Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Déformation induite par adsorption'
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Mekonnen, Benhur. "Synthesis and characterization of microporous materials : towards a versatile adsorbent and a simple model material for the study of adsorption-induced deformation in microporous media." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Pau, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025PAUU3002.
Full textThis work contains two parts dealing with the elaboration of microporous materials. In the first part, we address the three-step synthesis (in order: bulk radical polymerization, functionalization, and hypercrosslinking via Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction) of functionalized fluorinated hypercrosslinked polymers (HCP) starting from three functional monomer units: divinyl benzene, vinylbenzyl chloride, and pentafluorostyrene. The textural properties of the HCPs were found to be strongly influenced by the initial monomer ratio. Therefore, the latter was optimized for a reasonable compromise between textural properties and functionalization degree. A selective, rapid, and energy-efficient functionalization route known as the para-fluoro-thiol reaction is utilized in order to functionalize the pentafluorobenzene ring with a series of widely available thiols bearing various chemical groups (sulfonate, alkyl, amine, and hydroxyl), yielding functionalized HCPs with diverse chemical moieties. The high-pressure CO2 adsorption performance of the materials was assessed using manometry. The results showed the discrepancies brought by the presence of functional groups at ambient pressure. They underlined the importance of textural properties, particularly of microporous volume, for high-pressure sorption performances, with a probable contribution of adsorption-induced swelling of the HCP.The second part of this work deals with the synthesis of microporous silica films from dipodal organosilane compounds. After assessing a series of techniques including electrochemically assisted self-assembly (EASA), Stöber solution deposition, and evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA), the latter was chosen for producing uniform and crack-free films. These films will serve as a straightforward model material for the initial step of the experimental validation of a poromechanics model. First, a series of films have been elaborated from five dipodal organosilane precursors by solvent-casting in order to identify the suitable precursors and protocol for the obtention of nanoporous films. Three of these dipodal organosilane precursors yielded nanoporous films with variable PSD dispersity, as evidenced by Ar porosimetry. Consequently, the latter were selected to elaborate thin films by dip-coating-coating. Two types of substrates were considered (PVC and Si wafer) and the withdrawal speed was adjusted to obtain crack-free and uniform films. Films deposited on Si wafers in the draining regime were selected to conduct water sorption-induced deformation studies using environmental ellipsometry porosimetry (EEP). Over four continuous adsorption/desorption cycles, the results revealed that the chemisorption of water led to a gradual change of the adsorption and deformation properties of all the materials between the cycles. A monotonous swelling was observed for two of the materials while a contraction followed by swelling, typical of a capillary condensation, was observed for one film
Kozelkova, Ivana. "Transformations martensitiques par trempe et induite par déformation plastique dans les alliages Fe-Ni-C." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ECAP0441.
Full textShaira, Maher. "Caractérisation non destructive de la transformation martensitique de l'acier 304L induite par déformation cyclique." Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0087/these.pdf.
Full textThree different non-destructive evaluation techniques have been applied to the monitoring of cyclic-strain-induced martensitic transformation in austenitic stainless steel 304L, namely ultrasonic measurements, eddy current characterisation and acoustic emission. They have been backed up by metallographic observations and made quantitative by comparison with X-ray diffraction measurements. In the low-cycle fatigue that was studied (cyclic strain 0. 5 %, fracture in about 1000 cycles), a significant amount of martensite is formed. But it is heterogeneously distributed: early transformation in the corners of rectangular-section tensile specimens, slower transformation close to the flat free surfaces and even slower in bulk. Considering this heterogeneity, global ultrasonic measurements are not adapted: they only detect damage through an increase of attenuation. On the other hand, local measurements with an eddy current probe proved sensitive to the martensitic transformation and even quantitative. Acoustic emission is a global collection of the local bursts in the sample, that can be caused by plasticity, damage growth (microcracks) and martensitic transformation. Three classes were sorted and attributed to each of these phenomena. It is possible to distinguish damage from martensitic transformation, and the rate of transformation is consistent with the one evaluation by eddy currents on the same sample. The interest and potential of a combination of these non-destructive techniques has therefore been demonstrated, as it had been on a previous concrete sample using ultrasounds and acoustic emission
Lechartier, Audrey. "Influence de la transformation martensitique induite par la déformation sur le comportement mécanique d’aciers inoxydables duplex." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI107/document.
