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Huang, Jack Jia-Sheng, C. K. Wang, and Yu-Heng Jan. "Three Cases of Gradual Degradation Mode Analysis of Semiconductor Laser Diodes." Modern Applied Science 15, no. 6 (2021): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v15n6p27.
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Semiconductor laser diodes are important components for various applications such as 5G wireless, datacenter, passive optical network, and aerospace applications. High reliability has emerged to be the universal requirement for all optical applications. To achieve high reliability, fundamental understanding of the laser degradation behavior is crucial. In this paper, we study three cases of gradual degradataion modes of laser diodes including (1) Pattern-A that is associated with threshold current change only, (2) Pattern-B that involve both threshold current and power changes, and (3) Pattern-C that is associated with merely power change. We have instituted reliability equations for the degradation processes. The new reliability models could provide estimation on the laser end-of-life based on the degradation rate and device performance specification.
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Sedighkia, Mahdi, and Bithin Datta. "Improving Environmental Water Supply in Wetlands through Optimal Cropping Patterns." Agriculture 13, no. 10 (2023): 1942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13101942.
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This study improves the environmental water supply in a wetland using a novel framework in which the environmental impacts due to irrigation supply and the economic losses for agriculture are minimized through the proposal of an optimal cropping pattern that changes the total cropping area and cultivated area of each crop. The ecological degradation functions for rivers and wetlands were developed using a fuzzy approach and data-driven model. The net farming revenue was considered as the economic index to maximize benefits. The root mean square error (RMSE) and the Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (NSE) were applied to evaluate ecological models. According to the results, the optimal cropping pattern simultaneously minimizes environmental impacts due to irrigation supply and maximizes farmers’ benefits. The optimal cropping pattern provides more than 50% of the ideal net revenue on the catchment scale, which means that ecological degradations due to reductions in inflow in rivers and wetlands, as well as farmers’ revenue losses, are minimized simultaneously. Furthermore, the results indicate that cropping patterns should be dynamic, which means that changing the cropping pattern annually based on the available water is essential to mitigating ecological impacts. This study demonstrates that the linking of cropping pattern optimization and environmental flow simulation in freshwater bodies should be considered in land-use policies due to the impact of cropping patterns on environmental degradation in wetland catchments.
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Watanabe, Keiji, Yasir Arafat Hutapea, and Akari Hayashi. "Mitigation of Performance Degradation of PEM Water Electrolyzers by Power Distribution Control of Fluctuating Renewable Energy." ECS Transactions 113, no. 9 (2024): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/11309.0017ecst.
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Durability of a PEM electrolysis cell against voltage fluctuation prepared from actual wind power data was analyzed. Two fluctuation patterns were prepared; the pattern A prepared by scaling the wind power data and the pattern B prepared by applying the power distribution control (PDC), that is, converting the pattern A into an alternative sequence of a high-operating rate pattern and a low-operating rate pattern. During 240-h durability tests, the current density continuously decreased for the pattern A, while no distinguishable decrease was observed for the pattern B except the initial 30 h. It was found that the performance degradation is mostly reversible and attributed to increase in the diffusion overpotential consistently with the previous studies. Our results suggest that the PDC suppresses reversible degradation by avoiding gas stagnation at the anode surface, which is important for mitigating irreversible degradation during long-term operation.
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Na, Junhong, Junghwan Huh, Sung Chan Park, et al. "Degradation pattern of SnO2nanowire field effect transistors." Nanotechnology 21, no. 48 (2010): 485201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/21/48/485201.
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Muhammad, Isyaku, Mustapha Muhammad, Baohua Wang, Wang Chen, Badamasi Abba, and Mustapha Mukhtar Usman. "Reliability Analysis for Degradation-Shock Processes with State-Varying Degradation Patterns Using Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) for Parameter Estimation." Symmetry 16, no. 10 (2024): 1364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym16101364.
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The degradation of products is an integral part of their life-cycle, often following predictable trajectories. However, sudden, unexpected events, termed ’shocks’, can substantially alter these degradation paths. Shocks can significantly influence the pace of degradation, leading to accelerated system failure. Moreover, they may initiate changes in degradation patterns, transitioning from linear to non-linear or random trajectories. To address this challenge, we present a novel multi-state reliability model for competing failure processes that account for degradation-shock dependencies by considering the state-varying degradation pattern. The degradation process is divided into s-states, with each state treated according to its pattern based on the time-transform Wiener process. The reliability function is derived based on soft failure caused by continuous degradation involving the s-states, the sudden increase in degradation caused by random shocks, and hard failure due to some shock processes. Additionally, we performed a sensitivity analysis to determine which parameters have the most significant impact on product reliability. Due to the complexity of the likelihood function, we adopted the ABC method to estimate the model parameters. A simulation study and a practical application with micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) degradation results are used to demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed approach.
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Kim, Dong-Rak, Jin-Wook Kang, Tae-Ho Eom, Jun-Mo Kim, Jeong Lee, and Chung-Yuen Won. "An Adaptive Rapid Charging Method for Lithium-Ion Batteries with Compensating Cell Degradation Behavior." Applied Sciences 8, no. 8 (2018): 1251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8081251.
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Recent developments in high-density lithium-ion battery technologies have greatly expanded the electric vehicle (EV) market. Due to the fact that the rapid charging of an EV battery pack while maintaining a suitable cell cycle life is necessary for further growth of the EV market, we herein propose an innovative adaptive rapid charging pattern that minimizes cell degradation and reflects the degradation characteristics. This technology is advantageous in that cells can be developed by analyzing the charging characteristics in the latter stages of cell development of the rapid charging pattern, while also considering the complexity and heterogeneity of the manufacturing process. Furthermore, the battery charging pattern is optimized and controlled in real-time by reflecting the characteristics of the battery module and pack degradation as the cycle number is increased. More specifically, we present a preliminary study that simplifies the implementation of the new optimization pattern to improve the cell cycle life by over 45% in comparison to conventional fast charging patterns, and to address the drop in capacity in the latter half of cell life during rapid charging.
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Höglund, Anders, Minna Hakkarainen, Ulrica Edlund, and Ann-Christine Albertsson. "Surface Modification Changes the Degradation Process and Degradation Product Pattern of Polylactide." Langmuir 26, no. 1 (2010): 378–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la902166j.
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Lee, Haegeun, and Moon Gi Kang. "Infrared Image Deconvolution Considering Fixed Pattern Noise." Sensors 23, no. 6 (2023): 3033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23063033.
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As the demand for thermal information increases in industrial fields, numerous studies have focused on enhancing the quality of infrared images. Previous studies have attempted to independently overcome one of the two main degradations of infrared images, fixed pattern noise (FPN) and blurring artifacts, neglecting the other problems, to reduce the complexity of the problems. However, this is infeasible for real-world infrared images, where two degradations coexist and influence each other. Herein, we propose an infrared image deconvolution algorithm that jointly considers FPN and blurring artifacts in a single framework. First, an infrared linear degradation model that incorporates a series of degradations of the thermal information acquisition system is derived. Subsequently, based on the investigation of the visual characteristics of the column FPN, a strategy to precisely estimate FPN components is developed, even in the presence of random noise. Finally, a non-blind image deconvolution scheme is proposed by analyzing the distinctive gradient statistics of infrared images compared with those of visible-band images. The superiority of the proposed algorithm is experimentally verified by removing both artifacts. Based on the results, the derived infrared image deconvolution framework successfully reflects a real infrared imaging system.
