Academic literature on the topic 'Degree Day Method'
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Journal articles on the topic "Degree Day Method"
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Rango, A., and J. Martinec. "REVISITING THE DEGREE-DAY METHOD FOR SNOWMELT COMPUTATIONS." Journal of the American Water Resources Association 31, no. 4 (August 1995): 657–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1995.tb03392.x.
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Sha, Huajing, Peng Xu, Chonghe Hu, Zhiling Li, Yongbao Chen, and Zhe Chen. "A simplified HVAC energy prediction method based on degree-day." Sustainable Cities and Society 51 (November 2019): 101698. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2019.101698.
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Unver, Umit, Alper Kelesoglu, and Muhsin Kilic. "A novel method for prediction of gas turbine power production: Degree-day method." Thermal Science 22, Suppl. 3 (2018): 809–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci170915015u.
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Gas turbines are widely used in the energy production. The quantity of the operating machines requires a special attention for prediction of power production in the energy marketing sector. Thus, the aim of this paper is to support the sector by making the prediction of power production more computable. By using the data from an operating power plant, correlation and regression analysis are performed and linear equation obtained for calculating useful power production vs atmospheric air temperature and a novel method, the gas turbine degree day method, was developed. The method has been addressed for calculating the isolation related issues for buildings so far. But in this paper, it is utilized to predict the theoretical maximum power production of the gas turbines in various climates for the first time. The results indicated that the difference of annual energy production capacity between the best and the last province options was calculated to be 7500 MWh approximately.
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Kuru, Merve, and Gulben Calis. "Application of time series models for heating degree day forecasting." Organization, Technology and Management in Construction: an International Journal 12, no. 1 (April 27, 2020): 2137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/otmcj-2020-0009.
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AbstractThis study aims at constructing short-term forecast models by analyzing the patterns of the heating degree day (HDD). In this context, two different time series analyses, namely the decomposition and Box–Jenkins methods, were conducted. The monthly HDD data in France between 1974 and 2017 were used for analyses. The multiplicative model and 79 SARIMA models were constructed by the decomposition and Box–Jenkins method, respectively. The performance of the SARIMA models was assessed by the adjusted R2 value, residual sum of squares, the Akaike Information Criteria, the Schwarz Information Criteria, and the analysis of the residuals. Moreover, the mean absolute percentage error, mean absolute deviation, and mean squared deviation values were calculated to evaluate the performance of both methods. The results show that the decomposition method yields more acceptable forecasts than the Box–Jenkins method for supporting short-term forecasting of the HDD.
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Shen, Hung Tao, and Poojitha D. Yapa. "A unified degree-day method for river ice cover thickness simulation." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 12, no. 1 (March 1, 1985): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l85-006.
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A unified degree-day method for simulating the thermal growth, decay, and breakup of river ice covers is developed and applied to ice covers in the St. Lawrence River between Lake Ontario and Cornwall, Ontario. In the simulation model, the variation of the ice cover thickness is related to the ambient air temperature by the formula[Formula: see text]in which h = ice cover thickness; h0 = initial ice cover thickness; S = degree-days of freezing since the formation of the ice cover; t = number of days since the formation of the initial ice cover; and α, β, θ = empirical coefficients. Key words: breakup, degree-day method, ice cover thickness, river, simulation, St. Lawrence River.
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Liu, Yi Min, and Dan Yu. "The Study on the Calculation Method of Energy Savings of Heating System in China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 291-294 (February 2013): 1128–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.291-294.1128.
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This paper mainly describes energy savings calculation methods of system. The method of heating degree day method for quantifying energy savings is presented. Combined with some actual projects, the application of some energy savings calculation methods was discussed and analyzed. The method of heating degree day found to be an efficient method of calculating energy savings on heating system. The heating heating degree day method can be set up rapidly and is useful for energy saving measurements.
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Unigarro, Carlos Andres, Leidy Natalia Bermudez Florez, Rubén Darío Medina, Alvaro Jaramillo, and Claudia Patricia Flórez. "Evaluation of four degree-day estimation methods in eight Colombian coffee-growing areas." Agronomía Colombiana 35, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v35n3.65221.
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Methods to estimate the accumulation of degree-days based on maximum and minimum temperaturesare are commonly used to determine relationships or to adjust phenological models based on the "physiological time". Degree-days are obtained indirectly by these methods, this information is not generally available on hourly or shorter time scales due to the type of equipment used to record data or a data loss in historical time series. To compare the performance of such methods, degree-days were estimated with four indirect methods in eight Colombian locations during 1 year. Each indirect method was evaluated in comparison to the numerical integration method by the trapezoidal rule (reference method) using temperatures recorded every 5 min. Based on the percent bias error, the methods proposed by Arnold, Ometto and Snyder tend to overestimate thermal time, whereas the Villa-Nova method underestimates this time, but with a lower performance as regards to the previous ones.
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He, Z. H., J. Parajka, F. Q. Tian, and G. Blöschl. "Estimating degree-day factors from MODIS for snowmelt runoff modeling." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 12 (December 3, 2014): 4773–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4773-2014.
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Abstract. Degree-day factors are widely used to estimate snowmelt runoff in operational hydrological models. Usually, they are calibrated on observed runoff, and sometimes on satellite snow cover data. In this paper, we propose a new method for estimating the snowmelt degree-day factor (DDFS) directly from MODIS snow covered area (SCA) and ground-based snow depth data without calibration. Subcatchment snow volume is estimated by combining SCA and snow depths. Snow density is estimated to be the ratio between observed precipitation and changes in the snow volume for days with snow accumulation. Finally, DDFS values are estimated to be the ratio between changes in the snow water equivalent and difference between the daily temperature and the melt threshold value for days with snow melt. We compare simulations of basin runoff and snow cover patterns using spatially variable DDFS estimated from snow data with those using spatially uniform DDFS calibrated on runoff. The runoff performances using estimated DDFS are slightly improved, and the simulated snow cover patterns are significantly more plausible. The new method may help reduce some of the runoff model parameter uncertainty by reducing the total number of calibration parameters. This method is applied to the Lienz catchment in East Tyrol, Austria, which covers an area of 1198 km2. Approximately 70% of the basin is covered by snow in the early spring season.
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He, Z. H., J. Parajka, F. Q. Tian, and G. Blöschl. "Estimating degree day factors from MODIS for snowmelt runoff modeling." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 11, no. 7 (July 25, 2014): 8697–735. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-8697-2014.
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Abstract. Degree-day factors are widely used to estimate snowmelt runoff in operational hydrological models. Usually, they are calibrated on observed runoff, and sometimes on satellite snow cover data. In this paper, we propose a new method for estimating the snowmelt degree-day factor (DDFS) directly from MODIS snow covered area (SCA) and ground based snow depth data without calibration. Subcatchment snow volume is estimated by combining SCA and snow depths. Snow density is estimated as the ratio of observed precipitation and changes in the snow volume for days with snow accumulation. Finally, DDFS values are estimated as the ratio of changes in the snow water equivalent and degree-day temperatures for days with snow melt. We compare simulations of basin runoff and snow cover patterns using spatially variable DDFS estimated from snow data with those using spatially uniform DDFS calibrated on runoff. The runoff performances using estimated DDFS are slightly improved, and the simulated snow cover patterns are significantly more plausible. The new method may help reduce some of the runoff model parameter uncertainty by reducing the total number of calibration parameters.
