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Schneller, Oliver. "DEGEM: Klangkunst in Deutschland (Sonic Arts in Germany) CD-ROM, 2000, Wergo T 5150; available from Schott Music & Media, GmbH, Weihergarten 5, 55116 Mainz, Germany; telephone (+49) 6131-246-883/888; fax (+49) 6131-246-252; World Wide Web www.schott-music.com." Computer Music Journal 26, no. 1 (March 2002): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/comj.2002.26.1.101.
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Coles, Timothy R., and Cedric Dumas. "A Low-Cost, Flexible, Lightweight Video Recording System for Task Analysis." Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications 21, no. 3 (July 2013): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1064804613488390.
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The authors report their experience from various task analysis projects in which users have been observed in situ. Solutions for simultaneous video recording, often needed to adequately observe and analyze a workspace, are discussed. Of the various analog- and digital-based solutions, the authors deem a low-cost solution using entry-level computer hardware to produce sufficiently high-fidelity feedback for most task analysis purposes. Such systems can be acquired and set up by novice computer users for a fraction of the cost of broadcast video systems. A case study demonstrates the application of one such inexpensive solution.
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Fonseca, Sérgio Mattos, and José Augusto Drummond. "O valor de existência de um ecossistema costeiro tropical através da disposição ao trabalho voluntário: o caso da lagoa de Itaipu (Niterói,RJ)." Ambiente & Sociedade 5, no. 2 (2003): 85–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1414-753x2003000200006.
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Propõe-se que os valores de uso de recursos naturais identificados devem ser complementados por investigações sobre a importância que os cidadãos comuns atribuem aos ecossistemas. Isso implica em computar o valor de existência, que inclui componentes subjetivos da cultura. Aplicando o Método de Valoração Contingente (MVC) e agregando a ele o componente do trabalho voluntário, o texto estima o valor de existência de um ecossistema, comparando a Disposição a Pagar (DAP) com a Disposição ao Trabalho Voluntário (DATv) pela recuperação e/ou preservação da laguna de Itaipu, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. As cifras encontradas foram R$5.563.320,00 usando a DAP e R$19.980.000,00 usando DATv, revelando um significativo diferencial atribuível à disposição a trabalhar voluntariamente.
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Santos, Leonardo Bacelar Lima, Luciana De Resende Londe, Érico Soriano, Aurelienne Aparecida Souza Jorge, and Andreza Fogaça Coelho. "Potenciais Problemas de Mobilidade Urbana diária relacionados a Inundações no Rio de Janeiro (Brasil)." Geography Department University of Sao Paulo 29 (June 17, 2015): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/rdg.v29i0.102130.
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A estimativa de pessoas que passam por zonas de tráfego, juntamente com informações hidrográficas, serve como base para o estudo de relações entre mobilidade e inundações. A partir de dados de origem e destino, foi desenvolvido um script baseado no Google Maps para obter os caminhos feitos em cada viagem. Para computar a quantidade de pessoas diretamente afetadas na mobilidade, foram selecionadas todas as regiões interceptadas pelos rios. O número total de pessoas indiretamente afetadas foi calculado através da análise de rotas que interceptam os rios, e, com base nesta informação, foram estimadas quantas pessoas têm sua mobilidade potencialmente afetada por inundações em cada rio. Os resultados sugerem que os rios Pavuna e Guandu Mirim devem receber atenção prioritária por tomadores de decisão para mitigar os efeitos de inundações sobre a mobilidade urbana na região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro.
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Ang, Peng Hwa, and Natalie Pang. "Globalização da Internet, Soberania ou Democracia: o Trilema do Fórum de Governança da Internet." Law, State and Telecommunications Review 6, no. 1 (May 12, 2014): 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/lstr.v6i1.21549.
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Propósito – À medida que as tecnologias de comunicação tornam-se cada vez mais inovadoras e a Internet cresce, fica evidente a necessidade de rever o mandato do Fórum de Governança da Internet. O propósito deste artigo, então, é baseado em pesquisa feita sobre a globalização e a democracia (Chua, 2003), sobre os “trilemas” da globalização (Rodrik, 2000) e sobre a lógica da ação coletiva (Olson, 1971).
Metodologia/abordagem/design – Os autores usam argumentos baseados em economia, ciência política e teoria comunicação de forma a responder à seguinte pergunta: até que ponto é possível pôr em prática uma política de governança da Internet?
Resultados – Eles concluem, por um lado, que os Estados devem aderir à globalização “magra” da Internet ou escolher entre soberania e democracia.
Implicações práticas – Por outro lado, concluem que os Estados Unidos, que continuam a dominar a Internet, devem permanecer engajados e envolvidos na governança da Internet
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Zilberg, Jonathan. "Shimmering Screens: Making Media in an Aboriginal Community by Jennifer Deger. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN, U.S.A., 2006. 267 pp. Paper. ISBN: 0-8166-4922-7." Leonardo 41, no. 5 (October 2008): 524–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon.2008.41.5.524.
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Hochhegger, Bruno, Gustavo Souza Meireles, Klaus Irion, Gláucia Zanetti, Eduardo Garcia, José Moreira, and Edson Marchiori. "O tórax e o envelhecimento: manifestações radiológicas." Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia 38, no. 5 (October 2012): 656–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1806-37132012000500016.
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Nos idosos (convencionalmente definidos como indivíduos com idade > de 60 anos), é muitas vezes difícil estabelecer o que é normal devido a inúmeras modificações anatômicas e fisiológicas que ocorrem durante o processo de envelhecimento. Como resultado, o principal problema consiste em diferenciar o ponto em que o envelhecimento é normal daquele no qual a doença começa. Os achados radiológicos do tórax de pessoas idosas sadias são comumente limítrofes. Revisamos sistematicamente a literatura médica sobre o assunto, abrangendo o período entre 1950 e 2011, incluindo artigos em português, inglês, francês, italiano e espanhol. A busca foi feita através das bases de dados PubMed, LILACS e SciELO, utilizando os seguintes termos: age, aging, lung, thorax, chest, X-ray, radiography, pulmonary, computed tomography e suas traduções correspondentes, em combinações variadas. Os critérios de inclusão foram artigos originais e de revisão de achados radiológicos no tórax relacionados ao envelhecimento. Em linhas gerais, o envelhecimento resulta em modificações fisiológicas que devem ser reconhecidas de forma a não serem erroneamente interpretadas como patologias.
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KING, GARY, JENNIFER PAN, and MARGARET E. ROBERTS. "How Censorship in China Allows Government Criticism but Silences Collective Expression." American Political Science Review 107, no. 2 (May 2013): 326–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055413000014.
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We offer the first large scale, multiple source analysis of the outcome of what may be the most extensive effort to selectively censor human expression ever implemented. To do this, we have devised a system to locate, download, and analyze the content of millions of social media posts originating from nearly 1,400 different social media services all over China before the Chinese government is able to find, evaluate, and censor (i.e., remove from the Internet) the subset they deem objectionable. Using modern computer-assisted text analytic methods that we adapt to and validate in the Chinese language, we compare the substantive content of posts censored to those not censored over time in each of 85 topic areas. Contrary to previous understandings, posts with negative, even vitriolic, criticism of the state, its leaders, and its policies are not more likely to be censored. Instead, we show that the censorship program is aimed at curtailing collective action by silencing comments that represent, reinforce, or spur social mobilization, regardless of content. Censorship is oriented toward attempting to forestall collective activities that are occurring now or may occur in the future—and, as such, seem to clearly expose government intent.
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Rudnik, Katarzyna, and Iwona Pisz. "Probabilistic Fuzzy Approach to Evaluation of Logistics Service Effectiveness." Management and Production Engineering Review 5, no. 4 (December 10, 2014): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mper-2014-0037.
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Abstract Logistics service providers offer a whole or partial logistics business service over a certain time period. Between such companies, the effectiveness of specific logistics services can vary. Logistics service providers seek the effective performance of logistics service. The purpose of this paper is to present a new approach for the evaluation of logistics service effectiveness, along with a specific computer system implementing the proposed approach – a sophisticated inference system, an extension of the Mamdani probabilistic fuzzy system. The paper presents specific knowledge concerning the relationships between effectiveness indicators in the form of fuzzy rules which contain marginal and conditional probabilities of fuzzy events. An inference diagram is also shown. A family of Yager's parameterized t-norms is proposed as inference operators. It facilitates the optimization of system parameters and enables flexible adjustment of the system to empirical data. A case study was used to illustrate the new approach for the evaluation of logistics service effectiveness. The approach is demonstrated on logistics services in a logistics company. We deem the analysis of a probabilistic fuzzy knowledge base to be useful for the evaluation of effectiveness of logistics services in a logistics company over a given time period.
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Reißig, A., C. Mempel, R. Copetti, A. Schuler, S. Aliberti, P. Zechner, A. Heinzmann, R. Neumann, G. Mathis, and C. Kroegel. "Intermediate Results (01/2011) of the Prospective Multicentre DEGUM-/ÖGUM-Study "Role of Chest Ultrasound in Diagnosing and Follow-Up of Pneumonia.” Prospective Comparison to Chest X-Ray in Two Planes and Low-Dose Spiral Computed Tomography”." Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 37, no. 8 (August 2011): S30—S31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2011.05.152.
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Speicher, Maximilian. "Growth Marketing Considered Harmful." i-com 20, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/icom-2020-0016.
