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Journal articles on the topic 'Degradation product identification'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Zhang, Hong, Shiying Lu, Honglin Ren, et al. "Cytotoxicity and degradation product identification of thermally treated ceftiofur." RSC Advances 10, no. 31 (2020): 18407–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra10289b.

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2

Wróblewska, Katarzyna B., Szymon Plewa, Paweł Dereziński, and Izabela Muszalska-Kolos. "Choline Salicylate Analysis: Chemical Stability and Degradation Product Identification." Molecules 25, no. 1 (2019): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25010051.

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Choline salicylate (CS) as a derivative of acetylsalicylic acid is commonly used in different drug forms. In medicine, it is applied topically to inflammation of the oral cavity mucosa and in laryngology. However, this substance in the form of an ionic liquid has not been investigated enough. There are no literature studies on stability tests constituting a stage of pre-formulation research. HPLC (Nucleosil C18, 4.6 × 150 mm, 5 μm; methanol-water-acetic acid 60:40:1, 230 nm or 270 nm) and UV (276 nm) methods for the determination of CS in 2% (g/mL) aqueous solutions were developed. Under stres

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3

Battu, Satyanarayana, and Vasudev Pottabathini. "Hydrolytic Degradation Study of Lansoprazole, Identification, Isolation and Characterisation of Base Degradation Product." American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 06, no. 02 (2015): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajac.2015.62013.

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4

Regulska, Katarzyna, and Beata Stanisz. "Kinetics and mechanism of solid state imidapril hydrochloride degradation and its degradation impurities identification." Open Chemistry 11, no. 5 (2013): 754–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-013-0212-9.

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AbstractA detailed stability testing of solid state imidapril hydrochloride (IMD) was performed and its degradation products were identified. The analysis was conducted according to ICH guidelines Q1A(R2). Pure IMD samples were exposed to stress conditions of elevated temperature and relative humidity (T = 363 K, RH = 76.4%) in order to accelerate degradation. The regular loss of IMD content with time, and the formation of two degradation impurities were observed. The appropriate reaction rate constants k (for IMD degradation and for the formation of product I and II) were calculated using Pro

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5

Trujillo Uruena, Melissa, Rebekah York, Morgan Philp, et al. "Identification of Unique 4-Methylmethcathinone (4-MMC) Degradation Markers in Putrefied Matrices†." Journal of Analytical Toxicology 44, no. 8 (2020): 803–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkaa041.

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Abstract Drug degradation as a consequence of putrefactive bacterial activity is a well-known factor that affects the identification and quantitation of certain substances of forensic interest. Current knowledge on putrefaction-mediated degradation of drugs is, however, significantly lacking. This study aimed to investigate the degradation of 4-methylmethcathinone (4-MMC or mephedrone) and to detect its degradation products in putrefied biological matrices containing 4-MMC. The bacteria species Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus vulgaris were grown in br

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6

Zhang, Ting, Ling Cai, Bentuo Xu, et al. "Sulfadiazine biodegradation by Phanerochaete chrysosporium: Mechanism and degradation product identification." Chemosphere 237 (December 2019): 124418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124418.

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7

Bharathi, Ch, D. Krishnama Chary, M. Saravana Kumar, et al. "Identification, isolation and characterization of potential degradation product in risperidone tablets." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 46, no. 1 (2008): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2007.08.008.

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8

Pattanaargson, S., and P. Limphong. "Stability of octyl methoxycinnamate and identification of its photo-degradation product." International Journal of Cosmetic Science 23, no. 3 (2001): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-2494.2001.00071.x.

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9

Pottabathini, Vasudev, Vijayacharan Gugulothu, Muralidharan Kaliyaperumal, and Satyanarayana Battu. "Identification, Isolation and Characterization of Unknown Acid Degradation Product of Nevirapine." American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 07, no. 09 (2016): 663–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajac.2016.79061.

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10

Saavedra, Luis, Angel Luis Huidobro, Antonia García, Jose Carlos Cabanelas, María G. González, and Coral Barbas. "CE as orthogonal technique to HPLC for alprazolam degradation product identification." ELECTROPHORESIS 27, no. 12 (2006): 2360–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.200500882.

