Academic literature on the topic 'Deforming Tendencies'

Intending to identify that how meaning in the source text has been reproduced in the translated text, the study attempts to investigate deforming tendencies used in the selected poems of Abdul Ghani Khan translated from Pashto into English by Imtiaz Ahmed Sahibzada. Imtiaz Sahibzada has translated 141 poems from the mammoth corpus of Abdul Ghani Khan's Poetry into English and named it The Pilgrim of a Beauty. Using judgmental sampling, ten poems were selected and were analysed in the light of Antoine Berman's (1965) Text Deformation System which includes twelve deforming tendencies. While analysing the translated text in comparison with the source text, deformation in terms of semantics and the syntactic structure was found. Abdul Ghani Khan's poetry translation is considerably deformed, and the translator has little maintained the composition, musicality, and structure of the source text because of different reasons. He has deformed the beauty of the source text poems at the cost of the message due to the use of various deforming tendencies.

In his book La Traduction et la Lettre ou l’auberge du lointain, Antoine Berman states that literary translation must respect the “Strangeness” of the source-text to produce an “ethical translation”. Using the expression of the troubadour poet Jaufré Rudel, the author proposes to consider the translational space as a place of welcome for the strangeness of the source-text; translating the “letter” of the text thus means respecting this strangeness. In order to achieve this goal, Berman outlines thirteen “deforming tendencies”, i.e. tendencies to be avoided because they would destroy the “letter” of the text: the Rationalisation; the Clarification; the Expansion; the Ennoblement and the Vulgarization; the Qualitative impoverishment; the Quantitative impoverishment; the Destruction of rhythms; the Destruction of underlying networks of signification; the Destruction of linguistic patternings; the Destruction of vernacular network or their exoticization; the Destruction of expressions and idioms; the Effacement of the superimposition of languages. In this article, we will focus on the analysis and discussion of three deforming tendencies – the rationalisation, the clarification, and the destruction of linguistic patternings – identified in Ivos Margoni’s Italian translation of Arthur Rimbaud’s poem Roman, and will try to show how this alters the “letter” of the text.

The primary purpose of this study was to examine the frequency of deforming tendencies on Persian translation of Hardy’s Tess of the d’Urbervilles based on Berman’s model. Moreover, the study set out to find out how words have been changed from the source language to fit the target language by adopting deforming tendencies. To achieve the aims of study, the researchers relied on content or document analysis as a qualitative type of study to analyze the strategies which were used in the translation of Tess of the d’Urbervilles novel from English to Persian. The data came from a sample of 300 sentences which were randomly selected from the novel translated into the Persian language by Mina Sarabi.The trustworthiness of the research findings was met through inter-rater agreement and it was reported 0.94. The results indicated that Persian translation of the work suffered from lexical mismatches, destruction of rhythm and destruction of vernacular networks, although destruction of rhythms and destruction of vernacular networks were among the most frequently used deformation tendencies. The findings also revealed that the translation has in one way or another maintained the genre and social stance of the author. Overall, it appears that Berman offers a model which is too severe on keeping the form and syntax of the source text in the Persian translation of Hardy’s Tess of the d’Urbervilles.

This study is based on a comparative analysis of Turkish translations of Sanctuary (1931) by William Faulkner and aims to review the assumptions of literary translation by Antoine Berman’s “retranslation hypothesis” and “deforming tendencies”. The novel was exposed to an obligatory rewriting process by the editor and was reworded by Faulkner who acted as a self-translator to make the original version acceptable. The rewritten version, which can be regarded as an intralingual translation, became the source text for interlingual translations. The novel was first translated by Ender Gürol as Kutsal Sığınak (1961); then by Özar Sunar as Lekeli Günler (1967) and finally by Necla Aytür as Tapınak (2007). Among Faulkner’s fifteen books which have been translated into Turkish thus far, Sanctuary is the only one with three translations in total. The translational process will be described to understand the rationale behind translators’ decisions within the context of translation studies.