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Abstract In today’s e-commerce industry, conversion rate optimization is often considered essentially the same as user experience optimization. In addition, there is a strong focus on quantitative experimentation, which some deem a jack-of-all-trades solution, often at the expense of qualitative user experience research. Both are worrying developments. This essay elaborates on why it is harmful to consider conversion rate optimization and user experience optimization to be the same thing in the context of growth marketing, and how the three concepts are interrelated.
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Nissim, Malvina, Rik van Noord, and Rob van der Goot. "Fair Is Better than Sensational: Man Is to Doctor as Woman Is to Doctor." Computational Linguistics 46, no. 2 (June 2020): 487–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00379.
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Analogies such as man is to king as woman is to X are often used to illustrate the amazing power of word embeddings. Concurrently, they have also been used to expose how strongly human biases are encoded in vector spaces trained on natural language, with examples like man is to computer programmer as woman is to homemaker. Recent work has shown that analogies are in fact not an accurate diagnostic for bias, but this does not mean that they are not used anymore, or that their legacy is fading. Instead of focusing on the intrinsic problems of the analogy task as a bias detection tool, we discuss a series of issues involving implementation as well as subjective choices that might have yielded a distorted picture of bias in word embeddings. We stand by the truth that human biases are present in word embeddings, and, of course, the need to address them. But analogies are not an accurate tool to do so, and the way they have been most often used has exacerbated some possibly non-existing biases and perhaps hidden others. Because they are still widely popular, and some of them have become classics within and outside the NLP community, we deem it important to provide a series of clarifications that should put well-known, and potentially new analogies, into the right perspective.
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INTERLANDI, MATTEO, and LETIZIA TANCA. "A datalog-based computational model for coordination-free, data-parallel systems." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 18, no. 5-6 (September 2018): 874–927. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147106841800042x.
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AbstractCloud computingrefers to maximizing efficiency by sharing computational and storage resources, whiledata-parallel systemsexploit the resources available in the cloud to perform parallel transformations over large amounts of data. In the same line, considerable emphasis has been recently given to two apparently disjoint research topics:data-parallel, andeventually consistent, distributedsystems.Declarative networkinghas been recently proposed to ease the task of programming in the cloud, by allowing the programmer to express only the desired result and leave the implementation details to the responsibility of the run-time system. In this context, we deem it appropriate to propose a study on alogic-programming-based computational modelfor eventually consistent, data-parallel systems, the keystone of which is provided by the recent finding that the class of programs that can be computed in an eventually consistent, coordination-free way is that ofmonotonic programs. This principle is called Consistency and Logical Monotonicity (CALM) and has been proven by Amelootet al.for distributed, asynchronous settings. We advocate that CALM should be employed as a basic theoretical tool also for data-parallel systems, wherein computation usually proceeds synchronously in rounds and where communication is assumed to be reliable. We deem this problem relevant and interesting, especially for what concernsparallel dataflow optimizations. Nowadays, we are in fact witnessing an increasing concern about understanding which properties distinguish synchronous from asynchronous parallel processing, and when the latter can replace the former. It is general opinion that coordination-freedom can be seen as a major discriminant factor. In this work, we make the case that the current form of CALM does not hold in general for data-parallel systems, and show how, using novel techniques, the satisfiability of the CALM principle can still be obtained although just for the subclass of programs calledconnected monotonic queries. We complete the study with considerations on the relationships between our model and the one employed by Amelootet al., showing that our techniques subsume the latter when the synchronization constraints imposed on the system are loosened.
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Bernardes, Rafaela Danieli, Marco Antonio Alves Braun, Marcio Luis Duarte, Lucas Ribeiro dos Santos, and Marcelo De Queiroz Pereira da Silva. "Fratura do osso navicular – relato de caso diagnosticado pela ressonância magnética com radiografia normal / Navicular bone fracture – a case report diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging with normal radiography." Arquivos Médicos dos Hospitais e da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo 65, no. 1 (August 24, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26432/1809-3019.2020.65.018.
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Introdução: O osso navicular é um dos ossos do tarso que mais raramente sofre uma fratura. Com o formato de um barco e posicionado entre a cabeça do tálus e dos três cuneiformes, desempenha um papel importante na sustentação da coluna medial do pé. Uma vez fraturado, pode ter seu diagnóstico feito através da radiografia, tomografia computadorizada, ressonância magnética ou ainda por cintilografia óssea. Objetivo: Relatar um caso incomum de fratura do osso navicular, diagnosticado apenas pela ressonância magnética. Relato do Caso: Mulher de 41 anos que após uma queda referiu dor em seu pé direito com piora ao caminhar. Apresentava dor à palpação na porção medial e dorsal do mediopé e edema. Radiografia do pé normal. A ressonância magnética apresentou traço de fratura na porção medial do osso navicular. Conclusão: Apesar de incomum, as fraturas do mediopé devem ser pesquisadas com métodos de imagem e, mesmo quando a radiografia seja normal, na continuação da sintomatologia do paciente, exames de maior acurácia devem ser realizados, tais como a TC e a RM.Palavras chave: Ossos do tarso, Fraturas ósseas, Imagem por ressonância magnéticaABSTRACT:Introduction: The navicular bone is one of the tarsal bones that most rarely suffers a fracture. Shaped like a boat and positioned between the head of the talus and the three cuneiforms, it plays an important role in supporting the medial column of the foot. Once fractured, the diagnosis can be made through radiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, or even bone scintigraphy. Objective: To report an unusual case of fracture of the navicular bone, diagnosed only by magnetic resonance imaging. Case Report: A 41-year-old woman who, after a fall, reported pain in her right foot, which worsened when walking. He had pain on palpation in the medial and dorsal portion of the midfoot and edema. The radiograph of the foot is normal. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a fracture in the medial portion of the navicular bone. Conclusion: In spite of being uncommon, midfoot fractures should be investigated with imaging methods and, even when the radiograph is normal, in the continuation of the patient’s symptoms, more accurate tests should be performed, such as CT and MRI. Keywords: Tarsal bones, Bone fractures, Magnetic resonance imaging
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Barroso, Márcio Falcão Santos, Cláudio Gomes da Costa, Jorge Milton Ellian Saffar, Estevam Barbosa de Las Casas, Andréa Rodrigues Motta, Tatiana Vargas de Castro Perilo, Monalise Costa Batista, and Vivian Garro Brito. "Desenvolvimento de um sistema protótipo para medição objetiva das forças linguais em humanos." Sba: Controle & Automação Sociedade Brasileira de Automatica 20, no. 2 (June 2009): 156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-17592009000200004.
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O presente trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de um sistema para medição da força axial da língua humana. Como diferencial, o protótipo desenvolvido apresenta concordância metodológica com a prática clínica fonoaudiológica, no que diz respeito ao teste aplicado para a percepção da tensão lingual. O trabalho também verifica quais os pontos notáveis de força devem ser utilizados como parâmetros para a análise clínica, justificados a partir de testes de reprodutibilidade e repetitividade, numa tentativa de selecionar quais desses pontos podem ser empregados como parâmetros para o diagnóstico e como indicadores do sucesso de terapias. Resultados preliminares apontam para o uso da força média como medida mais confiável para a clínica fonaudiológica.
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Dong, Andy, Maaike Kleinsmann, and Dirk Snelders. "The Design of Firms: Part 2 - Competitive Advantage." Design Issues 37, no. 3 (2021): 59–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/desi_a_00648.
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Abstract One of the essential aspects of a company's design is its source of competitive advantage. Extrapolating from Raymond Loewy's famous design strategy acronym, MAYA—the Most Advanced Yet Acceptable Principle—and treating the firm as the object of design, this article explains the competitive advantage of firms from a design perspective. Our design-based recommendation for the competitive advantage of firms is to focus on shaping heterogeneity-based advantages of the firm in ways its paying customers would deem valuable. The novelty and conventionality dynamics of its industry will influence the degree of heterogeneity of the firm. Firms can shape their heterogeneity-based advantages through policies relating to organizational structure, routines, and product portfolio to name a few. Going beyond the role of a design in creating rents above and beyond what other firms can imagine, our claim focuses on the ways in which heterogeneity is a fundamental driver of its competitive advantage. If correct, the design-based view suggests that the ideal level of heterogeneity of the firm relative to current competitive conditions and evolution paths adopted by the firm and its competitors is more fundamental to firm profitability than its resources.
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Fosch-Villaronga, Eduard, Christoph Lutz, and Aurelia Tamò-Larrieux. "Gathering Expert Opinions for Social Robots’ Ethical, Legal, and Societal Concerns: Findings from Four International Workshops." International Journal of Social Robotics 12, no. 2 (November 20, 2019): 441–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12369-019-00605-z.
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AbstractSocial robots, those that exhibit personality and communicate with us using high-level dialogue and natural cues, will soon be part of our daily lives. In this paper, we gather expert opinions from different international workshops exploring ethical, legal, and social (ELS) concerns associated with social robots. In contrast to literature that looks at specific challenges, often from a certain disciplinary angle, our contribution to the literature provides an overview of the ELS discussions in a holistic fashion, shaped by active deliberation with a multitude of experts across four workshops held between 2015 and 2017 held in major international workshops (ERF, NewFriends, JSAI-isAI). It also explores pathways to address the identified challenges. Our contribution is in line with the latest European robot regulatory initiatives but covers an area of research that the latest AI and robot governance strategies have scarcely covered. Specifically, we highlight challenges to the use of social robots from a user perspective, including issues such as privacy, autonomy, and the dehumanization of interactions; or from a worker perspective, including issues such as the possible replacement of jobs through robots. The paper also compiles the recommendations to these ELS issues the experts deem appropriate to mitigate compounding risks. By then contrasting these challenges and solutions with recent AI and robot regulatory strategies, we hope to inform the policy debate and set the scene for further research.
