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Books on the topic 'Degeneration in art'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

David, Weir. Decadent culture in the United States: Art and literature against the American grain, 1890-1926. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2008.

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2

1942-, Kline T. Jefferson, and Schor Naomi, eds. Decadent subjects: The idea of decadence in art, literature, philosophy, and culture of the fin de siècle in Europe. Baltimore, Md: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001.

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3

David, Weir. Decadent culture in the United States: Art and literature against the American grain, 1890-1926. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2008.

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4

La follia rappresentata: Matti, degenerati e idioti nella letteratura e nell'arte figurativa italiane dell'Ottocento. Firenze: Atheneum, 2001.

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5

Degeneration. Shanghai, China: OCT Contemporary Art Terminal Shanghai, 2013.

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6

The End Again: Degeneration and Visual Culture in Modern Spain. Penn State University Press, 2017.

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7

Seki, Kusuo. Hitora to taihai geijutsu: "Taihai geijutsu ten" to "Dai Doitsu geijutsu ten". Kawade Shobo Shinsha, 1992.

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8

Bernheimer, Charles. Decadent Subjects: The Idea of Decadence in Art, Literature, Philosophy, and Culture of the Fin de Siècle in Europe (Parallax: Re-visions of Culture and Society). The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002.

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9

The Fourfold Path to Healing: Working with the Laws of Nutrition, Therapeutics, Movement and Meditation in the Art of Medicine. NewTrends Publishing, Inc., 2004.

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10

Schor, Naomi, Charles Bernheimer, and T. Jefferson Kline. Decadent Subjects: The Idea of Decadence in Art, Literature, Philosophy, and Culture of the Fin de Sihcle in Europe. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003.

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11

Degeneration Decadence And Disease In The Russian Fin De Sicle Neurasthenia In The Life And Work Of Leonid Andreev. Manchester University Press, 2014.

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12

Decadent Culture in the United States: Art and Literature Against the American Grain, 1890-1926 (Suny Series, Studies in the Long Nineteenth Century). State University of New York Press, 2007.

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13

Graff-Radford, Jonathan, and Keith A. Josephs. Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0018.

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Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is an uncommon but important form of degenerative disease characterized by clinical syndromes that result from degeneration of the frontal and temporal lobes. FTD is divided based on clinical presentation into behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD), semantic dementia, and progressive nonfluent/agrammatic aphasia. Several recent studies have advanced our knowledge of the genetics of FTD, with the three most common FTD genes being microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) and progranulin (GRN), and a noncoding repeat expansion in C9ORF72. Tau and TDP-43 are the most common pathologies associated with FTD. No pharmacological therapies are currently approved for use in FTD.
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14

(Editor), Mark Amerika, and Ronald Sukenick (Editor), eds. Degenerative Prose. Fiction Collective 2, 1995.

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15

Fink, John K. Upper Motor Neuron Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0031.

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Symptomatic disturbance of corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts (collectively, the upper motor neuron UMN) occurs in innumerable acquired central nervous system disorders including the consequences of trauma, hypoxia-ischemia, inflammation (e.g. multiple sclerosis), toxins (e.g. thiocyanate1 and specific organophosphorus compound toxicity2) and deficiencies (e.g. hypocupremia3 and vitamin B12 deficiency). Variable degrees of UMN disturbance frequently accompany degenerative disorders in which disturbance of another neurologic system results in the primary clinical. Neuropathologic studies have shown prominent axon degeneration involving corticospinal tracts (HSP and PLS) and corticobulbar tracts (PLS); and mildly affecting dorsal columns (HSP and PLS to some degree). Myelin loss is considered secondary to axon degeneration. Loss of cortical motor neurons is observed in PLS. Anterior horn cells are typically spared in both HSP and PLS. Presently, treatment for HSP and PLS is symptomatic and includes physical therapy and spasticity reducing medications.
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16

Mark, Amerika, and Sukenick Ronald, eds. Degenerative prose: Writing beyond category. [Normal, Ill.]: FC2, 1995.