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11

Buret, D., D. Breton, P. Clair, and M. Lafosse. "Identification by CI-mass spectrometry of an unexpected benzodiazepine degradation product." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 248, no. 1-2 (2006): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2005.08.001.

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12

Mitrevska, Ivana, Ema Kikovska-Stojanovska, Gjorgji Petrusevski, Marina Chachorovska, Suzan Memed-Sejfulah, and Sonja Ugarkovic. "Identification and Structural Characterization of Unidentified Impurity in Bisoprolol Film-Coated Tablets." Advances in Chemistry 2017 (March 23, 2017): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3047517.

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The aim of this study is the identification, structural characterization, and qualification of a degradation impurity of bisoprolol labeled as Impurity RRT 0.95. This degradation product is considered as a principal thermal degradation impurity identified in bisoprolol film-coated tablets. The impurity has been observed in the stress thermal degradation study of the drug product. Using HPLC/DAD/ESI-MS method, a tentative structure was assigned and afterwards confirmed by detailed structural characterization using NMR spectroscopy. The structure of the target Impurity RRT 0.95 was elucidated as

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13

Ortigara, Rodolfo, Martin Steppe, and Cássia Virginia Garcia. "Stability-indicating UPLC-PDA Method for Ambrisentan Tablets and Identification of a Main Degradation Product by UPLC-MS/MS." Current Pharmaceutical Analysis 16, no. 1 (2019): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573412914666181003140449.

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Background: Ambrisentan is a drug used to treat the pulmonary arterial hypertension symptoms, commercialized as coated tablets. Drug quality control is an essential part for the development and release of drugs for consumption; however, there are few studies related to the proposition of analytical methods and stability study for ambrisentan. Objective: The development of an UPLC assay of ambrisentan in tablets with degradation product`s elucidation was proposed. Methods: Tests with different solvents and chromatographic columns were carried out, achieving an optimal condition using mobile pha

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14

Ummiti, Kumarswamy, and JV Shanmukha Kumar. "Establishment of validated stability indicating purity method based on the stress degradation behavior of gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (ganirelix) in an injectable formulation using HPLC and LC-MS-QTOF." European Journal of Mass Spectrometry 27, no. 2-4 (2021): 126–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14690667211005335.

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Stress study of a drug substance or pharmaceutical drug product provides a vision into degradation pathways and degradation products of the active pharmaceutical ingredient and helps in interpretation of the chemical structure of the degradation impurities. In the current study, Ganirelix active ingredient presented in the Orgalutran® was stressed with acidic and alkali hydrolysis, photolysis, thermal and oxidation conditions as per the guidelines of International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) Q1A (R2). Ganirelix was found to be labile under thermal and alkali hydrolytic stress conditions,

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15

Pulletikurthi, K. V. K. Mohan, S. S. K. Chakravarthy Kotha, Raju Doddipalla, Chidananda Swamy Rumalla, Muralidharan Kaliyaperumal, and Raghu Babu Korupolu. "Degradation Studies of Lacidipine: Identification, Isolation and Structural Characterization of Stress Degradation Products using LCMS, Mass mediated Prep-HPLC, NMR and HRMS." Asian Journal of Chemistry 33, no. 6 (2021): 1341–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2021.23189.

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The stability of lacidipine drug under stress conditions and the identification of the degradation products, according to ICH guidelines Q1A (R2) were investigated in the hydrolytic and oxidative stress conditions. The drug degradation occurred under hydrolytic conditions like (acidic and basic) while it was stable in the oxidative condition. Three degradation products were formed under acidic condition and one degradation product was formed under basic condition, which was separated by using APMS (Auto Purification Mass Spectrometer) and gradient elution with C18 column. The four degradants h

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16

Jain, P. S., A. J. Chaudhari, and S. J. Surana. "Development and validation of stability-indicating RP-HPLC method for determination of Olmesartan medoxomile in pharmaceutical dosage form and identification, characterization of alkaline degradation impurity of Olmesartan medoxomile drug substance as well as drug product." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 18, no. 4-1 (2012): 595–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq111204035j.