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Watanabe, Keiji, Yasir Arafat Hutapea, and Akari Hayashi. "Mitigation of Performance Degradation of PEM Water Electrolyzers by Power Distribution Control of Fluctuating Renewable Energy." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 34 (2024): 1764. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-01341764mtgabs.
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Introduction Hydrogen production by water electrolysis using renewable energy such as wind and solar power generation (i.e., green hydrogen production) has attracted considerable attention as a key technology towards decarbonization. Proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolyzers are often used in combination with renewable energy source since they show fast response to input power fluctuation. However, lifetime of PEM electrolyzer needs to be improved for reducing hydrogen production cost. Recently we reported a durability analysis of PEM electrolyzers under wind power voltage fluctuations, where the reversible and irreversible voltage losses were analyzed in terms of gas bubble transport and catalyst degradation [1]. We also developed a novel control strategy called the power distribution control (PDC) that controls the power converters so that the input fluctuating power is decomposed to several fluctuating patterns that less degrade the electrolyzers than the input pattern [2]. The purpose of this study is to validate the effect of the PDC on mitigation of performance degradation of PEM electrolyzers under wind power fluctuations. Experimental method A membrane electrode assembly (MEA) with an active area of 1 cm2 was prepared using Nafion 117 membrane, IrO2 anode catalyst and Pt/KB cathode catalyst. The catalyst loading for anode and cathode was 0.5 mg IrO2/cm2 and 0.3 mg Pt/cm2, respectively. A PEM water electrolysis cell was prepared by assembling the MEA into a cell holder. The cell temperature was kept at 80°C during the durability test. Figure 1a) and 1b) show a schematic system diagram for performing the PDC and the two voltage fluctuation patterns (A and B) used for the durability test, respectively. As in our previous study [1], actual 24-h voltage fluctuation of wind power turbine was used as the primary data. The pattern A was prepared from the primary data by (i) scaling down the maximum voltage by 1/100 and setting the minimum voltage higher than the standard potential of water electrolysis and (ii) accelerating the time scale by 5 times. The pattern B was prepared by applying the PDC, that is, converting the pattern A into an alternative sequence of a high-operating rate pattern and a low-operating rate pattern as described in Ref. [2]. Here we set the average voltage of the high-operating rate pattern (~2.4 V) and the low-operating rate pattern (~1.7 V) as the same value with the voltage of the pattern A (~2.05 V) for each time, ensuring that we model the situation in which the input fluctuating power is distributed between two series of electrolyzers as shown in Fig. 1a). We performed 240-h durability tests and analyzed performance degradation of the PEM cell for the pattern A and B, respectively. Results and Discussion Figure 2 summarizes the performance degradation of the PEM cell during the 240-h durability test. The cell current density at the cell voltage of 2.1 V showed a steep decrease during the initial ~30 h for both pattern A and B. For 30 – 240 h, the current density continuously decreased for the pattern A (−0.68 mAcm-2/h), while no distinguishable decrease was observed for the pattern B (+0.06 mAcm-2/h). Therefore we successfully demonstrated that performance degradation of the PEM electrolyzers can be effectively suppressed by the PDC when using actual wind power voltage fluctuation as the input power. To further investigate the performance degradation behavior, the increase in overpotential components of the PEM cell was analyzed. Figure 2b) shows the comparison of overpotential components before and after the 240-h test. For the pattern A, the diffusion overpotential (E diff) showed a significant increase after the test for the current density higher than 1.0 mAcm-2. In contrast, for the pattern B, increase in E diff was suppressed and confirmed only for > 1.4 Acm-2. Increase in the activation overpotential (E act) was small compared to increase in E diff for both pattern A and B. Furthermore, we confirmed that the performance degradation confirmed in this study was reversible, that is, the current density was almost recovered within 24-h rest time after the test. These results are consistent with our previous study [1] in that the reversible degradation is related to gas bubble transport, that is, the increase in E diff. Therefore it was shown that the PDC suppresses reversible degradation, which is important for mitigating irreversible degradation during long-term operation. Our results demonstrate that PDC is a promising technique for improving lifetime of PEM electrolyzers operating under fluctuating renewable energy. References [1] Y. Honsho et al., J. Power Sources 564, 232826 (2023). [2] K. Watanabe et al., 2022 MRS Fall Meeting & Exhibits, EN07.11.08 (2022). Figure 1
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Szalay, L., M. Ordidge, G. Ficzek, P. Hadley, M. Tóth, and N. H. Battey. "Grouping of 24 apple cultivars on the basis of starch degradation rate and their fruit pattern." Horticultural Science 40, No. 3 (2013): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/143/2012-hortsci.
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The ripening processes of 24 apple cultivars were examined in the United Kingdom NationalFruit Collection in 2010. Basically the starch content, and additionally ground colour, water-soluble solids content and flesh firmness were studied during ripening. The degradation of the starch content was evaluated using a 0–10 scale. A starch degradation value of 50% was taken to be the optimum harvest date, with harvest beginning at a value of 40% and finishing at 60%. Depending on the cultivar, this represented a harvest window of 9 to 21 days. Later ripening cultivars matured more slowly, leading to a longer harvesting period, with the exception of cv. Feuillemorte. Pronounced differences were observed among the cultivars on the basis of the starch degradation pattern, allowing them to be divided into four groups. Separate charts were elaborated for each group that are recommended for use in practice.    
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Cheng, Feiran, Ji Li, Chaoying Hu, et al. "Study on the Characterization and Degradation Pattern of Circular RNA Vaccines Using an HPLC Method." Chemosensors 12, no. 7 (2024): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12070120.
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Circular RNA (circRNA) vaccines have attracted increasing attention due to their stable closed-loop structures and persistent protein expression ability. During the synthesis process, nicked circRNAs with similar molecular weights to those of circRNAs are generated. Analytical techniques based on differences in molecular weight, such as capillary electrophoresis, struggle to distinguish between circRNAs and nicked circRNAs. The characteristic degradation products of circRNAs and their biological activities remain unclear. Therefore, developing methods to identify target circRNAs and non-target components and investigating degradation patterns will be beneficial to gaining an in-depth understanding of the properties and quality control of circRNAs vaccines. The reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) method was established for identification of target circRNAs, product-related substances, and impurities. Subsequently, we investigated the degradation patterns of circRNAs under thermal acceleration conditions and performed biological analysis of degradation products and linear precursors. Here, RP-HPLC method effectively identified circRNAs and nicked circRNAs. With thermal acceleration, circRNAs exhibited a “circular→nicked circRNAs→degradation products” degradation pattern. Biological analysis revealed that the immunogenicity of degradation products significantly decreased, whereas linear precursors did not possess immunogenicity. Thus, our established RP-HPLC method can be used for purity analysis of circRNA vaccines, which contributes to the quality control of circRNA vaccines and promoting the development of circRNA technology.
