCB est une obligation de rôle sont enclins à s'engager dans le comportement considérant l'aspect important du travail et parce que les employés qui perçoivent l’OCB comme extra-rôle sont enclins à répondre à un traitement injuste perçu par réciprocité et diminuent les contributions à la citoyenneté. Nos résultats ont suggéré que si une relation proche existe entre les employés et l'organisation, le comportement de citoyenneté est plus susceptible de se produire. Pour les salariés qui ont une faible orientation sur l'individualisme/collectivisme, les perceptions de justice peuvent accroître le taux d'engagement des comportements de citoyenneté à travers la formulation de l'échange social. Les résultats ont été moins puissants pour la valeur culturelle de distance hiérarchiqueThis study explains the concept of Organizational Citizenship behavior (OCB) in Pakistani work context. Citizenship contributions comprise of those activities which are prosocial in nature and help in effectiveness and efficiency of organizations. Considering the job context, where individuals frequently confront pressures toward profit maximization and self-promotion, it is not surprising to expect that concerns about promoting the welfare of all for the sake of organizational effectiveness may be camouflaged. The workplace conditions place contradictory demands on employees towards both selfishness (e. G. , looking after one’s own welfare and interests) and selflessness (e. G. , giving of oneself for the common welfare of all workers). Therefore following questions need elaboration and some precise answers are necessary regarding ‘when will people go out of their way to help others and the organization in which they are employed?’ and ‘to what extent the organizational context or individual differences are responsible for promoting or discouraging such prosocial activities on the part of the workers?’Theoretical and empirical progress in the field of organizational justice and citizenship behavior suggested that citizenship contributions are forms of expression through which people might readily express their feelings of equity or inequity. The relationship of employee and organization established on the basis of exchange of fair treatment was termed as social exchange relationship. Such a relationship is believed to exist outside the formal contract; and the contributions expected from each party are usually unspecified. The social exchange relationship between justice and OCB has received overwhelming support in the organizational behavior literature. The first objective of our study is to replicate and test the generalizability of social exchange explanations in Pakistani work context. Secondly, we tried to identify certain factors which may act as boundary conditions for the functioning of social exchange relationships. Employees’ in a similar work context may have different value orientations and /or beliefs about their job duties, thus having different conceptions of required and extrarole aspects of their job. W hypothesized the moderating influences of individual cultural orientations (individualism/collectivism, & power distance) and employee role-definitions on social exchange relationship (justice – OCB). Our study participants were employees of private sector organizations. Matching questionnaires were distributed to supervisors and subordinates in each company. Our results showed that social exchange explanations of justice-OCB relationships do not replicate well in Pakistani work context, as we found the significant effect of only distributive justice on OCB dimensions, marginal effect of interactional justice while no effect of procedural justice was found. Individualism/collectivism was a stronger moderator of justice-OCB relationships as compared to power distance. The moderating effect of individualism/collectivism were significant for OCB dimensions of helping and sportsmanship, while moderating effect of power distance was found for compliance and sportsmanship dimensions of OCB. The individual cultural values were found as predictor of OCB role definitions (helping and civic virtue dimensions) in high justice conditions. The moderating role of OCB- role definitions was confirmed only for the effect of distributive justice on helping dimension of OCB. Generally, we can conclude that we found support for moderating influences of individual level cultural values and OCB role-definition on justice-OCB relationships
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Icard, Benjamin. "Lying, deception and strategic omission : definition and evaluation." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEE001/document.