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Krese, Gorazd, Matjaž Prek, and Vincenc Butala. "Analysis of Building Electric Energy Consumption Data Using an Improved Cooling Degree Day Method." Strojniški vestnik – Journal of Mechanical Engineering 58, no. 2 (February 15, 2012): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5545/sv-jme.2011.160.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Degree Day Method"
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Boampong, James Kwadwo. "Solar thermal heating of a glasshouse using phase change material (PCM) thermal storage techniques." Thesis, Brunel University, 2015. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/12863.
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The Royal Botanic Gardens (RGB) is used as an umbrella name for the institution that runs Kew and Wakehurst Place gardens in Sussex The RBG has a large number of glasshouses at Kew and Wakehurst sites that consume lots of heating energy which is a major concern and the group is looking for an alternative heating system that will be more efficient and sustainable to save energy, cost and reduce CO2 emissions. Glasshouse due to greenhouse effect trap solar energy in the space with the slightest solar gains but the energy trapped in the space most often is vented through the roof wasted to keep the space temperature to the required level. An environmental measurement was carried out in twenty one zones of the glasshouse to establish the temperature and humidity profiles in the zones for at least three weeks. The investigation established that large amount of heat energy is vented to the atmosphere wasted and therefore need a heating system that could absorb and store the waste thermal energy. Phase change material (PCM) thermal energy storage technique was selected to be the best options compared to the others. It has been established that active and passive solar systems could provide enough thermal energy to meet the glasshouse heating requirements. PCM filled heating pipes will be installed to absorb the heat energy trapped in the glasshouse and use it when needed. The research analysis established that 204 MWh of the trapped energy wasted could be saved. The space temperature of the glasshouse could be maintained through melting and freezing of the PCM filled in the heating pipes. The site CHP waste heat could be useful. The research results have shown that nearly zero CO2 emission heating system could be achieved and the project is technically, economically and environmentally viable.
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Leuci, Riccardo Sergio. "Modellazione numerica semi-distribuita del comportamento idrologico del Lago di Monate (VA)." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
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Il Lago di Monate è una risorsa ambientale di inestimabile valore. La comprensione del comportamento idrologico del bacino del Lago è di fondamentale importanza per garantirne un’adeguata tutela. La modellazione idrologica numerico-matematica, sviluppata in questo elaborato, si fonda su un’attenta gestione ed elaborazione dei dati meteorologici disponibili. Il bilancio idrologico, condotto tramite modello afflussi-deflussi HyMOD opportunamente modificato, fa riferimento ai dati relativi ai primi tre anni di monitoraggio idrologico e ambientale a cui è soggetto il bacino stesso (2014-16). Dopo aver calibrato e validato il modello, tramite differenti simulazioni del livello idrico del Lago a scala temporale giornaliera, vengono indagate le prestazioni del modello stesso e l’attendibilità dei dati di monitoraggio. Attraverso procedure analoghe è stata condotta anche un’analisi idrologica del bacino imbrifero che alimenta il laghetto della vicina Cava Faraona, per meglio comprendere se l’attività di coltivazione dei calcari nummulitici in corso presso la cava possa alterare il bilancio idrologico del Lago di Monate. Infine, il presente elaborato indaga il processo di scioglimento nivale: l’analisi, condotta tramite il Degree-Day Method e validata tramite immagini satellitari di copertura nevosa, ha messo in risalto che per descrivere accuratamente il processo per bacini di laghi prealpini potrebbero essere necessari modelli più articolati, che possano rappresentare con maggior dettaglio le caratteristiche meteoclimatiche salienti della zona di interesse.
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Kulhanek, Ashley Lynn. "User-Friendly Methods for Timing Integrated Pest Management Strategies: An Analysis of Degree-Day Models and Biological Calendars." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1259690152.
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Fredhav, Dennis, and Sjöstrand Carl Andreas Briggert. "Beräkning av värmeenergiförluster i flerbostadshus genom analys av den totala fjärrvärmeenergianvändningen :." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för teknik, TEK, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-20215.
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This thesis has been carried out on behalf of IV Produkt AB and intends to set an average ratio of thermal energy losses in apartment buildings that were built during the 1960-1990. This shall be derived by analyzing the total district energy consumption that has been divided into three parts: heat energy losses (the actual heating requirements), the heating of domestic hot water and heating energy consumption for the controlled ventilation. Three different residential areas that were built during the years 1962-1966 and one that was built in 1993 has been analyzed. All residential areas are located in Växjö urban and contains between four and six apartment buildings. The analyzed objects have a mechanical exhaust ventilation systems and district heating as the heating method. No own laboratory work or experiments have been done in this thesis, the calculations have been done on the basis of parameters from VEAB, interviews with property managers, and literature studies. By calculations, we have got a result that is reported in Chapter 6. The result is given as a thermal energy loss as a percentage of the total heat consumption. In this thesis there has also been a review of the rules on requirements for the specific energy consumptions in buildings, indoor environment and indoor temperature from the National Board of Housing and the National Board of Health and Welfare.
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Fortes, Carmen Beatriz Borges. "Caracterização e propriedades das resinas acrílicas de uso odontológico : um enfoque voltado para a biossegurança." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/11014.