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17

Gray, Françoise, Charles Duyckaerts, and Umberto De Girolami, eds. Escourolle and Poirier's Manual of Basic Neuropathology. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199929054.001.0001.

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Now in its 5th edition, this resource is one of the most respected texts in neuropathology and provides an introduction to the various diseases of the nervous system and their underlying pathology. It covers the full spectrum of the various categories of neurologic disease, including neoplasia, trauma, vascular disease, and infection, with separate chapters on prion diseases, multiple sclerosis, degenerative disorders, acquired metabolic diseases, hereditary metabolic diseases, congenital malformations, perinatal diseases, skeletal muscle, peripheral nerve, and the pituitary gland. The most current techniques in neuropathology are covered in their own chapter at the end of the book. Richly illustrated throughout, it features over 700 images of various neuropathogical diagnoses such as tumor, stroke, infection, degeneration, and malformation, among others.
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18

Celesia, Gastone G., and Neal S. Peachey. Visual Evoked Potentials and Electroretinograms. Edited by Donald L. Schomer and Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228484.003.0041.

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Electrophysiological testing of vision permits the objective assessment of the function of the retina, visual pathways, and cortices. This chapter covers visual evoked potentials (VEPs) and electroretinography (ERG). Flash ERG is useful in evaluating the outer retinal function and specifically helping in the diagnosis of retinal degeneration, monitoring the progress of retinal diseases, monitoring the retinal toxicity of drugs, and understanding the pathophysiology of retinal disorders. VEPs to various stimuli are useful in evaluating macular disorders, diagnosing optic neuropathies, detecting silent pathologies in the absence of other clinical signs of visual impairment, and evaluating disturbances of visual processing in degenerative diseases of the central nervous system. Simultaneous recording of pattern ERG and pattern VEP permits the differentiation between maculopathies and optic neuropathy.
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19

Champlin, Charles. My Friend, You Are Legally Blind A Writer's Struggle with Macular Degeneration. John Daniel & Company Books, 2001.

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20

Knezevic, Nebojsa Nick, Benjamin Cantu, Ivana Knezevic, and Kenneth D. Candido. Chronic Back Pain in the Elderly: Spinal Stenosis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190271787.003.0022.

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Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a common reason for physician office visits among the elderly. Predictive factors for CLBP are female sex, social isolation, hypertension, and joint pain. In the elderly, CLBP may be related to degenerative spinal stenosis with disk degeneration and overall spondylosis. A detailed medical history and a targeted, comprehensive physical examination are the initial approaches to rule out underlying disease that requires urgent attention. Clinical and evidence-based approaches to management suggest avoiding early MRI or CT, as imaging in elderly patients has proven both impractical and uneconomical. Instead, good clinical judgment should be used for making diagnoses. Consensus on the best initial approaches for managing CLBP has not yet been achieved, and conservative therapy is suggested, varying from use of pharmacologic agents, physical therapy, electrical stimulation, and physical manipulations to epidural injections. Surgical alternatives are avoided due to confounding and multiple comorbidities in older patients.
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21

Burge, Peter. Degenerative arthritis of the wrist. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199550647.003.006002.

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♦ The multiple joint compartments of the wrist show very different susceptibility to degenerative arthritis♦ Secondary, not primary, degenerative arthritis of the radiocarpal joint is more common, and non-operative treatment is often sufficient♦ Scaphoid-trapezoid-trapezium osteoarthritis is common and often asymptomatic or only mildly symptomatic, non-operative treatment is usually sufficient♦ Pisotriquetral osteoarthritis is uncommon and often asymptomatic♦ Range of movement, features of pain and radiography are important in diagnosis
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22

Miller, Bruce L. Frontotemporal Dementia. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780195380491.001.0001.