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Klinger, Christoph, Bettina Riecken, Christoph Frank Dietrich, Klaus Dirks, Karel Caca, and Eckhart Fröhlich. "Use of Ultrasound in the Diagnostic Work-Up of Adult Intussusception – A Multicenter Retrospective Analysis." Ultraschall in der Medizin - European Journal of Ultrasound 41, no. 04 (July 5, 2018): 418–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0604-2676.
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Abstract Purpose To evaluate the use of ultrasound (US) in the diagnostic work-up of adult intussusception (AI). Methods This multicenter study includes 26 consecutive patients diagnosed with AI between January 2010 and November 2017. A retrospective chart analysis was conducted with a focus on abdominal US findings and diagnostic accuracy of different imaging modalities (ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging). If available, surgical and pathological findings served as the gold standard (76.9 %). US examiners certified according to DEGUM grade 2 or 3 were classified as experts. Otherwise, they were regarded to have basic skills. Results During diagnostic work-up, 92.3 % underwent abdominal US. US was the first-line imaging modality in 88.5 % of cases. The accuracy regarding the detection of AI (85 %), correct localization (95 %) and detection of complications (100 %) was excellent and comparable with CT (81 %, 90.5 %, and 91.7 %) when performed by experts. 72.7 % of tumorous lead points were detected by experienced examiners. In contrast, AI was detected in only 45.5 % of cases by examiners with basic skills. AI was diagnosed prior to surgery in all patients. Conclusion US is reliable in the diagnostic work-up of AI when performed by experienced examiners with high-quality equipment. US, CT and MRI should be used in a complementary fashion since combination provides excellent sensitivity regarding the detection and correct localization of AI as well as the detection of complications. The impact of real-time imaging is illustrated by supplementary videos.
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Klinger, Christoph, Gerhard Stuckmann, Christoph F. Dietrich, Annalisa Berzigotti, Marius S. Horger, Ines Debove, Bryant J. Gilot, et al. "Contrast-enhanced imaging in hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma: retrospective study of 10 patients." Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie 57, no. 06 (April 15, 2019): 753–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0886-0081.
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Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to analyze imaging findings in hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (HEHE) with a particular focus on contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). Materials and Methods This retrospective multicenter study included 10 patients with histologically proven HEHE from 5 European centers. All existing ultrasound images/videos were independently analyzed by 2 experienced examiners (DEGUM level III, internal medicine) using a standardized evaluation form. Patterns of contrast enhancement were correlated with computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and pathological findings. Results B-mode ultrasound, CEUS, CT, and MRI were performed in 90 %, 70 %, 100 %, and 90 % of patients, respectively. Multifocal HEHE could be observed in 80 % with affection of both liver lobes in 70 %. Analysis of CEUS revealed 3 characteristic patterns that correlated well with contrast patterns on CT and MRI: (a) peripheral nodular enhancement with centripetal fill-in and wash-out in the portal venous and late venous phase (PVLP), (b) rim-like arterial enhancement with wash-out in the PVLP, and (c) inversed target sign with/without wash-out in the PVLP. Wash-out in the PVLP as a sign suspicious of malignancy was observed in 6/7 patients (85.7 %). Conclusions Knowledge of the different characteristic CEUS patterns is of importance to avoid misdiagnosis due to resemblance of patterns A and B to the much more common focal liver lesions hemangioma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Of importance, sonographers should be aware that wash-out in the PVLP might be absent in some patients.
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Kieseberg, Peter, Sebastian Schrittwieser, and Edgar Weippl. "Secure Internal Data Markets." Future Internet 13, no. 8 (August 12, 2021): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi13080208.
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The data market concept has gained a lot of momentum in recent years, fuelled by initiatives to set up such markets, e.g., on the European level. Still, the typical data market concept aims at providing a centralised platform with all of its positive and negative side effects. Internal data markets, also called local or on-premise data markets, on the other hand, are set up to allow data trade inside an institution (e.g., between divisions of a large company) or between members of a small, well-defined consortium, thus allowing the remuneration of providing data inside these structures. Still, while research on securing global data markets has garnered some attention throughout recent years, the internal data markets have been treated as being more or less similar in this respect. In this paper, we outline the major differences between global and internal data markets with respect to security and why further research is required. Furthermore, we provide a fundamental model for a secure internal data market that can be used as a starting point for the generation of concrete internal data market models. Finally, we provide an overview on the research questions we deem most pressing in order to make the internal data market concept work securely, thus allowing for more widespread adoption.
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Varnas, Dominykas, and Augustina Jankauskienė. "Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia in a Kidney Transplant Recipient 13 Months after Transplantation: A Case Report and Literature Review." Acta medica Lituanica 28, no. 1 (January 25, 2021): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/amed.2020.28.1.5.
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Background. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is an opportunistic and prevalent fungal infection in immunocompromised hosts, including patients after kidney transplantation (KTx). It is a life threatening infection. While with effective prophylaxis it became less common, it still remains an issue among solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients during the first year. There are no specific clinical signs for PCP. Computed tomography (CT) is a better method for detecting PCP, but definite diagnosis can only be made by identification of the microorganism either by a microscopy or by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Clinical case. We present a case of a 17 year old with severe PCP 13 months after KTx followed by reduction in kidney function and respiratory compromise. The pathogen was detected by PCR from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and patient was treated successfully with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX). Patient’s condition, respiratory status and kidney function gradually improved. Our presented case is unusual because patient had no known risk factors for PCP and he was more than one year after KTx, what is considered rare. In addition patient and his parents delayed in notifying the treating physician about ongoing symptoms because did not deem them important enough.Conclusions. Clinicians treating patients in risk groups for PCP must always remain vigilant even in era of effective prophylaxis. The vigilance should also extend to the patient and patient’s family.
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Queiroz, Max H. de, and José E. R. Cury. "Controle supervisório modular de sistemas de manufatura." Sba: Controle & Automação Sociedade Brasileira de Automatica 13, no. 2 (August 2002): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-17592002000200004.
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Este artigo propõe uma metodologia para a síntese de supervisores ótimos para sistemas automatizados de manufatura. A metodologia se baseia na abordagem de controle supervisório modular local, uma extensão da Teoria de Controle Supervisório que tem o objetivo de evitar a explosão de estados na modelagem e na síntese de supervisores. A modelagem considera que os sistemas de manufatura sejam formados por diversos subsistemas concorrentes que devem ser sincronizados de forma a atender a uma série de especificações. O processo de síntese explora a modularidade das especificações, bem como a estrutura descentralizada natural de sistemas de manufatura, para gerar supervisores minimamente restritivos e de tamanhos reduzidos. A metodologia proposta é aplicada a um exemplo hipotético de sistema integrado de manufatura. Os resultados obtidos mostram considerável redução da complexidade computacional e do tamanho dos supervisores.
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Chen, Binghui, and Weihong Deng. "Energy Confused Adversarial Metric Learning for Zero-Shot Image Retrieval and Clustering." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 8134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33018134.
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Deep metric learning has been widely applied in many computer vision tasks, and recently, it is more attractive in zeroshot image retrieval and clustering (ZSRC) where a good embedding is requested such that the unseen classes can be distinguished well. Most existing works deem this ’good’ embedding just to be the discriminative one and thus race to devise powerful metric objectives or hard-sample mining strategies for leaning discriminative embedding. However, in this paper, we first emphasize that the generalization ability is a core ingredient of this ’good’ embedding as well and largely affects the metric performance in zero-shot settings as a matter of fact. Then, we propose the Energy Confused Adversarial Metric Learning (ECAML) framework to explicitly optimize a robust metric. It is mainly achieved by introducing an interesting Energy Confusion regularization term, which daringly breaks away from the traditional metric learning idea of discriminative objective devising, and seeks to ’confuse’ the learned model so as to encourage its generalization ability by reducing overfitting on the seen classes. We train this confusion term together with the conventional metric objective in an adversarial manner. Although it seems weird to ’confuse’ the network, we show that our ECAML indeed serves as an efficient regularization technique for metric learning and is applicable to various conventional metric methods. This paper empirically and experimentally demonstrates the importance of learning embedding with good generalization, achieving state-of-theart performances on the popular CUB, CARS, Stanford Online Products and In-Shop datasets for ZSRC tasks. Code available at http://www.bhchen.cn/.
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Vanderelst, Dieter, and Jurgen Willems. "Can We Agree on What Robots Should be Allowed to Do? An Exercise in Rule Selection for Ethical Care Robots." International Journal of Social Robotics 12, no. 5 (December 20, 2019): 1093–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12369-019-00612-0.