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O Brasil, à semelhança de outros países, está envelhecendo rapidamente. Os indivíduos com mais de 60 anos compõem hoje o segmento que mais cresce em termos proporcionais, mostrando um incremento da ordem de 500%, em 40 anos. A estimativa para o ano de 2020 é de que o Brasil tenha em torno de 32 milhões de indivíduos idosos, e desta população, uma parcela significativa será parcial ou totalmente desdentada, necessitando de aparelhos protéticos. Apesar da Odontologia apresentar avanços científicos notáveis na reabilitação da saúde bucal, muitos ainda usarão estes aparelhos. Sabe-se que o uso contínuo de próteses pode propiciar o desenvolvimento da estomatite protética, cuja etiologia é multifatorial, destacando-se principalmente a má higiene bucal e da prótese, e geralmente associada à presença de Candida albicans. Desta forma, há necessidade de se propor um método de desinfecção, que se mostre eficaz, que seja seguro quanto à toxicidade, que represente baixo risco ocupacional, que seja de fácil manuseio e que não interfira nas propriedades dos materiais utilizados na confecção destes aparelhos. Portanto, a proposição deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de dois métodos de desinfecção, nas propriedades das resinas acrílicas empregadas na confecção das próteses.As propriedades avaliadas foram: resistência e módulo de flexão, resistência ao impacto Izod, microdureza Knoop, rugosidade, massa específica e grau de inchamento, grau de conversão do monômero, temperatura de transição vítrea, sorção e solubilidade. Os corpos de prova foram confeccionados de acordo com os requisitos de cada ensaio, tanto para os grupos controle (sem tratamento), quanto para os tratados (submetidos a um dos processos de desinfecção). Os tratamentos de desinfecção consistiram de: a) irradiação com energia de microondas na potência de 840 W, durante 1 minuto; b) imersão em ácido peracético durante 5 minutos. A eficácia da desinfecção foi avaliada através de ensaios microbiológicos que consistiram em verificar o crescimento no meio de cultura e na superfície do corpo de prova de Candida albicans, após a desinfecção dos corpos de prova, previamente contaminados com uma cepa conhecida do fungo (ATCC 10231). Como as resinas acrílicas são materiais muito utilizados em todas as áreas de atuação da Odontologia, o conhecimento das suas propriedades é de interesse do cirurgião-dentista. As resinas acrílicas tipo 1 (de termopolimerização), tipo 2 (quimicamente ativada) e tipo 5 (ativada por microondas) foram avaliadas neste trabalho. Os resultados mostraram que as resinas acrílicas tipo 1 e tipo 5 apresentam valores semelhantes em todas as propriedades analisadas. A resina acrílica tipo 2 apresentou valores inferiores àqueles encontrados nas tipo 1 e 5. O ciclo de polimerização com melhores resultados foi aquele proposto pelo respectivo fabricante daresina acrílica. A presença de fibras de nylon e de corante não influenciou as propriedades da resina acrílica tipo 5. Das técnicas de desinfecção, a imersão em ácido peracético apresentou os melhores resultados para todas as propriedades avaliadas ao longo do tempo de 20 meses. Por outro lado a irradiação de microondas, a longo prazo, apresentou os piores resultados para todas as propriedades avaliadas. Ambas as técnicas de desinfecção foram eficazes do ponto de vista microbiológico. Mas, para o uso prolongado, a técnica de desinfecção com ácido peracético pode ser recomendada com toda a segurança, no que diz respeito às propriedades avaliadas neste trabalho.Brazil, similar to other countries, is aging quickly. The individuals with more than 60 years old compose today the segment that more grows in proportional terms, showing an increment of about 500% in 40 years. The estimate for 2020 is that Brazil has around 32 million elderly and a significant parcel of them will be partial or totally toothless, needing prosthetic equipments. In spite of notable scientific advance in the rehabilitation of the oral health, many people still will use these equipments. The continuous use of the prosthesis can propitiate the development of denture stomatitis, whose etiology is multifactorial, being generally, associated to the presence of fungus Candida albicans. Bad oral hygiene and prosthesis is still distinguished as factor of risk. Therefore, it very necessary for the elderly a efficient, safe and easy handling method of disinfection with low occupational risk and that doesn’t intervene with the properties of the materials used in the confection of these prosthetic equipments. The aim of this work is to evaluate the influence of two disinfection methods on the properties of acrylic resin used in the confection of dental prosthesis. Samples had been confectioned in accordance with the requirements of each test for the control groups (without treatment), as for the treated (submitted to one of the disinfection process). The evaluated properties had been resistance and module of flexure, Izod impact, Knoop microhardness, rugosity, specific mass and degree of swelling, degree of conversion of monomer, glass transition temperature, sorption and solubility. The treatments of disinfection had consisted of: a) irradiation with energy of microwaves, in the power of 840 W, during 1 min, or b) immersion in peracetic acid during 5 min. The effectiveness of the disinfection was evaluated by means of microbiological tests, in which was verified the occurrence of growth of Candida albicans through of culture and sample surface. For that, the samples were previously contaminated with one type of fungus (known as ATCC 10231) and, after, submitted to one of the two considered processes of disinfection. The work was studied the behavior of three commercial acrylic resins of dental use: acrylic resins of thermal polymerization, self-polymerization and polymerization for energy of microwaves (type 1, 2 and 5 respectively) from two different suppliers The results had shown that the acrylic resins of type 1 and type 5 presented similar values in all the analyzed properties. The acrylic resins of type 2 had also similar values in all the properties, but statistically lower than ones of type 1 and 5. The best polymerization cycle, which did not modify the resin properties, was that one considered by the respective manufacturer of the acrylic resin. The nylon fiber presence and colouring did not influence the properties of the acrylic resin of type 5. The first irradiation with microwaves significantlyincreased the evaluated properties and the first immersion in peracetic acid did not modify these properties, in comparison to the control groups. After 20 months, the immersion in peracetic acid did not modify the properties of the material, while the microwave irradiation showed alterations in some properties. Both disinfection techniques had been efficient of the microbiological point of view. On the basis of these results, can be concluded that the microwave irradiation after the polymerization of the material (first cycle), can be recommended, since it increased all the values of the evaluated properties, specially to the conversion degree monomer/polymer. Nevertheless, for prolonged use, the disinfection by means of the immersion in peracetic acid must be recommended, it is efficient for elimination of fungal microorganism and security, characterized for the maintenance of the properties of the acrylic resin evaluated in this work.
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Vendramin, Aurea Lúcia. "Método graus dia para avaliação do desempenho energético de uma edificação unifamiliar em diferentes condições climáticas." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2007. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/212.
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Previous issue date: 2007-07-12The necessity of the application of climatic data for evaluation of energy performance in unifamiliares constructions if has become each more important time. Attempting against for this fact, one becomes necessary that these 0 variable are worked of form if to get resulted efficient. Studies in this area are very recent in Brazil and also exist a difficulty in the survey of the necessary registers. The present work used a method of degrees - days for an evaluation of the energy performance of a unifamiliar construction it showed - that in the conception of a project architectural it always must be taken in consideration of the materials used in the construction and size of the openings. The energy performance was gotten by means of the model of degrees - days, considering - the localization of the unifamiliar residence in, cities of Cascavel, Curitiba, Foz do Iguaçu and Londrina. For this the climatic data of such localities had been gotten and at as a moment, the energy performance of the construction was gotten the total coefficient of loss of heat in the unifamiliar construction daily pay-established evaluating thus the conditions of thermal comfort. The method of estimate based on the information of used temperature of air in this study can be applied to other geographic localities. It observed - that degrees - days of heating in the winter are of 77.78 for Curitiba and 0.00 for Foz do Iguaçu in the temperature base of 14°C. E degrees - days of cooling 30,17 in the winter. The energy consumed in Foz do Iguaçu to heat the residence is of 4650.07 kWh annual and the consumption of annual energy to heat the residence in Curitiba is of 6277.02 kWh, to change of 50% ITA in double glass.
A necessidade da aplicação de dados climáticos para avaliação de desempenho energético em edificações unifamiliares tem se tornado cada vez mais importante. Atentando para esse fato, é necessário que essas variáveis sejam trabalhadas de forma a se obter resultados eficazes. Estudos na área são muito recentes no Brasil e existe também uma dificuldade no levantamento dos registros necessários. O presente trabalho utilizou um método de graus dias para uma avaliação do desempenho energético de uma edificação unifamiliar que mostrou que na concepção de um projeto arquitetônico devem ser sempre considerados os materiais empregados na edificação e o tamanho das aberturas. O desempenho energético foi obtido por meio do modelo de graus dias, considerando se a localização da residência unifamiliar nas cidades de Cascavel, Curitiba, Foz do Iguaçu e Londrina. Para isso foram obtidos os dados climáticos dessas localidades e, em um segundo momento, foi obtido o coeficiente total de perda de calor na edificação unifamiliar pré-estabelecida avaliando-se assim as condições de conforto térmico o desempenho energético da edificação. O método de estimativa baseado nas informações de temperatura do ar usado neste estudo pode ser aplicado a outras localidades geográficas. Observou se que graus dias de aquecimento no inverno são de 77,78 para Curitiba e de 0,00 para Foz do Iguaçu na temperatura base de 14°C. E graus dias de resfriamento 30,17 no inverno. A energia consumida em Foz do Iguaçu para aquecer a residência é de 4650.07 kWh anual e o consumo de energia anual para aquecer a residência em Curitiba é de 6277.02 kWh, para trocas de 50% de ITA em vidros duplos.