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Wang, Bing, Wang Wei, Xiong Hu, and Dejian Sun. "A degradation phase division technique based on Gath–Geva fuzzy clustering." Journal of Vibration and Control 26, no. 15-16 (2020): 1147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546319895110.
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In allusion to the issue of degradation feature extraction and degradation phase division, a logistic chaotic map is used to study the variation pattern of spectral entropy, and a technique based on Gath–Geva fuzzy clustering is proposed. The degradation features include spectral entropy, root mean square, and “curved time,” which are more in line with the performance degradation process than degradation time. Gath–Geva fuzzy clustering is introduced to divide different phases in the degradation process. The rolling bearing lifetime vibration signal from the intelligent maintenance systems (IMS) bearing test center was introduced for instance analysis. The results show that spectral entropy is able to effectively describe the complexity variation pattern in the performance degradation process and has some advantages in sensitivity and calculation speed. The introduced “curved time” is able to reflect the agglomeration character of the degradation condition on a time scale, which is more in line with the performance degradation pattern of mechanical equipment. Gath–Geva fuzzy clustering is able to divide the degradation phase of mechanical equipment such as bearings accurately.
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Hansen, Landon T., Brian E. Jackson, David T. Fullwood, et al. "Influence of Noise-Generating Factors on Cross-Correlation Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) Measurement of Geometrically Necessary Dislocations (GNDs)." Microscopy and Microanalysis 23, no. 3 (2017): 460–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927617000204.
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AbstractStudies of dislocation density evolution are fundamental to improved understanding in various areas of deformation mechanics. Recent advances in cross-correlation techniques, applied to electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) data have particularly shed light on geometrically necessary dislocation (GND) behavior. However, the framework is relatively computationally expensive—patterns are typically saved from the EBSD scan and analyzed offline. A better understanding of the impact of EBSD pattern degradation, such as binning, compression, and various forms of noise, is vital to enable optimization of rapid and low-cost GND analysis. This paper tackles the problem by setting up a set of simulated patterns that mimic real patterns corresponding to a known GND field. The patterns are subsequently degraded in terms of resolution and noise, and the GND densities calculated from the degraded patterns using cross-correlation ESBD are compared with the known values. Some confirmation of validity of the computational degradation of patterns by considering real pattern degradation is also undertaken. The results demonstrate that the EBSD technique is not particularly sensitive to lower levels of binning and image compression, but the precision is sensitive to Poisson-type noise. Some insight is also gained concerning effects of mixed patterns at a grain boundary on measured GND content.
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Hachinski, Vladimir C., Mortimer Mamelak, and John W. Norris. "Clinical Recovery and Sleep Architecture Degradation." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 17, no. 3 (1990): 332–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100030699.
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ABSTRACT:We achieved a unique and timely recording of cerebral activity in a 70 year old woman immediately pre- and post-stroke, while studying the effect of acute cerebral infarction on sleep-electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns. Normal patterns, except for increased wakefulness, were recorded during two pre-infarct polysomnograms. Immediately following cerebral infarction increased delta activity was recorded from the infarcted hemisphere only. Initially, REM sleep could not be recorded from either side; however, on the third post infarct day REM sleep returned. Background EEG levels from both hemispheres became progressively slower, flatter and simpler. In addition, sleep spindles and the distinctive saw-tooth wave forms of sleep almost disappeared. At one year post-stroke sleep-EEG rhythm recordings from both hemispheres became more similar except for persisting delta activity from the left hemisphere. Unexpected deterioration of sleep-EEG pattern recordings from the undamaged hemisphere taken during the patient's clinical recovery remains unexplained. Serial sleep recording may facilitate the study of brain recovery, activity and reorganization following stroke.
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K., De Utpal. "Forest Dependence and its Degradation in Meghalaya: The Potential Reasons." Journal of Development Policy Review 1, no. 4 (2020): 16–43. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5558159.
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Interlinkages among population, poverty and deforestation are crucial for examination amid growing population, incidence of poverty and degradation of forests. Several studies have identified the primary reasons for the loss of forest cover as population growth, commercial logging and the spread of cattle ranches. This paper tries to unfold the nature of dependence on forest, and factors causing its degradation in Meghalaya in an interlinking fashion drawn through correlation, regression and intersectoral flow analysis. The analysis reveals that family size, incidence of poverty, cultivation practice, remoteness of the area and consumption or livelihood pattern have important impact on the extraction of forest resources. Education helps in conservation and sustainable use of the forest resources. Broadly, there is important inter-linkage between population growth, incidence of poverty and degradation of forest in the region. The emerging policy implication is that the best way to preserve forest is to control population growth, reduce poverty, improve economy through education and technological development, and follow a judicious land use pattern so as to maintain the forest resource and its productivity, which in turn provide sustainable livelihood
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Vallecillo, Cristina, Manuel Toledano-Osorio, Marta Vallecillo-Rivas, Manuel Toledano, and Raquel Osorio. "In Vitro Biodegradation Pattern of Collagen Matrices for Soft Tissue Augmentation." Polymers 13, no. 16 (2021): 2633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13162633.
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Collagen matrices have become a great alternative to the use of connective tissue grafts for soft tissue augmentation procedures. One of the main problems with these matrices is their volume instability and rapid degradation. This study has been designed with the objective of examining the degradation of three matrices over time. For this purpose, pieces of 10 × 10 mm2 of Fibro-Gide, Mucograft and Mucoderm were submitted to three different degradation tests—(1) hydrolytic degradation in phosphate buffer solution (PBS); (2) enzyme resistance, using a 0.25% porcine trypsin solution; and (3) bacterial collagenase resistance (Clostridium histolyticum)—over different immersion periods of up to 50 days. Weight measurements were performed with an analytic microbalance. Thickness was measured with a digital caliper. A stereomicroscope was used to obtain the matrices’ images. ANOVA and Student–Newman–Keuls tests were used for mean comparisons (p < 0.05), except when analyzing differences between time-points within the same matrix and solution, where pair-wise comparisons were applied (p < 0.001). Fibro-Gide attained the highest resistance to all degradation challenges. The bacterial collagenase solution was shown to constitute the most aggressive test as all matrices presented 100% degradation before 14 days of storage.
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Gao, Hongbo, Jie Liu, and Yungong Li. "A new approach for performance degradation feature extraction based on generalized pattern spectrum entropy." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 231, no. 10 (2015): 1932–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406215625531.