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AbstractFuture Care Robots (CRs) should be able to balance a patient’s, often conflicting, rights without ongoing supervision. Many of the trade-offs faced by such a robot will require a degree of moral judgment. Some progress has been made on methods to guarantee robots comply with a predefined set of ethical rules. In contrast, methods for selecting these rules are lacking. Approaches departing from existing philosophical frameworks, often do not result in implementable robotic control rules. Machine learning approaches are sensitive to biases in the training data and suffer from opacity. Here, we propose an alternative, empirical, survey-based approach to rule selection. We suggest this approach has several advantages, including transparency and legitimacy. The major challenge for this approach, however, is that a workable solution, or social compromise, has to be found: it must be possible to obtain a consistent and agreed-upon set of rules to govern robotic behavior. In this article, we present an exercise in rule selection for a hypothetical CR to assess the feasibility of our approach. We assume the role of robot developers using a survey to evaluate which robot behavior potential users deem appropriate in a practically relevant setting, i.e., patient non-compliance. We evaluate whether it is possible to find such behaviors through a consensus. Assessing a set of potential robot behaviors, we surveyed the acceptability of robot actions that potentially violate a patient’s autonomy or privacy. Our data support the empirical approach as a promising and cost-effective way to query ethical intuitions, allowing us to select behavior for the hypothetical CR.
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Zhao, Shanwen, Chanling Wei, Zhian Sun, Huachun Liu, Yanqiang Zhou, Xiaoxiao Wang, Jianmin Li, and Bolin Gong. "Preparation of Restricted Access Media-Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for the Detection of Chloramphenicol in Bovine Serum." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2019 (December 12, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7930102.
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Chloramphenicol- (CAP-) restricted access media-molecularly imprinted polymers (CAP-RAM-MIPs) were prepared by precipitation polymerization using CAP as a template molecule, 2-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DEAEM) as a functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethyl acrylate (EDMA) as a crosslinking agent, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) as an outer hydrophilic functional monomer, and acetonitrile as a pore former and solvent. The CAP-RAM-MIPs were successfully characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The adsorption performance was investigated in detail using static, dynamic, and selective adsorption experiments. Adsorption equilibrium could be reached within 11 min. The CAP-RAM-MIPs had a high adsorption rate and good specific adsorption properties. Scatchard fitting curves indicated there were two binding sites for CAP-RAM-MIPs. Adsorption was Freundlich multilayer adsorption and consistent with the quasi-second kinetic model. Using CAP-RAM-MIPs for selective separation and enrichment CAP in bovine serum in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), CAP recovery ranged from 94.1 to 97.9% with relative standard deviations of 0.7–1.5%. This material has broad application prospects in enrichment and separation.
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Miasaki, Celso Tadao, and Ruben Romero. "Um algoritmo genético especializado aplicado ao planejamento da expansão do sistema de transmissão com alocação de dispositivos de compensação série." Sba: Controle & Automação Sociedade Brasileira de Automatica 18, no. 2 (June 2007): 210–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-17592007000200007.
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Este artigo propõe uma nova estratégia para representar o problema de planejamento da expansão da transmissão a longo prazo. A proposta apresenta uma novidade, um modelo matemático que considera a instalação de dispositivos de compensação série. Nesta nova formulação a inclusão desses dispositivos torna a função objetivo não-linear e aumenta a não-linearidade das restrições relacionadas com a segunda lei de Kirchhoff. Para validar o modelo proposto são estudados o comportamento dos fluxos de potência ativa no sistema com a presença dos dispositivos de compensação série. Um algoritmo genético especializado, com codificação inteira e real, foi implementado com a intenção de fornecer como solução, a quantidade e o local, onde devem ser instalados as novas linhas de transmissão e os dispositivos de compensação série, além do valor da compensação. Os impactos da adição dos dispositivos de compensação série são mostrados através de estudos detalhados com o sistema teste IEEE 24 barras. Os resultados indicam um bom desempenho da metodologia proposta.
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Boronenko, Tatiana A., Anna V. Kaysina, and Vera S. Fedotova. "Characterisation and level assessment of schoolchildren’s digital literacy." Perspectives of Science and Education 50, no. 2 (May 1, 2021): 256–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32744/pse.2021.2.18.
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Relevance. The main trend in the development of the digital society involves active penetration of digital technologies in all spheres of human life. These conditions give rise not only to new opportunities for people, modern technologies, communication methods, problem solution, but also to previously unknown risks and threats. The formation of digital literacy of schoolchildren is becoming an important issue. In these terms, a special role is assigned to the school computer science course. This involves the need for descriptive characteristics of digital literacy and indicators for its qualitative assessment. The authors deem the use of praxeological characteristics of activity to be a promising direction in the solution of this problem from the standpoint of assessing the “correctness” of the use of digital technologies by the learners, their expediency, reasonableness, efficiency, safety and environmental friendliness. The purpose of the article is to identify the characteristic features of digital literacy of schoolchildren that help to assess its level – basic, intermediate and advanced – in the context of the praxeological approach. Methodology and techniques. The systemic and praxeological approaches to assessing the learners’ digital literacy are used as the methodological basis of the research. The Russian and foreign experience of its level-specific characteristics is analysed. When developing the indicators of schoolchildren’s digital competence, praxeological characteristics of human activity were used in the aspect of its efficiency, viability, maintainability, reasonableness, environmental friendliness, precision. The research results are presented by detailed description of the digital literacy level assessment indicators (basic, intermediate, advanced); fixing the specific characteristics of its pragmatistic component based on the praxeological principles of activity assessment and with regard for the priority ideas of the modern digital educational environment. The learner’s individual actions are assessed in seven areas of digital literacy: basic knowledge of hardware and software, information literacy, communication and collaboration, content creation, security, problem solving, career competencies. The scientific novelty is rooted in the context of addressing the problem of evaluating schoolchildren’s digital literacy from the standpoint of the praxeological approach that emphasises the pragmatistic format of digital skills manifestation in practice. The practical significance of the presented research results lies in the possibility of their use in educational institutions of secondary general level in order to improve the systems for assessing the academic achievements of learners in mastering the school-based computer science with regard for evaluation of praxeological characteristics of activity and the choice of most optimal formats for digital literacy development in accordance with the individual level of formed digital skills.
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Zhou, Jiang, Yan Zhou, Hao Hu, Mei-Ping Shen, Ying-Qian Ge, Xin-Wei Tao, Xiao-Quan Xu, Guo-Yi Su, and Fei-Yun Wu. "Feasibility study of using virtual non-contrast images derived from dual-energy CT to replace true non-contrast images in patients diagnosed with papillary thyroid carcinoma." Journal of X-Ray Science and Technology 29, no. 4 (July 27, 2021): 711–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/xst-210884.
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OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility of using virtual non-contrast (VNC) images derived from dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) to replace true non-contrast (TNC) images of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients. METHODS: Images of 96 PTC patients were retrospectively analyzed. TNC images were acquired under the single-energy mode of DECT after the plain scanning. The arterial and venous phase VNC (VNC-a and VNC-v) images were generated by the post-processing algorithm from the arterial phase and venous phase of contrast-enhanced CT images, respectively. Mean attenuation values, image noise, number and length of calcification were measured. Radiation dose was also calculated. Last, subjective score of image quality was evaluated by a 5-point scale. RESULTS: Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of each tissue in TNC images is significantly higher than that of VNC images (p<0.050). Contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of fat, muscle, thyroid nodules and internal carotid artery in TNC images is significantly higher than that of VNC images, while CNR in TNC images is lower for cervical vertebra (p<0.001). Calcification is detected on TNC images of 44 patients, while it is omitted on VNC images of 14 patients (31.8%). The subjective score of TNC images is higher than VNC images (p<0.001). The effective dose reduction is 47.6% by avoiding plain scanning. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the different attenuation value, SNR, CNR and especially reduced detection rate of calcification, we deem that VNC images cannot be directly used to replace TNC images in PTC patients, despite the reduced radiation dose.
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Veloso, Ana Isabel, Tania Ribeiro, and Liliana Costa. "QUANDO JOGO ATÉ ME ESQUEÇO DAS DORES: Jogos digitais como estratégia para a reabilitação física." Revista Observatório 4, no. 4 (June 29, 2018): 46–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.20873/uft.2447-4266.2018v4n4p46.
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Não é recente a ideia de recorrer aos jogos digitais como ferramenta de apoio à reabilitação física de pacientes. As causas que afetam a mobilidade física podem ser várias desde Acidentes Vasculares Cerebrais, o envelhecimento ou traumas causados por incidentes. Neste artigo são alvo de análise e discussão jogos digitais e sistemas digitais gamificados que promovem a realização de atividade física como forma de fisioterapia de diversas patologias. O artigo pretende ainda discutir e enquadrar um conjunto de recomendações que devem ser consideradas no desenvolvimento de jogos digitais desta natureza.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Jogos Digitais; Reabilitação física; gamificação; Interação humano-computador.
ABSTRACT
The idea of using digital games in patients' physical rehabilitation is not new. The causes that affect physical mobility can range from stroke, aging or trauma caused by incidents. In this article, digital games and gamified digital systems that encourage physical activity as a form of physiotherapy of various pathologies are the subject of analysis and discussion. This article aims to discuss and present a set of recommendations that should be considered in the development of such digital games.
KEYWORDS: Videogames; Physical rehabilitation; gamification; Human-computer interaction.