Books on the topic "Degree Day Method"
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Gray, Andrew C. Orthopaedic approach to the multiply injured patient. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199550647.003.012003.
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♦ Major trauma results in a systemic stress response proportional to both the degree of initial injury (1st hit) and the subsequent surgical treatment (2nd hit).♦ The key physiological processes of hypoxia, hypovolaemia, metabolic acidosis, fat embolism, coagulation and inflammation operate in synergy during the days after injury/surgery and their effective management determines prognosis.♦ The optimal timing and method of long bone fracture fixation after major trauma remains controversial. Two divergent views exist between definitive early intramedullary fixation and initial external fixation with delayed conversion to an intramedullary nail once the patient’s condition has been better stabilised.♦ There is agreement that the initial skeletal stabilisation should not be delayed and that the degree of initial injury has a more direct correlation with outcome and the development of subsequent systemic complications rather than the method of long bone fracture stabilisation.♦ Trauma patients can be screened to identify those more ‘at risk’ of developing systemic complications such as respiratory insufficiency. Specific risk factors include: A high injury severity score; the presence of a femoral fracture; the combination of blunt abdominal or thoracic injury combined with an extremity fracture; physiological compromise on admission and uncorrected metabolic acidosis prior to surgery.♦ The serum concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL) 6 may offer an accurate method of quantifying the degree of initial injury and the response to surgery.♦ The effective management of the polytraumatised patient involves a team approach and effective communication with allied specialties and theatre staff. A proper hierarchy of the injuries sustained can then be compiled and an effective surgical strategy made.
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Anno, Mariko. Piercing the Structure of Tradition. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781939161079.001.0001.
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What does freedom sound like in the context of traditional Japanese theater? Where is the space for innovation, and where can this kind of innovation be located in the rigid instrumentation of the Noh drama? This book investigates flute performance as a space to explore the relationship between tradition and innovation. This first English-language monograph traces the characteristics of the Noh flute (nohkan), its music, and transmission methods and considers the instrument's potential for development in the modern world. The book examines the musical structure and nohkan melodic patterns of five traditional Noh plays and assesses the degree to which Issō School nohkan players maintain to this day the continuity of their musical traditions in three contemporary Noh plays influenced by William Butler Yeats. The book's ethnographic approach draws on interviews with performers and case studies, as well as the author's personal reflection as a nohkan performer and disciple under the tutelage of Noh masters. The book argues that traditions of musical style and usage remain influential in shaping contemporary Noh composition and performance practice, and the existing freedom within fixed patterns can be understood through a firm foundation in Noh tradition.
Book chapters on the topic "Degree Day Method"
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Unver, Umit, and Muhsin Kılıc. "Performance Estimation of Gas Turbine System via Degree-Day Method." In Progress in Exergy, Energy, and the Environment, 553–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04681-5_51.
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Quenum, Gandome Mayeul L. D., Nana A. B. Klutse, Eric A. Alamou, Emmanuel A. Lawin, and Philip G. Oguntunde. "Precipitation Variability in West Africa in the Context of Global Warming and Adaptation Recommendations." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1533–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_85.
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AbstractIt is commonly accepted that the Earth’s climate is changing and will continue to change in the future. Rising temperatures are one of the direct indicators of global climate change. To investigate how the rising global temperature will affect the spatial pattern of rainfall in West Africa, the precipitation and potential evapotranspiration variables from ten Global Climate Models (GCMs) under the RCP8.5 scenario were driven by the Rossby Centre regional atmospheric model (RCA4) from the COordinated Regional Climate Downscaling EXperiment (CORDEX) and analyzed at four specific global warming levels (GWLs) (i.e., 1.5 °C, 2.0 °C, 2.5 °C, and 3.0 °C) above the preindustrial level. This study utilized three indices, the precipitation concentration index (PCI), the precipitation concentration degree (PCD), and the precipitation concentration period (PCP) over West Africa to explore the spatiotemporal variations in the characteristics of precipitation concentrations. Besides, the analysis of the effect of the specified GWLs on the Consecutive Dry Days (CDD), Consecutive Wet Days (CWD), and frequency of the intense rainfall events allowed to a better understanding of the spatial and temporal patterns of extreme precipitation in West Africa. Results reveal that, for the projections simulations and at each GWL, the rainfall onset starts one month earlier in the Gulf of Guinea in response to the control period. To encourage adaptation to the various changes in climate in general, and particularly in respect of rainfall, this study proposes several adaptation methods that can be implemented at the local (country) level, as well as some mitigation and adaptation strategies at the regional (West African) level.
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Kayastha, Rijan B., Yutaka Ageta, and Koji Fujita. "Use of Positive Degree-Day Methods for Calculating Snow and Ice Melting and Discharge in Glacierized Basins in the Langtang Valley, Central Nepal." In Climate and Hydrology in Mountain Areas, 5–14. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470858249.ch2.
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Morgan, Lynette. "Greenhouse produce quality and assessment." In Hydroponics and protected cultivation: a practical guide, 246–67. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789244830.0246.
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Abstract 'Quality' of greenhouse and hydroponic produce implies suitability for a particular purpose or the degree to which certain set standards are met. Aspects of produce quality may encompass sensory properties (appearance, texture, taste and aroma), nutritive values, chemical constituents, mechanical properties, functional properties and defects. Quality standards and testing methods have been developed for most commercial crops to help ensure consumers receive produce of a suitable standard. These quality standards can range from basic grading for removal of damaged produce and for size, shape, weight and overall appearance, to analytical testing for compositional factors such as acidity, volatiles, dry matter, starch and sugars, toxins, vitamins and minerals, and others. This chapter discusses the components of crop quality, quality improvement, cultural practices to improve greenhouse produce quality (nutrient solution electrical conductivity levels, salinity and deficit irrigation), environmental conditions (including light and temperature) affecting quality of greenhouse crops, role of genetics in the quality of greenhouse-grown produce, microbial quality and food safety. Different quality testing and grading methods are described such as colour analysis, total soluble solids (Brix) testing, sensory evaluation of compositional quality, volatiles testing (aroma), texture and firmness quality assessment.
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Morgan, Lynette. "Greenhouse produce quality and assessment." In Hydroponics and protected cultivation: a practical guide, 246–67. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789244830.0013.
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Abstract 'Quality' of greenhouse and hydroponic produce implies suitability for a particular purpose or the degree to which certain set standards are met. Aspects of produce quality may encompass sensory properties (appearance, texture, taste and aroma), nutritive values, chemical constituents, mechanical properties, functional properties and defects. Quality standards and testing methods have been developed for most commercial crops to help ensure consumers receive produce of a suitable standard. These quality standards can range from basic grading for removal of damaged produce and for size, shape, weight and overall appearance, to analytical testing for compositional factors such as acidity, volatiles, dry matter, starch and sugars, toxins, vitamins and minerals, and others. This chapter discusses the components of crop quality, quality improvement, cultural practices to improve greenhouse produce quality (nutrient solution electrical conductivity levels, salinity and deficit irrigation), environmental conditions (including light and temperature) affecting quality of greenhouse crops, role of genetics in the quality of greenhouse-grown produce, microbial quality and food safety. Different quality testing and grading methods are described such as colour analysis, total soluble solids (Brix) testing, sensory evaluation of compositional quality, volatiles testing (aroma), texture and firmness quality assessment.