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Performance degradation feature extraction is the basis of degradation condition recognition and remaining service life prediction. In this paper, morphological corrosion operator is introduced into mathematical morphological particle analysis (abbreviated as MMP), proposing a new analytical method named generalized mathematical morphological particle analysis (abbreviated as GMMP). On this basis, a new approach for degradation feature extraction based on generalized pattern spectrum entropy (abbreviated as GPSE) is proposed taking GMMP and information entropy as the theoretical foundation. In this approach, GPSE is calculated as degradation feature parameter in describing performance degradation degree of machinery equipment. Simulation analysis is processed, and the result shows that the value of GPSE will increase correspondingly along with the deepening of the degradation degree and the relevance between GPSE and degradation degree is stable. The effectiveness and practicality of the approach is tested through rolling bearing whole lifetime vibrating data. Rolling bearing fatigue life enhancement testing was carried out in Hangzhou Bearing Test & Research Center, getting the whole lifetime data which is able to cover each degradation condition from normal to invalidation. The approach is applied into analysis of rolling bearing data and the results verify its validity and feasibility.
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Suksma, Nadhea Ayu, Esti Utarti, and Sattya Arimurti. "Growth Pattern and Degradation Activity of Caffeine-degrading Bacteria Consortium." Jurnal ILMU DASAR 25, no. 1 (2024): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jid.v25i1.32609.
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Caffeine-degrading bacteria can be used as agents to degrade caffeine, thereby reducing the concentration of caffeine in organic waste. The decomposition process is carried out by a single bacterium or a consortium of bacteria. Caffeine-degrading bacteria from Sempol, Bondowoso, namely Acinetobacter gerneri KAFS 47, Paracoccus denitrificans KAFS 16 and Pseudomonas plecoglossicida KAFS 34, could be used as a bacterial consortium to promote caffeine degradation. The aim of this study was to analyze associations between caffeine-degrading bacteria isolates, bacterial resistance to antibiotics, growth patterns, and caffeine degradation of a consortium of caffeine-degrading bacteria, and the correlation of bacterial growth with caffeine degradation. The research method used is an analysis of the association between isolates, the development of bacterial consortium growth patterns, and their analysis based on antibiotic resistance, patterning of caffeine degradation, and correlation test (Pearson) of bacterial growth with caffeine degradation. The result of the association test between bacteria showed that the three bacteria had the potential to be used as a consortium of caffeine-degrading bacteria. A. Gerneri, P. denitrificans, and P. plecoglossicida were resistant to the antibiotic cefixime (100 ppm), erythromycin (50 ppm), lincomycin (50 ppm), metronidazole (50 ppm), and sanprima (50 ppm). The growth of the bacterial consortium (54.779 CFU/mL) was higher than that of P. plecoglossicida (49.277 CFU/mL) and lower than that of A. gerneri (93.481 CFU/mL) and P. denitrificans (84.940 CFU/mL) in incubation time of 4 days. However, the consortium of bacteria and P. plecoglossicida were able to degrade caffeine 24 hours faster (3 days) than the other two single isolates (4 days) to degrade 2.5 g/L caffeine in media to 0%. Bacterial growth due to caffeine degradation has a perfect correlation value (>0. 950) and is negative.
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Feng, Shanshan, Ting Chen, Yunlong Zhang, and Changrui Lu. "mRNA Fragmentation Pattern Detected by SHAPE." Current Issues in Molecular Biology 46, no. 9 (2024): 10249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cimb46090610.
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The success of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines in controlling COVID-19 has warranted further developments in new technology. Currently, their quality control process largely relies on low-resolution electrophoresis for detecting chain breaks. Here, we present an approach using multi-primer reverse transcription sequencing (MPRT-seq) to identify degradation fragments in mRNA products. Using this in-house-made mRNA containing two antigens and untranslated regions (UTRs), we analyzed the mRNA completeness and degradation pattern at a nucleotide resolution. We then analyzed the sensitive base sequence and its correlation with the secondary structure. Our MPRT-seq mapping shows that certain sequences on the 5′ of bulge–stem–loop structures can result in preferential chain breaks. Our results agree with commonly used capillary electrophoresis (CE) integrity analysis but at a much higher resolution, and can improve mRNA stability by providing information to remove sensitive structures or sequences in the mRNA sequence design.
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Sarma, Jnanendra, T. Temsu Imti, and Sangyu Yaden. "Domestic Firewood Consumption Pattern and Degradation of Forest Cover: A Case Study of Mokokchung Town, Nagaland." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 8, no. 9 (2019): 451–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/art20201096.
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Kumar Mohapatra, Pradipta, and Ulrich Schiewer. "Dimethoate and quinalphos toxicity: Pattern of photosynthetic pigment degradation and recovery in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803." Algological Studies/Archiv für Hydrobiologie, Supplement Volumes 99 (September 1, 2000): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/algol_stud/99/2000/79.
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Watabiki, S., S. Ishizaki, T. Saigusa, E. Iwai, and K. Hasegawa. "Circadian pattern of synthesis and degradation of cyclic nucleotides." Seibutsu Butsuri 40, supplement (2000): S101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophys.40.s101_1.
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De Leyn, P., W. Flameng, and T. Lerut. "Pattern of AMP Degradation in Ischemic Rabbit Lung Tissue." Journal of Investigative Surgery 8, no. 1 (1995): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08941939509015387.
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Shimba, Minoru, Kazuhiro Sato, Hiroo Koike, and Takashi Sato. "Degradation of antenna pattern by snow accretion on radome." Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part I: Communications) 71, no. 12 (1988): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecja.4410711212.
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Yang, Ning, Qiwei Zhong, Ying Zhou, Subhas C. Kundu, Juming Yao, and Yurong Cai. "Controlled degradation pattern of hydroxyapatite/calcium carbonate composite microspheres." Microscopy Research and Technique 79, no. 6 (2016): 518–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.22661.
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Wu, Jinjian, Man Zhang, Leida Li, Weisheng Dong, Guangming Shi, and Weisi Lin. "No-reference image quality assessment with visual pattern degradation." Information Sciences 504 (December 2019): 487–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2019.07.061.
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Smith, D. K., S. Q. Hoyle, and G. G. Johnson. "The Effect of Various Pattern Aberrations on Figures of Merit Used With Whole Pattern Recognition Techniques." Advances in X-ray Analysis 37 (1993): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800015524.
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AbstractThe affect of several aberrations on the figures of merit, FOM, used in the identification analysis of diffraction patterns has been examined by generating simulated diffraction traces with mathematically induced errors. Patterns of mixtures with random 20 shifts, intensity variations, and profile broadening were generated for analysis by MATCHDB, and the behavior of three FOMs during the search step was followed. The results have shown that the angle errors are the most serious in degrading the potential for identification of the phases in the mixtures. Intensity errors cause some degradation on the results. Broadening has little affect when using whole-pattern matching methods.
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Höhl, Birgit, Martin Arnemann, Ludger Schwenen, et al. "Degradation of the Pterocarpan Phytoalexin (—)-Maackiain by Ascochyta rabiei." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 44, no. 9-10 (1989): 771–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1989-9-1012.
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Ten strains of Ascochyta rabiei pathogenic to chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) were shown to be potent degraders of the chickpea pterocarpan phytoalexin ( - )-maackiain (1) ([6aR: 11 aR]-3- hydroxy-8,9-methylenedioxypterocarpan). In degradative studies with mycelial preparations and crude protein extracts seven catabolites could be isolated and structurally elucidated by spectroscopic techniques. The main routes of maackiain degradation are reduction to a 2´-hydroxyisoflavan (2) and oxidation to an 1 a-hydroxy-pterocarp-1,4-diene-3-one (3) with subsequent reductions of the early catabolites in ring A. A catabolic sequence for maackiain is compared with the degradation pattern of pterocarpan phytoalexins observed with other fungi.