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Olmesartan Medoxomil (OLME) belongs to a group of angiotensin II receptor blockers used as an antihypertensive agent and is currently being used for prevention of Hypertension. This paper describes the Validation and development of stability indicating RP-HPLC method for the determination of OLME in the presence of its degradation products generated from forced degradation study and characterization of degradation product (impurity). The assay involved gradient elution of OLME on An LC GC BDS C18 column (250 ? 4.5mm, 5-?m particle size) was employed for loading the sample. The mobile phase A c

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17

Babu, M. Ajay, G. V. Krishna Mohan, N. Naresh, Ch Krishnam Raju, and Sharad D. Mankumare. "Identification and Characterization of Forced Degradation Products for Dofetilide using Rapid and Sensitive UPLC-MS/MS Method and HRMS Studies." Asian Journal of Chemistry 31, no. 12 (2019): 2763–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2019.22220.

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A simple, rapid and efficient method has been developed and validated using ultra UPLC combined with Q-ToF MS system for recognition and characterization of forced degradation products obtained from dofetilide degradation studies. The dofetilide drug is an antiarrhythmic and belongs to Class III and it was treated with various stress conditions like acidic, basic, oxidative, photolytic and thermal conditions as per ICH guidelines. The main drug shows extensive degradation towards oxidative degradation conditions and single degradation product was identified through chromatogram. The chromatogr

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18

Susilo, Rudy, Gerhard Höfle, and Hans Rommelspacher. "Degradation of tryptamine in pig brain: Identification of a new condensation product." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 148, no. 3 (1987): 1045–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-291x(87)80237-1.

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19

Malesuik, Marcelo Donadel, Heloísa Mazotti Lopes Gonçalves, Cássia Virginia Garcia, et al. "Identification, characterization and cytotoxicity in vitro assay of nitazoxanide major degradation product." Talanta 93 (May 2012): 206–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2012.02.014.

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20

Hapeman-Somich, Cathleen J., Guiming Zong, William R. Lusby, Mark T. Muldoon, and Rolland Waters. "Aqueous ozonation of atrazine. Product identification and description of the degradation pathway." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 40, no. 11 (1992): 2294–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00023a048.

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21

Zhao, Fang, George Derbin, Scott Miller, Sherif Badawy, and Munir Hussain. "Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of BMS-582664: Degradation Product Identification and Mechanism Elucidation." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 101, no. 9 (2012): 3526–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jps.23028.

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22

Saar, Eva, Dimitri Gerostamoulos, Olaf H. Drummer, and Jochen Beyer. "Identification of 2-hydroxymethyl-olanzapine as a novel degradation product of olanzapine." Forensic Science International 220, no. 1-3 (2012): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.01.029.

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23

Chen, Jie, Xiaoling Jin, Chunxia Zhao, Zhe Qin, Jingfei Wang, and Shu-xuan Liang. "Biotoxicity and by-product identification of dye wastewaters." Water Practice and Technology 14, no. 2 (2019): 449–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2019.029.

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Abstract Dyeing effluent is a typical refractory wastewater containing toxic pollutants. It is difficult to treat it to meet discharge regulations. The biotoxic effects of pollutants on microorganisms are one of the main constraints on efficient wastewater degradation. The aim of this study was to evaluate biotoxic effects and try to screen toxic substances from dye wastewater. The toxic effects of wastewaters collected at different treatment stages from a wastewater treatment plant in a dye industrial park were determined using bioluminescent bacteria (Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67). Toxic subs

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24

Meng, X. G., X. F. Long, N. Wang, S. Z. Pan, B. A. Song, and D. Y. Hu. "Evaluation of degradation of a novel sulfone bactericide in soils: identification of degradation product and kinetics study." International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 17, no. 2 (2019): 891–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13762-019-02523-z.

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25

Song, Zhen, Xiaohui Chen, Di Zhang, et al. "Kinetic Study of the Degradation of PAC-1 and Identification of a Degradation Product in Alkaline Condition." Chromatographia 70, no. 11-12 (2009): 1575–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1365/s10337-009-1348-9.