RESUMEN
La idea de utilizar los juegos digitales como una herramienta para apoyar la rehabilitación física de los pacientes no es nueva. Las causas que afectan la movilidad física pueden ir desde accidentes cerebrovasculares, envejecimiento hasta traumatismos causados por incidentes. En este artículo, el objeto de análisis y discusión es los juegos digitales y los sistemas de gamificación que promueven la actividad física como una forma de fisioterapia de diversas patologías. El artículo también tiene la intención de discutir y enmarcar un conjunto de recomendaciones que deben considerarse en el desarrollo de juegos digitales de este tipo.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Juegos digitales; Rehabilitación física; gamificación; Interacción humano-computador.
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Rodriguez-Rapale, Victor A., and Jorge L. Martinez-Trabal. "Hilar Renal Artery Aneurysm Repair Using Coil Embolization and Covered Stent." Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 53, no. 1 (September 4, 2018): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1538574418798113.
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Introduction: Little has been reported regarding endovascular therapy with stent of renal artery hilar aneurysms. To that end, we herein report the outcomes of 3 hilar renal artery aneurysms (RAA) treated with an endovascular technique that makes use of a covered stent and coil embolization in the repair of hilar RAA and deem using this technique is better than traditional open approach with back-table repair and autotransplatation. Methods: Since November 2014, 3 consecutive patients have been referred to the vascular surgery service for evaluation of a right RAA; these patients’ aneurysms were diagnosed with a CT arteriogram prior to evaluation. These patients, typically treated with open surgery, were deemed to be candidates for endovascular repair and were treated as follows: (1) cannulation of the right Common Femoral Artery with a selective arteriogram of the right renal artery, (2) covered stent to dominant hilar artery branch, and (3) coil embolization of the remaining branches/tributaries. Perioperative outcomes and quality measures were analyzed and compared. Results: The aneurysms were successfully covered and excluded as confirmed by a completion arteriogram. There were no perioperative morbidities (ie, acute kidney injury, endoleak, etc), and all 3 patients were discharged home the same days of their interventions. At their follow-up visits, the patients were free of symptoms and had normal renal functions as well as Computed tomography angiography (CTA) confirming successfully excluded aneurysms and no endoleaks. Conclusion: The technique we used demonstrated excellent outcomes with minimal comorbidities and preservation of renal function. As with many endovascular interventions, our technique compared favorably to traditional open technique in terms of technical feasibility, decreased length of stay, faster recovery, maintaining renal function, and reduced complication rates.
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Boice, Katherine L., Justina R. Jackson, Meltem Alemdar, Analía E. Rao, Sabrina Grossman, and Marion Usselman. "Supporting Teachers on Their STEAM Journey: A Collaborative STEAM Teacher Training Program." Education Sciences 11, no. 3 (March 5, 2021): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci11030105.
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There is growing enthusiasm for STEAM education in preparing students for an increasingly complex world. However, implementing STEAM in the classroom can be challenging for educators, as it may require collaboration across disciplines, increased workload, and understanding the nature of STEAM integration. This paper details a mixed-methods evaluation of a year-long STEAM teacher training program, in which a STEM teacher and an arts teacher collaborated to design and implement integrated STEAM lessons at each of the nine participating schools (n = 17). The training program consisted of a 5-week summer professional development experience, followed by ongoing financial, material, and pedagogical support during the school year, made possible by the partnership of the schools, a university, and community organizations. Findings from surveys, focus groups, and written reflections suggest that, despite certain challenges, aspects of the training program supported teacher implementation of STEAM. Participation in the program impacted teachers’ collaboration, pedagogy, self-efficacy, and arts integration practices. The findings offer insight into the forms of support that teachers deem important in STEAM teacher training programs and the benefits of such a program for teachers’ professional development.
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Salem, Aleieldin, Sebastian Banescu, and Alexander Pretschner. "Maat." ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security 24, no. 4 (November 30, 2021): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3465361.
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The malware analysis and detection research community relies on the online platform VirusTotal to label Android apps based on the scan results of around 60 antiviral scanners. Unfortunately, there are no standards on how to best interpret the scan results acquired from VirusTotal, which leads to the utilization of different threshold-based labeling strategies (e.g., if 10 or more scanners deem an app malicious, it is considered malicious). While some of the utilized thresholds may be able to accurately approximate the ground truths of apps, the fact that VirusTotal changes the set and versions of the scanners it uses makes such thresholds unsustainable over time. We implemented a method, Maat , that tackles these issues of standardization and sustainability by automatically generating a Machine Learning ( ML )-based labeling scheme, which outperforms threshold-based labeling strategies. Using the VirusTotal scan reports of 53K Android apps that span 1 year, we evaluated the applicability of Maat ’s Machine Learning ( ML )-based labeling strategies by comparing their performance against threshold-based strategies. We found that such ML -based strategies (a) can accurately and consistently label apps based on their VirusTotal scan reports, and (b) contribute to training ML -based detection methods that are more effective at classifying out-of-sample apps than their threshold-based counterparts.
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Rodrigues, Rafael N., Erlon C. Finardi, and Edson L. da Silva. "Alocação de unidades hidrelétricas no problema da programação da operação energética utilizando relaxação lagrangeana e lagrangeano aumentado." Sba: Controle & Automação Sociedade Brasileira de Automatica 17, no. 2 (June 2006): 155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-17592006000200004.
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O problema da programação da operação energética visa definir quais unidades geradoras devem estar em operação para o atendimento à demanda e às demais restrições do sistema, ao longo do horizonte de estudo, de modo que o mínimo custo de operação seja encontrado. Matematicamente, trata-se de um problema não-linear, inteiro-misto e de grande porte, o que torna a sua solução uma tarefa desafiadora. Este artigo apresenta o uso da Relaxação Lagrangeana para decompor o problema da programação da operação em subproblemas menores e mais simples de serem solucionados. No esquema de decomposição utilizado, os subproblemas têm naturezas distintas e são construídos aproveitando-se as particularidades que cada um deles apresenta. Um dos subproblemas resultante do esquema de relaxação utilizado refere-se à alocação das unidades hidrelétricas. Para resolver esse subproblema, propõe-se um algoritmo de enumeração exaustiva do espaço de estados do problema. Cada combinação consiste na solução de problemas não-lineares restritos, resolvidos aqui por meio do método de Lagrangeano Aumentado. Tal método transforma cada problema restrito em uma série de subproblemas irrestritos, que por sua vez são solucionados por um algoritmo de Quase-Newton. O modelo computacional desenvolvido é aplicado a duas usinas hidrelétricas do sistema brasileiro, demonstrando-se a sua consistência e viabilidade prática.
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Colaneri, Décio, and Claudio Garcia. "Desenvolvimento e modelagem de transdutor fotoelétrico destinado a máquinas cortadeiras para embalagens flexíveis." Sba: Controle & Automação Sociedade Brasileira de Automatica 18, no. 4 (December 2007): 397–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-17592007000400001.
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Atualmente há um emprego abundante de embalagens flexíveis nos produtos comercializados no varejo: biscoitos, chocolates, balas etc. A impressão dessas embalagens normalmente é feita em folhas, cuja largura é da ordem de 1 m e que, ao longo de sua largura, podem conter diversas embalagens individuais. Essas embalagens são fornecidas à empresa embaladora na forma de bobinas, as quais devem então ser seccionadas longitudinalmente, para separar as tiras que as compõem. Apresentam-se aqui o projeto e o desenvolvimento de um transdutor fotoelétrico, incumbido de auxiliar no corte longitudinal das embalagens flexíveis. Trata-se do desenvolvimento de um produto de concepção totalmente inovadora, pela não utilização de componentes clássicos de geometria óptica (lentes, prismas e filtros), caracterizado pela simplicidade construtiva, baixo custo e alto desempenho. Analisam-se e comparam-se diversas tecnologias de sensores ópticos e define-se o sensor fotoelétrico como sendo a melhor opção para esta aplicação, tanto do ponto de vista técnico quanto econômico, sendo então descritas características técnicas desse sensor. É feita ainda a montagem de um transdutor fotoelétrico com o sensor selecionado e a modelagem matemática do mesmo. Os testes realizados mostraram que o transdutor desenvolvido está plenamente apto a operar em máquinas cortadeiras-rebobinadeiras de última geração, cuja velocidade pode atingir 800 m/min.
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Gonçalves, Vinicius Mariano, Carlos Andrey Maia, Guilherme Augusto Silva Pereira, and Luciano Cunha de Araújo Pimenta. "Navegação de robôs utilizando curvas implícitas." Sba: Controle & Automação Sociedade Brasileira de Automatica 21, no. 1 (February 2010): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-17592010000100004.
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Em diversas aplicações robóticas que incluem monitoramento, mapeamento e vigilância, robôs devem seguir caminhos fechados que podem ter formas diversas, determinadas pela aplicação. Neste artigo é proposta uma metodologia para navegação de robôs em tarefas como estas, onde o caminho do robô pode ser definido como a intercessão de cur-vas de nível de determinadas funções. Além do caminho, a lei de controle do robô também é definida por meio de um campo vetorial criado a partir destas funções. A principal contribuição deste artigo é a construção de campos vetoriais em espaços n-dimensionais. Prova-se que um robô holonômico controlado por este campo converge e circula a curva especificada. O artigo mostra ainda que o campo resultante é contínuo e pode ser modificado para manter o módulo da velocidade do robô constante, característica importante para controle de alguns robôs aéreos, como é o caso de aviões não-tripulados. Finalmente, é mostrada uma técnica numérica, baseada na soma ponderada de funções de base radial, para criação das funções que determinam o caminho a ser seguido pelo robô. Simulações realizadas com um robô móvel não-holonômico sujeito a erros de localização ilustram o potencial da técnica para a navegação de diversos tipos de robôs.