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Weinbren, Dan. "A university without walls." In Degrees of Freedom, 51–70. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447353065.003.0006.
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Dan Weinbren provides an authoritative historical account of the development of prisoner education at The Open University. Drawing on internal archives and wider historical contexts, Weinbren presents the complex narratives that shape our understandings of higher education and The OU’s efforts to fulfil its mission statement to be ‘open to people, ideas, methods and places’.
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Usoof, Hakim, Brian Hudson, and Eva Lindgren. "Plagiarism." In Cases on Professional Distance Education Degree Programs and Practices, 49–85. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4486-1.ch003.
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Plagiarism has gained much public attention with media, corporations, and researchers leading the way. The general public’s perception is that plagiarism is a “plague” spreading without control within our educational institutes. Furthermore, a social perception has been created that the Internet is the “catalyst” of modern-day plagiarism. This chapter explores the domain of plagiarism, taking into consideration some definitions of plagiarism, the recent history, the cultural context, the view of students and teachers, and the situation in Distance Education. The chapter goes on to discuss the actual catalysts of plagiarism and methods used to detect plagiarism. Finally, the chapter forwards some good practices that may help prevent and act as deterrents of plagiarism and addresses challenges faced in tackling the problem of plagiarism.
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Bogatko, Alyona, and Vasil Lyasota. "ASSESSMENT OF SAFETY AND FAT QUALITY OF BIRDS ‘CARCASES DURING THEIR PRODUCTION AND STORAGE ACCORDING TO DEVELOPED METHODS." In Priority areas for development of scientific research: domestic and foreign experience. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-049-0-41.
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The urgency of the work is the need to establish criteria for assessing the safety and quality of poultry meat at facilities for its production and storage, due to the development of new express and improved common methods of controlling the safety and quality of poultry meat for risks (biological, chemical, physical) their life cycle. Studies have assessed the safety and quality of poultry carcasses using new and improved methods for determining the acid and peroxide levels of fat compared to conventional methods for determining the degree of freshness of poultry meat. Organoleptic evaluation of fresh poultry meat was established – for storage in a refrigerated chamber at a temperature of 0−4 °С for 5 days; doubtful degree of freshness – birds for storage in a refrigerator at a temperature of 0−4 °C for 6–7 days; stale – for storage in a refrigerator at a temperature of 0−4 °C for more than 7 days on the appearance of the carcass, color, odor on the surface of the carcass and near the bones, the state of the thoracic cavity, subcutaneous and internal adipose tissue, muscle consistency, broth for cooking samples. There is a high probability of acid number of poultry fat of moderate freshness – 1.76±0.12 mg of NaOH (p≤0.001) and stale fat – 2.83±0.07 mg of NaOH (p≤0.001) compared to the acid number of fresh fat poultry (0.72±0.04 mg NaOH), as well as indicators of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in poultry meat of moderate degree of freshness – 6.62±0.43 mg KOH (p≤0.001) and stale fat – 11.05±0.37 mg KOH (p≤0.001) compared to the content of VFA of fresh poultry meat (2.61±0.24 mg KOH). Studies have established a high reliability of determining the indicators of volatile fatty acids in poultry meat – in 98.2–99.7 % and the results of studies on the indicators of the microscopic method for determining the number of bacteria in poultry meat – in 98.5–99.8 % compared to the acid number as determined by the developed method. The reliability of the indicators for determining the acid number of poultry fat was according to the developed method was 99.9 %. Therefore, the developed method for determining the acid number of poultry fat can be used to determine the quality of poultry meat, because the quality of meat depends on the quality of fat: the acid number of fresh poultry fat – up to 1.0 mg of NaOH; questionable degree of freshness – from 1.1 to 2.5 mg of NaOH; stale – more than 2.5 mg of NaOH. There is a high probability of peroxide content of poultry fat of the appropriate degree of freshness – 0.029 ± 0.002% J (p≤0.001) and stale fat – 0.063±0.003 % J (p≤0.001) compared to the peroxide value of fresh poultry fat (0.010±0.0007 % J), as well as indicators of volatile fatty acids (LFA) in poultry meat of moderate degree of freshness – 6.40±0.48 mg KOH (p≤0.001) and stale fat – 10.43±0.23 mg KOH (p≤0,001) compared to the VFA content of fresh poultry meat (2.58±0.23 mg KOH). The results showed that more reliable data compared to the results of studies for the determination of volatile fatty acids in poultry meat – 98.5–99.7 % and the results of studies on the indicators of the microscopic method for determining the number of bacteria in poultry meat – 99.0–99.6 % were obtained using the developed improved method. The reliability of the indicators for determining the peroxide value of poultry fat according to the developed improved method was 99.9 %. Therefore, the developed improved method for determining the peroxide value of poultry fat can be used to determine the quality of poultry meat, because the quality of meat depends on the quality of fat: peroxide value of fresh poultry fat – up to 0.010 % iodine of questionable degree of freshness – from 0.010 to 0.040 % iodine; stale – more than 0.040% iodine. The developed methods for determining the safety and quality of poultry carcass fat can be used by state veterinary inspectors as simple test methods to carry out appropriate state risk-based control of poultry meat production and storage facilities.
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van den Dool, Huug. "Conclusion." In Empirical Methods in Short-Term Climate Prediction. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199202782.003.0017.
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In this book we have reviewed empirical methods in short-term climate prediction. We devoted a whole chapter to the design of two of these methods, Empirical Wave Propagation (EWP, Chapter 3) and Constructed Analogue (CA Chapter 7). Other methods of empirical prediction were listed in Chapter 8, with brief descriptions and examples and references. One chapter is devoted to EOFs, as such a diagnostic topic, but widely used in both prediction and diagnostics, and thoroughly debated for a few decades. Two brief chapters, written in support of the subsequent chapter, Teleconnections (Chapter 4), should make the discussion on EOFs more interesting, and the topic of effective degrees of freedom (Chapter 6) is indispensable when one wants to understand why and when natural analogues would work (or not), or how an analogue is constructed, or how any method using truncation works. Most chapters can be read largely in isolation, but connections can be made of course between chapters. EWP is claimed to be useful, if not essential, in understanding teleconnections. Dispersion experiments, featuring day-by-day time-scales, link the CA and EWP methods. Examples of El Nino boreal winter behavior can be found in (a) the examples of EOFs on global SST and 500 mb streamfunction (Chapter 5), (b) specification of surface weather from 500 mb streamfunction (Chapter 7), and (c) the ENSO correlation and compositing approach (Chapter 8). The noble pursuit of knowledge may have been as important in the choice of some material as any immediate prediction application. Chapter 9 is different, less research oriented, and more an eyewitness description of what goes on in the making of a seasonal prediction. This eyewitness account style spills over into Chapter 8 here and there, because in order to understand why certain methods have survived to this day some practicalities have to be understood. The closeness to real-time prediction throughout the book creates a sense of application. However, the application in this book does not go beyond the making of the forecast itself; we completely shied away from such topics as a cost/benefit analysis or decision-making process by, for example, a climate sensitive potato farmer or reservoir operator.