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26

Paim, Clés S., Eduardo C. Palma, Marcelo D. Malesuik, and Martin Steppe. "LC/MS/MS Study for Identification of Entacapone Degradation Product Obtained by Photodegradation Kinetics." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 93, no. 6 (2010): 1856–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/93.6.1856.

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Abstract Entacapone is indicated for clinical use as an adjunct to levodopa/carbidopa to treat patients with idiopathic Parkinson's Disease who experience the signs and symptoms of end-of-dose wearing-off. The aim of this study was to determine the photodegradation kinetics and to elucidate the structure of the main degradation product. The stability of entacapone was studied in order to investigate the degradation kinetics of this drug using LC as a stability indicator. Entacapone was subjected to accelerated photodegradation. This study was carried out with methanolic solutions, prepared fro

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27

Nguyen, Thuy T., Randi Kringstad, Arne J. Aasen, et al. "Identification and Analysis of a Degradation Product of the Glucocorticoid Desonide in Ointment." Acta Chemica Scandinavica 42b (1988): 403–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3891/acta.chem.scand.42b-0403.

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28

Ness, Andrea, Jörg Wolfgang Metzger, and Peter Christian Schmidt. "Isolation, identification and stability of 8-desacetylmatricine, a new degradation product of matricine." Pharmaceutica Acta Helvetiae 71, no. 4 (1996): 265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-6865(96)00026-x.

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29

Galanopoulou, Olga, Stavroula Rozou, and Ekaterini Antoniadou-Vyza. "HPLC analysis, isolation and identification of a new degradation product in carvedilol tablets." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 48, no. 1 (2008): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2008.05.004.

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30

Kumar, Vundavilli Jagadeesh, P. Badarinadh Gupta, K. S. R. Pavan Kumar, et al. "Identification, isolation and characterization of a new degradation product in sultamicillin drug substance." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 54, no. 3 (2011): 582–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2010.09.016.

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31

Krochta, John M., Sandra J. Tillin, and Joyce S. Hudson. "Degradation of polysaccharides in alkaline solution to organic acids: Product characterization and identification." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 33, no. 4 (1987): 1413–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1987.070330428.

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32

Philmus, Benjamin, Sameh Abdelwahed, Howard J. Williams, Michael K. Fenwick, Steven E. Ealick, and Tadhg P. Begley. "Identification of the Product of Toxoflavin Lyase: Degradation via a Baeyer–Villiger Oxidation." Journal of the American Chemical Society 134, no. 11 (2012): 5326–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja211759n.

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33

Feng, Chengcheng, Xinyi Sui, Mary Ann Ankeny, and Nelson R. Vinueza. "Identification and quantification of CI Reactive Blue 19 dye degradation product in soil." Coloration Technology 137, no. 3 (2021): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cote.12527.

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34

Ouarezki, Radia, Saliha Guermouche, and Moulay-Hassane Guermouche. "Degradation kinetics of Bilastine determined by RP-HPLC method and identification of its degradation product in oxidative condition." Chemical Papers 74, no. 4 (2019): 1133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11696-019-00956-x.

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35

Meng, Xingang, Lingzhu Chen, Yuping Zhang, Deyu Hu, and Baoan Song. "Hydrolysis and Photolysis Kinetics, and Identification of Degradation Products of the Novel Bactericide 2-(4-Fluorobenzyl)-5-(Methylsulfonyl)-1,3,4-Oxadiazole in Water." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 12 (2018): 2741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122741.

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Hydrolysis and photolysis kinetics of Fubianezuofeng (FBEZF) in water were investigated in detail. The hydrolysis half-lives of FBEZF depending on pH, initial concentration, and temperature were (14.44 d at pH = 5; 1.60 d at pH = 7), (36.48 h at 1.0 mg L−1; 38.51 h at 5.0 mg L−1; and 31.51 h at 10.0 mg L−1), and (77.02 h at 15 °C; 38.51 h at 25 °C; 19.80 h at 35 °C; and 3.00 h at 45 °C), respectively. The photolysis half-life of FBEZF in different initial concentrations were 8.77 h at 1.0 mg L−1, 8.35 h at 5.0 mg L−1, and 8.66 h at 10.0 mg L−1, respectively. Results indicated that the degradat

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36

Li, Han, Nasidan Wang, Xuefei Han, Haoran Yuan, and Jiang Xie. "Mechanism Identification and Kinetics Analysis of Thermal Degradation for Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Resin." Polymers 13, no. 4 (2021): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13040569.

