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Journal articles on the topic 'Deflocculation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

Henriques, I. D. S., R. T. Kelly, and N. G. Love. "Deflocculation effects due to chemical perturbations in sequencing batch reactors." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 10 (2004): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0662.

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Toxic shock-induced deflocculation was examined for activated sludge exposed to six different classes of industrially relevant chemical toxins: an electrophilic solvent (1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, CDNB), a heavy metal (cadmium), a hydrophobic chemical (1-octanol), an uncoupling agent (2,4-initrophenol, DNP), alkaline pH, and weakly complexed cyanide. The concentrations required to inhibit respiration by 50% were used to shock sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) containing a nitrifying (10-day solids retention time (SRT)) and a non-nitrifying (2-day SRT) biomass. Effluent total suspended solids

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2

Zhang, Y., and D. G. Allen. "Strategies for minimizing deflocculation of biosolids due to oxygen disturbances." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 6 (2007): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.226.

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The objective of this paper is to identify deflocculation under short-term disturbances of dissolved oxygen (DO) in a continuous system, and to explore the strategies for minimizing the carry-over of biosolids. Sludge deflocculation was examined in four parallel sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) fed with primary treated effluents from a bleached kraft pulp and paper mill. Results show that the DO transients caused a reduction of soluble COD (SCOD) removal efficiency by 50–70%, increases in suspended solid (SS) concentration and turbidity by more than 100%. Under the DO disturbances, the ratio o

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3

Delavi, D. G. G., A. De Noni, and D. Hotza. "Deflocculant consumption of clay suspensions as a function of specific surface area and cation exchange capacity." Clay Minerals 48, no. 3 (2013): 473–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.2013.048.3.04.

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AbstractCeramic tile production by the wet route requires clay suspensions with a high solid content and low viscosity. In this work the deflocculation of clays in aqueous suspensions was investigated by varying the type of clay and additive. Three kaolinitic and two illitic clays were characterized and dispersed with deflocculants based on lithium, sodium and potassium silicates and polyacrylates. The clays were characterized by chemical and mineralogical analyses, particle size distribution, zeta potential, organic carbon content, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and specific surface area (BET

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4

Morgan-Sagastume, F., and D. Grant Allen. "The assessment of different operating strategies for minimising activated sludge deflocculation under temperature transient conditions." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 3 (2004): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0165.

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Three operating strategies were tested for decreasing activated sludge deflocculation due to temperature shifts from 30° to 45°C: magnesium sludge enrichment, increased sludge retention time (33 d), and spikes of an easily degradable substrate (methanol). The temperature shifts were conducted sequentially in 4 parallel lab-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) treating kraft pulp mill effluent. Three SBRs operated at an SRT = 20 days, and in one of them the sludge was not manipulated, thus, serving as a reference SBR. The temperature shift was associated with decreased soluble chemical oxygen

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5

Abdulkarim, Mubarak, Haruna M. Grema, Ibrahim H. Adamu, et al. "Effect of Using Different Chemical Dispersing Agents in Grain Size Analyses of Fluvial Sediments via Laser Diffraction Spectrometry." Methods and Protocols 4, no. 3 (2021): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mps4030044.

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Laser diffraction spectrometry allows for efficiently obtaining high-resolution grain size data. However, pretreatment and dispersion of aggregates in sediment samples are essential pre-requisites for acquiring accurate results using this method. This study evaluates the effectiveness of five dispersing agents in deflocculating the investigated fluvial sediments and the resulting grain size distribution obtained by laser diffraction spectrometry. We also examine the ability of the different dispersing agents to deflocculate sediment samples treated by thermal combustion. Distilled water presen

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6

Bott, Charles B., and Nancy G. Love. "Implicating the Glutathione-Gated Potassium Efflux System as a Cause of Electrophile-Induced Activated Sludge Deflocculation." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 9 (2004): 5569–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.9.5569-5578.2004.