Full textDuplex stainless steels offer an attractive combination of high mechanical properties, low thermalconductivity and a relatively low cost. They are increasingly used as structural materials such as inthe construction sector as concrete reinforcement bars, where both high strength (Rm > 900 MPa)and high elongation to failure (A% > 15 %) are required. This thesis aims at improving the strength/ elongation compromise by developing new duplex stainless steel compositions experiencing a wellcontrolledmartensitic transformation induced by plasticity (TRIP effect). The optimisation of thiscompromise has required a good understanding of the transformation mechanisms and of plasticdeformation associated with each phase : ferrite (BCC), austenite (FCC) and martensite (BCC).The influence of martensitic transformation on mechanical behavior has been studied in four duplexgrades of variable austenite stability as a function of their chemical composition. The influence ofmultiphase microstructure on martensitic transformation kinetics has been determined by makingthree alloys respectively representative of a duplex grade and its two constituents (austenite andferrite). Using multiple characterization techniques at different scales has allowed determiningboth the transformation mechanisms and its kinetics as a function of strain, giving thus accessto the influence of transformation on the mechanical behavior. The study of kinematic fields hashighlighted the impact of the martensitic phase on the distribution of deformations. Finally, theuse of a mechanical model taking explicitly into account the phase transformation has allowed theduplication of the mechanical behavior of a duplex stainless steel
Jamette, Pascal. "Imagerie de NO par fluorescence induite par laser dans un moteur à allumage commandé." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2001/50376-2001-273.pdf.
Full textGuillotin, Alban. "Étude de la rugosité de surface induite par la déformation plastique de tôles minces en alliage d'aluminium AA6016." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00716025.
Full textQuandalle, Grégoire. "Étude et modélisation mécanique de la cristallisation induite par la déformation des polymères : caoutchouc naturel réticulé et PET." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEM033/document.
Full textThe present PhD thesis aims at a better understanding and modeling of strain-induced-crystallization. The phenomenon is characterized for two polymers: PET and crosslinked natural rubber. Strain conditions leading to strain-induced-crystallization are determined by thermal and dynamic mechanical analysis. The developing microstructure is observed by X-ray scattering.The PET is stretched in uni- and biaxial tension. A part of samples is rapidly quenched after stretching and another is submitted to a stress relaxation after stretching. The studies demonstrate that the stretching of PET does not enable the formation of a complete PET crystal with all its own families of planes.The crosslinked natural rubber is stretched in uniaxial tension and in shear preceded by uniaxial stretching. In shear, the crystalline phase, appeared during the pre-stretching or during the shear rotates and has a tendency to orient as the directions of the principal strains. The principal elongation is used to compare the crystallization under the different stresses.A constitutive modeling for visco-hyperelastic behaviors, in a complete thermodynamics framework of irreversible processes, is extended in order to reproduce le mechanical hardening related to the development of an organized/crystalline phase. The modeling successes in reproducing the experimental behaviors in uploading/unloading for various strain conditions
Gonthiez, Thierry. "Etude de la réactivité induite par laser de l'ammoniac sur une surface de silicium." Orléans, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ORLE2071.
Full textPellegrino, Antonio. "Comportement fragile des roches : dégradation des propriétés élastiques et anisotropie induite par les contraintes." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523151.
Full textPenel-Pierron, Laurence. "Transition de phase induite par déformation dans les polymères à liaisons hydrogène : cas des copolymères éthylène-alcool vinylique et du polyamide 6." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-155.pdf.