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Smith, Peter Scharff. "Solitary Confinement—Effects and Practices from the Nineteenth Century until Today." In Solitary Confinement, 21–42. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190947927.003.0002.
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This chapter traces the history of solitary confinement practices and their effects in prisons and places of detention from the rise of the modern penitentiary in the United States and Europe during the nineteenth century and up until present day, examining methods used in different countries around the world. It discusses how various forms of isolation have been employed for very different purposes and demonstrates how the effects of solitary confinement have been discovered in different contexts during the last two centuries. Nevertheless, these effects have been forgotten or neglected at several important junctures during the history of imprisonment. Today, few doubt that solitary confinement often has powerful consequences for the mind and body of prisoners, but the degree to which lawmakers and prison administrators acknowledge this varies greatly.
Conference papers on the topic "Degree Day Method"
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Wee, Jinyong, Tariq Rahman, William G. Mackenzie, Robert Akins, David Levine, Dean W. Richardson, George R. Dodge, and Rahamim Seliktar. "Optimizing Limb Lengthening Using an Autodistractor and Force Measurement." In ASME 2008 9th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2008-59448.
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The procedure of limb lengthening is a common method for correcting limb length inequality. The lengthening procedure, however, can result in serious complications such as premature consolidation of bone and soft-tissue contractures. To avoid adverse effects, it is important to determine the safe limits of the lengthening procedure in terms of forces applied, rate of distraction, overall length added and effects of the procedure on associated tissue. In this study, we investigate the relationship between distraction speed and callus formation in the fracture gap and how this affects the distraction resisting force (DRF) and muscle adaptation. A new distraction system was designed to continuously measure the DRF during tibial lengthening using a unilateral fixator. Measurements were made in 2 sheep for 51 days and 38 days respectively. The first sheep acquired 5cm (25% of its original length) of new bone with various rates of distraction. The second sheep acquired 3.8cm (15% of its original length) of new bone with 1mm/day fixed rate of distraction. During the lengthening procedure, the DRF steadily increased as the callus was being formed in the distraction gap. In sheep1 the lengthening rate was increased from 1mm/day to 1.25mm/day at the lengthening day 36 to manage what was interpreted to be signs of early premature consolidation. The DRF decreased to 310N from 400N at the lengthening day 43. Radiographs taken at day 43 showed separation in the callus. During the 1.25mm/day lengthening the sheep lost ankle joint movement completely. The major muscles, long digital extensor (LDE), cranial tibial (CT), gastrocnemius and deep digital flexor (DDF) were collected from the operated and non-operated hind limbs. The result showed that LDE and CT were damaged while gastrocnemius and DDF were intact. In sheep2, the distraction rate was maintained at 1mm/day and it showed a similar increase of DRF up to 550N at the end of distraction (lengthening day 38). There was no visible joint restriction observed. None of the four muscles collected showed signs of the profound tissue damage noted in sheep1. Comparison of the DRF profile with radiological interpretation confirmed that the degree of callus formation was appropriate at DRF of 300 ∼ 500N. Additionally the ability of the muscle to adapt to the given length could be affected by the time when the rate was changed. Additional studies are underway to determine the optimal regimen including appropriate rates and forces.
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Cohen Zilka, Gila. "Awareness of eSafety and Potential Online Dangers among Children and Teenagers." In InSITE 2017: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Vietnam. Informing Science Institute, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3683.
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Aim/Purpose: Awareness of eSafety and potential online dangers for children and teenagers. Background: The study examined eSafety among children and teenagers from their own perspectives, through evaluations of their awareness level of eSafety and of potential online dangers. Methodology: This is a mixed-method study with both quantitative and qualitative elements. The study includes questionnaires and interviews. A total of 345 participants from Israel completed questionnaires; 90 children and teenagers were interviewed from among the participants. Contribution: The study examined eSafety among children and teenagers from their own perspectives, through evaluations of their awareness level of eSafety; potential online dangers; level of privacy online; the degree to which using the Internet facilitates their day-to-day life; exposure to positive, useful, enriching and productive content online; exposure to violent content; the degree to which they communicate or refrain from communicating with strangers online; the degree to which participants feel they require tools to cope with online dangers; the degree to which they define themselves as cautious and prudent Internet users; how they feel online dangers may be avoided – all while accounting for differences in gender, age, and socio-demographic background. Findings: Our findings show that the children and teenagers who participated in the study reported a high level of awareness. After computing a general variable expressing participants’ eSafety awareness level by averaging their responses to various statements, the study found that participants’ awareness level is medium-high. Issues that participants were concerned about included avoiding contact with strangers and cyberbullying, not necessarily by strangers, but also by friends. Recommendations for Practitioners: It is important to teach safe practices for Internet use and ways of coping with cyberbullying in order to maximize the potential inherent in the use of the Internet, and to avoid exposure to online dangers. Recommendation for Researchers: The study examined eSafety awareness by assessing and questioning children and teenage participants regarding their eSafety awareness level, as well as which aspects of Internet use they regard as either positive or negative. The study recommend incorporating in future studies, individual case studies and allowing participants to express how they perceive complex online situations. Impact on Society: This study illustrates the dual potential of Internet use within the context of eSafety, as seen through the eyes of children and teenagers. Future Research: Future studies should analyze differences between children, teenagers, and young adults (up to the age of 24), for the purpose of characterizing eSafety awareness and the effects of abiding by eSafety practices over the years, even after the age of 18, when participants have been using the Internet for relatively many years.
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Vetter, Daniel, Thomas Hagemann, and Hubert Schwarze. "Potentials and Limitations of an Extended Approximation Method for Nonlinear Dynamic Journal and Thrust Bearing Forces." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-75662.
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Nonlinear dynamic journal bearing modeling within rotordynamic analyses requires the calculation of the nonlinear bearing forces particularly depending on shaft eccentricity and velocity. The bearing forces can be calculated properly using Reynolds differential equation and mass conserving cavitation algorithms, based for example on Elrod’s cavitation algorithm. This approach achieves high model accuracy and allows the consideration of additional effects like misalignment, variable viscosity and transient local oil distribution in the lubricant film. However, despite rising calculating capacity dynamic bearing analyses are still very CPU-time consuming and, consequently, approximation methods are commonly applied in multibody or rotordynamic analyses, especially in day-to-day business. While many approximation procedures are limited to special bearing geometries Glienicke et al. describe a method which is flexible to model different journal bearing geometries, as well as to consider many additional effects like oil supply pressure or starved lubrication conditions in a time averaged manner. It can be applied for both fixed-pad and tilting-pad journal bearings and its characteristic data is included in an a priori calculated map enabling a time-efficient call up of characteristic parameters of the bearing forces from a look-up table in dynamic simulations. Further, the data can be transferred to any other bearing if the requirements of the theory of similarity are supposed to be valid. In this investigation, the method is first successfully extended by the authors to consider misalignment. Secondly, the general idea of the procedure is transferred and applied to thrust bearings in order to enable a six degree of freedom rotordynamic modeling. In case of a simply lateral movement and rotation-symmetric bearing design the procedure is simple, though, in case of tilting movements it becomes more complicated. A misaligned thrust bearing provides tilting and cross-coupling moments. Cross coupling moments are smaller than the main moments, but have similar orders of magnitude and should therefore be considered. Strategies are investigated for a proper approximation of the nonlinear thrust bearing main and cross-coupling forces and moments. All steps are verified using a direct solution of Reynolds differential equation based on an extended mass conserving algorithm adapted from Elrod’s numerical implementation for the stationary case. Finally, the whole procedure and its application to rotordynamic analysis is verified by comparisons with results gained using direct online solution of Reynolds equation in rotordynamic simulation. While good simulation quality of this approximation approach is documented for selected rotor-bearing-systems in literature the range of validity is not clearly defined. Here, the influences of different parameters on the simulation error are investigated conducting different variation calculations for an overhung rotor with documented vibrational behavior from literature. It is shown that the simulation quality depends on the cavitation zone and decreases with rising vibrational velocity. The root cause for this upcoming error and a possible modification for the elimination of this limitation are presented.