Traditionally, translation is viewed as a reliable shield over linguistic diversity, one of the ways to ensure a target language survival. However, translation is also reported to distort a translated language due to introducing ‘the third code’ (Frawley, 1984) features. These “deforming tendencies” (Berman, 1985) destroy the translated language by erasing its natural pattern and by adding there a bundle of alien features that cause its lexical, syntactical, and stylistic deficiencies. The current study is aimed at detecting those destructive features treated in translation studies as “translation universals” (Chesterman, 2004). To this end, a psycholinguistic analysis was held to establish the use of language which is not the result of intentional, controlled processes and of which translators may not be aware. These subliminal translation-inherent processes can be traced in the use of function words that encode procedural meaning. Relevance Theory (Wilson & Sperber, 1993) explains a conceptual-procedural distinction as a major distinction made between two types of linguistically encoded information. Conceptual information expressed by content words is viewed as encoding concepts whereas words with procedural meaning contribute to the derivation of implicatures, certain ways of processing propositions. Discourse connectives, conjunctions, prepositions, particles, pronouns, modal words constitute that group of function words with procedural meaning. To uncover certain variations in the use of these linguistic units, a parallel English-Ukrainian corpus made up of an 8,000-character excerpt from Franny by J.D. Salinger, its professional translation, and forty novice translators’ target versions, was compiled. The corpus data were processed by Textanz and SPSS computerized tools. The results of the psycholinguistic analysis proved that the Ukrainian versions as contrasted to the original text contained the following S-universals: implicitation expressed through the shortage of discourse markers of global coherence, simplification due to the lack of personal pronouns, decreased mean number of words per sentence, and greater number of sentences; normalization embodied in vernacular network impoverishment due to the decreased amount of pragmatic markers and fillers, explicitation due to higher lexical variety and density rates, and rationalization as a result of abundant marking of discourse relations. Conclusions. Taken together, these findings have significant implications for the understanding of how procedural information processing by novice translators is manifested in translation.

The article analyzes the main approaches in Russian and foreign literature in the study of the formation and functioning of memory in networks. The duality of interest in the topic of memory is noted. It is shown that, on the one hand, the network space opens up new perspectives for creating and distributing memory. Thus, digital technologies allow the creation, processing, storage and dissemination of information on a historically unprecedented scale, and many people with a wide variety of values, interests and expectations gain access to this information. Consumers may have alternative sources of information and need not use official archives. They can reproduce their personal historical experience by publishing family archives, articulating their own impressions of the past. Consumers get the opportunity for an individualized interpretation of the material. No wonder, many researchers mark the concept “prosumer” as blurring the lines between the consumer and the content producer. As a result, the formation of multidirectional memory and its decentralization are noted. Researchers highlight the abundance, ubiquity and responsiveness of digital media. At the same time, their institutionalized forms are supplemented, shifted and often forced to compete with information produced and disseminated by individual users. Moreover, contacts in and through digital media are not complementary to the usual forms of social interaction, but intertwined with them. On the other hand, the negative sides of the “boom” of memory, which researchers associate with the growth of amnesia intensified by this “boom”, and the deforming of commercialized memory are emphasized. First of all, it should be noted that openness also provided an opportunity to sound to the voices that can hardly be associated with democratic tendencies. This approach will enhance the nostalgic and thus mythologized memory. The role of the consumer context in which the interest in memory is realized is noted. This turns memory into just a type of product that is worth consuming simply to be modern. Also, the specificity of the functioning of communication provided by Internet platforms turns the past into one of the types of broadcast content and one of the tools for increasing the status of the user. It is not without reason that a number of authors believe that it is more reasonable to speak not about the “boom” of memory, but about the growing pace of oblivion, where the dominance of the above-described forms of memory only enhances it. I believe that attention to such forms of memory is necessary to increase reflexivity when discussing the issue of working out those productive goals and tasks that are assigned to the memory of the past.