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For carbon fiber epoxy resin used in aerostructure, thermal degradation mechanism and kinetics play an important role in the evaluation of thermal response and combustion characteristics. However, the thermal decomposition process and mechanism are difficult to unify strictly due to the complexity of the components from different suppliers. In the present study, a product of carbon fiber epoxy resin made by AVIC (Aviation Industry Corporation of China) composite corporation is examined to identify its thermal degradation mechanism and pyrolysis products by measurements, including simultaneous

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37

Luo, Ting, Jinquan Wan, Yongwen Ma, Yan Wang, and YongJie Wan. "Sulfamethoxazole degradation by an Fe(ii)-activated persulfate process: insight into the reactive sites, product identification and degradation pathways." Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 21, no. 9 (2019): 1560–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9em00254e.

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38

Thummala, Veera Raghava Raju. "Isolation, Identification, and Characterization of One Degradation Product in Ambroxol by HPLC-Hyphenated Techniques." Scientia Pharmaceutica 82, no. 2 (2014): 247–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.1310-21.

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39

Rao, P. Sreenivasa, Uttam Kumar Ray, S. G. Hiriyanna, et al. "Identification of oxidative degradation impurities of Olanzapine drug substance as well as drug product." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 56, no. 2 (2011): 413–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2011.05.003.

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40

Doddaga, Srinivasulu, and Ramesh Peddakonda. "Chloroquine-N-oxide, a major oxidative degradation product of chloroquine: Identification, synthesis and characterization." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 81-82 (July 2013): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2013.04.004.

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41

Ahmed, M. U., S. R. Thorpe, and J. W. Baynes. "Identification of N epsilon-carboxymethyllysine as a degradation product of fructoselysine in glycated protein." Journal of Biological Chemistry 261, no. 11 (1986): 4889–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(19)89188-3.

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42

Carlos, Graciela, Alvicler Magalhães, Ana Cristina Isler, Eloisa Comiran, and Pedro Eduardo Fröehlich. "Assessment of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate stability and identification of its degradation product by NMR spectroscopy." Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 45, no. 1 (2018): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03639045.2018.1526185.

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43

Contreras-Domínguez, Monica, Sylvain Guyot, Nathalie Marnet, et al. "Degradation of procyanidins by Aspergillus fumigatus: Identification of a novel aromatic ring cleavage product." Biochimie 88, no. 12 (2006): 1899–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biochi.2006.07.011.

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44

Chakravarthy Kotha, S. S. K., Raju Doddipalla, Himabindu Gandham, Chidananda Swamy Rumalla, Muralidharan Kaliyaperumal, and Srinivas Manchineni. "Degradation Studies of Tadalafil: Identification, Isolation and Structure Characterization of Stress Degradation Product using LC-MS, Mass Mediated Prep-HPLC, NMR, HRMS." Asian Journal of Chemistry 33, no. 4 (2021): 827–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2021.23115.

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The degradation behaviour of tadalafil performed under different stress conditions according to International Conference on Harmonization guidelines (ICH) was studied. A novel degradation product (DP) of tadalafil was observed only in acidic condition. An isolated degradation product [(R)-3-((1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)-4-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxole-5-carbonyl)-1-methylpiperazine-2,5-dione)] was identified by UPLC-MS technique and its structure was confirmed by high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies. Acquity BEH C18 (50 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) column was used in

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45

Xu, Yongpeng, Shiyao Liu, Fang Guo, and Fuyi Cui. "Oxidation of Enrofloxacin with Permanganate: Kinetics, Multivariate Effects, Identification of Oxidation Products, and Determination of Residual Antibacterial Activity." Journal of Chemistry 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/521395.