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ABSTRACT The glutathione-gated K+ efflux (GGKE) system represents a protective microbial stress response that is activated by electrophilic or thiol-reactive stressors. It was hypothesized that efflux of cytoplasmic K+ occurs in activated sludge communities in response to shock loads of industrially relevant electrophilic chemicals and results in significant deflocculation. Novosphingobium capsulatum, a bacterium consistent with others found in activated sludge treatment systems, responded to electrophilic thiol reactants with rapid efflux of up to 80% of its cytoplasmic K+ pool. Furthermore,

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7

Liu, Yang Qiao, and Lian Gao. "Deflocculation of Alumina Suspensions Using Polyelectrolyte Dispersants." Key Engineering Materials 352 (August 2007): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.352.81.

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In this paper, the dispersing abilities of three polyelectrolytes, poly (acrylic acid), poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylate), and a four-member copolymer containing various anionic functional groups were tested for aqueous Al2O3 suspensions. The influence of the dispersants on the surface charge of the powder was evaluated by measuring the zeta potential in dilute Al2O3 suspensions. It was found that all the three dispersants shifted the isoelectric point to a lower pH value. Rheological measurements showed that the four-member dispersant decreased the viscosity in the widest pH range, which should

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8

Nagarajan, M. K. "Entflockung von Kaolinschlämmen / Deflocculation of Kaolinite Slurries." Tenside Surfactants Detergents 28, no. 4 (1991): 230–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tsd-1991-280404.

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9

Trimm, H. H., B. R. Jennings, and K. Parslow. "Colloid deflocculation detection by transient light scattering." Colloids and Surfaces 18, no. 1 (1986): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-6622(86)80198-6.

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10

Li, Gang, Shu Hai Guo, Chun Shan Zhang, and Xi Lin Liu. "Treatment of Oily Sludge from Floatation Process: Floc Breakage and Dewatering." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 579–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.579.

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The aim is to treat oily sludge from floatation process of oil produced water by deflocculation. Based upon analyzing the granularity distribution and dewater efficiency of the flocs, floc breakage and dewater of oily sludge was carried out. The results indicated that the coagulant skeleton builder in sludge could be broken by changing the coalescent state, and deflocculation could disrupt skeleton of the floc and release interstitial water in sludge. The highest dewatering efficiency is about 81.2% at the pH of 4.5 by gravity sedimentation. The sludge had a broader range of granularity distri

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11

Levänen, R. E. "Colloidal Processing of Powder for Membrane Applications." Advances in Science and Technology 45 (October 2006): 382–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.45.382.

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Consolidation of colloidal particles onto porous ceramic substrate is the critical issue in the ceramic membrane preparation. The membrane functional properties are determined mainly by the powder properties, but also by the colloidal condition of the slip. This presentation concentrates on the colloidal processing of submicron alumina for the membrane preparation and for the membrane layer formation based on the capillary colloidal filtration. The solid content of the slip and the degree of deflocculation are the primary factors for the control of the membrane layer growth and pore properties

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12

Osei, R., G. B. Abaka-Wood, G. Ofori-Sarpong, and R. K. Amankwah. "Siltation of Ore Particles in Leaching Tanks: Causative Factors and Mitigation Measures." Ghana Mining Journal 16, no. 2 (2016): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gm.v16i2.7.

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Siltation involves the accumulation of sediment over a considerable period of time and this may occur in closed systems like leaching tanks. Most mining companies in Ghana experience siltation problems during leaching of gold ore. This paper examines the potential causes and possible mitigation measures of siltation. Particle size analysis, slurry settling rate tests and agitation efficiency analysis were used in identifying causative factors of siltation whiles deflocculation test and grind analysis were conducted to ascertain mitigation measures. Results from the study indicated that, high s

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13

Galil, N. I., A. Schwartz-Mittelman, and O. Saroussi-Zohar. "Biomass deflocculation and process disturbances exerted by phenol induced transient load conditions." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 8-9 (1998): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0796.

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Turbidity and relatively high concentrations of polysaccharides (biopolymers), indicating deflocculation of suspended biomass, could be observed as a result of phenol supplied in transient load conditions. The importance of preliminary acclimation could be observed in terms of the phenol removal rates at relatively low transient loading of phenol, up to 500 mg/l. As shock intensity increased to 1,000 and 1,500 mg/l, the acclimated reactors did not show relevant differences when compared to either partially acclimated or on-acclimated reactors. Transient load conditions created by phenol caused

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14

Tadanier, Christopher J., Madeline E. Schreiber, and Jonathan W. Roller. "Arsenic Mobilization through Microbially Mediated Deflocculation of Ferrihydrite." Environmental Science & Technology 39, no. 9 (2005): 3061–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es048206d.