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Cette thèse vise à mieux définir ainsi qu'à mieux évaluer les stratégies de tromperie et de manipulation de l'information. Des ressources conceptuelles, formelles et expérimentales sont combinées en vue d'analyser des cas standards de tromperie, tels que le mensonge, mais aussi non-standards, tels que les inférences trompeuses et l'omission stratégique. Les aspects définitionnels sont traités en premier. J'analyse la définition traditionnelle du mensonge en présentant des résultats empiriques en faveur de cette définition classique (dite 'définition subjective'), contre certains arguments visant à défendre une 'définition objective' par l'ajout d'une condition de fausseté. J'examine ensuite une énigme logique issue de R. Smullyan, et qui porte sur un cas limite de tromperie basé sur une règle d'inférence par défaut pour tromper un agent par omission. Je traite ensuite des aspects évaluatifs. Je pars du cadre existant pour l'évaluation du renseignement et propose une typologie des messages fondée sur les dimensions descriptives de vérité (pour leur contenu) et d'honnêteté (pour leur source). Je présente ensuite une procédure numérique pour l'évaluation des messages basée sur les dimensions évaluatives de crédibilité (pour la vérité) et de fiabilité (pour l'honnêteté). Des modèles numériques de plausibilité servent à capturer la crédibilité a priori des messages puis des règles numériques sont proposées pour actualiser ces degrés selon la fiabilité de la sourceThis thesis aims at improving the definition and evaluation of deceptive strategies that can manipulate information. Using conceptual, formal and experimental resources, I analyze three deceptive strategies, some of which are standard cases of deception, in particular lies, and others non-standard cases of deception, in particular misleading inferences and strategic omissions. Firstly, I consider definitional aspects. I deal with the definition of lying, and present new empirical data supporting the traditional account of the notion (called the ‘subjective definition’), contradicting recent claims in favour of a falsity clause (leading to an ‘objective definition’). Next, I analyze non-standard cases of deception through the categories of misleading defaults and omissions of information. I use qualitative belief revision to examine a puzzle due to R. Smullyan about the possibility of triggering a default inference to deceive an addressee by omission. Secondly, I consider evaluative aspects. I take the perspective of military intelligence data processing to offer a typology of informational messages based on the descriptive dimensions of truth (for message contents) and honesty (for message sources). I also propose a numerical procedure to evaluate these messages based on the evaluative dimensions of credibility (for truth) and reliability (for honesty). Quantitative plausibility models are used to capture degrees of prior credibility of messages, and dynamic rules are defined to update these degrees depending on the reliability of the source
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Thompson, Alexandra Claire Marie. "Heart failure : re-evaluating causes and definitions and the value of routine cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging." Thesis, Durham University, 2016. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11776/.
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Objective: To differentiate the demographics and imaging characteristics of a heart failure population using a comprehensive echocardiographic protocol and routine CMR imaging, and to assess the clinical value of routine CMR in this population. Methods: A novel comprehensive diagnostic pathway for heart failure was prospectively applied to 319 new patients attending the Darlington and Bishop Auckland heart failure clinic between May 2013 and July 2014. All had a full clinical assessment and an initial basic clinical transthoracic echo performed. Those patients given a diagnosis of heart failure went on to have routine CMR imaging as well as a more detailed echo scan incorporating a variety of systolic and diastolic measurements. Retrospectively, a cohort of 116 patients with left ventricular systolic impairment, that had both CMR and invasive coronary angiography, were analysed to determine the ability of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) CMR to predict prognostic coronary artery disease. Main results: 1. Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFREF) accounted for the cause of heart failure in 73% of cases whereas heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) accounted for only 14% of cases. 2. Incorporating CMR into the routine assessment of newly diagnosed heart failure patients changed the diagnosis in 22% of cases (14% of cases for those who had an echo performed on the same day). 3. CMR left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) averages 3.9% units higher than Simpson’s Biplane LVEF with echo. 4. Regional wall motion score (RWMS) equations were inferior to a Simpson’s Biplane assessment of LVEF by echo and cannot be advocated for routine clinical use. 5. The presence of subendocardial LGE on CMR demonstrated infarcts in 42% of those with HFREF, 20% of those with HFPEF, and 40% of those with heart failure with no major structural disease (HFNMSD). 6. The absence of subendocardial LGE excluded prognostic coronary disease in 100% of cases. 7. LGE in a non subendocardial distribution was prevalent in both the HFREF and HFPEF community with a greater average burden in the HFPEF group. 8. E/e’ and left atrial volume index (LAVI) were the most helpful echo measures for a positive diagnosis of HFPEF and could be measured in over 90% of cases. 9. Systolic dysfunction out with reduced ejection fraction is present in 76% of the HFPEF cohort. Conclusion: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) is not the epidemic previous literature would have us believe. It is over-diagnosed in current practice due to lax definitions and inappropriately low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) cut-offs. CMR has a substantial impact on the diagnostic profile of the heart failure population. It revokes the diagnosis of HFREF to a greater extent than is accounted for by the temporal improvement in LVEF, even when taking into account method specific LVEF thresholds. CMR with LGE has additive value for identifying infarcts in a sizeable number of patients for whom there is no suspicion of ischaemic heart disease (IHD), and raising the novel concept that ischaemia may account for symptoms in many of those with HFNMSD. It also demonstrates an impressive ability to exclude prognostic coronary disease. Additionally, LGE in a non subendocardial distribution establishes aetiology including myocarditis and sarcoidosis that would not be detected with echo alone. The diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is not standardised and all current protocols are deficient. The cause and mechanism of this condition remains unclear and this study helped clarify the contribution of systolic versus diastolic dysfunction versus simply the presence of atrial fibrillation. Key diagnostic parameters were identified for routine clinical use and CMR LGE imaging demonstrating a greater average burden of non subendocardial LGE may support the postulated fibrotic infiltrative mechanism of pathology in this group.