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Sim, Siang-Kok, Meng-Leong Tay, and Ahmad Khairyanto. "Optimisation of a Robotic Workcell Layout Using Genetic Algorithms." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-85518.
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With the advent of robots in modern-day manufacturing workcells, optimization of robotic workcell layout (RWL) is crucial in ensuring the minimization of the production cycle time. Although RWL share many aspects with the well-known facility layout problem (FLP), there are features which set the RWL apart. However, the common features which they share enable approaches in FLP to be ported over to RWL. One heuristic gaining popularity is genetic algorithm (GA). In this paper, we present a GA approach to optimizing RWL by using the distance covered by the robot arm as a means of gauging the degree of optimization. The approach is constructive: the different stations within the workcell are placed one by one in the development of the layout. The placement method adopted is based on the spiral placement method first broached by Islier (1998). The algorithm was implemented in Visual C++ and a case study assessed its performance.
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Isaacs, Jason, Sean MacKinnon, Kayla Joyce, and Sherry Stewart. "Cannabis Use Among Women: Does Daily Assessment Reactivity Affect Usage Patterns?" In 2020 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.30.
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BACKGROUND: Daily diary measurements are a common way to assess substance use behaviours, however researchers and clinicians are often cognizant of assessment reactivity (or “reactivity”) in daily substance use measurement. Reactivity involves changes to behaviours that result simply from self-monitoring those behaviours. When reactivity to substance use measurement has been found to exist, it has been identified both as a possible confound in daily diary research and a potential intervention tool in clinical practice. Reactivity to daily self-monitoring of alcohol and tobacco use has been investigated in prior research, however this research has been inconsistent. Reactivity to daily self-monitoring of cannabis use quantity has yet to be documented at all. METHOD: The current study involved secondary analyses of data from N=88 women who self-monitored their cannabis use for 32 consecutive days (Joyce et al., under review). We examined objective reactivity of cannabis use to daily self-monitoring both for the probability of use each day as well as the quantity of cannabis used on each cannabis-using day. At study completion, participants were asked the degree to which they felt self-monitoring impacted their cannabis use (i.e., subjective reactivity). We explored the reported degree of subjective reactivity, and we examined correspondence between objective and subjective reactivity. RESULTS: Hurdle models were the best fit for the data. Participants’ probability of daily cannabis use and the quantity of cannabis use did not change significantly over the study period. For subjective reactivity, many respondents (45%) reported no subjective reactivity, though a majority (55%) reported some degree of subjective reactivity with 24% reporting moderate or more reactivity. A three-step hierarchical linear model was used to investigate the relationship between objective and subjective reactivity. Time was the only predictor in the first step, subjective reactivity was added as a predictor in the second step, and the time x subjective reactivity interaction was explored in the final step. Subjective reactivity was not found to moderate the relationship between time and cannabis use, although there was a significant relationship between self-reported subjective reactivity and variability of cannabis use across the data collection period. CONCLUSIONS: This study determined that participants who report greater subjective reactivity to cannabis measurement are more likely to demonstrate variability in their cannabis usage. While this study did not find a significant change in cannabis scores over time because of reactivity, the non-significant results are valuable from both a research and a clinical standpoint. For research, the lack of change is an indicator that reactivity is likely not a confounding factor in studies involving cannabis daily diary research. From a clinical perspective, the non-significant change indicates that simply self-monitoring cannabis is unlikely to provide standalone benefits when daily self-monitoring is used in clinical practice. It is relevant to note that our study involved a non-help-seeking sample, and future research could benefit from determining whether cannabis reactivity may be moderated by help-seeking behaviours or motivations to change.
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Bzymek, Zbigniew M. "Solving Problems With Contradictions: The Challenge of 21st Century Engineering Education, Research and Practice." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-62293.
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In the fast growing world economy engineering design and production plays a more and more important role almost every day. The only chance for the advanced western nations to maintain their leading technological positions during the course of the current century is to invest in technology and education. This may help to retain the position which, according to predictions, they may lose by 2035 [1]. One of the key ways of keeping their leading technological positions is to develop problem solving research and education to the degree to which all the potential of their national economy and technology would be used. In this paper some aspects of problem solving research and practice using an algorithmic method called BTIPS (Brief Theory of Inventive Problem Solving) are discussed. The importance of problem solving in engineering education is also stressed, and an example of a university course in the subject is discussed.
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Casey, Sean, Moncef Krarti, Marcus Bianchi, and David Roberts. "Identifying Inefficient Single-Family Homes With Utility Bill Analysis." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90431.
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Differentiating between energy-efficient and inefficient single-family homes on a community scale helps identify and prioritize candidates for energy-efficiency upgrades. Prescreening diagnostic procedures can further retrofit efforts by providing efficiency information before a site-visit is conducted. We applied the prescreening diagnostic is applied to a simulated community of homes in Boulder, Colorado and analyzed energy consumption data to identify energy-inefficient homes. A home is defined as efficient if it is compliant with the prescriptive measures of the 2009 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC-2009) for Boulder, Colorado. Previous research indicates a correlation between building operational efficiency and the Heating Slope (HS) regression parameter resulting from the variable-base degree day method. We compared the HS values across a community of houses and those of an IECC-2009-compliant home to identify energy-inefficient homes on a community-scale. To simulate community-wide HS identification, we used DOE-2 energy simulation software for defined home archetypes and corresponding occupant behavior to artificially generate 567 sets of monthly natural gas consumption data Home archetypes were either compliant or incompliant at three conditioned areas; occupant effects were also simulated. Each simulation produced twelve months of natural gas use data. We used monthly energy consumption datasets to estimate the HS values with regression analysis and sorted the homes based on HS values.
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Jin, Qiong, Ting-Li Yang, An-Xin Liu, Hui-Ping Shen, and Fang-Hua Yao. "Structural Synthesis of a Class of Five-DOF Parallel Robot Mechanisms Based on Single-Opened-Chain Units." In ASME 2001 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2001/dac-21153.