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15

Wilén, Britt-Marie, Kristian Keiding, and Per Halkjær Nielsen. "Anaerobic deflocculation and aerobic reflocculation of activated sludge." Water Research 34, no. 16 (2000): 3933–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1354(00)00274-8.

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16

Gunes, D. Z., J. P. Munch, M. Dorget, A. Knaebel, and F. Lequeux. "Flocculation, deflocculation, and ions migration in latex suspensions." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 286, no. 2 (2005): 564–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2005.01.034.

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17

Liu, Yangqiao, and Lian Gao. "Deflocculation study of aqueous nanosized Y–TZP suspensions." Materials Chemistry and Physics 78, no. 2 (2003): 480–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0254-0584(02)00338-3.

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18

Vieira, L. E., João B. Rodrigues Neto, and Dachamir Hotza. "Rheological Study of Iron Oxide Reinforced by Ceramic Nanoparticles." Materials Science Forum 727-728 (August 2012): 625–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.727-728.625.

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The aim of this work is to produce a stable suspension of iron oxide reinforced by different ceramic nanoparticles like SiO2, TiO2. Measurements of mean particle size, zeta potential and flow curves have been done. Additionally deflocculation curves and sedimentation were drawn to complement the study. The results showed that nanoparticles helped suspensions to maintain a deflocculated stable condition for longer periods of time.

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19

Corradi, Anna Bonamartini, Tiziano Manfredini, Gian Carlo Pellacani, and Paolo Pozzi. "Deflocculation of Concentrated Aqueous Clay Suspensions with Sodium Polymethacrylates." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 77, no. 2 (1994): 509–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1994.tb07022.x.

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20

Camos, C., S. Martorell, A. Rey, D. Güell, J. Robusté, and J. Colprim. "Operational and control practices to improve the performance of small wastewater treatment plants in Catalonia." Water Science and Technology 41, no. 1 (2000): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0009.

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Observations during routine wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) controls in Catalonia suggest that in small Activated Sludge (AS) plants suspended solids separation problems could reach a special intensity. In order to evaluate their incidence, filamentous scums, clarifier floating solids, rising sludge, deflocculation and bulking incidences occurring in 34 small WWTP were controlled for a year. To improve the efficiency of these plants, analyses of mainly suspended solids separation problems were systematically performed.

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21

Gurung, Khum, Morten Lykkegaard Christensen, Mika Sillanpää, Mohamed Chaker Ncibi, and Mads Koustrup Jørgensen. "Nutrients Enrichment and Process Repercussions in Hybrid Microfiltration Osmotic Membrane Bioreactor: A Guideline for Forward Osmosis Development Based on Lab-Scale Experience." Water 12, no. 4 (2020): 1098. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12041098.

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The effects of reverse salt diffusion through a forward osmosis membrane were studied in a microfiltration osmotic membrane bioreactor. The reactor was used to treat and simultaneously concentrate nutrients from wastewater. The system was operated at different draw solution concentrations, leading to varying salinity conditions. A relatively low, yet stable forward osmosis flux was observed regardless of increasing draw solution conductivities from 10 to 50 mS cm−1. A substantial increase in sludge conductivity from 5.7 to 19.8 mS cm−1 was observed during the operation. Batch transmembrane pre

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22

Silva, Douglas Fernandes, Henrique Rosa, Ana Flavia Azevedo Carvalho, and Pedro Oliva-Neto. "Immobilization of Papain on Chitin and Chitosan and Recycling of Soluble Enzyme for Deflocculation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae from Bioethanol Distilleries." Enzyme Research 2015 (January 1, 2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/573721.