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Patel, Sonali Subhashchandra. "Non-Syndromic atrioventricular septal defects: a refined definition, associated risk factors, and prognostic factors for left atrioventricular valve replacement following primary repair." Diss., University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/871.
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Congenital heart defects (CHDs) constitute a major proportion of clinically significant birth defects and are an important component of pediatric cardiovascular disease. Atrioventricular septal defects (AVSDs) include a range of anomalies characterized by atrial, ventricular, and atrioventricular (AV) valve defects. AVSDs commonly occur in the presence of a syndrome, most frequently Down syndrome; they also occur in isolation and are referred to as non-syndromic AVSDs (NSAVSDs). These studies were performed to evaluate for presence of an intermediate phenotype in parents and siblings of a child with a NSAVSD, risk factors associated with NSAVSDs, and prognostic risk factors for left AV valve replacement following primary repair of an AVSD.
It was shown that the mean body surface area-standardized AV septal length (AVSL) was significantly shorter in the NSAVSD parents and siblings than in parents and siblings of syndromic AVSD case and control children. Using age- and gender-adjusted body surface area-standardized AVSL, it was determined that there was evidence for two component distributions in parents and siblings of NSAVSD children, suggesting the presence of an intermediate. Broadening the definition of AVSD to include those with a shortened AVSL may increase the power of genetic association and mapping studies to identify susceptibility genes.
Risk factors associated with NSAVSD were examined using the 1997-2005 National Birth Defects Prevention Study database. Mothers who actively smoked or were exposed to passive smoke anytime from one month prior to pregnancy through the end of the first trimester were more likely to have an infant with a NSAVSD. There was a suggestive association between AVSDs and use of antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral medications. Additional investigations are warranted to investigate associations with specific medications as well as to uncover possible gene-environment interaction effects that may modify these risks in order to develop improved primary prevention strategies.
Using the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium database, factors associated with time to first reoperation and time to replacement following primary AVSD repair were evaluated. Type of AVSD repair, closure of the mitral valve cleft, moderate to severe postoperative left AV valve regurgitation, and presence of postoperative complete heart block were associated with earlier time to reoperation after adjusting for age and weight at AVSD repair. Down syndrome and presence of postoperative mitral stenosis were associated with earlier time to replacement. Prognostic risk factors following left AV valve replacement in children who had previously undergone AVSD repair were also identified. A prosthetic valve size to body weight ratio of greater than 3 and the presence of Down syndrome were identified as predictors of in-hospital death following left AV valve replacement.
By adding to our knowledge of the AVSD familial and environmental risk factors from these studies, we will be able to (1) improve genetic counseling, (2) identify other family members for genetic testing, (3) begin to devise primary prevention strategies, and (4) improve treatment modalities. By recognizing prognostic factors which influence survival, optimal patient care can be devised which will not only improve treatment modalities, but also long-term survival.
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Nilsson, Viktor, and Ola Serck. "A comparative study of manually and remote-controlled valves in Dar es Salaam : Efficiency of remote-controlled water valves in water supply systems." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-256332.
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Water is an essential resource for basic human survival, but today several cities and people lack access to both reliable and clean water. Dar es Salaam in Tanzania is undergoing a rapid population growth and need to improve their current water delivery system in order to provide water to the city’s inhabitants. This report’s objective is to examine if Dar es Salaam Water and Sewerage Authority (DAWASA) manual water valve operation is improved with the usage of remote-controlled valves instead. The remote-controlled system will consequently be evaluated and compared against the manually controlled valves. In order to obtain necessary data for this study interviews and field trips were conducted at DAWASA as well as at the local market at Kariakoo. Additionally, information has also been gathered from the collaboration partners at College of Information and Communication Technologies (CoICT). The results provided information that a remote-controlled system could, in the measured reference area of 52 km of water pipes, save up to 900 U.S dollar monthly and 46 m3 of water daily for DAWASA. These savings would consequently contribute to an increase in resources which leads to further improvements to the current water distribution system. Because, today’s system is in need of a development in order to sufficiently provide potable water to the city. The remote-controlled system could also help to reduce the spread of waterborne diseases, destruction of roads and create a more reliable source of water since the water valves would be regulated more efficiently. A remote-controlled system would however need a sufficient amount of funding in order to be installed, but is both simpler to install and a more feasible solution compared to other alternatives. For these reasons, the designed system is concluded to be a more effective, sustainable and economical feasible solution for handling and managing the outdated valves.