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Abstract Based on the units of single-opened-chain limb, some topological characteristics of rank-degenerate parallel robot mechanisms are revealed, and a systematic methodology for the structural synthesis of a class of five degree-of-freedom parallel robot mechanisms is put forward in this paper. 49 new mechanisms with three translational and two rotational degrees of freedom are synthesized and classified. The method proposed in this paper is of universal significance and has been used for the structure synthesis of rank-degenerate parallel robot mechanisms with other kinematics output types.
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Fiodorov, Ion, Irina Cojuhari, Bartolomeu Izvoreanu, Dumitru Moraru, Sorin Botnaru, and Radu Melnic. "The experimental method for tuning of PID controller based on the maximum stability degree criterion." In 2018 International Conference on Development and Application Systems (DAS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/daas.2018.8396069.
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Zhao, Yanwei, Wanliang Wang, Yingli Zhang, and Zhengchu Wang. "Conceptual Design of Tool Storage Based on the Divergent Tree Method." In ASME 2002 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2002/dac-34044.
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The divergent tree method was adopted in this paper, and an illustrative example of tool storage design in the machining center was given to describe the divergent thinking in the conceptual design process of mechanical products. Firstly general divergent tree method was applied to get various schemes of storage, then the primary schemes were achieved by using the measure of known characteristics, finally the excellent degree appraisal approach was applied to find out the optimum one. In addition, an intelligent computer aided conceptual design system of tool storage based on the divergent tree method and excellent degree appraisal approach was demonstrated in this paper.
Reports on the topic "Degree Day Method"
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Halker Singh, Rashmi B., Juliana H. VanderPluym, Allison S. Morrow, Meritxell Urtecho, Tarek Nayfeh, Victor D. Torres Roldan, Magdoleen H. Farah, et al. Acute Treatments for Episodic Migraine. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer239.
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Objectives. To evaluate the effectiveness and comparative effectiveness of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies for the acute treatment of episodic migraine in adults. Data sources. MEDLINE®, Embase®, Cochrane Central Registrar of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PsycINFO®, Scopus, and various grey literature sources from database inception to July 24, 2020. Comparative effectiveness evidence about triptans and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was extracted from existing systematic reviews. Review methods. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and comparative observational studies that enrolled adults who received an intervention to acutely treat episodic migraine. Pairs of independent reviewers selected and appraised studies. Results. Data on triptans were derived from 186 RCTs summarized in nine systematic reviews (101,276 patients; most studied was sumatriptan, followed by zolmitriptan, eletriptan, naratriptan, almotriptan, rizatriptan, and frovatriptan). Compared with placebo, triptans resolved pain at 2 hours and 1 day, and increased the risk of mild and transient adverse events (high strength of the body of evidence [SOE]). Data on NSAIDs were derived from five systematic reviews (13,214 patients; most studied was ibuprofen, followed by diclofenac and ketorolac). Compared with placebo, NSAIDs probably resolved pain at 2 hours and 1 day, and increased the risk of mild and transient adverse events (moderate SOE). For other interventions, we included 135 RCTs and 6 comparative observational studies (37,653 patients). Compared with placebo, antiemetics (low SOE), dihydroergotamine (moderate to high SOE), ergotamine plus caffeine (moderate SOE), and acetaminophen (moderate SOE) reduced acute pain. Opioids were evaluated in 15 studies (2,208 patients).Butorphanol, meperidine, morphine, hydromorphone, and tramadol in combination with acetaminophen may reduce pain at 2 hours and 1 day, compared with placebo (low SOE). Some opioids may be less effective than some antiemetics or dexamethasone (low SOE). No studies evaluated instruments for predicting risk of opioid misuse, opioid use disorder, or overdose, or evaluated risk mitigation strategies to be used when prescribing opioids for the acute treatment of episodic migraine. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonists improved headache relief at 2 hours and increased the likelihood of being headache-free at 2 hours, at 1 day, and at 1 week (low to high SOE). Lasmiditan (the first approved 5-HT1F receptor agonist) restored function at 2 hours and resolved pain at 2 hours, 1 day, and 1 week (moderate to high SOE). Sparse and low SOE suggested possible effectiveness of dexamethasone, dipyrone, magnesium sulfate, and octreotide. Compared with placebo, several nonpharmacologic treatments may improve various measures of pain, including remote electrical neuromodulation (moderate SOE), magnetic stimulation (low SOE), acupuncture (low SOE), chamomile oil (low SOE), external trigeminal nerve stimulation (low SOE), and eye movement desensitization re-processing (low SOE). However, these interventions, including the noninvasive neuromodulation devices, have been evaluated only by single or very few trials. Conclusions. A number of acute treatments for episodic migraine exist with varying degrees of evidence for effectiveness and harms. Use of triptans, NSAIDs, antiemetics, dihydroergotamine, CGRP antagonists, and lasmiditan is associated with improved pain and function. The evidence base for many other interventions for acute treatment, including opioids, remains limited.
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Some complex approaches to training micro-cycles formation among cadetsweightlifters taking into account biotypes. Ilyas N. Ibragimov, Zinaida M. Kuznetsova, Ilsiyar Sh. Mutaeva, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14526/2070-4798-2021-16-1-39-46.
Full textAbstract:
Training cadets-weightlifters at all stages has a multipurpose orientation, that is why it is important to define and plan a rational combination of the training means use. Distribution of such micro structures in the cycle of training, as the days, months of training, provides effective volume, intensity and other values of physical load distribution. The structure of training cadets-weightlifters is based on taking into account the regularities and principles of sports training as the condition for physical readiness and working capacity increase. Any power oriented sports demands components characteristics in the structure of micro cycles. We consider the methodology of the training lessons organization by the example of the micro cycle of training taking into account bioenergetic profile of cadets-weightlifters. We revealed the necessity to distribute the macro cycle to structural components as the condition for the effectiveness of different variants of the training effects distribution. Materials and methods. We analyzed the range of training lessons among cadets-weightlifters in order to create the variants of gradual training problems solution according to the kinds of training. We analyzed training programs of cadets taking into consideration the level of readiness and their bioenergetic profiles. We created the content of the training work in the micro cycle of the preparatory period for cadets-weightlifters with different bioenergetic profiles. The main material of the research includes the ratio of the training effects volume in one micro cycle taking into account cadets’ bioenergetic profile. Cadets-weightlifters from Tyumen Higher Military-Engineering Command College (military Institute) took part in the research (Tyumen, Russia). Results. We created the content of the training work by the example of one micro cycle for cadets-weightlifters taking into account bioenergetic profile. The created variant of the training loads structure includes the main means of training taking into account the kind of training. Realization orientation in five regimens of work fulfillment with the effectiveness estimation of a total load within one lesson and a week in general is estimated according to a point system. Conclusion. The created variant of a micro cycle considers kinds of training realization taking into account the percentage of the ratio. Taking into account bioenergetic profiles helps to discuss strong and weak sides of muscle activity energy supply mechanisms. We consider the ability to fulfill a long-term aerobic load among the representatives of the 1st and the 2nd bioenergetic profiles. The representatives of the 3rd and the 4th biotype are inclined to fulfill the mixed load. The representatives of the 5th biotype are characterized by higher degree of anaerobic abilities demonstration. The technology of planning the means taking into account the regimens of work realization with point system helps to increase physical working capacity and rehabilitation processes in cadets’ organisms.