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Frontotemporal Dementia provides an in-depth look at the history, various types, genetics, neuropathology and psychosocial aspects of one of the most common but least understood causes of dementia, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, from one of the world's leading centers for the study of dementia. Aided by the latest research in diagnosis, mechanism and treatment, this resource captures the rich and quickly changing landscape of a devastating neurodegenerative disease, and offers up-to-date clinical advice for patient care. Frontotemporal dementia, in particular, raises psychological and philosophical questions about the nature of self, free will, emotion, art and behavior - important topics for practitioners and families to appreciate as they care for the sufferer. It includes case studies, photographs and figures from the leaders in the field and personal communication from the researchers driving these developments.
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23

Marek, Szpalski, ed. Instrumented fusion of the degenerative lumbar spine: State of the art, questions, and controversies. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1996.

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24

Instrumented Fusion of the Degenerative Lumbar Spine: State of the Art, Questions, and Controversies. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1996.

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25

Drazin, Doniel, Carlito Lagman, Christine Piper, Ari Kappel, and Terrence T. Kim. Surgical Approaches for Degenerative Lumbar Stenosis. Edited by Mehul J. Desai. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199350940.003.0018.

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This chapter discusses the evaluation of patients presenting with low back pain and the surgical management of three common causes of low back pain in adults: stenosis, spondylolisthesis, and scoliosis. Components of the history and physical examination, diagnostic imaging, and ancillary studies are reviewed. Surgical management includes decompression including laminectomy or laminotomy, and instrumented fusion. Indications, contraindications, general procedural steps, and potential complications are covered. Recent published literature is reviewed when appropriate.
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26

Kimura, Jun. Nerve conduction studies. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199688395.003.0006.

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This chapter examines the principles and practice of nerve conduction studies, which constitute an extension of the clinical history-taking and physical examination, rather than a separate laboratory test. Therefore, in order to take best advantage of the physiological assessment, we need to formulate a reasonable differential diagnosis based on their clinical examination. Nerve conduction studies will help clinicians by confirming the clinical diagnosis, characterizing the neuropathic process by documenting demyelination or axonal degeneration, which dictates the speed and manner of nerve impulse propagation, localizing the site of lesions, differentiating a focal versus diffuse process, and quantitating the abnormalities by the size of the elicited response, which approximately corresponds to the number of functional nerve and muscle fibres. The chapter will appeal to those interested in a broad review of electrodiagnostic medicine and to those wanting a current update on the state-of-the art information of nerve conduction techniques.
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27

de Carvalho, Mamede, and Michael Swash. Neurophysiology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other motor degenerations. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199688395.003.0022.

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Electromyography is critical for the diagnosis of motor neuron disease, as its findings exclude mimicking disorders, and confirm signs of widespread motor unit loss and reinnervation. In chronic conditions the slow disease course allows giant, stable motor unit potentials to appear. In contrast, in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, the rapid degenerative process is characterized by signs of denervation and unstable motor unit potentials, where motor units become dysfunctional before having time to sustain very large reinnervated motor unit potentials. Fasciculation potentials are observed in both conditions. In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis fasciculation potentials are important supporting electrodiagnostic evidence, permitting earlier diagnosis. Many methods have been developed to quantify and monitor the lower motor neuron pool, but few have been used in clinical trials. Their role as tools to follow interventions or to interpret pathogenesis remains incompletely explored. Electromyography is a sensitive and reliable test in the diagnosis and assessment of motor neuron diseases.
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28

Katirji, Bashar. Case 19. Edited by Bashar Katirji. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190603434.003.0023.

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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a fatal neurological disorder, classically presenting with signs of upper motor neuron and lower motor neuron degeneration. Several motor neuron disease variants with purely upper or lower motor neuron degeneration exist. These includes primary lateral sclerosis, progressive muscular atrophy and progressive bulbar palsy. The diagnostic criteria, including El-Escorial criteria and its most recent Awaji revision, are not used in clinical practice and for research purposes. This case highlights the clinical features and electrodiagnostic characteristics of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The findings on nerve conduction studies and needle electromyography are emphasized in detail. The role of electrodiagnostic studies in the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is to establish evidence of lower motor neuron degeneration, confirm its diffuse nature, and exclude treatable causes (such as multifocal motor neuropathy and mimickers of motor neuron disease such as chronic myopathies).
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29

Singer, Michael A. Are Chronic Degenerative Diseases Part of the Ageing Process?: Insights from Comparative Biology. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2013.