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Landin, Cecilia, and Evelina Ledin. "Vad är ett riktigt arbete? -En kvantitativ undersökning som förklarar inställningen till vad som bör inkluderas i definitionen av ett riktigt arbete." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-92442.
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With an increased globalization and flexibility of the labor market, the views and values of work have changed. The purpose of this study is to examine attitudes towards what defines a real job, based on parameters such as generational affiliation, level of education and form of employment. Furthermore, the study examines if precarious work is perceived as real jobs. The study has taken its starting point in Adam Smith’s Labor Theory of Value and Guy Standing’s description of the Precariat. The study has been implemented through a quantitative method, where questionnaires were used to collect data. These questionnaires were shared via social media. The collected material was analyzed using correlation measurements and cross-tabulations. The results of the study show that there is a difference among the generations' attitudes towards what constitutes the definition of a real job. The majority of the younger generation that had been consulted did not agree with that the working conditions listed in the questionnaire were essential for a job to be defined as real. As precarious work seldom includes the conditions referred to in the question formulated in this study, it can be concluded that the younger generation seems to perceive precarious work as real jobs. The result showed that level of education and form of employment affected each generations’ attitude towards what aspects should be included in the definition of a real job.Genom ökad globalisering och flexibilitet på arbetsmarknaden har synen på och värderingar av vad ett arbete är ändrats. Syftet är, att bland respondenterna i studien, undersöka inställningen till vad som bör inkluderas i definitionen av ett riktigt arbete, med hänsyn till generationstillhörighet, utbildningsnivå och anställningsform. Undersökningen har utgått ifrån Adam Smiths teori om arbetets värde samt Guy Standings beskrivning av prekariatet. Studiens huvudsakliga frågeställning är huruvida generationstillhörighet påverkar inställningen till om kollektivavtal, huvudsaklig inkomstkälla samt meningsfullhet, bör inkluderas i definitionen av ett riktigt arbete. Vidare undersöks även om respondenternas utbildningsnivå och anställningsform kan komma att påverka dessa inställningar. Ytterligare en frågeställning i undersökningen är huruvida prekära arbeten uppfattas vara riktiga arbeten. Studien har genomförts med en kvantitativ metod där enkäter använts som datainsamling. Materialet analyserades med hjälp av sambandsmått och korstabeller. Studiens resultat visar att det finns en skillnad bland de olika generationernas inställning till vad som utgör definitionen av ett riktigt arbete. Majoriteten av de yngre i studien höll inte med om att de arbetsförhållanden som ingått i undersökningen krävdes för att ett arbete skulle definieras som ett riktigt arbete. Då prekära arbeten sällan inkluderar de aspekter som berörts i den huvudsakliga frågeställningen, kan det konkluderas att den yngre generationen uppfattar prekära arbeten som riktiga arbeten. Respondenternas utbildningsnivå eller anställningsform visade sig påverka generationernas inställning till vad som ska inkluderas i definitionen av ett riktigt arbete.
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CHEN, SHU-CHUNG. "EASTERN AND WESTERN CULTURAL VALUES: IMPLICATION FOR TRAINING ASIAN COUNSELORS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1085605728.
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Hugosson, Mårten. "Constructing cultural patterns from actor's views on industrial forestry in Sweden : an interpretive study based on assessments of conceptualizations and definitions in organizational culture theory /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5647-9.pdf.
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Silva, Márcia Regina Marques Amado da. "Responsabilidade social empresarial e agregação de valor : o caso de uma empresa plantadora de eucalipto na Amazônia." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2015. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4981.