Full textGarrot, Damien. "Etude par microscopie en champ proche des phénomènes de migration de matière photo-induite dans les matériaux photochromiques." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112046.
Full textThe main goal of this PhD work is to study photo-induced matter deformation phenomena in thin polymeric film containing azobenzene moieties. This study is based on the in-situ observation of surface relief gratings kinetic of formation under illumination by an interference pattern. The observation relies on a coupled microscopy technique, allowing to correlate photo-induced morphology with the electromagnetic field distribution, with a resolution better than the lattice pitch. The study as a function of the light polarisation and of the film thickness shows that four microscopic mechanisms are involved in the photo-induced deformation of the azo-polymer: the optical reorientation of chromophore, the local reorganization of the matrix, oriented matter transport and the photobleaching. The contribution of these different mechanisms is evidenced by two phenomena observed for the first time. First, the kinetic of deformation presents a transition between two regimes, one, at short time, in phase with the light excitation, the other, at longer time, in opposition of phase. Second, the morphology of the induced relief grating depends strongly on the film thickness. This PhD work shed light on previous and somehow contradictory results, in particular in term of response of azo-polymer films at an excitation in near filed and far field optics
Chaari, Fahmi. "Caractérisation en temps réel de la cristallisation induite lors de la déformation d'un thermoplastique : étude rhéo-optique et par diffraction de rayons X aux grands angles." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DENS0007.
Full textWe propose in this thesis new methods to characterize the shear induced crystallization that occurs during semi-crystalline polymers processing. Rhéo-optical measurements allowed us to follow the different changes of microstructure during the crystallization of a polymer submitted to a temperature jump from molten state. We can distinguish three different crystallization stages: a nucleation, a first isotropic growth phase and a second phase where the growth becomes anisotropic. We showed that the optical measurements are able to characterize crystallization, and are even more sensitive than traditional rheological measurements. However, this type of measurement is not able to differentiate quantitatively the different polymer phases. We used then the x-rays diffraction in order to obtain this differentiation in a quantitative way. We carried out tensile tests on polymers in rubbery state and observed in real time the evolution of their crystalline phases using a synchrotron x-ray beam. The comparison with the mechanical behaviour shows that the hardening generally observed for these semi crystalline polymers comes essentially from amorphous chains stretching between crystallites. Deformation rate effect on the kinetic of crystallization kinetic was also studied. The same geometry of deformation was used to carry out measurements of the optical properties during the crystallization starting from rubbery state. The evolutions of turbidity, birefringence and dichroism were thus correlated with stress state in the polymer. The results obtained by X-rays diffraction were combined in order to differentiate the contribution from each phase of polymer
Lebleu, Nathalie. "Désinfection des eaux par procédés membranaires : étude des mécanismes de transfert des bactéries." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30302.
Full textIn the context of potable water production, membrane processes, which eliminate microorganisms from the raw water by retention upon a selective physical barrier, appear as alternative or complementary processes to the standard disinfection practices. However, the porous structure of filtration membranes can present imperfections likely to allow bacteria to pass through. The impact of such defects upon bacterial rejection depends on their geometrical characteristics. Namely, as long as the selective skin is not altered through its whole thickness, the altered membrane keeps a retention efficiency equivalent to the one of an uncompromised membrane. As for the macroporous support, it is also involved in the rejection and limits the bacterial transfer to the permeate. Moreover, when the defect diameter is close to the filtered bacteria size, selectivity mechanisms based on size exclusion are disrupted due to the deformation capabilities of those microorganisms. This deformability is governed by the structural characteristics of the bacterial cell-wall (peptidoglycan layer thickness and elasticity), which leads to different behaviour in filtration between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. So, Gram-positive bacteria which have a thicker peptidoglycan layer are less deformable and thus better retained than Gram-negative bacteria. Based on these mechanisms, a membrane charactrization method, the scope of which in terms of pore or defect diameter ranges from 0. 05 to1. 2 µm, was proposed
Callahan, Michael. "Analyse de la cinétique de transformation et des instabilités de déformation dans des aciers TRIP "Moyen Manganèse" de 3ème génération." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLC065/document.