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30

Singer, Michael A. Are Chronic Degenerative Diseases Part of the Ageing Process?: Insights from Comparative Biology. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2015.

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31

Cleary, Georgia, Allon Barsam, and Stephen Tuft. Cornea and conjunctiva. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199672516.003.0002.

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This chapter focuses on the cornea and conjunctiva. It first discusses corneal anatomy and physiology, corneal nutrition, and conjunctival anatomy and physiology. Next, it outlines history taking for anterior segment disease. It then discusses clinical knowledge areas, including blepharitis, staphylococcal hypersensitivity disorders, dry eye disease, conjunctivitis, cicatrizing conjunctival disease, conjunctival degeneration, conjunctival neoplasia, corneal degeneration, infectious keratitis (bacterial, fungal, and viral), interstitial keratitis, peripheral ulcerative keratitis, metabolic and drug induced keratopathies, corneal dystrophies, contact lenses, corneal ectasia, keratoplasty, anterior uveal tumours, anterior segment trauma, chemical injury, and refractive surgery. Practical skills, such as the removal of a corneal foreign body, and corneal sutures, are also discussed.
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32

Goyal, Saurabh, Allon Barsam, and Stephen Tuft. External eye disease. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199237593.003.0001.

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This chapter covers corneal and conjunctival basic science, before covering clinical skills (history taking for anterior segment disease and examination of the anterior segment). The chapter then covers blepharitis, staphylococcal hypersensitivity disorders, dry eye disease, conjunctivitis, cicatrizing conjunctival disease, conjunctival degeneration, conjunctival neoplasia, corneal degeneration, infectious keratitis, interstitial keratitis, peripheral ulcerative keratitis, metabolic and drug-induced keratopathies, corneal dystrophies, contact lenses, corneal ectasia, keratoplasty, complications of keratoplasty and graft rejection, anterior uveal tumours, anterior segment trauma, chemical injury, and refractive surgery. Practical skills are then covered, including corneal glue, removal of corneal sutures, removal of corneal foreign bodies, corneal topography, and corneal pachymetry. The chapter concludes with three case-based discussions, on chemical injury, Herpes zoster keratitis, and bacterial keratitis.
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33

Attems, Johannes, and Kurt A. Jellinger. Neuropathology. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199644957.003.0006.

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This chapter describes the main neuropathological features of the most common age associated neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies as well as other less frequent ones such as multiple system atrophy, Pick's disease, corticobasal degeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy, argyrophilic grain disease, neurofibrillary tangle dominant dementia, frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 pathology and Huntington's disease. Likewise cerebral amyloid angiopathy, hippocampal sclerosis, vascular dementia and prion diseases are described. A main aim of this chapter is to assist the reader in interpreting neuropathological reports, hence criteria for the neuropathological classifications of the major diseases are provided. One section covers general considerations on neurodegeneration and basic pathophysiological mechanisms of tau, amyloid-β, α-synuclein, TDP-43 and prions are briefly described in the sections on the respective diseases. Finally, one section is dedicated to cerebral multimorbidity and we give a view on currently emerging neuropathological methods.
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34

Waldvogel, Henry J., Eric H. Kim, Lynette J. Tippett, Jean-Paul G. Vonsattel, and Richard L. M. Faull. Neuropathology in the Human Brain. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199929146.003.0009.

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The neuropathology of Huntington’s disease (HD) has been studied for many years, but it is only now becoming clear that despite the disease being caused by dysfunction of a single gene, expressed as an expanded polyglutamine in the huntingtin protein, there is a major variability in the pathology throughout different brain regions, especially the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex. Also, the symptoms present as varying degrees of involuntary movements, mood, personality changes, cognitive changes, and dementia, which can vary throughout the course of the disease and vary greatly between cases. Recent extensive clinicopathologic studies suggest that the variable degeneration of the striatum and cerebral cortex correlates with the variable symptom profiles that characterize HD. These overall results suggest that despite the single-gene etiology of HD, there are multiple pathways of degeneration in the forebrain in HD that reflect the symptom diversity.
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35

Kuiken, Todd A., Aimee E. Schultz Feuser, and Ann K. Barlow. Targeted Muscle Reinnervation: A Neural Interface for Artificial Limbs. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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36

Nageshwaran, Sathiji, Heather C. Wilson, Anthony Dickenson, and David Ledingham. Parkinson’s disease and parkinsonism. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199664368.003.0009.