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Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar como as ações de responsabilidade social empresarial (RSE) desenvolvidas por uma empresa plantadora de eucalipto na Zona da Amazônia Legal agregam valor para a empresa e para seus stakeholders. A pesquisa se desenvolveu por meio de estudo de caso, com coleta de dados por meio de entrevistas e análise de resultados com base no referencial teórico existente na literatura disponíveis no portal CAPES, GOOGLE ACADÊMICO, SCOPUS/SCIENCE DIRECT, EBSCO, EMERALD, Livros e Revistas. Foram estudados a empresa, stakeholders internos, stakeholders externos vinculados à empresa e stakeholders externos, a fim de analisar como a empresa define sua estratégia de negócios ao mesmo tempo em que contempla ganhos financeiros sem perder de vistas com relação a sua responsabilidade perante toda a sociedade. A empresa estudada situa-se numa região de floresta amazônica, cerrado e área de transição. Embora abrigue polêmicas em torno de suas atividades, mostra-se sensível às questões sociais e ambientais. Os resultados indicam que para a empresa conseguir a agregação de valor por meio de RSE foi necessário investir na governança humana dos seus colaboradores e integrar as iniciativas sociais com as suas estratégias de negócios, alternativa importante para práticas de desenvolvimento sustentável na região da Amazônia Legal. A empresa obtém agregação de valor de suas iniciativas de RSE dado as melhorias de relacionamentos com os grupos de stakeholders, motivação dos trabalhadores, ganho em produtividade e melhoria da imagem corporativa. No que se refere aos stakeholders internos (funcionários), as ações de RSE geram valor em função da melhoria de vida dos profissionais, somadas ao respeito e á preocupação da empresa relacionado à preservação do meio ambiente. Para os stakeholder externos vinculados à empresa (parceiros), o valor agregado é evidenciado na melhoria da qualidade de vida no campo social, econômico e ambiental da comunidade. E os stakeholder externos ratificam-se os problemas relacionados à água após o plantio de eucaliptos, e questiona-se que o Estudo de Impacto Ambiental que concedeu o licenciamento da empresa não contempla todo o território indígena.
This work aims to analyze how actions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) de-veloped by a eucalyptus plantation company in the Amazon zone add value to the company and its stakeholders. The research was developed through case study with data collection using results of interviews and analysis based on existing theoretical literature available in the CAPES portal, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, SCOPUS / SCIENCE DIRECT, EBSCO, EMERALD, books and magazines. The company, internal stake-holders, external stakeholders related to the company and external stakeholders were studied in order to analyze how the company defines its business strategy while contemplating financial gain without losing views with respect to its responsi-bility to the whole society. The company studied is located in a region of the Amazon rainforest, savannah and transition area. The company, although holding controver-sy about its activities, proves to be sensitive to social and environmental issues. The results indicate that for the company to achieve added value through CSR was necessary to invest in human governance of its employees and integrate social initiatives with their business strategies, important alternative to sustainable development practices in the Amazon region. The company obtains added value of their CSR initiatives given the improvements relationships with stakeholder groups, employee motivation, productivity gains and improved corporate image. With regard to internal stakeholders (employees), CSR actions generate value as a function of improving the lives of professionals, added to the respect and will concern the company related to the preservation of the environment. For external stakeholders related to the company (partners), the value is evidenced in improving the quality of life in the social, economic and environmental community. And the external stake-holder ratify up the problems related to water after planting eucalyptus, and asks that the Environmental Impact Study which granted the license the company does not include the entire Indigenous territory.
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Lee, Hong. "Biological Functionalism and Mental Disorder." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1334163116.
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Ciappuccini, Renaud. "Apport de l'imagerie fonctionnelle par TEMP/TDM et TEP/TDM dans la prise en charge des cancers différenciés de la thyroïde Incremental Value of a Dedicated Head and Neck Acquisition during 18F-FDG PET/CT in Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Full text links full-text provider logo Actions Favorites Share Page navigation Title & authors Abstract Conflict of interest statement Figures Similar articles Cited by References Related information LinkOut - more resources EJNMMI Res . 2018 Dec 3;8(1):104. doi: 10.1186/s13550-018-0461-x. Optimization of a dedicated protocol using a small-voxel PSF reconstruction for head-and-neck 18 FDG PET/CT imaging in differentiated thyroid cancer 78 Lymph node involvement in head-and-neck and thyroid cancers with digital PET/CT: the impact of ultra-high definition voxels and point-spread function Tumor burden of persistent disease in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer: correlation with postoperative risk-stratification and impact on outcome 133 18F-Fluorocholine PET/CT is a highly sensitive but poorly specific tool for identifying malignancy in thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology: The Chocolate study PSMA expression in neovasculature of persistent/recurrent differentiated thyroid cancerin the neck: relationship with radioiodine uptake, 18Fluorodeoxyglucose avidity and outcome." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC424.