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Almeida, C. F. M., and N. Kagan. "Aplicação de algoritmos genéticos e teoria dos conjuntos Fuzzy no dimensionamento de sistemas de monitoração para redes de transmissão de energia elétrica." Sba: Controle & Automação Sociedade Brasileira de Automatica 21, no. 4 (August 2010): 363–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-17592010000400004.
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Neste artigo é apresentada a aplicação de Algoritmos Genéticos (AGs) e Conjuntos Fuzzy no dimensionamento de sistemas para a monitoração de Variações de Tensão de Curta Duração (VTCDs) em redes de transmissão de energia elétrica. De acordo com a metodologia proposta, são simulados diferentes tipos de curto-circuitos em diversos pontos, com o intuito de caracterizar o Sistema Elétrico de Potência (SEP) em avaliação com relação a ocorrência de VTCDs. Em seguida, diferentes configurações para o sistema de monitoração, isto é, número de medidores e barras em que os mesmos devam ser instalados, são avaliadas através de AGs, com o objetivo de garantir que ao menos um dos medidores seja sensibilizado para cada um dos curto-circuitos simulados. Duas formas de modelagem do AG são apresentadas, sendo uma utilizando vetores binários para a decisão da instalação de medidores nas barras do SEP e a outra utilizando vetores inteiros, para a indicação das barras do SEP em que devem ser instalados os medidores. É feita a comparação das duas modelagens, bem como a avaliação dos resultados fornecidos pela medologia para uma rede de transmissão real de 154 barras. A metodologia também é aplicada na rede teste de 30 barras do IEEE, de modo a permitir a comparação da mesma com trabalhos semelhantes na área.
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Anelli, Vito Walter, Yashar Deldjoo, Tommaso Di Noia, and Antonio Ferrara. "Prioritized multi-criteria federated learning." Intelligenza Artificiale 14, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 183–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ia-200054.
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In Machine Learning scenarios, privacy is a crucial concern when models have to be trained with private data coming from users of a service, such as a recommender system, a location-based mobile service, a mobile phone text messaging service providing next word prediction, or a face image classification system. The main issue is that, often, data are collected, transferred, and processed by third parties. These transactions violate new regulations, such as GDPR. Furthermore, users usually are not willing to share private data such as their visited locations, the text messages they wrote, or the photo they took with a third party. On the other hand, users appreciate services that work based on their behaviors and preferences. In order to address these issues, Federated Learning (FL) has been recently proposed as a means to build ML models based on private datasets distributed over a large number of clients, while preventing data leakage. A federation of users is asked to train a same global model on their private data, while a central coordinating server receives locally computed updates by clients and aggregate them to obtain a better global model, without the need to use clients’ actual data. In this work, we extend the FL approach by pushing forward the state-of-the-art approaches in the aggregation step of FL, which we deem crucial for building a high-quality global model. Specifically, we propose an approach that takes into account a suite of client-specific criteria that constitute the basis for assigning a score to each client based on a priority of criteria defined by the service provider. Extensive experiments on two publicly available datasets indicate the merits of the proposed approach compared to standard FL baseline.
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Kobori, Osamu, and Naoki Yoshinaga. "Investigation of the Effects of an Online Support Group for Mental Health Problems on Stigma and Help-Seeking Among Japanese Adults: Cross-sectional Study." JMIR Formative Research 5, no. 9 (September 7, 2021): e21348. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/21348.
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Background Online support groups vary widely in both goals and structures owing to the rapid development of social networking services. Several studies have shown the potential effectiveness of online support groups, such as reducing psychological distress (eg, depression) among individuals with mental health problems. However, online support groups often do not aim at effectiveness regarding distress relief–related outcomes. Objective This study aims to examine whether the use frequency of online support group platform functions (U2plus) is associated with lower stigma and higher consumer activation. Methods A total of 350 U2plus users participated in a web-based survey. They were asked what therapy they had received in the past and how often they logged on to it, used each of its functions, and completed the following questionnaires: the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Devaluation-Discrimination Scale, and the General Help-Seeking Questionnaire. Results Regarding the therapy received, 88% (308/350) of participants had taken medication for mental health problems, and 66.6% (233/350) had received psychotherapy or mental health counseling. Regarding use frequency, 21.7% (74/341) of the participants signed in to U2plus and used its functions more than once a week. The use frequency of U2plus functions was not correlated with perceived stigma, but the use frequency of some functions was weakly correlated with help-seeking intentions from formal sources (eg, doctors and psychologists). However, multiple regression analyses revealed that the use frequency of those functions did not uniquely predict help-seeking intentions. Conclusions It was suggested that online support groups may serve as an alternative treatment option for those who are already undergoing pharmacological treatment and are willing to seek help from whatever source they deem helpful.
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Bandeira, Ana Luiza, Ivandro Klein, and Luis Augusto Koenig Veiga. "O Papel das Covariâncias na Análise de Deformação Aplicada ao Monitoramento Geodésico de Estruturas." Revista Brasileira de Cartografia 73, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 723–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/rbcv73n3-57873.
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Nos últimos anos, houve acidentes de grandes proporções devido ao rompimento de barragens no Brasil, o que motivou o aumento das pesquisas relacionadas à análise de deformações aplicadas ao monitoramento geodésico de estruturas. Na análise dos resultados obtidos, são consideradas as coordenadas isoladas dos pontos monitorados ou ainda resultantes posicionais para a verificação de possíveis deslocamentos, porém, devem ser consideradas também as covariâncias entre essas coordenadas. Entretanto, a negligência no uso das covariâncias das coordenadas dos pontos monitorados pode resultar tanto em falsos positivos quanto em falsos negativos em relação ao cenário real, isto é, multivariado. Desta forma, este trabalho apresenta exemplos simulados e com dados reais que demonstram a importância das covariâncias na análise de deformação aplicada ao monitoramento geodésico de estruturas. Os diversos exemplos analisados demonstraram a ocorrência tanto de falsos positivos quanto de falsos negativos do teste de congruência univariado em relação ao teste de congruência multivariado. Desta forma, visando a tomada de decisões, recomenda-se a aplicação da análise de deformação em um contexto multivariado.
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Teixeira, Bruno Otávio Soares, Fábio Gonçalves Jota, and Marcos Henrique Teixeira. "Modelagem, controle e otimização do processo dos fornos de reaquecimento de placas." Sba: Controle & Automação Sociedade Brasileira de Automatica 18, no. 1 (March 2007): 67–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-17592007000100006.
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Fornos de reaquecimento são comumente utilizados na indústria siderúrgica para aquecimento das placas de aço produzidas pelo processo de lingotamento. Essas placas devem ser reaquecidas, uniformemente, seguindo um perfil apropriado, de forma que elas tenham as propriedades mecânicas e metalúrgicas requeridas para sua laminação. Além disso, é desejável um controle dinâmico de temperatura nos fornos de reaquecimento satisfatório para que se reduza o consumo de combustível, já que tal consumo é responsável pela parcela mais onerosa dos custos de operação do processo de laminação a quente. Este trabalho apresenta melhorias desenvolvidas no controle dinâmico dos Fornos de Reaquecimento de Placas da Linha de Tiras a Quente da Usiminas. Para isso, foi utilizada uma metodologia que consistiu na modelagem experimental, projeto, re-sintonia de controladores PI e PID, e estudo de estratégias de controle avançado (controles antecipatório e chaveado e preditor de Smith) para as principais malhas de vazão e temperatura que compõem o processo. A Matriz de Ganhos Relativos (MGR) foi utilizada para avaliar o melhor emparelhamento das variáveis de controle e o acoplamento das zonas. Com o desenvolvimento deste trabalho, de acordo com os resultados de diversos testes em malha fechada, observaram-se uma melhoria de desempenho nas malhas e um ganho de eficiência nos controles, responsáveis por uma redução mensal de 3,7% no consumo do combustível, o que representa uma economia mensal média aproximada de 182 mil litros de óleo.
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Gulum, Mehmet A., Christopher M. Trombley, and Mehmed Kantardzic. "A Review of Explainable Deep Learning Cancer Detection Models in Medical Imaging." Applied Sciences 11, no. 10 (May 17, 2021): 4573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11104573.
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Deep learning has demonstrated remarkable accuracy analyzing images for cancer detection tasks in recent years. The accuracy that has been achieved rivals radiologists and is suitable for implementation as a clinical tool. However, a significant problem is that these models are black-box algorithms therefore they are intrinsically unexplainable. This creates a barrier for clinical implementation due to lack of trust and transparency that is a characteristic of black box algorithms. Additionally, recent regulations prevent the implementation of unexplainable models in clinical settings which further demonstrates a need for explainability. To mitigate these concerns, there have been recent studies that attempt to overcome these issues by modifying deep learning architectures or providing after-the-fact explanations. A review of the deep learning explanation literature focused on cancer detection using MR images is presented here. The gap between what clinicians deem explainable and what current methods provide is discussed and future suggestions to close this gap are provided.