Malocclusion is a condition that deviates from normal occlusion including irregularities of the teeth in the arch of the jaw such as crowding, protrusive, malposition and relationships that are not harmonious with the antagonist teeth. Non-physiological oral habits are abnormal human habits that cause stresses and tendencies that persist and are repeated continuously so that it affects craniofacial growth and is usually called bad habits. Changes in the activity of these muscles will lead to modification of facial growth patterns and head posture that can result in dentofacial deformity. Adaptation from nasal breathing to mouth breathing causes several unhealthy things, such as chronic middle ear infections, sinusitis, upper respiratory tract infections, sleep disor-ders, and facial growth disorders.

Introduction: Unstable distal radius fractures in children have more tendencies to get displaced with conservative management resulting into deformity. This Kapandji technique of K-wire fixation is on rise to reduce and maintain these fractures in recent days. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the K-wires fixation in unstable distal radius fracture with Kapandji techniques. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in Nepalgunj Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Kohalpur, Banke in unstable distal radius fracture in children with K-wires fixation using Kapandji method. Results: Twenty eight unstable distal radius fractures in children between 6 to 14 years of age were treated with one intrafocal K-wire and one or two extra focal K-wires to augment fixation. Immobilization of forearm with above elbow slab/cast for four to six weeks was enforced. K-wires were removed between four to six weeks of operation depending upon the union and followed prospectively for four months. The mean age of patients presented was 8.57± 1.79 years. This technique brought near anatomical reduction in all fractures. There was no reduction loss or remanipulation in any case. All fractures achieved union and functional outcome was excellent in 24 cases based on Modified Mayo Wrist Score. There was fewer complications like pin tract infection. Conclusion: This Kapandji technique of K-wire fixation, leverage reduction method, being an additional tool helps to achieve near anatomical alignment, and maintain reduction throughout the duration of healing. So it is an advantageous technique.

Abstract This article re-evaluates the theoretical import of networks of signification, one of Antoine Berman’s twelve deforming tendencies in translation. Taking Jane Eyre as a case study, the article considers character description as an example of a Bermanian network and traces the physical appearance of the novel’s characters across its six Russian translations. Character description represents a network that is traceable, depends on the reader’s ability to construct a visual mental image over the course of a narrative, has a tangible impact on characterisation, and remains relevant throughout a novel. It thus offers a concrete illustration of the relevance of networks of signification as a model for the systemic interpretative potential of translation variation. This analysis paves the way for further study of Bermanian networks and the ultimate integration of this concept in translation practice.

Esta dissertação apresenta uma tradução comentada de parte do livro The Unfortunate Traveller: or, The Life of Jack Wilton, escrito por Thomas Nashe em 1594 e discute os desafios de traduzir pela primeira vez para o português esse romance picaresco escrito durante o período elisabetano. As alterações estruturais, lexicais e semânticas ocorridas na língua inglesa durante esses anos e as diferenças culturais entre a Inglaterra do século XVI e o Brasil da atualidade são algumas das dificuldades enfrentadas no processo tradutório dessa obra. O primeiro capítulo apresentará uma leitura crítica da obra, do autor e uma contextualização do romance picaresco. No segundo capítulo haverá uma explanação das duas teorias de tradução usadas nesta dissertação: as tendências deformadoras propostas por Antoine Berman (1985), que propõem identificar as variações encontradas nas traduções em relação ao texto original; e o modelo descritivo das Modalidades de Tradução elaboradas pelo Prof. Dr. Francis H. Aubert (1998, 2006), derivado do modelo pedagógico dos procedimentos técnicos da tradução (Vinay & Darbelnet, 1958, 1977). No terceiro capítulo usaremos essas duas teorias como ferramentas para análise das escolhas tradutórias adotadas e suas implicações na escrita do texto na língua de chegada. O quarto capítulo trará a tradução de 50% do livro ao lado do texto original em inglês com notas e comentários no rodapé.
This work presents an annotated translation of a part of the book The Unfortunate Traveller: or, The Life of Jack Wilton, written by Thomas Nashe in 1594 and discusses the challenges of translating for the first time into Portuguese this picaresque novel written during the Elizabethan period. Structural, lexical and semantic changes in the English language over the years and the cultural differences between the sixteenth-century England and contemporary Brazil are some of the difficulties in the translation process of this work. The first chapter will present a critical reading of the work and the author. In the second chapter there will be an explanation of the two translation theories used in this dissertation: the comparative method of deforming tendencies proposed by Antoine Berman (1985), which proposes to identify the variations found in translations from the original text. And the second, the The translation modalities descriptive model developed by Francis H. Aubert (1998, 2006), derived from the pedagogical model of the technical procedures of translation (Vinay & Darbelnet, 1958, 1977). In the third chapter these two theories will be used as tools to analyze the translation choices and its implications in writing the text in the target language. The fourth chapter will bring the translation of 50% of the book side by side with the original text in English with notes and comments in footnotes.