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This chapter discusses the evidence-based pharmacological management of motor and non-motor (autonomic disease, dementia, psychosis, depression, and sleep disorder) Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Parkinson’s plus syndromes (progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), multiple system atrophy (MSA), and corticobasal degeneration (CBD)). Drugs to use with caution in parkinsonism are highlighted. Clinical features and evidence-based management of impulse control disorders (ICDs), serotonin syndrome, dopamine agonist withdrawal syndrome (DAWS), and neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)/Parkinson’s hyperpyrexia syndrome (PHS) are also reviewed.
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37

Seidel, Ilana, and Justin Sevier. Skin, Vision, and Hearing. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190466268.003.0024.

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Over time, organs may lose their ability to adapt to the oxidative stressors from internal and external environments. Exercise and other lifestyle factors may slow the effects of aging. This chapter focuses on changes in three organ systems: skin, vision, and hearing. Alternative recommendations are given for preventing or delaying age-related skin conditions, eye diseases, and hearing loss. Topics covered are melanoma, skin cancer, sun exposure, xerosis, pressure ulcers, cataracts, macular degeneration, glaucoma, and presbycusis. Mock case studies are provided to further explain risk factors.
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38

Kapural, Leonardo, Harish Badhey, and Suneil Jolly. Lumbar Facet Arthropathy. Edited by Mehul J. Desai. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199350940.003.0014.

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Lumbar facet dysfunction is a common cause of low back pain. This syndrome appears to involve anatomic and pathophysiologic degeneration, and the elderly are more commonly affected. This chapter examines the incidence of low back pain related to facet dysfunction. It describes the anatomic and pathophysiologic basis of pain mediated by the lumbar facet. It discusses the anatomic basis for the treatment of lumbar facet pain, with an emphasis on therapies that have a robust evidence base.
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39

Rosenthal, Brett D., Marco Mendoza, Barrett S. Boody, and Wellington K. Hsu. Approaches and Relative Benefits of Open Versus Minimally Invasive Surgery for Degenerative Conditions. Edited by Mehul J. Desai. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199350940.003.0022.

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Minimally invasive techniques aim to improve upon traditional open surgeries by limiting the morbidity of the surgical approach. In doing so, soft tissue collateral injury is minimized, the midline is relatively spared, and the amount of osseous resection is reduced. Both open and minimal-access procedures are options for decompressing neural tissue, correcting spinal column malalignment, or stabilizing vertebral motion segments. Minimally invasive techniques reduce the necessary soft tissue retraction and surgical dissection with the goal of reducing postoperative pain and expediting recovery. However, the limited access afforded by these approaches can be challenging for complex and revision procedures, and the surgeon must be familiar with the specialized instrumentation and novel technologies. The decision to use minimally invasive techniques is multifactorial and is largely dependent on patient, surgeon, and hospital factors.
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40

Albin, Roger L., and Henry L. Paulson. Huntington Disease. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0007.

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A member of the expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) repeat family of neurodegenerative disorders, Huntington disease (HD) is a rare, autosomal, dominantly inherited neuropsychiatric disorder. Characterized by midlife onset, HD exhibits progressive motor, behavioral, and cognitive changes. There is no effective treatment and death usually ensues 15 to 20 years after diagnosis. The expanded polyglutamine repeat causes multiple cellular dysfunctions to induce neurodegeneration. Many brain regions are affected in HD though striatal degeneration is particularly prominent. Widespread availability of specific genetic testing facilitates diagnosis. Management is largely supportive care.
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41

Goodfellow, John A., Amy I. Davidson, and Hugh J. Willison. Demyelinating Neuropathies. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0123.