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Yeast flocculation (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is one of the most important problems in fuel ethanol production. Yeast flocculation causes operational difficulties and increase in the ethanol cost. Proteolytic enzymes can solve this problem since it does not depend on these changes. The recycling of soluble papain and the immobilization of this enzyme on chitin or chitosan were studied. Some cross-linking agents were evaluated in the action of proteolytic activity of papain. The glutaraldehyde (0.1–10% w·v−1), polyethyleneimine (0.5% v·v−1), and tripolyphosphate (1–10% w·v−1) inactivated the en

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23

Trubitsyn, M., V. Lisnyak, L. Furda, N. Volovicheva, and E. Tarasenko. "DEFLOCCULATION OF HIGH ALUMINA MATRIX SYSTEMS WITH POLYCARBOXYLATE ETHER ADDITIVES." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 7, no. 7 (2022): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2022-7-7-91-100.

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A comparative analysis of the effectiveness of the deflocculating effect of Russian and international polycarboxylate ethers additives on the rheological properties of high-alumina matrix suspensions is presented in this article. For the production of functional matrix systems, submicron activated α-alumina and modified high alumina cement are used in the ratio of 80:20 and 90:10 wt. %, respec-tively. A fluidity of matrix suspensions with a moisture content of 20% is carried out to assess the pres-ence of different deflocculants concentrations. All grades are manifested by rather high defloccu

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24

Lousada-Ferreira, M., A. Moreau, J. B. van Lier, and J. H. J. M. van der Graaf. "Particle counting as a tool to predict filterability in membrane bioreactors activated sludge?" Water Science and Technology 64, no. 1 (2011): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.486.

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Activated sludge quality is one of the major factors influencing flux decline in membrane bioreactors (MBRs). Sludge filterability is a recognized parameter to characterize the physical properties of activated sludge. Decrease in filterability is linked to a higher number of submicron particles. In our present research we studied whether particle counting techniques can be used to indicate deflocculation of the sludge suspended fraction to submicron particles, causing the aforementioned filterability decrease. A total number of 105 activated sludge samples were collected in four full scale mun

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25

Morozov, Valery, and Polivanskaya Valeriya. "Apatite-staffelite ore flotation efficiency improvement using two-stage slurry thickening." Ores and metals, no. 4 (January 10, 2022): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.47765/0869-5997-2021-10032.

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The studies were performed suggesting that the cause of P2O5 losses during apatite-staffelite ores (ASO) treatment are due to non-selective flocculation of fine classes during flotation. When using strong flocculants, special preparation of condensed slurries is necessary, ensuring their deflocculation before the flotation process. A scheme and mode of preparation of fine classes for the flotation process have been developed, including thickening of the classification overflows using strong anionic flocculants and deflocculation of the thic

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26

Andreola, Fernanda, Marcello Romagnoli, Elena Castellini, Gigliola Lusvardi, and Ledi Menabue. "Role of the Surface Treatment in the Deflocculation of Kaolinite." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 89, no. 3 (2006): 1107–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00814.x.

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27

Van den Broeck, R., J. Van Dierdonck, B. Caerts, et al. "The impact of deflocculation–reflocculation on fouling in membrane bioreactors." Separation and Purification Technology 71, no. 3 (2010): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2009.12.006.

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28

Nishihara, Hiroshi, Kenta Anzai, and Masataka Niimura. "Possible mechanism of flocculation and deflocculation of unusual flocculent yeast." Journal of Biotechnology 150 (November 2010): 511–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.09.810.

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29

Pogue, Amy J., and Kimberley A. Gilbride. "Impact of protozoan grazing on nitrification and the ammonia- and nitrite-oxidizing bacterial communities in activated sludge." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 53, no. 5 (2007): 559–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w07-027.

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In activated sludge, protozoa feed on free-swimming bacteria and suspended particles, inducing flocculation and increasing the turnover rate of nutrients. In this study, the effect of protozoan grazing on nitrification rates under various conditions in municipal activated sludge batch reactors was examined, as was the spatial distribution of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) within the activated sludge. The reactors were monitored for ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and total nitrogen concentrations, and bacterial numbers in the presence and absence of cyclohexim

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30

Mikkelsen, L. H., and K. Keiding. "Effects of solids concentration on activated sludge deflocculation, conditioning and dewatering." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 2-3 (2001): 417–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0797.