La présente étude porte sur la manière dont est abordée la répétition dans la traduction anglaise du Bourgeois gentilhomme de Molière (1670), pièce de théâtre où la répétition lexicale et syntaxique foisonne. Pour ce faire, nous faisons une analyse contrastive de neuf versions anglaises de la pièce que nous comparons à l’original ainsi que les unes aux autres. Cette analyse qui prend comme fil conducteur la théorie de Berman aussi bien d’un point de vue théorique (la traduction de la lettre) que pratique (la critique des traductions et les tendances déformantes) nous permet de dégager les grandes tendances de chacune des traductions et, de ce fait, d’approfondir et de nuancer la réflexion sur la traduction littérale, en remettant en perspective la littéralité comme la solution la plus adéquate pour le traitement de phénomènes relevant de la forme dans un discours, tels que la répétition
This study examines the treatment of repetition in the English translations of Moliere’s play Le Bourgeois gentilhomme, a text where lexical and syntactic repetitions abound. This research is conducted by way of a contrastive analysis of nine English versions of the play that we compare to the original and to each other. Based on Berman’s principles both from a theoretical point of view (the translation of the letter) and a practical one (evaluation of translation and deforming tendencies), this analysis allows us to identify the general patterns of each translation, and thereby, deepen and nuance thinking about literal translation while reasserting the status of literalism as the most adequate solution for the handling of phenomena pertaining to the form of a given text or discourse, such as repetition

L’objectif de ce mémoire est de faire une étude comparative de la traduction suédoise Le Ventre de l’Atlantique par Lotta Riad avec le texte source à la lumière des douze tendances déformantes d’Antoine Berman. Nous nous efforçons également de présenter « notre traduction » illustrant la méthode bermanienne. Force est de constater, qu’elle n’est pas toujours réalisable, néanmoins, cette démarche permet une réflexion stimulant la clairvoyance.
The goal of this essay is to compare the Swedish translation of The Atlantics belly by Lotta Riad with the original text using Antoine Berman’s twelve deforming tendencies. Also we will try to present "our translation" to illustrate the Berman’s method. It has to be said that it is not always workable, however, this approach allows a reflexion which stimulates the insight.

碩士
國立彰化師範大學
翻譯研究所
101
This thesis is dedicated to the deforming tendencies in the Chinese translation of the post-colonial novel Wide Sargasso Sea. Wide Sargasso Sea is the exemplary work Jean Rhys completed in her later years. As a Creole herself, Rhys was furious about the treatment Bertha received in its predecessor Jane Eyre. So Rhys changed her name to Antoinette and starts her new life in Jamaica to tell her own story. The novel portrays Antoinette’s childhood from her perspectives and her later arranged marriage with Rochester and his betrayal, and the eventual death in the fire. Wide Sargasso Sea is a novel written in simple languages and full of literary features of post-colonialism. It intricately depicts the unfair treatment and prejudice by the plantation whites and the native islanders because of her European heritage. Rhys also includes many symbols, imageries and contrasts to establish the Caribbean world of which Antoinette lives in. The novel also include many different languages such as French and Creole English, making translation even more challenging. This thesis adopts Antoine Berman’s theory of negative analytics and his proposed twelve deforming tendencies to examine if the translation of the novel is deformed culturally. That is, the study examines whether the translator retain the culture-specific items and other literary devices in the Chinese translation, or adopts domesticating strategy and erases all the culture uniqueness present in the text. The result shows that the deforming tendencies are pervasive in the translation of Wide Sargasso Sea. For example, the translator failed to show the linguistic feature of Creole English due to the different syntactical structure between English and Chinese. This undoubtedly leads to generalization of different people of the Caribbean which we rely on linguistic difference to distinguish.