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Many neuropathies have in common the basic pathophysiological mechanism of demyelination. Our understanding of the normal process of myelination and the molecular structure of myelin, nodes of Ranvier, and internodes has increased in recent years, yielding a greater understanding of the process of demyelination in disease. This chapter focuses on the inherited neuropathies as examples of non-inflammatory demyelinating neuropathies. For these conditions there are ongoing genotype-phenotype correlations and a greater appreciation of the importance of distal axonal degeneration as a consequence of demyelination.
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42

Jolly, Elaine, Andrew Fry, and Afzal Chaudhry, eds. Gastroenterology and hepatology. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199230457.003.0009.

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Chapter 9 covers the basic science and clinical topics relating to gastroenterology and hepatology which trainees are required to learn as part of their basic training and demonstrate in the MRCP. It covers basic science, gastrointestinal investigation, malabsorption and malnutrition, inflammatory bowel disease, acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage, lower gastrointestinal bleeding and related disorders, gastrointestinal infections, gastrointestinal cancer, miscellaneous gastrointestinal problems, normal liver and biliary function, variceal disease, hepatic tumours, acute (fulminant) liver failure, haemochromatosis, Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration), Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, alcohol-induced liver disease, hepatitis, biliary diseases, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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43

Patil, Bheema, and Pankaj Puri. Medical retina. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199237593.003.0004.

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The chapter begins by discussing key clinical skills, namely fundus fluorescein angiography, abnormal fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, and electrophysiology. The following areas of clinical knowledge are then discussed: diabetic retinopathy, hypertensive retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion, retinal artery occlusions, age-related macular degeneration, intravitreal anti-VEGF injections, central serous chorioretinopathy, retinal vascular anomalies, retinal dystrophies, and choroidal dystrophies. The chapter concludes with eight case-based discussions, on gradual visual loss, central visual loss, visual loss in a hypertensive patient, sudden, painless visual loss, diabetic retinopathy, difficult night vision, visual loss in child, and macular lesion.
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44

Murray, E. Lee, and Veda V. Vedanarayanan. Neuromuscular Disorders. Edited by Karl E. Misulis and E. Lee Murray. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190259419.003.0021.

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The hospital neurologist may encounter neuromuscular disorders as known chronic conditions that are exacerbated by a hospital stay, be the principal reason for admission, or develop during a prolonged hospitalization. This chapter details the presentation, diagnosis, and management of conditions affecting the peripheral nerves and neuromuscular junction, such as myasthenia gravis, Lambert-Eaton (myasthenic) syndrome, botulism, and tick paralysis; as well as muscular weakness from various causes such as rhabdomyolysis, critical illness neuromyopathy, inflammatory myopathies, muscular dystrophies, periodic paralysis, and metabolic and endocrine myopathies. Also discussed are motoneuron degeneration, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and progressive muscle atrophy, and neuromuscular respiratory failure.
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45

Slack, Jonathan. Stem Cells: A Very Short Introduction. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198869290.001.0001.

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Stem Cells: A Very Short Introduction explains what stem cells are, why they are important, what scientists do with them, and how they might be used in the future. It tackles recent scientific and clinical developments surrounding stem cells, exploring their enormous therapeutic potential to treat diseases, such as macular degeneration, diabetes, and Parkinson’s disease. It also provides cautions against false claims from some clinics offering treatments and draws out lessons for the development of new stem therapies in the future. The VSI deals with the science and medicine of stem cells rather than with ethics, law, or politics.
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46

Michel, Jean-Baptiste. Biology of vascular wall dilation and rupture. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755777.003.0016.