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L’imagerie scintigraphique des cancers thyroïdiens différenciés (CTD) présente la particularité d’utiliser deux radiopharmaceutiques, l’iode 131 (131I) et le 18-Fluorodésoxyglucose (18FDG). La fixation de ces traceurs dépend habituellement du degré de différenciation et de l’agressivité de la tumeur. L’objectif de ce travail était d’étudier l’apport de différents aspects techniques et d’instrumentation, à savoir l’imagerie hybride par TEMP/TDM et TEP/TDM, la point-spread function (PSF), la taille des voxels et la technologie TEP digitale, et d’explorer si d’autres traceurs TEP pouvaient présenter un intérêt. Le but de la première partie était d’étudier les performances de la TEP/TDM au 18FDG à l’étage cervical pour la détection de la maladie ganglionnaire. Une acquisition TEP/TDM dédiée a amélioré la détection de la maladie tumorale par rapport à l’acquisition classique. L’utilisation de la PSF a permis de détecter des tailles de lésions plus petites et la durée optimale de cette acquisition a été évaluée. Des reconstructions avec des tailles de voxels ultra-fines ont été réalisées sur TEP digitale pour étudier l’impact de la PSF et des voxels ultra-fins sur les données quantitatives. La seconde partie a porté sur l’imagerie 131I-TEMP/TDM et 18FDG-TEP/TDM, afin de quantifier le volume de la maladie persistante. Il a ainsi été montré que la masse tumorale était corrélée au risque post-opératoire et avait un impact sur la réponse au traitement. L’objectif de la troisième partie était d’étudier un autre traceur TEP, la 18-Fluorocholine (FCH), ainsi qu’un marqueur de la néovascularisation, l’antigène membranaire spécifique de la prostate (PSMA). Nos données suggèrent qu’un examen TEP à la FCH négatif au sein d’un nodule thyroïdien à cytologie indéterminée permettrait d’éliminer la malignité, et pourrait éviter des chirurgies inutiles. Par ailleurs, le marquage au PSMA évalué par immunohistochimie dans les néo-vaisseaux est associé à des facteurs de mauvais pronostic. D’autres études sont nécessaires pour confirmer l’intérêt éventuel des examens TEP à la FCH et au 68Ga-PSMA en oncologie thyroïdienneRadioiodine (131I) and 18-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) are two radiopharmaceuticals used for scintigraphic imaging in differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC). Tumour uptake of each tracer depends on tumour differentiation and aggressiveness. Our goal was to further assess various technical aspects in DTC imaging workup, such as SPECT/CT and PET/CT, point-spread function (PSF), voxel size, digital PET, and to explore further other PET tracers. The aim of the first part was to assess the performance of 18FDG PET/CT for the detection of neck lymph node involvement. A dedicated PET/CT acquisition improved tumour detection compared to the whole-body acquisition. PSF reconstruction allowed detection of smaller cancer deposits and the optimal acquisition duration time was assessed. Using digital PET acquisitions, ultra-thin voxels reconstructions were performed. The impact of ultra-thin voxels and PSF on quantitative values was evaluated. The second part focused on 131I-SPECT/CT and 18FDG-PET/CT imaging, in an attempt to assess tumour burden of persistent disease. Tumor burden was correlated with the postoperative risk and affected the response to therapy. In the third part, another PET tracer, i.e. 18-Fluorocholine (FCH), and a marker of neovasculature, i.e. prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), were studied. FCH PET/CT offered high negative predictive value to reliably exclude cancer in PET-negative nodules with indeterminate cytology and might prevent unnecessary surgeries. Also, PSMA expression assessed with immunohistochemistry was associated with poor prognosis factors. Further studies are needed to confirm new insights of FCH PET and 68Ga-PSMA PET in DTC
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HSU, CHING-LI, and 許靖利. "Indicators Construction of the Definition of Social Enterprise: Economic Value, Social Value, Vulnerable Workforce Caring and Stakeholders." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/bjd7d4.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中正大學
勞工關係研究所
106
Abstract In order to explore the definition of social enterprise, the study evaluates the concepts of industry, official, and university about four range inclusive of economic value(financial resource and distribution of revenue; donation from government or others), social value(mission and innovation), care of underprivileged minority(job opportunity and vocational training), and stakeholder(participation of decision making; accountability) through literature review and in-depth interview. The study interviews seven persons including two businessmen, two government official and three professors. Main findings are as below: For economic value, due to donation form government and others belongs to unstable income, income from product and service should at least account for 50 percent to stabilize variable operating. The idea of social enterprise is distributing no earnings, if any, should put into social target or improvement of working condition and environment. For social value, whether needing approval for reference of pros and cons by government should ruled clearly in article of incorporation. At time of dismissing, social enterprise should return its asset to origination. For care of underprivileged minority, assistance in minority employment doesn't equal social enterprise. The assistance in minority employment depends on plan and development of organization. Social enterprise is almost employments-oriented in its initial phase, which means enhancing competitiveness of underprivileged minority on labor market, otherwise depending on management of organization and vocational attitude of this group. For stakeholder, the management of social enterprise originates from multiple organization. Decision maker and executor should have strategy in common to benefit all stakeholders most. Social enterprise should release necessary information gradually especially on finance. Social enterprise should balance between financial and social value. Through the definition of social enterprises, the evaluation project allocation can induce four kinds of social enterprises, such as basic type, metamorphosis type, growth type, progressive type and so on, and the weighted degree of four kinds of evaluation items should be different, so that it can depict pluralistic states of social enterprise. Keyword: Social Enterprise, Economic Value, Social Value, Caring Vulnerable Workforce and Stakeholders.