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Optimum conditioning of activated sludge in terms of minimum CST was shown to correspond to the complete removal of turbidity, and the increase in turbidity with shear due to e.g. pumping is therefore expected to affect conditioning. The optimum polymer dosage was directly related to the turbidity of activated sludge after two minutes shear, and was considerably lower than the dosage required for charge neutralisation. The turbidity produced by shear increased more than is proportional with solids concentration and was directly related to the apparent viscosity. It is suggested that increasing

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31

Wimmer, Robert F., and Nancy G. Wimmer. "Activated Sludge Deflocculation in Response to Chlorine Addition: The Potassium Connection." Water Environment Research 76, no. 3 (2004): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143004x141753.

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32

Wimmer, Robert F., and Nancy G. Love. "ACTIVATED SLUDGE DEFLOCCULATION IN RESPONSE TO CHLORINE ADDITION: THE POTASSIUM CONNECTION." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2002, no. 17 (2002): 18–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864702784249060.

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33

Morgan-Sagastume, Fernando, and D. Grant Allen. "Activated sludge deflocculation under temperature upshifts from 30 to 45°C." Water Research 39, no. 6 (2005): 1061–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2004.12.027.

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34

Landrou, Gnanli, Coralie Brumaud, Michael L. Plötze, Frank Winnefeld, and Guillaume Habert. "A fresh look at dense clay paste: Deflocculation and thixotropy mechanisms." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 539 (February 2018): 252–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.12.029.

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35

Su, Chia-Chi, and Yun-Hwei Shen. "Deflocculation and Classification of Electric Arc Furnace Dust in Aqueous Solution." Separation Science and Technology 44, no. 8 (2009): 1816–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01496390902775299.

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36

Nishihara, Hiroshi, Tetsuya Fujita, Naomi Yokoi, and Masaomi Takao. "STUDIES ON FLOCCULATION OFSACCAROMYCES DIASTATICUS, ESPECIALLY IRREVERSIBLE DEFLOCCULATION BY FE (III)*." Journal of the Institute of Brewing 100, no. 6 (1994): 427–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2050-0416.1994.tb00842.x.

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37

Sokolář, Radomír. "Dispersants for Dual Binding System Kaolin - Calcium Aluminate Cement." Advanced Materials Research 1124 (September 2015): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1124.10.

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Calcium aluminate cement CAC is able to increase strength of green body distintly. Influence of typical ceramic dispersants – sodium hexametaphosphate SHMP, sodium carbonate SC and sodium silicate (water glass) SWG – on the rheological properties (viscosity) of calcium aluminate cement – kaolin slurries with different ratio between CAC and kaolin was determined. In all cases sodium carbonate is the most effective dispersant but deflocculation is not very intensive – decrease of torque during the rotational viscometer test was not higher than 15 % (from 68,8 N.mm to 58.3 N.mm for ratio 1:1 of C

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38

Sokolař, Radomír, and Lucie Vodová. "Sodium Hexametaphosphate as Deflocculation Agent for Calcium Aluminate Cements in Porcelain Body." Advanced Materials Research 897 (February 2014): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.897.30.

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Influence of typical ceramic deflocculant – sodium hexametaphosphate – on the rheological properties (viscosity) of calcium aluminate cement paste, porcelain raw materials mixture (casting slip), and fired porcelain body respectively, was determined. It was used two different typed of calcium aluminate cements (from two sources – producers - Istra, Almatis) with different content of Al2O3 (40 % and 70 %). Sodium hexametaphosphate decreases of water content needed to prepare slip casting with constant viscosity. Deflocculant increases the modulus of rupture MOR of dried green body and its bulk

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39

Wee, Gui Nam, Il Han, and Tae Kwon Lee. "Enhanced deflocculation of dehydrated sludge by rhamnolipid treatment coupled with thermal hydrolysis." Waste Management 110 (June 2020): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2020.04.054.

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40

Amudha, V., S. Kavitha, C. Fernandez, S. Adishkumar, and J. Rajesh Banu. "Effect of deflocculation on the efficiency of sludge reduction by Fenton process." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 23, no. 19 (2016): 19281–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7118-y.