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Arterial pathologies, important causes of death and morbidity in humans, are closely related to modifications in the circulatory system during evolution. With increasing intraluminal pressure and arterial bifurcation density, the arterial wall becomes the target of interactions with blood components and outward convection of plasma solutes and particles, including plasma zymogens and leukocyte proteases. Abdominal aortic aneurysms of atherothrombotic origin are characterized by the presence of an intraluminal thrombus (ILT), a major source of proteases, including plasmin, MMP-9, and elastase. Saccular cerebral aneurysms are characterized by the interaction of haemodynamics and arterial bifurcation defects, of either genetic or congenital origin. They also develop an intrasaccular thrombus, implicated in rupture. Aneurysms of the ascending aorta (TAAs) are not linked to atherothrombotic disease, and do not develop an ILT. The most common denominator of TAAs, whatever their aetiology, is the presence of areas of mucoid degeneration, and increased convection and vSMC-dependent activation of plasma zymogens within the wall, causing extracellular matrix proteolysis. TAA development is also associated with an epigenetic phenomenon of SMAD2 overexpression and nuclear translocation, potentially linked to chronic changes in mechanotransduction. Aortic dissections share common aetiologies and pathology (areas of mucoid degeneration) with TAAs, but differ by the absence of any compensatory epigenetic response. There are main experimental animal models of aneurysms, all characterized by the cessation of aneurysmal progression after interruption of the exogenous stimuli used to induce it. These new pathophysiological approaches to aneurysms in humans pave the way for new diagnostic and therapeutic tools.
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47

Shaibani, Aziz. Hyperreflexia. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190661304.003.0018.

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Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes (DTRs) is a sign of upper motor neuron (UMN) lesions. It is also commonly seen in normal but anxious people. The proper technique of deep tendon reflex examination and experience play a major role in eliciting and categorizing DTRs. Sustained clonus is the highest degree of hyperreflexia. The most important neuromuscular disease associated with hyperreflexia is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) due to degeneration of the cortical motor neurons. Diagnostic difficulty occurs when hyperreflexia and spasticity are the only findings. In these cases, primary lateral sclerosis (PLS), hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), and other causes of myelopathies should be entertained. Compressive myelopathies are easily excludable by neuroimaging.
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48

An, Howard. Cervical spine disorders. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199550647.003.003001.

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♦ Degenerative cervical spine disorders may manifest clinically with axial neck pain, radiculopathy, myelopathy, or a combination of these clinical symptoms♦ The findings on radiographs and MRI are pertinent if they correlate with the clinical symptoms♦ The initial treatment for patients with degenerative cervical spine disorders is conservative, including non-narcotic analgesics, anti-inflammatory medications, exercise program, physiotherapy, and occasional injections♦ Surgical indications include significant radicular pain despite conservative treatment, profound neurologic deficits, and presence of significant myelopathy♦ Surgical treatment for cervical radiculopathy includes lamino-foraminotomy, anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), and artificial disk replacement, and surgical treatment for myelopathy includes anterior discectomy and/or corpectomy with fusion, posterior laminoplasty, and posterior laminectomy and fusion. The surgeon should be familiar with the specific indications as well as advantages and disadvantages of each procedure.
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49

Greens Are Good for You!: How Green Power Protects You Against Heart Disease, Cancer, Diabetes, Macular Degeneration, Poor Night Vision, Senile Dementia, Liver Disease, fatigue (Basic Health Guides). Basic Health Publications, 2002.

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50

Souzdalnitski, Dmitri, Pavan Tankha, and Imanuel R. Lerman. Lumbar Epidural Injections: Fluoroscopy. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199908004.003.0021.

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Lumbar epidural injection is most often performed for patients experiencing low back pain with radicular symptoms. The radicular symptoms can be precipitated by disc herniation or foraminal stenosis. In addition, spinal stenosis with associated neurogenic claudication is another common indication for this injection. These procedures may be effective in treatment of other syndromes that are associated with radiculopathic low back pain, including intervertebral disc degeneration without disc herniation, central spinal stenosis, spondylothesis, and failed lumbar back surgery syndrome. Lumbar epidural steroid injection (LESI) is the most commonly performed intervention. Fluoroscopically guided lumbar epidural injections led to a lower rate of complications than that reported for all lumbar epidural injections.
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