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Khan, Asim Ali, and Anthony Keith Brown. "Optimisation of Scanning Difference Pattern and Monopulse Feed." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3869085.
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Certain radar applications may require maintaining the difference pattern slope and twin beam shape, while main null is scanning in the presence of mutual coupling. It is also desirable in monopulse radar applications to be able to generate acceptable sum and difference patterns using single simplified feed structure. This paper focuses on these problems and provides a solution based on Intelligent z-Plane Boundary Condition-Particle Swarm Optimiser (IzBC-PSO) to compensate for the difference pattern degradation while scanning a small coupled array (N=8). In second case, a simplified feed is proposed that only requires phase flip for 50% of elements to produce sum and difference patterns for the monopulse array, consisting of isotropic elements.
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Jing, Weitao, Zhou Wang, Guowei Pang, et al. "Analysis of the Distribution Pattern and Driving Factors of Bald Patches in Black Soil Beach Degraded Grasslands in the Three-River-Source Region." Land 14, no. 5 (2025): 1050. https://doi.org/10.3390/land14051050.
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The degradation of ‘black soil beach’ (BSB) ecosystems in the Three-River-Source region, characterized by widespread bald patches and severe soil erosion, poses a critical threat to regional ecological security and sustainable pastoralism. This study aims to elucidate the spatial distribution patterns and driving factors of bald patches in BSB degraded grasslands within the Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, providing a scientific basis for targeted restoration strategies. Utilizing multi-source remote sensing data (Landsat 8–9 OLI, UAV imagery, and Google Earth), we employed the Multiple Endmember Spectral Mixture Analysis (MESMA) method to identify bald patches, combined with the landscape pattern index and spatial autocorrelation to quantify their spatial heterogeneity. Geographical detector analysis was applied to assess the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors. The results indicate the following: (1) The patches are bounded by the Yellow River, showing a distribution pattern of ‘high in the west and low in the east’. The total area of patches reached 32,222.11 km2, accounting for 43.43% of the total area of Guoluo Prefecture, among which Maduo County and Dari County had the highest degradation rate. (2) With the aggravation of degradation, the patch density of each county increased first and then decreased, while the aggregation index and landscape shape index continued to decrease. (3) Spatial autocorrelation of bare patches strengthens with degradation severity (Moran’s I index 0.6543→0.7999). LISA identified two clusters: the high–high agglomeration area in the north of Maduo–Dari and the low–low agglomeration area in the southeast of Jiuzhi–Banma, revealing the spatial heterogeneity of the degradation process. (4) The spatial distribution pattern of bare patches was mainly affected by the annual average precipitation and actual stocking capacity, and the synergistic effect was significantly higher than that of a single factor. The combination of a 4491–4708 m high altitude area, 0–5° gentle slope zone, and soil texture (clay 27–31%, silt 43–100%) has the highest degradation risk. This multi-factor coupling effect explains the limitations of traditional single factor analysis and provides a new perspective for accurate repair.
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Rajeshkumar Dhanapal, Vasudevan Alagumalai, Y. Justin Raj, Sundarakannan Rajendran, and Justin Sam George. "Enhancement of Mechanical and Wear Properties in 3D-printed PEEK Specimens using Eco-friendly Infill Patterns via Fused Filament Fabrication." Journal of Environmental Nanotechnology 13, no. 4 (2024): 332–40. https://doi.org/10.13074/jent.2024.12.2441105.
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The increasing use of 3D-printed PEEK materials in load-bearing applications necessitates a comprehensive evaluation of their wear characteristics and hardness under dynamic loading conditions. This study investigates the wear loss, coefficient of friction, and hardness values of PEEK materials with four distinct surface patterns: Line, Grid, Cubic, and Hexagon. Controlled experiments revealed that the Line and Hexagon patterns exhibited the lowest wear loss (0.004 grams), indicating superior wear resistance, while the Cubic pattern showed the highest wear loss (0.009 grams). In terms of friction, the Grid pattern demonstrated the lowest coefficient of friction (0.21), suggesting it offers the least resistance to movement, while the Line and Hexagon patterns had moderate coefficients of friction (0.40 and 0.35, respectively). The Cubic pattern displayed the highest coefficient of friction (0.45). Hardness testing revealed that the Hexagon pattern had the highest hardness value (30), followed by the Line pattern (28), the Grid pattern (25), and the Cubic pattern (20). These findings highlight the trade-offs between wear resistance, friction, and hardness among the different surface patterns, providing valuable insights for applications where these properties are crucial. SEM images were analyzed to investigate the wear characteristics of FFF-printed PEEK samples with varying infill patterns. The results showed that the Hexagon pattern exhibited the least surface degradation, demonstrating superior wear resistance compared to the Line, Cubic, and Grid patterns. This study offers valuable guidance for selecting optimal surface patterns in engineering and industrial applications to enhance performance and durability.
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Spagnuolo, Michael, and Lingyun Liu. "Fabrication and Degradation of Electrospun Scaffolds from L-Tyrosine-Based Polyurethane Blends for Tissue Engineering Applications." ISRN Nanotechnology 2012 (February 19, 2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/627420.
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It is important to control the degradation rate of a tissue-engineered scaffold so that the scaffold will degrade in an appropriate matching rate as the tissue cells grow in. A set of potential tissue engineering scaffolds with controllable rates of degradation were fabricated from blends of two biocompatible, biodegradable L-tyrosine-based polyurethanes (PEG1000-HDI-DTH and PCL1250-HDI-DTH) using the electrospinning process. The scaffolds were characterized by mat morphology, fiber diameter, diameter distribution, pore size, and hydrolytic degradation behavior. The majority of the scaffolds, despite having radically different chemical compositions, possessed no statistical difference with pore sizes and fiber diameters. The degradation pattern observed indicated that scaffolds consisting of a greater mass percentage of PEG1000-HDI-DTH decayed to a greater extent than those containing higher concentrations of PCL1250-HDI-DTH. The degradation rates of the electrospun scaffolds were much higher than those of the thin cast films with same compositions. These patterns were consistent through all blends. The work demonstrates one practical method of controlling the degradation of biopolymer scaffolds without significantly affecting an intended morphology.
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Ma, Xinyu, Meixi Chen, Teng Hu, Zhizhong Kang, and Meng Xiao. "Study on the Degradation Pattern of Impact Crater Populations in Yutu-2′s Rovering Area." Remote Sensing 16, no. 13 (2024): 2356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16132356.