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41

Gomes, C. M. F., A. De Noni, J. P. Reis, J. A. R. Souza, A. P. N. Oliveira, and Dachamir Hotza. "Wet Processing of Triaxial Ceramics Using a Mixture Design Approach." Materials Science Forum 498-499 (November 2005): 476–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.498-499.476.

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An optimum amount of deflocculant was determined for three-component suspensions, based on a mixture design approach. Three raw materials were used, characterized as clay, feldspar and quartz. Ten compositions were prepared using the mixture design approach. Deflocculation curves were measured for suspensions with 40 wt.% of solids, adding sodium silicate as dispersant. The optimum deflocculant amount (ODA) was determined for each suspension, corresponding to the lowest value of apparent viscosity considering two nearest experimental points. It was observed that ODA increases linearly with the

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42

Mascarenhas, T., L. H. Mikkelsen, and P. H. Nielsen. "Effects of Chlorination on the Adhesion Strength and Deflocculation of Activated Sludge Flocs." Water Environment Research 76, no. 4 (2004): 327–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143004x141915.

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43

Kelly, Richard T., Henryk Melcer, and Pamela Randolph. "Solving the City of Tacoma's High Effluent TSS Problem: Unexpected Causes of Deflocculation." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2008, no. 13 (2008): 3672–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864708788733396.

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44

Haugaard Mikkelsen, Lene, and Kristian Keiding. "Equilibrium aspects of the effects of shear and solids content on aggregate deflocculation." Advances in Colloid and Interface Science 80, no. 2 (1999): 151–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-8686(98)00078-5.

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45

Ebenezer, A. Vimala, S. Kaliappan, S. Adish Kumar, Ick-Tae Yeom, and J. Rajesh Banu. "Influence of deflocculation on microwave disintegration and anaerobic biodegradability of waste activated sludge." Bioresource Technology 185 (June 2015): 194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.02.102.

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46

Ardant, Daria, Coralie Brumaud, Nino Zosso, Ellina Bernard, and Guillaume Habert. "Impact of silt chemical composition on deflocculation and coagulation of clay-rich paste." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 694 (August 2024): 134147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2024.134147.

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47

Wang, Fangyuan, Jianrong Chen, Huachang Hong, Aijun Wang, and Hongjun Lin. "Pollutant removal and membrane fouling in an anaerobic submerged membrane bioreactor for real sewage treatment." Water Science and Technology 69, no. 8 (2014): 1712–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.080.

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Real sewage was continuously treated by a laboratory-scale anaerobic submerged membrane bioreactor (AnSMBR) for over 160 days. Results showed that around 90% of chemical oxygen demand, and 99% of turbidity and total suspended solids in the sewage could be removed by the AnSMBR system. Membrane flux sustained at 11 L/(m2 h) was realized with biogas sparging. Small flocs from sludge deflocculation in the early operational period caused a high membrane fouling rate, and the high specific filtration resistance of the cake layer appeared mostly attributable to the osmotic pressure effect. The perfo

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Lee, Byoung Kwan. "The suspended sediment properties in the marine national parks of Korea, during winter and summer." Korea National Park Research Institute 14, no. 2 (2023): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.54406/jnpr.2023.14.2.030.

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The analyzed concentration of suspended sediments in the bottom layer during winter season increased higher than bottom layer during summer season in the marine national parks of Korea. This explains poor correlation between sediment concentration and attenuation coefficient during summer season (r²=0.74) and much high degree of correlation during winter season (r²=0.92). Relatively fine-sized and well-defined, monotonous size distribution may promote the correlation between concentration and attenuation coefficient due to optical homogeneity of particles during winter season. During summer se

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49

Bott, Charles B., Jennifer Abrajano, and Nancy G. Love. "A PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISM FOR ACTIVATED SLUDGE DEFLOCCULATION CAUSED BY SHOCK LOADS OF TOXIC CHEMICALS." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2000, no. 14 (2000): 36–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864700784607226.

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Caccavo, F., B. Frolund, K. F. Van Ommen, and P. H. Nielsen. "Deflocculation of Activated Sludge by the Dissimilatory Fe(III)-Reducing Bacterium Shewanella alga BrY." Applied and environmental microbiology 62, no. 4 (1996): 1487–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.62.4.1487-1490.1996.

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