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"Using Industry Data to Make an Impact on Construction Practices over the Project Lifecycle." Doctoral diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.63043.
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abstract: The construction industry generates tremendous amounts of data every day. Data can inform practitioners to increase their project performance as well as the quality of the resulting built environment. The data gathered from each stage has unique characteristics, and processing them to the appropriate information is critical. However, it is often difficult to measure the impact of the research across project phases (i.e., planning, design, construction, operation and maintenance, and end-of-life). The goal of this dissertation is to present how industry data can be used to make an impact on construction practices and test a suite of methods to measure the impact of construction research across project phases. The dissertation provides examples of impactful research studies for each project phase to demonstrate the collection and utilization of data generated from each stage and to assess the potential tangible impact on construction industry practices. The completed studies presented both quantitative and qualitative analyses. The first study focuses on the planning phase and provides a practice to improve frond end planning (FEP) implementation by developing the project definition rating index (PDRI) maturity and accuracy total rating system (MATRS). The second study uses earned value management system (EVMS) information from the design and construction phases to support reliable project control and management. The dissertation then provides a third study, this time focusing on the operations phase and comparing the impact of project delivery methods using the international roughness index (IRI). Lastly, the end-of-life or decommissioning phase is tackled through a study that gauges the monetary impact of the circular economy concept applied to reuse construction and demolition (C&D) waste. This dissertation measures the impact of the research according to the knowledge mobilization (KMb) theory, which illustrates the value of the work to the public and to practitioners.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Civil, Environmental and Sustainable Engineering 2020
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Li, Meng-Chen, and 李孟臻. "Pulse Wave Analysis of Mechanical Alternans of Small-Breed Dogs with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease Using High-Definition Oscillometry." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10174688096978712080.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
獸醫學系暨研究所
105
Degenerative myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is the most common canine heart disease. The prevalence is higher in small-breed dogs. MMVD is characterized by chronic myxomatous mitral valve degeneration resulting in thickening and incomplete apposition of the valve leaflets during systole with secondary mitral regurgitation (MR) and congestive heart failure (CHF) eventually. Mechanical alternans is a phenomenon of alternating strong and weak beats with a constant beat-to-beat interval. The phenomenon has been recognized in patients with CHF. The purpose of the study is to investigate the prevalence and the interaction with CHF of mechanical alternans in small-breed dogs with MMVD using High-Definition Oscillometry (HDO) device (HDO®). In the present study, 22 small-breed dogs diagnosed with MMVD were included which examinations by using HDO device, by which blood pressures and pulse waveforms (via software) can be recorded, were performed at the same visit. The degree of CHF were classified according to the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) recommendations for dogs with MMVD. Twelve patients (54.6%) showed mechanical alternans, and there is an increasing trend in the prevalence of mechanical alternans with increasing CHF classes according to Cochran-Armitage trend test (p<0.05). When taking treatment into account, 3 of 8 patients (37.5%) without treatment showed mechanical alternans, and besides the same increasing trend, there is significant difference in CHF classes between groups with and without mechanical alternans according to Fisher’s exact test (p<0.05). In conclusion, the present of mechanical alternans can be detected by using HDO device, and small-breed dogs with mechanical alternans had higher CHF classes.