Full textThis thesis studies the mechanical behavior of a 0.2C-5Mn-2.5Al Medium Mn steel that exhibits a very high degree of work hardening due to transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) during plastic deformation. During TRIP, paramagnetic retained austenite is transformed to ferromagnetic martensite with the application of plastic strain and generates a significant amount of work hardening. The rate of work hardening is seen to vary greatly depending on processing parameters—notably the intercritical annealing temperature. These steels also often deform heterogeneously through the propagation of Lüders or PLC strain bands.This research develops a method to characterize the kinetics of the TRIP effect through measurements of the samples magnetic properties. The method is novel in that it is performed in-situ with no effect on the tensile test and is able to correct for the effects of the applied stress on the magnetic properties. The results of these experiments were compared to characterizations of the strain bands to demonstrate that TRIP coincides with the passage of a Lüders or PLC band. The strain rate sensitivity of the steels is analyzed and the presence and type of PLC bands are characterized with respect to the transformation kinetics
Wei, Yuanyuan. "Fracture of ultra-soft hydrogels probed by puncture and cavitation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPSLS045.
Full textUltra-soft material exhibits different deformation and fracture characteristics compared to common soft material due to anticipated surface tension effects and structural heterogeneity. To this end, we systematically investigated fracture properties of ultra-soft hydrogels using puncture and cavitation methods. For soft polyacrylamide, PDMS, and carrageenan, fracture resistance is dominated by the non-linear elasticity above the elasto-capillary length scale. Below this particular scale, fracture resistance is improved since capillarity must play a role in the onset of fracture. By synthesizing poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels with low hydrolysis degree from two percolation paths (bond-percolation and site percolation), we discovered that gels formed by site-percolation possess stronger structural heterogeneity studied via dynamic light scattering and thus result in lower fracture resistance. Surprisingly, an extremely large strain-induced crystallization during puncture was discovered in PVA hydrogel with high hydrolysis degree, which locally reinforces the network around the needle tip and displaces the crack initiation point from the needle tip to the edge. This anisotropic structure results in an irregular spherical cavity in the cavitation experiment and largely improves its fracture energy. In addition, we found that increasing the molecular weight, adding surfactant, and placing an oil layer on hydrogel surfaces could each increase their fracture resistance. In the end, we developed a novel optical technique - photon correlation imaging - in which compression and tension strain distribution around the needle is quantitatively revealed. These new insights and methodological advances will provide useful information to design soft but fracture-resistant materials and surgical assistant robots in medical applications
Laghmach, Rabia. "Modélisation de la cristallisation des élastomères sous sollicitation mécanique par champ de phase." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0061/document.
Full textNatural rubber NR and more generally elastomer presents unique physical properties that are very important for many engineering applications. Strain induced crystallization of elastomer presents a major interest because it improves considerably the mechanical properties. In fact, the presence of crystallites within the amorphous phase in a polymer network induces a strengthening of this material, giving NR a self-reinforcement character. In this thesis, we develop a mesoscopic model to describe the crystallization of elastomers under strain. In this context, we present a kinetic model using a new physical approach: a phase field model. This model combines the crystallization thermodynamics with the local stress field. The thermodynamic description of the phase transition is based on a Gibbs free energy functional F which contains all energy contributions of the system: the bulk contributions (enthalpy and entropy) and surface tension. To understand the experimental observation of nanometer size crystalites, an explicit account of the topological constraints induced by both entanglements and/or crosslinks is necessary. We investigated two limiting mechanisms, a kinetic limitation of the growth, and an energetic limitation. Based on both the kinetic and the energetic approaches, we have systematically studied the influence of topological constraints on the growth process. We have shown that the growth process is affected by the accumulation of elastic stress at the interface. The kinetic model predicts the existence of instabilities during the growth. These instabilities induce a heterogeneous dynamical growth which leads to the formation of dendrite like structures. On the contrary, the energetic approach predicts an exponential increase of the surface tension during the growth that limits the size of the crystallites very efficiently. In the last part we investigated elastomer crystallization under cyclic deformation. To this end, we coupled the previous energetic model with the nucleation process. Finally the simulation data are compared with experimental measurements
Rubio, Céline. "Compréhension des mécanismes d'adhésion des biofilms en milieu marin en vue de la conception de nouveaux moyens de prévention." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066325.