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Permanganate [Mn(VII)] chemistry oxidation of fluoroquinolone (FQ) antibiotic enrofloxacin (ENR) in water is investigated with respect to the kinetics, pH effect, buffer effect, and the evaluation of residual antibacterial activity after oxidative treatment. The degradation of ENR by Mn(VII) obeyed a secondary-order kinetics. Modern high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry coupled with high performance liquid chromatography was used to analyze the structures of degradation products. Four main oxidation products were identified at different pH values. Several influencing factors, pH value, and

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46

Muir, A., R. E. Offord, and J. G. Davies. "The identification of a major product of the degradation of insulin by ‘insulin proteinase’ (EC 3.4.22.11)." Biochemical Journal 237, no. 3 (1986): 631–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2370631.

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We have studied a major product in the degradation of insulin by insulin proteinase (EC 3.4.22.11). Semisynthetic [[3H]PheB1]insulin and [[3H]GlyA1]insulin were used in the experiments. The structure of the fragment was deduced by observing the chromatographic and electrophoretic migration of the label both before and after further digestion of the fragment with proteinases of known specificity, with and without additional treatment by performic acid. Ambiguities were resolved by studying the behaviour of authentic fragments of known structure, isolated and characterized after digestion of int

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47

Khan, S. J., and H. S. Weinberg. "Characterisation of carbonyl byproducts of drinking water ozonation." Water Supply 7, no. 5-6 (2007): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2007.149.

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Ozone treatment of drinking waters has been applied for a range of purposes including taste and odour control, inactivation of protozoan parasites, degradation of cyanotoxins, ‘enhanced coagulation’, ‘enhanced biodegradation’ and oxidative degradation of recalcitrant organics. Molecular ozone reacts at unsaturated sites of natural organic matter (NOM) to produce smaller oxygenated molecules including carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids. The elucidation of the nature and precise identity of these ozonation by-products is hindered by two complicating factors. The

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48

Albanis, T. A., I. K. Konstantinou, and V. A. Sakkas. "Photocatalytic degradation of propanil and molinate over TiO2 suspensions." Water Supply 2, no. 5-6 (2002): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2002.0173.

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The light-induced degradation of propanil and molinate under simulated solar irradiation has been investigated in aqueous solutions containing TiO2 suspensions as photocatalysts. The study focuses on the identification of possible intermediate products and the determination of inorganic ions formed during the process, using several powerful analytical techniques such as gas chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) and ion chromatography (IC). The primary degradation of propanil and molinate has been a fast process with half-lives varying from 4.3 to 2.9 minutes respectively, and followed pseud

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Corvini, P. F. X., R. Vinken, G. Hommes, et al. "Microbial degradation of a single branched isomer of nonylphenol by Sphingomonas TTNP3." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 5 (2004): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0327.

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Abstract:

The endocrine disrupting chemical nonylphenol (NP) is a technical product which consists of a complex mixture of nonylphenols with different alkyl side-chain isomers. Since the bio-degradation of each NP isomer may lead to its own range of metabolites, the isolation and identification of transformation products is very difficult. In order to overcome this difficulty, the nonylphenol isomer 4(3′,5′-dimethyl-3′-heptyl)-phenol (p353NP) was synthesized, and its degradation by an axenic culture of Sphingomonas TTNP3 was investigated with [ring-U-14C]-labelled and non-labelled p353NP including a tim

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Yanaka, Ramulu, Hima Bindu Gandham, Chidananda Swamy Rumalla, Muralidharan Kaliyaperumal, Shaik John Saida, and Abhinav Reddy Jammula. "Isolation, Identification and Characterization of Gefitinib Novel Degradation Products by NMR and HRMS, Method Development and Validation by UPLC." Asian Journal of Chemistry 33, no. 8 (2021): 1743–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2021.23210.

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Abstract:

Gefitinib (GFT) sold under the brand name Iressa, is a medication used to treat certain type of breast, lung and other cancers, Gefitinib was subject to stress degradation under acidic, basic, peroxide mediated oxidation, photolytic and thermal degradation. The stress degradation was performed according to ICH guidelines Q1A(R2) and the drug was inert under thermal and photolytic conditions. One degradant is identified in acid hydrolysis referred as 7-methoxy-6-(3-morpholinopropoxy) quinazolin-4(3H)-one (GFT-DP1) and two degradants were formed in peroxide mediated hydrolysis referred as 4-(3-(

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