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Schejbalová, Tereza. "Vývoj a současnost novinářské profese a vzdělání novinářů na australském kontinentu." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-298604.
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Media, being a strongly cultural specific phenomenon is always closesly connected to society. The role of a journalist is influenced by the same process. This thesis is focused on the evolution of the journalism profession in a young and unfamiliar Australian environment and it's differences to a European journalstic environment where the profession has been evolving for a much longer period. Journalism was "imported" to the Australian Continent during British colonisation. This diverse evolution of the journalism profession post colonisation has influenced contemporary journalism education at Australian Universities. Analysis of the study curiculums of Six Universities (Three Czech Universities, which represent the academic model for European academic traditons, and three Australian Universities) will show that differences in journalistic education have strongly influenced the preparation of students into the journalism profession. The thesis will aim to show that Australian Universities are strongly oriented toward practicing skills. This will be shown to be in comparrison to the Czech Universities which focus on principles of general academic knowledge and understanding in the wider context of the journalism profession.
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Dickson, Nicole. "The value of narrative practices in pastoral conversations." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/8622.
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The purpose of this research is to explore how narrative practices can be meaningful in pastoral conversations with women living with breast cancer. A theoretical collaboration between narrative therapy, feminism and pastoral theology has been used in order to facilitate meaning-making, to give ‘voice’ to local knowledge, and to co-create a more holistic understanding of the experiences of illness narratives and breast cancer. The methodology of this research is ‘interdisciplinary’ and uses qualitative, co-participatory action research and reflexivity as its research design. Conversations with the co-researchers explore illness narratives, breast cancer, spirituality and faith, life-giving relationships, femininity and body image, socially constructed discourses and pivotal moments that enable alternative stories. Values of respect, curiosity and listening have been upheld in order to provide a safe place for the co-researchers to give voice to their stories and experiences of breast cancer in a way that supports the researcher position of ‘witness’.Practical Theology
M. Th. (Practical Theology, with specialisation in Pastoral Therapy)
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Evans, Paul L. "Treaty past, treaty present : an interdisciplinary analysis of the Pacific Salmon Treaty through examination of the values, culture and political structures that provide definition." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/33563.
Full textAbstract:
The Pacific Salmon Treaty was established by Canada and the United States
to secure sustainability of salmon harvests within the Pacific Northwest. Renewed
in June 1999, the treaty functions to legitimize and empower the Pacific Salmon
Commission as the agent of fishery sustainability. The Pacific Salmon
Commission serves as a bilateral recommendation-making body. Through its
formal and informal, communications, the commission suggests action and defines
regional salmon policy. Over the past decade pressures related to overharvest,
changing oceanic conditions, and an increasing demand for production have
challenged the commission and the fishery as never before.
The Pacific Salmon Treaty was officially signed into existence in 1985. It
was supposed to be re-ratified in 1992. This did not occur. From 1992 until 1999
numerous ratification processes were attempted, all but one failed. During this
time tensions mounted and expressed frustrations nearly prompted overt violence.
In August 1997 Canadian fishermen angered at the lack of a solution blockaded a
U.S. passenger ferry thrusting the issue onto the world stage. In response to the crisis Canada and the U.S. empowered a joint commission to find resolution.
While the resultant Strangway-Ruckelshaus Initiative proved to be a failure, its
findings paved the way for eventual re-ratification.
The Pacific Salmon Treaty exists because salmon within the Pacific
Northwest represent different but simultaneous values within rooted world view
orientations. The respective political cultures of Canada and the U.S. have
sustained administrative regimes consistent with their dominant understanding of
salmon and its values. Divergent cultural expectations and shared economic
pressures have sustained conflict over the fishery and led to political and economic
uncertainty. The Pacific Salmon Treaty is a work in progress. Understanding the
treaty's context, historical development and function is vital for the sustainability
of the fishery.
The recent ratification of the Pacific Salmon Treaty represents an evolution
in shared resource management. Based upon an "abundance-based management"
regime the 1999 agreement provides the Pacific Salmon Commission with more
discretionary capacity. However, the new pact may prove to be incomplete in form
and function because of contradictory world view orientations. This research
suggests that an emphasis on struggle management instead of conflict avoidance
coupled with an enhanced bilateral commitment to the sustainability of the fishery
may prove most helpful for the long-term outlook of the salmon. It also suggests
that it is simply too early to tell whether this most recent attempt can or will "save
the salmon."Graduation date: 2001