Full textZhang, Shaobin. "High frequency magnetic field-induced strain of ferromagnetic shape memory alloys." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLY011.
Full textFerromagnetic Shape Memory Alloys (FSMAs) have ability to provide large high-frequency reversible strain via magnetic field-induced martensite reorientation. But, the high-frequency frictional twin boundary motion of the martensite reorientation can induce a rapid accumulation of dissipation heat and cause a significant temperature rise in the material, which poses instability problems about the dynamic performance of FSMA. Particularly, the output strain amplitude would be reduced significantly when the temperature increases to be high enough to trigger the Martensite-Austenite phase transformation. However, such thermal effect on the dynamic responses of FSMA has not yet been investigated in literature where most existing dynamic experiments were performed only for a short-time period (a few seconds) to avoid the temperature variation. In this thesis, multi-scale experimental and theoretical analyses of the long-time performance of FSMA under high-frequency magnetic actuation are performed. Systematic experiments of the long-time magnetic actuation (> 100 seconds) on a Ni-Mn-Ga single crystal bar are conducted at various levels of magnetic field frequency, initial compressive stress and ambient airflow (ambient heat-exchange efficiency) to investigate their influences on the stable state of the high-frequency FSMA-actuator. A one-dimensional heat-transfer model is developed and the new experimental phenomena of the thermal effects are well understood. Based on the experimental results and theoretical analysis, critical conditions to achieve the large and stable output strain amplitude in the high-frequency actuation are derived. Moreover, to understand the heat-exchange dependence of the output nominal-strain from a microscopic view, the local strain distribution/evolution and the associated transformation/reorientation among the different phases/variants during the high-frequency actuation under various heat-exchange efficiencies are demonstrated via the in-situ Digital Image Correlation observations. A novel mechanism is revealed: the temperature-driven phase boundary motion (phase transformation) and the magnetic field-driven twin boundary motion (martensite reorientation) can be activated at the same time under the magneto-thermal-mechanical actuation (i.e., the high-frequency magnetic field, the mechanical spring force and the varying ambient airflow) as the material can self-organize its volume fractions of the different phases/variants to satisfy all the thermo-magneto-mechanical boundary conditions. Further, the self-organized morphology/pattern composed of various variants and phases during cyclic deformation (with the moving habit plane and twin boundaries) can be explained by microstructure compatibility analyses
Hassini, Sami. "Qualification multi-critères des gammes d'usinage : application aux pièces de structure aéronautique en alliage Airware®." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22587/document.
Full textThe optimization of machining sequences is not easy because it suffers from two major shortcomings. The first focuses on the adaptability of existing ranges to current production facilities and their evolution over the years to respond to technological developments. The second point concerns the lack of consideration in the mechanical behavior of the part during the development of machining sequence. This thesis addresses these in relation to the FUI OFELIA project. At first, they study the influence of the machining parameters on the deformation of the workpiece. The aim is to predict the mechanical behavior of the part to identify recommendations with minimal distortion. The second issue deals with multi-criteria evaluation of manufacturing ranges. The criteria take into account are the deformation of the workpiece, productivity through a quick estimate of machining time and recyclability of chips produced during machining. On the other hand, we propose a geometric model of the intermediate states of the workpiece during machining in order to both assess the manufacturing recommendations and to drive the simulation calculations of the deformation of the workpiece during machining