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A detailed analysis of the panoramic camera data from the 27th to 33rd lunar days was conducted on the high-resolution scenes captured by the Yutu-2 rover stations. This analysis aimed to determine the detailed morphological parameters of the 2015 impact craters within the inspection area. The levels of degradation observed in the impact craters were determined alongside the surface features. Subsequently, the degradation patterns of the impact craters located within the Yutu-2’s roving area and the distribution patterns of the morphological parameters were analysed and investigated. The results of the analysis indicate that 94% of the impact craters exhibited severe degradation, 80% had depth-to-diameter ratios (DDRs) ranging from 0.07 to 0.17, and the remaining craters were moderately degraded. The DDRs of the impact craters exhibited a declining trend with an increase in the dimensions of the impact craters. Additionally, the degree of degradation of impact crater populations demonstrated a decreasing trend. In general, the impact craters along the rover’s route exhibited severe degradation, with the population of degradation degrees gradually decreasing with increasing diameter.
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Youn, J. H., and R. N. Bergman. "Patterns of glycogen turnover in liver characterized by computer modeling." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 253, no. 4 (1987): E360—E369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1987.253.4.e360.
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We used a computer model of liver glycogen turnover to reexamine the data of Devos and Hers, who reported the time course of accumulation in and loss from glycogen of label originating in [1-14C]galactose injected at different times after the start of refeeding of 40-h fasted mice or rats. In the present study computer representation of individual glycogen molecules was utilized to account for growth and degradation of glycogen according to specific hypothetical patterns. Using this model we could predict the accumulation and localization within glycogen of labeled glucose residues and compare the predictions with the previously published data. We considered three specific hypotheses of glycogen accumulation during refeeding: 1) simultaneous, 2) sequential, and 3) accelerating growth. Hypothetical patterns of glycogen degradation were 1) ordered and 2) random degradation. The pattern of glycogen synthesis consistent with experimental data was a steadily increasing number of growing glycogen molecules, whereas during degradation glycogen molecules are exposed to degrading enzymes randomly, rather than in a specific reverse order of synthesis. These patterns predict the existence of a specific mechanism for the steadily increasing "seeding" of new glycogen molecules during synthesis.
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Zhuge, Wenyi, Yaojie Yue, and Yanrui Shang. "Spatial-Temporal Pattern of Human-Induced Land Degradation in Northern China in the Past 3 Decades—RESTREND Approach." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 13 (2019): 2258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132258.
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Land degradation is one of the world’s most serious environmental issues. Human activities play an important role in it. Therefore, human-induced land degradation monitoring is of crucial scientific significance in revealing the evolution of land degradation and guiding its governance. Based on the residual trend (RESTREND) approach and using Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) 3g and monthly precipitation as data sources, a quantitative evaluation is conducted on the conditions of human-induced land degradation during 1982–2012 in northern China. The results indicate that (1) the “optimal cumulative precipitation-NDVImax” regression model constructed herein can improve the capability of recognizing human-induced land degradation of arid and semiarid areas in the RESTREND approach. Moreover, long time-series NDVI and precipitation data may reduce the uncertainty of quantifying human-induced land degradation. (2) In the past 3 decades, northern China has experienced three stages of human-induced land degradation, i.e., rapid development, overall reversal with local development, and continuous reversion. Human-induced land degradation in the agro-pastoral ecotone of northern China has shown a rapid restoration trend since the 1990s. (3) It is believed that the dominant factor of land degradation has a significant spatial-temporal scale effect and spatial heterogeneity. Therefore, concrete issues should be specifically analyzed to improve our understanding of land degradation development and reversal, the spatial-temporal pattern and the driving forces of land degradation in the past 3 decades in northern China. Climate change may be the main driving force of land degradation. However, the influence of human activities on the development and reversal of land degradation in small areas and in a short time is more remarkable.
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Vallecillo, Cristina, María T. Osorio, Nuria Infante, et al. "In Vitro Degradation of Collagen-Based Membranes for Guided Bone Regeneration After Zn-Ions or Doxycycline Functionalization." Polymers 16, no. 22 (2024): 3109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16223109.
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Collagen-based membrane is the most commonly used biomaterial for guided bone and tissue regeneration; however, its barrier function can be threatened by its rapid degradation pattern, affecting the success of the regeneration process. Differences in the origin and functionalization of the membrane to obtain better properties can alter the degradation rate. The objective of this study was to examine the biodegradation pattern of two commercially available collagen membranes (Jason® and Collprotect®) manufactured using porcine pericardium or dermis, doped or not with zinc-ions or doxycycline, in a period up to 21 days. The membrane specimens were subjected to hydrolytic and bacterial degradation tests. The different immersion times were carried out from 12 h up to 21 days. At each time point, quantitative measurements of thickness and weight were made using a digital caliper and an analytic microbalance, respectively. ANOVA and Student–Newman–Keuls tests were carried out for comparison purposes (p < 0.05). The differences between time-points within the same membranes and solutions were assessed by pairwise comparisons (p < 0.001). Unfunctionalized Jason membrane made of porcine pericardium attained the highest resistance to both degradation tests. The functionalization of the membranes did not alter the biodegradation patterns. All the membranes completely degraded before 48 h in the bacterial collagenase solution, which was the most aggressive test.
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Wang, Juanle, Haishuo Wei, Kai Cheng, et al. "Spatio-Temporal Pattern of Land Degradation along the China-Mongolia Railway (Mongolia)." Sustainability 11, no. 9 (2019): 2705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11092705.
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The increasingly serious problem of land degradation has a direct impact on the ecosystem and sustainable development in Mongolia. The influence of land degradation on the main China–Mongolia–Russia traffic arteries is currently unclear and poses a risk to the construction of transportation infrastructure. In this study, for the first time, we obtained land cover data from 1990, 2010, and 2015, at a 30 m, resolution based on the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat Operational Land Imager (OLI) images along the China–Mongolia railway (Mongolia section). We then analyzed the change in the obtained land cover data using the geographic information system (GIS) spatial analysis technology to obtain the land pattern and development trend of this region. Results showed that the newly-increased degraded land was distributed mainly in the center of the region and tended to expand northward. The joint effect of natural and socioeconomic factors resulted in land degradation. We speculated that the significant temperature fluctuation and the decrease in rainfall were the inducing factors. Population migration, overgrazing, infrastructure construction, unreasonable mineral exploitation, and rapid urbanization aggravate the degree of land degradation. It is thus necessary to use a broader view to observe patterns of desertification and variations in regions along the Railway facing its sustainable development.
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Glarner, Markus, and Sylwester Gogolewski. "Degradation and calcification in vitro of new bioresorbable terpolymers of lactides with an improved degradation pattern." Polymer Degradation and Stability 92, no. 2 (2007): 310–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2006.10.009.
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Deng, Zhongwei, Xianke Lin, Jianwei Cai, and Xiaosong Hu. "Battery health estimation with degradation pattern recognition and transfer learning." Journal of Power Sources 525 (March 2022): 231027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.231027.
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Kumar, Yengkhom Bijen, Mohd Ali, Sandip Patra, et al. "Degradation Pattern and Safety Evaluation of Azoxystrobin in Tomato Fruit." European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety 16, no. 10 (2024): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ejnfs/2024/v16i101562.