« Il va sans dire que c’est l’expérience du traduire qui constitue le centre de gravité de mon rapport général à la traduction. Je ne suis traductologue que parce que je suis, primordialement, traducteur » (Berman 2001, p. 16). La théorie de la traduction d’Antoine Berman serait donc enracinée dans sa pratique. Bien que son nom soit devenu incontournable en traductologie et que ses idées aient suscité de nombreux débats, peu de chercheurs ont étudié le lien entre la théorie et la pratique de ce traductologue. Le présent mémoire tente de combler cette lacune. Au moyen d’une analyse de la traduction de El juguete rabioso de Roberto Arlt faite par les époux Berman, il explore comment la pratique et la théorie de la traduction d’Antoine Berman se sont nourries l’une de l’autre. Le premier chapitre retrace le parcours d’Antoine Berman : son travail de traducteur, ses influences, sa théorie de la traduction, l’impact de celle-ci et les critiques qui lui ont été adressées. Dans le chapitre deux, nous découvrons Roberto Arlt et son œuvre afin de bien cerner les enjeux de sa traduction. Le chapitre trois analyse, selon la méthode bermanienne, la traduction française de ce roman publiée pour la première fois en 1984. Deux éléments du texte sont mis en relief : la diversité de registres discursifs, dont les sociolectes argentins, et la richesse lexicale qui en découle. En conclusion, l’étude montre que Le jouet enragé est marqué par une certaine inhibition et une rigidité sans doute inhérentes à toute traduction-introduction. Trop attachée aux normes, cette première version restitue timidement la diversité narrative de l’original. Ainsi, on peut supposer que les préceptes de Berman, et plus exactement sa liste de « tendances déformantes » (Berman 1999) reflètent, en partie, et avant tout, les limites et les difficultés qu’il a pu rencontrer dans l’exercice de sa pratique.
“Needless to say my experience of translating constitutes the core of my general relationship with translation. I am a translation studies’ theorist because primarily I am a translator” (Berman…p. 16, my translation). Antoine Berman’s translation theory is rooted in his practice. Even though his name is irreversibly linked to the field of translation studies and his ideas have caused numerous debates, few researchers have studied the relation between his theory and practice. This thesis attempts to fill that gap through an analysis of the French translation of Roberto Arlt’s El juguete rabioso by Isabelle and Antoine Berman. It explores how Antoine Berman’s translation practice and theory feed from each other. The first chapter recounts the development of Antoine Berman: his work as a translator, his influences, his theory of translation and its impact, as well as the criticism addressed towards it. In chapter 2, we discover Roberto Arlt and his work in order to fully understand the problematic points of its translation. Following Antoine Berman’s method, chapter 3 analyses the only French translation of El juguete rabioso published in 1984. It concentrates on two particular elements of the text: the diverse discursive registers, including the use of Argentine sociolects, and their lexical richness. In conclusion, the study shows that Le jouet enragé carries the flaws (défectivité) inherent in any introductory translation. Too attached to linguistic conventions, this first version timidly recreates the arrative diversity of the original. Thus, it could be suggested that Antoine Berman’s theories, and more specifically his list of “deforming tendencies”, reflect in part, and, above all, the limits and difficulties that he encountered in the exercise of his practice.