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Kijima, Toshiki, Shohei Fukuda, Hiroshi Fukushima, Shingo Moriyama, Sho Uehara, Yosuke Yasuda, Soichiro Yoshida, et al. "Clinical outcomes of muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients with hydronephrosis treated with tetra-modality bladder sparing therapy incorporating consolidative partial cystectomy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 7_suppl (March 1, 2019): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.7_suppl.430.
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430 Background: Trimodality bladder sparing therapy has become an accepted treatment for selected patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). As the presence of hydronephrosis may reduce complete response rate and survival in trimodality therapy, some investigators deem hydronephrosis as a contraindication for bladder sparing. We have developed a tetra-modality bladder sparing therapy (TeMT) consisting of maximal transurethral resection (TUR), induction chemoradiotherapy (CRT), and partial cystectomy (PC) (Koga et al, BJU Int 2012). TeMT which enables surgical consolidation of the original MIBC site, including uretero-vesical anastomosis if necessary, may provide more chance of bladder sparing for patients with hydronephrosis. Methods: In total, 151 patients with cT2-3N0M0 MIBC (median age 69 years, female/male = 33/118, cT2/3 = 100/51) entered tetra-modality bladder-sparing protocol. After maximal TUR and CRT (40 Gy + cisplatin), response was evaluated via cytology, imaging, and tumor-site rebiopsy. Consolidative PC was performed in complete responders, while radical cystectomy was recommended for others. Extension of ipsilateral intrapelvic ureter in pretreatment computed tomography was graded following the Society for Fetal Urology grading system, then patients with grade 2-3 were classified as with hydronephrosis. Response rate to CRT, MIBC recurrence-free survival, and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were compared between patients with or without hydronephrosis. Results: Hydronephrosis was found in 19 patients (14%), and was associated with lower response rate to CRT (42% in hydronephrosis vs 77% in normal, p = 0.03). On an intent-to-treat basis, patients with hydronephrosis (n = 19) had lower 5-yr CSS than those without it (n = 132) (62% vs 85%, p < 0.01). Among the 106 patients who underwent PC as per protocol, patients with (n = 9) and without hydronephrosis (n = 97) had comparable 5-yr MIBC recurrence-free survival (100% vs 97%, p = 0.11) and CSS (100% vs 93%, p = 0.46). Conclusions: Patients with hydronephrosis should not necessarily be excluded from tetra-modality bladder sparing therapy.
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Zhang, Xueyang, Xiaohong Chen, Xudong Lin, Jing Wang, and Jianqiang Wang. "Towards a Hybrid Evaluation Approach to Chinese Sustainable Drinking Water Source Regions within an Uncertain Decision Environment." Symmetry 12, no. 8 (August 4, 2020): 1303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12081303.
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Confronted with the increasingly serious water pollution in China, companies are implementing scientific measures to strive for sustainable drinking water source regions (DWSRs). The challenge lies in how to evaluate available DWSRs. Considering the complexity and uncertainty existing in the evaluation process, we deem this process a complicated multi-criteria group decision-making (MCGDM) problem. It involves fuzzy decision information, prioritized relationships among different criteria, and distinctively allocated weights of decision makers regarding different alternatives. By utilizing the asymmetrical weak probabilistic hesitant fuzzy elements (P-HFES) to depict fuzzy data, this paper leads a direction to investigating a data-driven MCGDM approach and its application to evaluate available DWSRs. First, considering the common sense that criteria are not always given symmetrical priority, we propose a series of aggregation operators for integrating weak P-HFEs by including the prioritized relationship of criteria. Moreover, the importance weights of criteria and decision makers are objectively determined through a priority-based basic unit interval and monotonic (P-BUM) function and some novel distance measures, respectively. Finally, an evaluation approach is established. It aims to handle MCGDM problems with incomplete weight information regarding the criteria and decision makers in weak probabilistic hesitant fuzzy circumstance. Practically, focusing on evaluating three DWSRs, a realistic example of application is furnished to verify the feasibility of the proposed approach.
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Vieira, José Carlos M., Diogo Salles, Walmir Freitas, and André L. Morelato França. "Um método prático para a definição dos ajustes de relés baseados em medidas de freqüência usados para detecção de ilhamento de geração distribuída." Sba: Controle & Automação Sociedade Brasileira de Automatica 19, no. 2 (June 2008): 199–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-17592008000200008.
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Antes de se proceder com a instalação de geração distribuída em redes de distribuição de energia elétrica, engenheiros de proteção devem projetar e parametrizar sistemas de proteção de forma eficiente para desconectar os geradores distribuídos dentro de um tempo pré-determinado, no caso de ocorrência de situações de ilhamento. Tanto o projeto quanto a avaliação de sistemas de proteção anti-ilhamento confiáveis exigem um estudo detalhado envolvendo numerosas simulações dinâmicas, as quais podem demandar muito tempo por parte dos especialistas de proteção. Este artigo tem por objetivo propor um conjunto de fórmulas para reduzir esse número de simulações dinâmicas. Tais fórmulas são capazes de determinar diretamente o comportamento dinâmico dos dispositivos anti-ilhamento mais empregados em geradores síncronos distribuídos: os relés baseados em medidas de freqüência. Elas são obtidas da solução analítica da equação de oscilação da máquina síncrona, juntamente com a solução das equações dos relés. Além disso, as curvas que relacionam o tempo de detecção com o desbalanço de potência ativa, conhecidas como curvas de desempenho, são empregadas para avaliar a exatidão das fórmulas. Tais curvas são obtidas tanto por simulação dinâmica quanto pelas fórmulas propostas, assim uma comparação abrangente pode ser realizada. Os dispositivos de proteção contra ilhamentos analisados neste trabalho são o relé de sub/sobre freqüência, o relé de taxa de variação de freqüência (em inglês, ROCOF relay - Rate Of Change Of Frequency relay) e o relé de deslocamento de fase ou "salto de vetor" (em inglês Vector Surge, Vector Shift ou Voltage Jump relay).
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Rabêlo, Ricardo de Andrade Lira, Adriano Alber de França Mendes Carneiro, Ricardo Augusto Souza Fernandes, and Rosana Teresinha Vaccare Braga. "Uma abordagem baseada em sistemas de inferência Fuzzy Takagi-Sugeno aplicada ao planejamento da operação de sistemas hidrotérmicos de geração." Sba: Controle & Automação Sociedade Brasileira de Automatica 22, no. 1 (February 2011): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-17592011000100005.
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O planejamento da operação de sistemas hidrotérmicos de geração, em sistemas com grande participação hidráulica, como é o caso do sistema brasileiro, visa determinar uma política de operação que especifique como as usinas hidroelétricas devem ser operadas, de forma que os recursos hidroelétricos sejam utilizados com economia e confiabilidade. Este trabalho apresenta uma aplicação de sistemas de inferência fuzzy do tipo Takagi-Sugeno, responsável por obter uma política de operação (PBSIF - Política Baseada em Sistema de Inferência Fuzzy) que represente a operação otimizada de reservatórios para geração de energia elétrica, bem como da análise desta política e sua aplicação na simulação da operação de sistemas hidroelétricos. A política proposta é obtida pela otimização da operação energética das usinas hidroelétricas. Desta otimização extraem-se as relações entre a energia armazenada do sistema e o volume do reservatório de cada usina. Estas relações estão representadas nos parâmetros dos consequentes das regras linguísticas fuzzy do modelo de inferência de Takagi-Sugeno. De forma a ilustrar a eficácia da PBSIF, ela foi avaliada por meio da comparação do seu desempenho com a política de operação em paralelo; com a política de operação baseada em aproximações funcionais, que utiliza funções polinomiais e exponenciais, obtidas através do método dos mínimos quadrados; e também com o resultado obtido através da operação otimizada a usinas individualizadas. Com a metodologia proposta, procura-se demonstrar a viabilidade da obtenção e aplicação da PBSIF, e com os resultados obtidos, pretende-se ilustrar a eficácia e os ganhos energéticos advindos.
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Diehl, F. C., A. R. Secchi, L. P. Lusa, L. A. R. Muniz, and L. G. S. Longhi. "Simulação operacional de uma torre de destilação atmosférica via Aspen Plus e avaliação de modelos de analisadores virtuais." Sba: Controle & Automação Sociedade Brasileira de Automatica 20, no. 3 (September 2009): 305–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-17592009000300003.
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A torre atmosférica é um dos equipamentos mais importantes de uma unidade de destilação de óleo cru em uma refinaria. A otimização da operação deste equipamento é uma meta constante neste tipo de indústria, pois ela possibilita retornos financeiros bastante atrativos. Para levar a operação da coluna de destilação atmosférica próximo ao seu ponto operacional ótimo é necessário medir algumas propriedades chaves, em tempo real, para a atuação do sistema de controle. No entanto algumas propriedades não são facilmente medidas em tempo real, ou ainda sua medição depende da compra de analisadores em linha que podem apresentar custos expressivos. Uma alternativa para a obtenção dessas propriedades é a utilização de inferências (analisadores virtuais), que predizema variável desejada através de modelos matemáticos utilizando variáveis secundárias como parâmetros de entrada. Duas inferências, concedidas pela REFAP S/A, foram avaliadas com a finalidade de se determinar aquela com maior poder pre ditivo da temperatura que destila 85% da corrente de hidrocarbonetos desejada (T85%). A fonte de dados, para os testes, foi originada no estado estacionário pelo software Aspen Plus, após a validação de um modelo por dados operacionais médios recolhidos na própria refinaria. Dois modos operacionais foram propostos e análises de sensibilidade foram geradas para que seus resultados fossem utilizados como fonte de dados para os modelos inferenciais. As T85% provenientes do simulador foram consideradas padrão para a comparação com os resultados obtidos pelas inferências. Os analisadores virtuais mostraram-se sensíveis ao modo de operação a que estão submetidos. Isto significa que os ajustes feitos nos parâmetros dos modelos devem ser revistos caso haja uma mudança operacional significativa no sistema de destilação. Para a operação em que os modelos foram desenvolvidos o desempenho das duas inferências foi semelhante, podendo concluir que no estado estacionário as predições de ambas são satisfatórias.