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Tomato is one of the most important vegetables affected by various diseases. Owing to its effectiveness and safe in use, azoxystrobin is used in controlling major fungal diseases in tomato. An ethyl acetate method was validated for determining azoxystrobin in tomato using LC-MS/MS. The average recoveries ranged from 79.56% (±3.28) and 89.28% (±4.71) %. The dissipation and residue of azoxystrobin in tomato at good agricultural practice conditions were investigated. The dissipation results indicated that the half-life of azoxystrobin in tomato fitted in 1st+1st order was 1.818 and 2.32 at recommended dose double recommended dose respectively. The dissipation rates of azoxystrobin in tomato were almost the same at both doses. Terminal residues in tomato (0.004 mg kg-1) were all below the maximum residue limit (3 mg kg-1 by European Union). The results demonstrated the safety of using azoxystrobin at the recommended dosage to protect tomato from diseases. Moreover, the postharvest intervals estimated will be useful for farmers to ensure their field applications in a judicious manner and, in turn minimizing the residue loads within Maximum residue limit compliance, at harvest.
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Laurin, J., F. Donati, and F. Varin. "Stereoselective in vitro degradation pattern of mivacurium in human plasma †." British Journal of Anaesthesia 89, no. 6 (2002): 832–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bja/aef270.
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Nagarajan, Srikantan S., Steven W. Cheung, Purvis Bedenbaugh, Ralph E. Beitel, Christoph E. Schreiner, and Michael M. Merzenich. "Representation of Spectral and Temporal Envelope of Twitter Vocalizations in Common Marmoset Primary Auditory Cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 87, no. 4 (2002): 1723–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00632.2001.
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Cortical sensitivity in representations of behaviorally relevant complex input signals was examined in recordings from primary auditory cortical neurons (AI) in adult, barbiturate-anesthetized common marmoset monkeys ( Callithrix jacchus). We studied the robustness of distributed responses to natural and degraded forms of twitter calls, social contact vocalizations comprising several quasi-periodic phrases of frequency and AM. We recorded neuronal responses to a monkey's own twitter call (MOC), degraded forms of their twitter call, and sinusoidal amplitude modulated (SAM) tones with modulation rates similar to those of twitter calls. In spectral envelope degradation, calls with narrowband channels of varying bandwidths had the same temporal envelope as a natural call. However, the carrier phase was randomized within each narrowband channel. In temporal envelope degradation, the temporal envelope within narrowband channels was filtered while the carrier frequencies and phases remained unchanged. In a third form of degradation, noise was added to the natural calls. Spatiotemporal discharge patterns in AI both within and across frequency bands encoded spectrotemporal acoustic features in the call although the encoded response is an abstract version of the call. The average temporal response pattern in AI, however, was significantly correlated with the average temporal envelope for each phrase of a call. Response entrainment to MOC was significantly correlated with entrainment to SAM stimuli at comparable modulation frequencies. Sensitivity of the response patterns to MOC was substantially greater for temporal envelope than for spectral envelope degradations. The distributed responses in AI were robust to additive continuous noise at signal-to-noise ratios ≥10 dB. Neurophysiological data reflecting response sensitivity in AI to these forms of degradation closely parallel human psychophysical results on the intelligibility of degraded speech in quiet and noisy conditions.
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Pan, Yao, Yunhe Yin, and Wei Cao. "Integrated Assessments of Land Degradation in the Three-Rivers Headwater Region of China from 2000 to 2020." Remote Sensing 15, no. 18 (2023): 4521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15184521.
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Since the 1970s, certain areas within the Three-Rivers Headwater Region (TRHR) of China have faced severe land degradation due to the combined effects of climate change and human activities, leading to restricted ecological service functions and hindering the achievement of sustainable development goals (SDGs). Land degradation in the TRHR has received widespread attention. However, the current research mainly focuses on single-dimensional degradation and lacks a comprehensive evaluation of patterns and structures, as well as above-ground and underground assessments. To address this gap, this study employed the SDG indicator 15.3.1 framework, comprehensively considering fragmentation and habitat quality index based on land cover changes, grassland degradation index, and soil water erosion index. These indexes represent the three land degradation pathways of landscape degradation, vegetation degradation, and soil erosion. This study assessed land degradation patterns in the TRHR from 2000 to 2020. Results show that approximately 44.67% of the TRHR experienced land degradation during this period, mainly in meadow-dominated regions. Additionally, 5.64% of the regions experienced the superimposition of two or more land degradation pathways, with the frequent coexistence of soil erosion and grassland degradation, accounting for 4.1% of the affected areas. Landscape degradation affected approximately 2.39% of the regions, characterized by increased grassland fragmentation or habitat quality degradation. In terms of grassland degradation, 22.26% of the regions showed medium degradation, while 7.21% and 5.63% experienced moderate and severe degradation, respectively. Moreover, approximately 13.36% of the region faced a worsening situation of soil erosion. Approximately 55.34% of the study area underwent land improvement, with significant enhancements mainly concentrated in the western and eastern regions. The regrowth of grassland in the western region and the enhancement and homogenization of grassland productivity in the eastern region played pivotal roles in promoting land improvement. This study provides critical insights into the land degradation pattern in the TRHR over the past 20 years, offering valuable references for formulating and implementing measures to protect and construct the ecological security barrier of the plateau.
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Herceg, Sina, Ismail Kaaya, Julián Ascencio-Vásquez, Marie Fischer, Karl-Anders Weiß, and Liselotte Schebek. "The Influence of Different Degradation Characteristics on the Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Silicon Photovoltaics: A Threefold Analysis." Sustainability 14, no. 10 (2022): 5843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14105843.
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The environmental footprint of photovoltaic electricity is usually assessed using nominated power or life cycle energy output. If performance degradation is considered, a linear reduction in lifetime energy output is assumed. However, research has shown that the decrease in energy output over time does not necessarily follow a linear degradation pattern but can vary at different points in the module’s lifetime. Further, photovoltaic modules follow different degradation patterns in different climate zones. In this study, we address the influence of different degradation aspects on the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of PV electricity. Firstly, we apply different non-linear degradation scenarios to evaluate the GHG emissions and show that the differences in GHG emissions in comparison to a linear degradation can be up to 6.0%. Secondly, we use the ERA5 dataset generated by the ECMWF to calculate location-dependent degradation rates and apply them to estimate the location-specific GHG emissions. Due to the reduction in lifetime energy output, there is a direct correlation between the calculated degradation rate and GHG emissions. Thirdly, we assess the impact of climate change on degradation rates and on the respective GHG emissions of photovoltaic electricity using different climate change scenarios. In a best-case scenario, the GHG emissions are estimated to increase by around 5% until the year 2100 and by around 105% by 2100 for a worst-case scenario.
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Fu, Linlin, Bo Jiang, Jiangong Zhu, Xuezhe Wei, and Haifeng Dai. "Early Remaining Useful Life Prediction for Lithium-Ion Batteries Using a Gaussian Process Regression Model Based on Degradation Pattern Recognition." Batteries 11, no. 6 (2025): 221. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries11060221.