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Zeng, Bowen, Zhongmin Zhang, Xiao Zhang, and Jing Xiang. "Design of Refueling Control System with Multi-ControlTerminal Based on Network." Electronics 10, no. 13 (June 28, 2021): 1559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10131559.
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This paper discusses a network-based refueling control system with multiple control terminals that achieves the control input and display of near-aircraft position, refueling station, and centralized console. The system can achieve the closed-loop control of the refueling input flow, automatic control of the fixed refueling amount, and collection of environmental parameters, such as pipeline pressure, according to the refueling aircraft model. Moreover, the system can dynamically display parameter information of the refueling process in real time on three terminals. To meet the requirements of system functions and the real-time performance of tasks, this study selected the LPC2378 controller with the ARM core. The controller uses the µC/OS-II embedded real-time operating system as the software operating platform. To achieve the special requirements of the explosion-proof system, the explosion-proof 485 bus was employed to communicate with the display control unit (DCU) of the intrinsically safe contact aircraft stand and refueling station. The communication adopts the dual-redundant Ethernet communication and full-duplex 485 communication. To avoid the influence of external equipment on the control circuit, the power isolation method was adopted to ensure the stability of the system. After comprehensive debugging of hardware and software, we deem that the system has good performance and can be applied in engineering.
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Wu, Y., J. C. Denny, S. T. Rosenbloom, R. A. Miller, D. A. Giuse, M. Song, and H. Xu. "A Preliminary Study of Clinical Abbreviation Disambiguation in Real Time." Applied Clinical Informatics 06, no. 02 (2015): 364–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/aci-2014-10-ra-0088.
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SummaryObjective: To save time, healthcare providers frequently use abbreviations while authoring clinical documents. Nevertheless, abbreviations that authors deem unambiguous often confuse other readers, including clinicians, patients, and natural language processing (NLP) systems. Most current clinical NLP systems “post-process” notes long after clinicians enter them into electronic health record systems (EHRs). Such post-processing cannot guarantee 100% accuracy in abbreviation identification and disambiguation, since multiple alternative interpretations exist.Methods: Authors describe a prototype system for real-time Clinical Abbreviation Recognition and Disambiguation (rCARD) – i.e., a system that interacts with authors during note generation to verify correct abbreviation senses. The rCARD system design anticipates future integration with web-based clinical documentation systems to improve quality of healthcare records. When clinicians enter documents, rCARD will automatically recognize each abbreviation. For abbreviations with multiple possible senses, rCARD will show a ranked list of possible meanings with the best predicted sense at the top. The prototype application embodies three word sense disambiguation (WSD) methods to predict the correct senses of abbreviations. We then conducted three experments to evaluate rCARD, including 1) a performance evaluation of different WSD methods; 2) a time evaluation of real-time WSD methods; and 3) a user study of typing clinical sentences with abbreviations using rCARD.Results: Using 4,721 sentences containing 25 commonly observed, highly ambiguous clinical abbreviations, our evaluation showed that the best profile-based method implemented in rCARD achieved a reasonable WSD accuracy of 88.8% (comparable to SVM – 89.5%) and the cost of time for the different WSD methods are also acceptable (ranging from 0.630 to 1.649 milliseconds within the same network). The preliminary user study also showed that the extra time costs by rCARD were about 5% of total document entry time and users did not feel a significant delay when using rCARD for clinical document entry.Conclusion: The study indicates that it is feasible to integrate a real-time, NLP-enabled abbreviation recognition and disambiguation module with clinical documentation systems.Citation: Wu Y, Denny JC, Rosenbloom ST, Miller RA, Giuse DA, Song M, Xu H. A preliminary study of clinical abbreviation disambiguation in real time. Appl Clin Inf 2015; 6: 364–374http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2014-10-RA-0088
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Wang, Jun, Li Zhang, Yanjun Huang, Jian Zhao, and Francesco Bella. "Safety of Autonomous Vehicles." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (September 15, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8867757.
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Autonomous vehicle (AV) is regarded as the ultimate solution to future automotive engineering; however, safety still remains the key challenge for the development and commercialization of the AVs. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the development status of AVs and reported accidents is becoming urgent. In this article, the levels of automation are reviewed according to the role of the automated system in the autonomous driving process, which will affect the frequency of the disengagements and accidents when driving in autonomous modes. Additionally, the public on-road AV accident reports are statistically analyzed. The results show that over 3.7 million miles have been tested for AVs by various manufacturers from 2014 to 2018. The AVs are frequently taken over by drivers if they deem necessary, and the disengagement frequency varies significantly from 2 × 10−4 to 3 disengagements per mile for different manufacturers. In addition, 128 accidents in 2014–2018 are studied, and about 63% of the total accidents are caused in autonomous mode. A small fraction of the total accidents (∼6%) is directly related to the AVs, while 94% of the accidents are passively initiated by the other parties, including pedestrians, cyclists, motorcycles, and conventional vehicles. These safety risks identified during on-road testing, represented by disengagements and actual accidents, indicate that the passive accidents which are caused by other road users are the majority. The capability of AVs to alert and avoid safety risks caused by the other parties and to make safe decisions to prevent possible fatal accidents would significantly improve the safety of AVs. Practical applications. This literature review summarizes the safety-related issues for AVs by theoretical analysis of the AV systems and statistical investigation of the disengagement and accident reports for on-road testing, and the findings will help inform future research efforts for AV developments.
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Orellana, Fernanda Monteiro, Pablo Leonardo Traete, Victor Notari de Campos, Alan Rechamberg Ziroldo, and Luis Gustavo Morato de Toledo. "Clear - cell renal carcinoma: review of literature in pediatric population / Carcinoma renal de células-claras: revisão bibliográfica na população pediátrica." Arquivos Médicos dos Hospitais e da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo 65, no. 1 (August 19, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26432/1809-3019.2020.65.017.
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ABSTRACT:Introduction: The first reports of renal tumors originated from the renal tubule epithelium date from 1855, Robin, and 1867, Waldeyer. However, at the same era, some pathologists wrong believed these tumors were originated from adrenal gland tissues due to the fat content of the tumor (hypernephroid tumor theory - origin above the kidney, 1894). The first diagnostic test for renal tumor was excretory urography. Over the years, with the emergence of ultrasonography (US), it has been replaced. Nowadays, after the US screening, all renal lesions should be evaluated, in a complementary way, with computed tomography (CT) - gold standard - in the pre-contrast, arterial, portal, nephrographic phases. This is necessary to characterize the presence of enhancement after contrast. A kidney injury that enhances more than 15 Housfield units (UH) is suspected of kidney cell cancer. There are different subtypes of renal tumors derived from various sites of the nephron. Clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is one of the subtypes that originates from the renal cortex. It is a rare tumor in children. Objective: The aim of this chapter is to review de incidence, pathology, diagnosis and treatment in clear-cell renal carcinoma in pediatric population. Methods: The authors performed a literary review about clear-cell renal carcinoma in pediatric population using Pubmed Database and Campbell-Walsh Urology as source search.Keywords: Renal cell carcinoma, Tumor, Pediatrics, Kidney, Nefrectomy ResumoRESUMO:Introdução: Os primeiros relatos de tumores renais originados do epitélio do túbulo renal datam de 1855, Robin, e 1867, Waldeyer. Contudo, na mesma época, alguns patologistas acreditavam erroneamente que esses tumores provinham dos tecidos das glândulas supra-renais, devido ao teor de gordura do tumor (hypernephroid tumor theory – origem acima do rim, 1894). O primeiro teste diagnóstico para tumor renal foi a urografia excretora. Ao longo dos anos, com o surgimento da ultrassonografia, esse teste foi substituído. Atualmente, após a leitura da ultrassonografia, todas as lesões renais devem ser avaliadas, de forma complementar, com tomografia computadorizada (TC) – padrão ouro – nas fases pré-contraste, arterial, porta e nefrográfica. Isso é necessário para caracterizar a presença de melhora após contraste. Uma lesão renal que aumenta mais de 15 unidades Housfield (UH) é suspeita de câncer de células renais. Existem diferentes subtipos de tumores derivados de vários locais do néfron. O carcinoma de células renais de células claras (CCR) é um dos subtipos originários do córtex renal. É um tumor raro em crianças. Objetivo: O objetivo deste capítulo é revisar a incidência, a patologia, o diagnóstico e o tratamento do CCR na população pediátrica. Método: Os autores realizaram uma revisão literária sobre carcinoma renal de células claras em população pediátrica usando a base de dados PubMed e o livro Campbell-Walsh de Urologia como fonte de pesquisa.Palavras chave: Carcinoma de células renais, Tumor, Pediatria, Rim, Nefrectomia