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Lithium-ion batteries experience nonlinear degradation characteristics during long-term operation. Accurate estimation of their remaining useful life (RUL) is of significant importance for early fault diagnosis and residual value evaluation. However, existing RUL prediction approaches often suffer from limited accuracy and insufficient specificity. To address these limitations, this study proposes an RUL prediction methodology based on Gaussian process regression, which incorporates degradation pattern recognition and auxiliary features derived from knee points. First, 9 health-related features are extracted from the first 100 charge/discharge cycles of the battery. Based on these extracted features, clustering and classification techniques are employed to categorize the batteries into three distinct degradation patterns. Moreover, feature importance is assessed to identify and eliminate redundant indicators, thereby enhancing the relevance of the feature set for prediction. Subsequently, for each degradation pattern, GPR-based models with composite kernel functions are constructed by integrating knee point positions and their corresponding slopes. The model hyperparameters are further optimized through the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to improve the adaptability and generalization capability of the predictive models. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a high level of predictive accuracy, with an overall mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of approximately 8.70%. Furthermore, compared with conventional prediction methods, the proposed approach exhibits superior performance and can serve as an effective evaluation tool for diverse application scenarios, including lithium-ion battery health monitoring, early prognostics, and echelon utilization.
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Kim, Leesun, Geun-Hyoung Choi, Hyun Ho Noh, et al. "Persistence and Degradation Pattern of Acequinocyl and Its Metabolite, Hydroxyl-Acequinocyl and Fenpyroximate in Butterburs (Petasites japonicus Max.)." Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture 42, no. 2 (2023): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2023.42.2.12.
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Wang, Xin, Xing Zhao, Siqi Chen, and Zhishen Wu. "Static and fatigue behavior of basalt fiber-reinforced thermoplastic epoxy composites." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 18 (2019): 2389–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998319896842.
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The static, fatigue properties and their damage mechanism of basalt fiber-reinforced thermoplastic epoxy polymer composites are investigated. The stress–life curves and stiffness degradation under long-term cyclic loading were tested for basalt fiber-reinforced thermoplastic epoxy polymer. An advanced fatigue loading equipment combined with in situ scanning electron microscopy was used in the tests to track the damage propagations and analysis the fracture surfaces of all specimens. Results were also compared with those of thermosetting epoxy-based basalt fiber-reinforced polymer composites. The results show that the basalt fiber-reinforced thermoplastic epoxy polymer has good interface properties between the fiber and new thermoplastic epoxy, which results in high tensile strength and ductility. Different degradation rates of low- and high-cycle fatigue loads are observed for the basalt fiber-reinforced thermoplastic epoxy polymer composites. Under high fatigue stress levels, a high degradation rate of the fatigue life is found because the dominating damage pattern showed fiber fractures. At low and medium fatigue stress levels, the damage pattern is dominated by matrix cracking and interface debonding, which results in a low degradation rate of the fatigue life. A bilinear phenomenological fatigue model has a higher accuracy for fitting the stress–life data than linear fatigue models. In addition, 80–90% stiffness degradations are observed before failure for all stress levels at a stress ratio of 0.8. Furthermore, compared with thermosetting epoxy-based basalt fiber-reinforced thermoplastic epoxy polymer, the basalt fiber-reinforced thermoplastic epoxy polymer has similar static strength and similar fatigue life at high-stress levels. However, at low-stress levels, the fatigue life of the this polymer is much higher than that of thermosetting one.
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Hilmi, Endang, Lilik Kartika Sari, Arif Mahdiana, and Sesilia Rani Samudra. "Status and Rehabilittion Pattern of Mangrove Ecosystem in the Eastern of Segara Anakan Cilacap." Jurnal READ (Research of Empowerment and Development) 1, no. 1 (2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.read.2020.1.1.2407.
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The Segara Ankan Lagoon (SAL) has a potentially reduced mangrove ecosystem. In this year, the mangrove area in SAL is predicted only remaining 1788 ha. The degradation of The Segara Ankan Lagoon (SAL) has a potentially reduced mangrove ecosystem. In this year, the mangrove area in SAL is predicted only remaining 1788 ha. The degradation of mangrove ecosystem often occurres in SAL, especially in Eastern of Segara Anakan Lagoon Cilacap (E-SAL). To reduce mangrove degradation need activities to review their status and recovery activities. This research aims to analysis the activities to support the effort of mangrove rehabilitation. The results of this researchd showed that (1) The potential of mangrove ecosystem in E-SAL was seedling between 15.000 – 34.999 trees ha-1, sapling between 5.199-9.065 trees ha-1 and trees between 533 – 1366 trees ha-1, (2) The status of mangrove ecosystem in E-SAL was damaged – very damaged. (3) the model spesices selection of rehabilitation pattern to reduce mangrove degradation were Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Aegiceras corniculatum, Sonneratia alba, Avicennia marina, and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza
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Iwafune, Yumiko, and Kazuhiko Ogimoto. "Economic Impacts of the Demand Response of Electric Vehicles Considering Battery Degradation." Energies 13, no. 21 (2020): 5771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13215771.
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The increase in the number of electric vehicles (EVs) has led to increased global expectations that the application of this technology may result in the reduction of CO2 emissions through the replacement of conventional petrol vehicles and ensure the flexibility of power systems such as batteries. In this paper, we propose a residential demand response (DR) evaluation model that considers the degradation mechanism of the EV battery and examines the effective battery operation. We adopted the already-proposed NiMnCo battery degradation model to develop an EV DR evaluation model. In this model, the battery operation is optimized to minimize the electricity and degradation costs affected by ambient temperature, battery state of charge (SOC), and depth of discharge. In this study, we evaluated the impact of the relevant parameters on the economics of the DR of EV batteries for 10 all-electric detached houses with photovoltaic system assuming multiple EV driving patterns and battery (dis)charging constraints. The results indicated that the degradation costs are greatly affected by the SOC condition. If a low SOC can be managed with a DR strategy, the total cost can be reduced. This is because the sum of the reduction of purchased cost from the utility and calendar degradation costs are higher than the increase of the cycle degradation cost. In addition, an analysis was conducted considering different driving patterns. The results showed that the cost reduction was highest when a driving pattern was employed in which the mileage was low and the staying at home time was large. When degradation costs are included, the value of optimized charging and discharging operations is more apparent than when degradation costs are not considered.
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Wang, Meng, and Xiaochen Hang. "Modified Micro-Mechanics Based Multiscale Model for Damage Analysis of Open-Hole Composite Laminates under Compression." Materials 15, no. 15 (2022): 5105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15155105.
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The multiscale model based on micro-mechanics failure theory is modified to consider complex internal structures, including a fiber random arrangement pattern and interface with the clustering method. Then, a feed-forward-neural-network (FFNN)-based damage evolution method is developed to evaluate the macroscale property degradation. The progressive damage analysis of open-hole laminates under compression is conducted to validate the modified multiscale method. The predicted results reveal that the interface results in the premature initiation of damage, and the fiber random arrangement pattern contributes to the decrease in the predicted compression responses. The developed FFNN-based method aimed at degradation results in an increase in the predicted compression strength. For the fiber random distribution pattern, the increase in percentage of predicted compressive strength is 6.0%, which is much larger than the value for the fiber diamond distribution pattern.